├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── pytest.ini ├── requirements.txt ├── stuff ├── __init__.py └── accum.py └── tests ├── test_accum.py ├── test_api.py ├── test_math.py └── test_ui.py /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | pip-wheel-metadata/ 24 | share/python-wheels/ 25 | *.egg-info/ 26 | .installed.cfg 27 | *.egg 28 | MANIFEST 29 | 30 | # PyInstaller 31 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 32 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 33 | *.manifest 34 | *.spec 35 | 36 | # Installer logs 37 | pip-log.txt 38 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 39 | 40 | # Unit test / coverage reports 41 | htmlcov/ 42 | .tox/ 43 | .nox/ 44 | .coverage 45 | .coverage.* 46 | .cache 47 | nosetests.xml 48 | coverage.xml 49 | *.cover 50 | *.py,cover 51 | .hypothesis/ 52 | .pytest_cache/ 53 | 54 | # Translations 55 | *.mo 56 | *.pot 57 | 58 | # Django stuff: 59 | *.log 60 | local_settings.py 61 | db.sqlite3 62 | db.sqlite3-journal 63 | 64 | # Flask stuff: 65 | instance/ 66 | .webassets-cache 67 | 68 | # Scrapy stuff: 69 | .scrapy 70 | 71 | # Sphinx documentation 72 | docs/_build/ 73 | 74 | # PyBuilder 75 | target/ 76 | 77 | # Jupyter Notebook 78 | .ipynb_checkpoints 79 | 80 | # IPython 81 | profile_default/ 82 | ipython_config.py 83 | 84 | # pyenv 85 | .python-version 86 | 87 | # pipenv 88 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 89 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 90 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 91 | # install all needed dependencies. 92 | #Pipfile.lock 93 | 94 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow 95 | __pypackages__/ 96 | 97 | # Celery stuff 98 | celerybeat-schedule 99 | celerybeat.pid 100 | 101 | # SageMath parsed files 102 | *.sage.py 103 | 104 | # Environments 105 | .env 106 | .venv 107 | env/ 108 | venv/ 109 | ENV/ 110 | env.bak/ 111 | venv.bak/ 112 | 113 | # Spyder project settings 114 | .spyderproject 115 | .spyproject 116 | 117 | # Rope project settings 118 | .ropeproject 119 | 120 | # mkdocs documentation 121 | /site 122 | 123 | # mypy 124 | .mypy_cache/ 125 | .dmypy.json 126 | dmypy.json 127 | 128 | # Pyre type checker 129 | .pyre/ 130 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Introduction to pytest: A Test Automation University Course 2 | 3 | This repository contains example code for [*Introduction to pytest*](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/pytest-tutorial/), 4 | a [Test Automation University](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/) course 5 | taught by [Pandy Knight](https://twitter.com/AutomationPanda). 6 | This course teaches how to automate test cases in Python using [pytest](https://pytest.org). 7 | 8 | 9 | ## Repository Purpose 10 | 11 | The best way to learn pytest is through hands-on coding. 12 | In the first lesson of the course, you will create a new Python project for test cases. 13 | (That project will *not* be the same as this repository.) 14 | Each chapter then introduces new concepts and provides coding instructions for your project. 15 | If you code along with each chapter, 16 | then you will have a complete, functioning test automation project by the end of the course. 17 | 18 | This repository provides all example code for the project. 19 | If you get stuck while building your own project, 20 | compare your code to the example code in this repository. 21 | However, try to avoid blindly copying code from the repository into your project. 22 | Take the time to learn the concepts and code presented in each chapter. 23 | 24 | 25 | ## Repository Branches 26 | 27 | * Each `chapter/*` branch contains the state of the code for each chapter 28 | * The `main` branch contains the final state of the code at the end of the course 29 | 30 | 31 | ## Python Setup 32 | 33 | Python setup can be complicated. 34 | This section documents how to set up your machine for Python test automation development. 35 | 36 | ### Python Installation and Tools 37 | 38 | You can complete this course using any OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, etc. 39 | 40 | This course requires Python 3. 41 | You can download the latest Python version from [Python.org](https://www.python.org/downloads/). 42 | Follow the appropriate installation instructions for your operating system. 43 | 44 | You should have basic Python programming skills before attempting this course. 45 | Learning the language is always a prerequisite for learning automation. 46 | If you need help learning Python, check out this article: 47 | [How Do I Start Learning Python?](https://automationpanda.com/2020/02/18/how-do-i-start-learning-python/) 48 | 49 | You should also have a good Python editor/IDE. 50 | Good choices include [PyCharm](https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/) 51 | and [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/languages/python). 52 | 53 | You will also need [Git](https://git-scm.com/) if you want to clone this repository locally. 54 | If you are new to Git, [try learning the basics](https://try.github.io/). 55 | 56 | ### Python Installation Troubleshooting 57 | 58 | Unfortunately, installing Python properly can be complicated, 59 | especially if Python was previously installed on your machine. 60 | To verify your Python installation, enter `python --version` at the command line. 61 | You should see the proper version printed. 62 | 63 | If the `python` command doesn't work or doesn’t print the expected version number, 64 | then try using the `python3` command instead. 65 | If that still doesn't work, 66 | then the correct Python installation might not be included in your system path. 67 | Find the directory into which Python was installed, 68 | manually add it to the system path, 69 | relaunch the command line, 70 | and try running Python again. 71 | 72 | * [System Path Instructions for Windows](https://geek-university.com/python/add-python-to-the-windows-path/) 73 | * [System Path Instructions for macOS](https://www.educative.io/edpresso/how-to-add-python-to-the-path-variable-in-mac) 74 | * [System Path Instructions for Linux](https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001647.htm) 75 | 76 | ### Python Packages 77 | 78 | This course will use a handful of third-party packages: 79 | 80 | * pytest 81 | * pytest-cov 82 | * pytest-html 83 | * pytest-xdist 84 | * requests 85 | * playwright 86 | 87 | These packages are *not* part of the Python Standard Library. 88 | They must be installed separately using `pip`, the standard Python package installer. 89 | You can install them all before you create your test project, 90 | or you can install them as you complete each chapter in the course. 91 | 92 | To install each package, enter `pip install ` at the command line. 93 | For example: `pip install pytest`. 94 | If you already have a package installed but need to upgrade its version, 95 | run `pip install --upgrade `. 96 | 97 | Please note that if you need to use the `python3` command to run Python, 98 | then you might also need to use the `pip3` command in lieu of `pip`. 99 | 100 | ### Virtual Environments 101 | 102 | Running `pip install` will install the pytest package globally for the whole system. 103 | Installing Python packages globally is okay for this course, 104 | but it typically isn't a best practice in the "read world." 105 | Instead, each project should manage its own dependencies locally using a virtual environment. 106 | Virtual environments let projects avoid unnecessary dependencies and version mismatches. 107 | 108 | For simplicity, this course will not use or teach virtual environments. 109 | If you would like to learn virtual environments on your own, then RealPython's article 110 | [Python Virtual Environments: A Primer](https://realpython.com/python-virtual-environments-a-primer/) 111 | is an excellent place to start. 112 | 113 | ### Package Versions 114 | 115 | The [`requirements.txt`](requirements.txt) file contains the versions for each package used in this course. 116 | 117 | 118 | ## Running Tests 119 | 120 | To run the example tests from the command line, run `python -m pytest` from the project root directory. 121 | This command will discover and run all tests in the project. 122 | 123 | You can also run tests using the shorter `pytest` command. 124 | However, I recommend always using the lengthier `python -m pytest` command. 125 | The lengthier command automatically adds the current directory to `sys.path` 126 | so that all modules in the project can be discovered. 127 | 128 | The pytest command has several command line options. 129 | Course material will cover many of them. 130 | Check out the [Usage and Invocations](https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/usage.html) page 131 | for complete documentation. 132 | 133 | *Warning:* 134 | If you attempt to run tests from this example project, 135 | make sure to checkout the correct branch first! 136 | 137 | 138 | ## Additional Resources 139 | 140 | Python links: 141 | 142 | * [Python.org](https://www.python.org/) 143 | * [pytest.org](https://docs.pytest.org/) 144 | * [How Do I Start Learning Python?](https://automationpanda.com/2020/02/18/how-do-i-start-learning-python/) 145 | * [Python Virtual Environments: A Primer](https://realpython.com/python-virtual-environments-a-primer/) 146 | * [Effective Python Testing with Pytest](https://realpython.com/pytest-python-testing/) 147 | * [Automation Panda's Python Page](https://automationpanda.com/python/) 148 | 149 | Books: 150 | 151 | * [Python Testing with pytest](https://pragprog.com/titles/bopytest/) by Brian Okken 152 | * [pytest Quick Start Guide](https://www.packtpub.com/web-development/pytest-quick-start-guide) by Bruno Oliveira 153 | * [Test-Driven Development with Python](https://www.obeythetestinggoat.com/) by Harry J.W. Percival 154 | 155 | Related TAU courses: 156 | 157 | * [Python Programming](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/python-tutorial/) 158 | * [Selenium WebDriver with Python](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/selenium-webdriver-python-tutorial/) 159 | * [Behavior-Driven Python with pytest-bdd](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/behavior-driven-python-with-pytest-bdd/) 160 | * [Automated Visual Testing with Python](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/visual-testing-python/) 161 | 162 | 163 | ## About the Author 164 | 165 | This course was written and delivered by **Andrew Knight** (aka *Pandy*), the "Automation Panda". 166 | Andy is a Pythonista who specializes in testing and automation. 167 | 168 | * Blog: [AutomationPanda.com](https://automationpanda.com/) 169 | * Twitter: [@AutomationPanda](https://twitter.com/AutomationPanda) 170 | * LinkedIn: [andrew-leland-knight](https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-leland-knight/) 171 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pytest.ini: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [pytest] 2 | junit_family = xunit2 3 | markers = 4 | accumulator 5 | acme_bank 6 | api 7 | duckduckgo 8 | math 9 | ui 10 | testpaths = tests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pytest==7.3.1 2 | pytest-cov==4.0.0 3 | pytest-html==3.2.0 4 | pytest-playwright==0.3.3 5 | pytest-xdist==3.3.1 6 | requests==2.31.0 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /stuff/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AutomationPanda/tau-intro-to-pytest/1751f76f455b6f3709ec1543941afb99efb3f6cf/stuff/__init__.py -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /stuff/accum.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This module contains a basic accumulator class. 3 | Its purpose is to show how to use the pytest framework for testing classes. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | 7 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 | # Class: Accumulator 9 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 | 11 | class Accumulator: 12 | 13 | def __init__(self): 14 | self._count = 0 15 | 16 | @property 17 | def count(self): 18 | return self._count 19 | 20 | def add(self, more=1): 21 | self._count += more 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/test_accum.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This module contains basic unit tests for the accum module. 3 | Their purpose is to show how to use the pytest framework by example. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 | # Imports 8 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 | 10 | import pytest 11 | from stuff.accum import Accumulator 12 | 13 | 14 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 | # Fixtures 16 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 | 18 | @pytest.fixture 19 | def accum(): 20 | return Accumulator() 21 | 22 | 23 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 | # Tests 25 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 | 27 | @pytest.mark.accumulator 28 | def test_accumulator_init(accum): 29 | assert accum.count == 0 30 | 31 | 32 | @pytest.mark.accumulator 33 | def test_accumulator_add_one(accum): 34 | accum.add() 35 | assert accum.count == 1 36 | 37 | 38 | @pytest.mark.accumulator 39 | def test_accumulator_add_three(accum): 40 | accum.add(3) 41 | assert accum.count == 3 42 | 43 | 44 | @pytest.mark.accumulator 45 | def test_accumulator_add_twice(accum): 46 | accum.add() 47 | accum.add() 48 | assert accum.count == 2 49 | 50 | 51 | @pytest.mark.accumulator 52 | def test_accumulator_cannot_set_count_directly(accum): 53 | with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match=r"property 'count' of 'Accumulator' object has no setter") as e: 54 | accum.count = 10 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/test_api.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This module contains basic API tests using requests. 3 | Their purpose is to show how to use the pytest framework by example. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 | # Imports 8 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 | 10 | import pytest 11 | import requests 12 | 13 | 14 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 | # Tests 16 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 | 18 | @pytest.mark.api 19 | @pytest.mark.duckduckgo 20 | def test_duckduckgo_instant_answer_api(): 21 | 22 | # Arrange 23 | url = 'https://api.duckduckgo.com/?q=python+programming&format=json' 24 | 25 | # Act 26 | response = requests.get(url) 27 | body = response.json() 28 | 29 | # Assert 30 | assert response.status_code == 200 31 | assert 'Python' in body['AbstractText'] 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/test_math.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This module contains basic unit tests for math operations. 3 | Their purpose is to show how to use the pytest framework by example. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 | # Imports 8 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 | 10 | import pytest 11 | 12 | 13 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 | # A most basic test function 15 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 | 17 | @pytest.mark.math 18 | def test_one_plus_one(): 19 | assert 1 + 1 == 2 20 | 21 | 22 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 | # A test function to show assertion introspection 24 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 | 26 | @pytest.mark.math 27 | def test_one_plus_two(): 28 | a = 1 29 | b = 2 30 | c = 3 31 | assert a + b == c 32 | 33 | 34 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 | # A test function that verifies an exception 36 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 | 38 | @pytest.mark.math 39 | def test_divide_by_zero(): 40 | with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError) as e: 41 | num = 1 / 0 42 | 43 | assert 'division by zero' in str(e.value) 44 | 45 | 46 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 | # A parametrized test function 48 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 | 50 | products = [ 51 | (2, 3, 6), # postive integers 52 | (1, 99, 99), # identity 53 | (0, 99, 0), # zero 54 | (3, -4, -12), # positive by negative 55 | (-5, -5, 25), # negative by negative 56 | (2.5, 6.7, 16.75) # floats 57 | ] 58 | 59 | @pytest.mark.math 60 | @pytest.mark.parametrize('a, b, product', products) 61 | def test_multiplication(a, b, product): 62 | assert a * b == product 63 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/test_ui.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | This module contains basic UI tests using Playwright. 3 | Their purpose is to show how to use the pytest framework by example. 4 | """ 5 | 6 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 | # Imports 8 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 | 10 | import pytest 11 | import re 12 | 13 | from playwright.sync_api import Page, expect 14 | 15 | 16 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 | # Tests 18 | # -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 | 20 | @pytest.mark.ui 21 | @pytest.mark.acme_bank 22 | def test_acme_bank_login(page: Page): 23 | 24 | # Arrange 25 | page.goto('https://demo.applitools.com/') 26 | 27 | # Act 28 | page.locator('id=username').fill('andy') 29 | page.locator('id=password').fill('i<3pandas') 30 | page.locator('id=log-in').click() 31 | 32 | # Assert 33 | expect(page.locator('div.logo-w')).to_be_visible() 34 | expect(page.locator('ul.main-menu')).to_be_visible() 35 | expect(page.get_by_text('Add Account')).to_be_visible() 36 | expect(page.get_by_text('Make Payment')).to_be_visible() 37 | expect(page.get_by_text('View Statement')).to_be_visible() 38 | expect(page.get_by_text('Request Increase')).to_be_visible() 39 | expect(page.get_by_text('Pay Now')).to_be_visible() 40 | 41 | warning_msg = re.compile(r'Your nearest branch closes in:( \d+[hms])+') 42 | expect(page.locator('id=time')).to_have_text(warning_msg) 43 | 44 | acceptable_statuses = ['Complete', 'Pending', 'Declined'] 45 | actual_statuses = page.locator('span.status-pill + span').all_text_contents() 46 | for status in actual_statuses: 47 | assert status in acceptable_statuses 48 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------