├── CITATION.cff ├── README.md ├── documents └── chess_embedding_slides.pdf └── images ├── chess_embedding_poster.png ├── chess_embedding_thumbnail.png └── chess_embedding_thumbnail_vector.svg /CITATION.cff: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # YAML 1.2 2 | --- 3 | abstract: | 4 | "The advent of machine learning models that surpass human decision-making ability in complex domains has initiated a movement towards building AI systems that interact with humans. Many building blocks are essential for this activity, with a central one being the algorithmic characterization of human behavior. While much of the existing work focuses on aggregate human behavior, an important long-range goal is to develop behavioral models that specialize to individual people and can differentiate among them. 5 | To formalize this process, we study the problem of behavioral stylometry, in which the task is to identify a decision-maker from their decisions alone. We present a transformer-based approach to behavioral stylometry in the context of chess, where one attempts to identify the player who played a set of games. Our method operates in a few-shot classification framework, and can correctly identify a player from among thousands of candidate players with 98% accuracy given only 100 labeled games. Even when trained on amateur play, our method generalises to out-of-distribution samples of Grandmaster players, despite the dramatic differences between amateur and world-class players. Finally, we consider more broadly what our resulting embeddings reveal about human style in chess, as well as the potential ethical implications of powerful methods for identifying individuals from behavioral data." 6 | authors: 7 | - 8 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 9 | family-names: "McIlroy-Young" 10 | given-names: Reid 11 | - 12 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 13 | family-names: Wang 14 | given-names: Russell 15 | - 16 | affiliation: "Microsoft Research" 17 | family-names: Sen 18 | given-names: Siddhartha 19 | - 20 | affiliation: "Cornell University" 21 | family-names: Kleinberg 22 | given-names: Jon 23 | - 24 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 25 | family-names: Anderson 26 | given-names: Ashton 27 | cff-version: "1.2.0" 28 | date-released: 2021-12-09 29 | message: "If you use our model, please cite the original paper" 30 | repository-code: "https://github.com/CSSLab/behavioral-stylometry" 31 | url: "https://maiachess.com" 32 | title: "Detecting Individual Decision-Making Style: Exploring Behavioral Stylometry in Chess" 33 | version: "1.0.0" 34 | preferred-citation: 35 | type: conference-paper 36 | authors: 37 | - 38 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 39 | family-names: "McIlroy-Young" 40 | given-names: Reid 41 | - 42 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 43 | family-names: Wang 44 | given-names: Russell 45 | - 46 | affiliation: "Microsoft Research" 47 | family-names: Sen 48 | given-names: Siddhartha 49 | - 50 | affiliation: "Cornell University" 51 | family-names: Kleinberg 52 | given-names: Jon 53 | - 54 | affiliation: "Universiy of Toronto" 55 | family-names: Anderson 56 | given-names: Ashton 57 | journal: "Thirty-Fifth Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems" 58 | volume: 34 59 | title: "Detecting Individual Decision-Making Style: Exploring Behavioral Stylometry in Chess" 60 | year: 2021 61 | ... 62 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Detecting Individual Decision-Making Style: Exploring Behavioral Stylometry in Chess 2 |

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5 | 6 | ## Code 7 | 8 | Due to the sensitive nature of our model the code is not available for direct download. Please contact the corresponding author ([Reid McIlroy-Young](https://reidmcy.com)) for access to the code. 9 | 10 | Contact information can be found in the [paper](https://openreview.net/forum?id=9RFFgpQAOzk), on Reid's [website](https://reidmcy.com) or you can contact Reid on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/reidmcy). 11 | 12 | 13 | ## Poster 14 | 15 | ![](images/chess_embedding_poster.png) 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /documents/chess_embedding_slides.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSLab/behavioral-stylometry/608db704feb0f467aebca3d52bdc35f1c50b6e7a/documents/chess_embedding_slides.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/chess_embedding_poster.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSLab/behavioral-stylometry/608db704feb0f467aebca3d52bdc35f1c50b6e7a/images/chess_embedding_poster.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/chess_embedding_thumbnail.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CSSLab/behavioral-stylometry/608db704feb0f467aebca3d52bdc35f1c50b6e7a/images/chess_embedding_thumbnail.png --------------------------------------------------------------------------------