├── SDG.pdf ├── static ├── docs │ └── SDG.pdf └── output │ └── QA.csv ├── requirements.txt ├── README.md ├── LICENSE ├── .gitignore ├── script.py ├── app.py └── templates └── index.html /SDG.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AIAnytime/Question-Answer-Generation-App/HEAD/SDG.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /static/docs/SDG.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AIAnytime/Question-Answer-Generation-App/HEAD/static/docs/SDG.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | langchain 2 | openai 3 | pypdf 4 | tiktoken 5 | aiofiles 6 | fastapi 7 | uvicorn 8 | jinja2 9 | python-multipart 10 | PyPDF2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Question-Answer-Generation-App 2 | Question Answer Generation App from the documents. Primarily suited to Teachers and related Academia's posts. 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | MIT License 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2023 AI Anytime 4 | 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 11 | 12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 14 | 15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 21 | SOFTWARE. 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | share/python-wheels/ 24 | *.egg-info/ 25 | .installed.cfg 26 | *.egg 27 | MANIFEST 28 | 29 | # PyInstaller 30 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 31 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 32 | *.manifest 33 | *.spec 34 | 35 | # Installer logs 36 | pip-log.txt 37 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 38 | 39 | # Unit test / coverage reports 40 | htmlcov/ 41 | .tox/ 42 | .nox/ 43 | .coverage 44 | .coverage.* 45 | .cache 46 | nosetests.xml 47 | coverage.xml 48 | *.cover 49 | *.py,cover 50 | .hypothesis/ 51 | .pytest_cache/ 52 | cover/ 53 | 54 | # Translations 55 | *.mo 56 | *.pot 57 | 58 | # Django stuff: 59 | *.log 60 | local_settings.py 61 | db.sqlite3 62 | db.sqlite3-journal 63 | 64 | # Flask stuff: 65 | instance/ 66 | .webassets-cache 67 | 68 | # Scrapy stuff: 69 | .scrapy 70 | 71 | # Sphinx documentation 72 | docs/_build/ 73 | 74 | # PyBuilder 75 | .pybuilder/ 76 | target/ 77 | 78 | # Jupyter Notebook 79 | .ipynb_checkpoints 80 | 81 | # IPython 82 | profile_default/ 83 | ipython_config.py 84 | 85 | # pyenv 86 | # For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is 87 | # intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in: 88 | # .python-version 89 | 90 | # pipenv 91 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 92 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 93 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 94 | # install all needed dependencies. 95 | #Pipfile.lock 96 | 97 | # poetry 98 | # Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control. 99 | # This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more 100 | # commonly ignored for libraries. 101 | # https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control 102 | #poetry.lock 103 | 104 | # pdm 105 | # Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control. 106 | #pdm.lock 107 | # pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it 108 | # in version control. 109 | # https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide 110 | .pdm.toml 111 | 112 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm 113 | __pypackages__/ 114 | 115 | # Celery stuff 116 | celerybeat-schedule 117 | celerybeat.pid 118 | 119 | # SageMath parsed files 120 | *.sage.py 121 | 122 | # Environments 123 | .env 124 | .venv 125 | env/ 126 | venv/ 127 | ENV/ 128 | env.bak/ 129 | venv.bak/ 130 | 131 | # Spyder project settings 132 | .spyderproject 133 | .spyproject 134 | 135 | # Rope project settings 136 | .ropeproject 137 | 138 | # mkdocs documentation 139 | /site 140 | 141 | # mypy 142 | .mypy_cache/ 143 | .dmypy.json 144 | dmypy.json 145 | 146 | # Pyre type checker 147 | .pyre/ 148 | 149 | # pytype static type analyzer 150 | .pytype/ 151 | 152 | # Cython debug symbols 153 | cython_debug/ 154 | 155 | # PyCharm 156 | # JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can 157 | # be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore 158 | # and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file. For a more nuclear 159 | # option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder. 160 | #.idea/ 161 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /script.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI 2 | from langchain.chains import QAGenerationChain 3 | from langchain.text_splitter import TokenTextSplitter 4 | from langchain.docstore.document import Document 5 | from langchain.document_loaders import PyPDFLoader 6 | from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate 7 | from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings 8 | from langchain.vectorstores import Chroma, FAISS 9 | from langchain.chains.summarize import load_summarize_chain 10 | from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA 11 | import os 12 | 13 | 14 | os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "" 15 | 16 | # Set file path 17 | file_path = 'SDG.pdf' 18 | 19 | # Load data from PDF 20 | loader = PyPDFLoader(file_path) 21 | data = loader.load() 22 | 23 | question_gen = '' 24 | 25 | for page in data: 26 | question_gen += page.page_content 27 | 28 | splitter_ques_gen = TokenTextSplitter( 29 | model_name = 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 30 | chunk_size = 10000, 31 | chunk_overlap = 200 32 | ) 33 | 34 | chunks_ques_gen = splitter_ques_gen.split_text(question_gen) 35 | 36 | document_ques_gen = [Document(page_content=t) for t in chunks_ques_gen] 37 | 38 | splitter_ans_gen = TokenTextSplitter( 39 | model_name = 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 40 | chunk_size = 1000, 41 | chunk_overlap = 100 42 | ) 43 | 44 | 45 | document_answer_gen = splitter_ans_gen.split_documents( 46 | document_ques_gen 47 | ) 48 | 49 | llm_ques_gen_pipeline = ChatOpenAI( 50 | temperature = 0.3, 51 | model = "gpt-3.5-turbo" 52 | ) 53 | 54 | prompt_template = """ 55 | You are an expert at creating questions based on coding materials and documentation. 56 | Your goal is to prepare a coder or programmer for their exam and coding tests. 57 | You do this by asking questions about the text below: 58 | 59 | ------------ 60 | {text} 61 | ------------ 62 | 63 | Create questions that will prepare the coders or programmers for their tests. 64 | Make sure not to lose any important information. 65 | 66 | QUESTIONS: 67 | """ 68 | 69 | PROMPT_QUESTIONS = PromptTemplate(template=prompt_template, input_variables=["text"]) 70 | 71 | refine_template = (""" 72 | You are an expert at creating practice questions based on coding material and documentation. 73 | Your goal is to help a coder or programmer prepare for a coding test. 74 | We have received some practice questions to a certain extent: {existing_answer}. 75 | We have the option to refine the existing questions or add new ones. 76 | (only if necessary) with some more context below. 77 | ------------ 78 | {text} 79 | ------------ 80 | 81 | Given the new context, refine the original questions in English. 82 | If the context is not helpful, please provide the original questions. 83 | QUESTIONS: 84 | """ 85 | ) 86 | 87 | REFINE_PROMPT_QUESTIONS = PromptTemplate( 88 | input_variables=["existing_answer", "text"], 89 | template=refine_template, 90 | ) 91 | 92 | ques_gen_chain = load_summarize_chain(llm = llm_ques_gen_pipeline, 93 | chain_type = "refine", 94 | verbose = True, 95 | question_prompt=PROMPT_QUESTIONS, 96 | refine_prompt=REFINE_PROMPT_QUESTIONS) 97 | 98 | ques = ques_gen_chain.run(document_ques_gen) 99 | 100 | print(ques) 101 | 102 | 103 | embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings() 104 | 105 | vector_store = FAISS.from_documents(document_answer_gen, embeddings) 106 | 107 | llm_answer_gen = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.1, model="gpt-3.5-turbo") 108 | 109 | ques_list = ques.split("\n") 110 | 111 | ques_list 112 | 113 | answer_generation_chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=llm_answer_gen, 114 | chain_type="stuff", 115 | retriever=vector_store.as_retriever()) 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | # Answer each question and save to a file 121 | for question in ques_list: 122 | print("Question: ", question) 123 | answer = answer_generation_chain.run(question) 124 | print("Answer: ", answer) 125 | print("--------------------------------------------------\\n\\n") 126 | # Save answer to file 127 | with open("answers.txt", "a") as f: 128 | f.write("Question: " + question + "\\n") 129 | f.write("Answer: " + answer + "\\n") 130 | f.write("--------------------------------------------------\\n\\n") 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from fastapi import FastAPI, Form, Request, Response, File, Depends, HTTPException, status 2 | from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse 3 | from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles 4 | from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates 5 | from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder 6 | from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI 7 | from langchain.chains import QAGenerationChain 8 | from langchain.text_splitter import TokenTextSplitter 9 | from langchain.docstore.document import Document 10 | from langchain.document_loaders import PyPDFLoader 11 | from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate 12 | from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings 13 | from langchain.vectorstores import FAISS 14 | from langchain.chains.summarize import load_summarize_chain 15 | from langchain.chains import RetrievalQA 16 | import os 17 | import json 18 | import time 19 | import uvicorn 20 | import aiofiles 21 | from PyPDF2 import PdfReader 22 | import csv 23 | 24 | app = FastAPI() 25 | 26 | app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory="static"), name="static") 27 | 28 | templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates") 29 | 30 | os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = "" 31 | 32 | # Set file path 33 | # file_path = 'SDG.pdf' 34 | 35 | def count_pdf_pages(pdf_path): 36 | try: 37 | pdf = PdfReader(pdf_path) 38 | return len(pdf.pages) 39 | except Exception as e: 40 | print("Error:", e) 41 | return None 42 | 43 | def file_processing(file_path): 44 | 45 | # Load data from PDF 46 | loader = PyPDFLoader(file_path) 47 | data = loader.load() 48 | 49 | question_gen = '' 50 | 51 | for page in data: 52 | question_gen += page.page_content 53 | 54 | splitter_ques_gen = TokenTextSplitter( 55 | model_name = 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 56 | chunk_size = 10000, 57 | chunk_overlap = 200 58 | ) 59 | 60 | chunks_ques_gen = splitter_ques_gen.split_text(question_gen) 61 | 62 | document_ques_gen = [Document(page_content=t) for t in chunks_ques_gen] 63 | 64 | splitter_ans_gen = TokenTextSplitter( 65 | model_name = 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 66 | chunk_size = 1000, 67 | chunk_overlap = 100 68 | ) 69 | 70 | 71 | document_answer_gen = splitter_ans_gen.split_documents( 72 | document_ques_gen 73 | ) 74 | 75 | return document_ques_gen, document_answer_gen 76 | 77 | def llm_pipeline(file_path): 78 | 79 | document_ques_gen, document_answer_gen = file_processing(file_path) 80 | 81 | llm_ques_gen_pipeline = ChatOpenAI( 82 | temperature = 0.3, 83 | model = "gpt-3.5-turbo" 84 | ) 85 | 86 | prompt_template = """ 87 | You are an expert at creating questions based on coding materials and documentation. 88 | Your goal is to prepare a coder or programmer for their exam and coding tests. 89 | You do this by asking questions about the text below: 90 | 91 | ------------ 92 | {text} 93 | ------------ 94 | 95 | Create questions that will prepare the coders or programmers for their tests. 96 | Make sure not to lose any important information. 97 | 98 | QUESTIONS: 99 | """ 100 | 101 | PROMPT_QUESTIONS = PromptTemplate(template=prompt_template, input_variables=["text"]) 102 | 103 | refine_template = (""" 104 | You are an expert at creating practice questions based on coding material and documentation. 105 | Your goal is to help a coder or programmer prepare for a coding test. 106 | We have received some practice questions to a certain extent: {existing_answer}. 107 | We have the option to refine the existing questions or add new ones. 108 | (only if necessary) with some more context below. 109 | ------------ 110 | {text} 111 | ------------ 112 | 113 | Given the new context, refine the original questions in English. 114 | If the context is not helpful, please provide the original questions. 115 | QUESTIONS: 116 | """ 117 | ) 118 | 119 | REFINE_PROMPT_QUESTIONS = PromptTemplate( 120 | input_variables=["existing_answer", "text"], 121 | template=refine_template, 122 | ) 123 | 124 | ques_gen_chain = load_summarize_chain(llm = llm_ques_gen_pipeline, 125 | chain_type = "refine", 126 | verbose = True, 127 | question_prompt=PROMPT_QUESTIONS, 128 | refine_prompt=REFINE_PROMPT_QUESTIONS) 129 | 130 | ques = ques_gen_chain.run(document_ques_gen) 131 | 132 | embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings() 133 | 134 | vector_store = FAISS.from_documents(document_answer_gen, embeddings) 135 | 136 | llm_answer_gen = ChatOpenAI(temperature=0.1, model="gpt-3.5-turbo") 137 | 138 | ques_list = ques.split("\n") 139 | filtered_ques_list = [element for element in ques_list if element.endswith('?') or element.endswith('.')] 140 | 141 | answer_generation_chain = RetrievalQA.from_chain_type(llm=llm_answer_gen, 142 | chain_type="stuff", 143 | retriever=vector_store.as_retriever()) 144 | 145 | return answer_generation_chain, filtered_ques_list 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | # Answer each question and save to a file 151 | # for question in question_list: 152 | # print("Question: ", question) 153 | # answer = answer_gen_chain.run(question) 154 | # print("Answer: ", answer) 155 | # print("--------------------------------------------------\\n\\n") 156 | # # Save answer to file 157 | # with open("answers.txt", "a") as f: 158 | # f.write("Question: " + question + "\\n") 159 | # f.write("Answer: " + answer + "\\n") 160 | # f.write("--------------------------------------------------\\n\\n") 161 | 162 | def get_csv (file_path): 163 | answer_generation_chain, ques_list = llm_pipeline(file_path) 164 | base_folder = 'static/output/' 165 | if not os.path.isdir(base_folder): 166 | os.mkdir(base_folder) 167 | output_file = base_folder+"QA.csv" 168 | with open(output_file, "w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as csvfile: 169 | csv_writer = csv.writer(csvfile) 170 | csv_writer.writerow(["Question", "Answer"]) # Writing the header row 171 | 172 | for question in ques_list: 173 | print("Question: ", question) 174 | answer = answer_generation_chain.run(question) 175 | print("Answer: ", answer) 176 | print("--------------------------------------------------\n\n") 177 | 178 | # Save answer to CSV file 179 | csv_writer.writerow([question, answer]) 180 | return output_file 181 | 182 | @app.get("/") 183 | async def index(request: Request): 184 | return templates.TemplateResponse("index.html", {"request": request}) 185 | 186 | @app.post("/upload") 187 | async def chat(request: Request, pdf_file: bytes = File(), filename: str = Form(...)): 188 | base_folder = 'static/docs/' 189 | if not os.path.isdir(base_folder): 190 | os.mkdir(base_folder) 191 | pdf_filename = os.path.join(base_folder, filename) 192 | 193 | async with aiofiles.open(pdf_filename, 'wb') as f: 194 | await f.write(pdf_file) 195 | # page_count = count_pdf_pages(pdf_filename) 196 | # if page_count > 5: 197 | # return Response(jsonable_encoder(json.dumps({"msg": 'error'}))) 198 | response_data = jsonable_encoder(json.dumps({"msg": 'success',"pdf_filename": pdf_filename})) 199 | res = Response(response_data) 200 | return res 201 | 202 | 203 | @app.post("/analyze") 204 | async def chat(request: Request, pdf_filename: str = Form(...)): 205 | output_file = get_csv(pdf_filename) 206 | response_data = jsonable_encoder(json.dumps({"output_file": output_file})) 207 | res = Response(response_data) 208 | return res 209 | 210 | if __name__ == "__main__": 211 | uvicorn.run("app:app", host='0.0.0.0', port=8000, reload=True) 212 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /templates/index.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Document 8 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
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Question Answer Generator

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72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 184 | 185 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /static/output/QA.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Question,Answer 2 | 1. What is the name of the plan created by leaders from 193 countries in 2015?,The plan created by leaders from 193 countries in 2015 is called the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 3 | 2. How many goals are included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?,There are 17 goals included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). 4 | 3. What is the goal of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)?,The goal of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. The UNDP works in nearly 170 countries and territories to help nations make the SDGs a reality and to champion the goals so that people everywhere know how to contribute. 5 | "4. What was the goal set in 2000 to reduce extreme poverty, and was it achieved?","The goal set in 2000 was to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty by the year 2015. This goal was achieved, as the international community was able to cut extreme poverty in half within that timeframe. However, it is important to note that more than 800 million people still live in extreme poverty, so there is still work to be done to completely eradicate poverty." 6 | 5. What is the current number of people living in extreme poverty?,The current number of people living in extreme poverty is not mentioned in the given context. 7 | 6. What progress has been made in reducing hunger in the past 20 years?,"In the past 20 years, hunger has dropped by almost half. Many countries that used to suffer from famine and hunger can now meet the nutritional needs of their most vulnerable people. However, there is still work to be done as nearly 1 out of every 9 people on earth still go to bed hungry every night." 8 | 7. What are some ways to achieve the goal of ending hunger and malnutrition?,"Some ways to achieve the goal of ending hunger and malnutrition include: 9 | 10 | 1. Promoting sustainable agriculture: This involves supporting small farmers, providing them with access to resources and technology, and promoting environmentally friendly farming practices. 11 | 12 | 2. Improving access to nutritious food: This can be done through initiatives such as school feeding programs, community gardens, and food banks. 13 | 14 | 3. Addressing poverty and inequality: Poverty and inequality are major contributors to hunger and malnutrition. By implementing policies that reduce poverty and promote economic opportunities for all, we can help ensure that everyone has access to" 15 | 8. What progress has been made in improving health and reducing preventable child deaths?,"In the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in improving health and reducing preventable child deaths. Preventable child deaths have dropped by more than half, and maternal mortality has also decreased significantly. However, there are still challenges, such as the fact that 6 million children die every year before their fifth birthday and AIDS remains the leading cause of death for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to build on these achievements and ensure that good health is accessible to all." 16 | 9. What is the goal for education outlined in the SDGs?,"The goal for education outlined in the SDGs is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. This includes providing access to affordable and quality primary and secondary education, as well as vocational training and higher education. The aim is to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background or circumstances, has the opportunity to receive a good education." 17 | 10. What are some challenges in achieving gender equality?,"Some challenges in achieving gender equality include: 18 | 19 | 1. Discrimination and gender stereotypes: Deep-rooted societal norms and stereotypes often limit opportunities for women and girls, leading to discrimination in education, employment, and decision-making. 20 | 21 | 2. Violence against women: Gender-based violence, including domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking, remains a significant barrier to gender equality and women's empowerment. 22 | 23 | 3. Unequal access to education: Despite progress, girls still face barriers to accessing quality education, particularly in developing regions. This limits their opportunities for personal and economic growth. 24 | 25 | 4. Gender pay gap: Women continue" 26 | 11. What is the goal for access to clean drinking water and sanitation by 2030?,The goal for access to clean drinking water and sanitation by 2030 is to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. 27 | 12. How has access to electricity changed between 1990 and 2010?,"Between 1990 and 2010, the number of people with access to electricity increased by 1.7 billion." 28 | 13. What is the goal for economic growth and employment?,"The goal for economic growth and employment is to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all." 29 | 14. How can technological progress contribute to sustainable development?,"Technological progress can contribute to sustainable development in several ways: 30 | 31 | 1. Access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Technological advancements, such as the internet and mobile phones, can bridge the digital divide and provide access to information and communication for people in remote areas. This can lead to improved education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. 32 | 33 | 2. Sustainable Infrastructure: Technology can help develop and implement sustainable infrastructure, such as renewable energy systems, smart grids, and efficient transportation systems. These advancements can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote energy efficiency, and mitigate the impacts of climate change. 34 | 35 | 3. Innovation and Research" 36 | 15. What is the goal for reducing inequality within and among countries?,"The goal for reducing inequality within and among countries is to create policies that create equal opportunities for everyone, regardless of their background or origin. This includes improving the regulation of financial markets and institutions, providing development aid where it is most needed, and promoting safe migration for individuals seeking better opportunities." 37 | 16. What is the projected population living in cities by 2050?,"By 2050, it is projected that two-thirds of the world's population will live in cities." 38 | "17. How can cities become more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable?","To make cities more inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, several actions can be taken: 39 | 40 | 1. Create affordable and accessible public housing: Investing in good, affordable public housing can ensure that everyone has a place to live and can afford it. 41 | 42 | 2. Upgrade slum settlements: Upgrading slum settlements can improve living conditions for those living in informal settlements, providing them with access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and electricity. 43 | 44 | 3. Invest in public transport: Developing and improving public transportation systems can reduce congestion, air pollution, and reliance on private vehicles" 45 | 18. What is the goal for sustainable consumption and production patterns?,"The goal for sustainable consumption and production patterns is to manage our natural resources more efficiently, dispose of toxic waste better, cut per capita food waste in half globally, and promote responsible consumption patterns." 46 | 19. What are some challenges related to climate change and its impacts?,"Some challenges related to climate change and its impacts include: 47 | 48 | 1. Rising global temperatures: Climate change is causing an increase in global temperatures, leading to more frequent and intense heatwaves, droughts, and wildfires. 49 | 50 | 2. Sea-level rise: As temperatures rise, glaciers and ice caps melt, causing sea levels to rise. This leads to coastal erosion, flooding, and the displacement of coastal communities. 51 | 52 | 3. Extreme weather events: Climate change is causing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, cyclones, and heavy rainfall, leading to widespread destruction and" 53 | 20. How can the oceans and marine resources be protected and sustainably used?,"The Sustainable Development Goals provide targets for managing and protecting life below water. To protect and sustainably use oceans and marine resources, countries can take several actions: 54 | 55 | 1. Implement and enforce regulations to prevent overfishing and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing practices. 56 | 2. Establish marine protected areas and promote sustainable fishing practices to conserve biodiversity and protect vulnerable species. 57 | 3. Reduce pollution and improve waste management to prevent plastic and other pollutants from entering the oceans. 58 | 4. Promote sustainable tourism and responsible coastal development to minimize negative impacts on marine ecosystems. 59 | 5. Enhance" 60 | 21. What is the goal for conserving terrestrial ecosystems and combating land degradation?,"The goal for conserving terrestrial ecosystems and combating land degradation is to ""protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.""" 61 | 22. Why is peace and justice important for sustainable development?,"Peace and justice are important for sustainable development because they create a stable and secure environment in which individuals and communities can thrive. Without peace, countries and communities are often plagued by armed conflict, crime, and insecurity, which hinders their development. Justice ensures that everyone has equal access to opportunities and resources, regardless of their background or social status. It also promotes the rule of law and protects human rights, which are essential for a fair and inclusive society. By reducing violence, strengthening institutions, and promoting justice, sustainable development can be achieved and maintained." 62 | 23. How can the means of implementation and global partnership be strengthened for sustainable development?,"The means of implementation and global partnership for sustainable development can be strengthened in several ways: 63 | 64 | 1. Increase financial resources: Countries can increase their financial contributions to support sustainable development initiatives. This can be done through increased official development assistance (ODA), private sector investments, and innovative financing mechanisms. 65 | 66 | 2. Enhance technology transfer: Developed countries can support the transfer of technology to developing countries to help them adopt sustainable practices and improve their capacity for sustainable development. 67 | 68 | 3. Strengthen capacity building: Developing countries can receive support in building their capacity to implement sustainable development initiatives. This can" 69 | 24. What are some ways individuals can support the Sustainable Development Goals?,"There are several ways individuals can support the Sustainable Development Goals: 70 | 71 | 1. Educate yourself: Learn about the Sustainable Development Goals and understand the issues they address. This will help you make informed decisions and take action. 72 | 73 | 2. Spread awareness: Share information about the Sustainable Development Goals with your friends, family, and community. Use social media, organize events, or participate in discussions to raise awareness about the goals and their importance. 74 | 75 | 3. Take action: Get involved in initiatives and projects that align with the Sustainable Development Goals. This could include volunteering, donating to organizations working towards the goals," 76 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------