├── .gitignore
├── README.md
└── fb-rotate.c


/.gitignore:
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 1 | # xcode noise
 2 | *.mode1v3
 3 | *.mode2v3
 4 | *.pbxuser
 5 | *.perspective 
 6 | *.perspectivev3
 7 | *.pyc 
 8 | *~.nib/
 9 | */build/*
10 | *.app/
11 | 
12 | 
13 | 
14 | # Textmate - if you build your xcode projects with it
15 | *.tm_build_errors
16 | 
17 | # old skool
18 | .svn
19 | 
20 | # osx noise
21 | .DS_Store
22 | profile
23 | 
24 | ## generic files to ignore
25 | *~
26 | *.lock
27 | *.DS_Store
28 | *.swp
29 | *.out
30 | 
31 | # for this git directory: fb-rotate
32 | fb-rotate
33 | 
34 | 


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/README.md:
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  1 | 
  2 | Display Rotation for the Mac: fb-rotate
  3 | =======================================
  4 | 
  5 | A Unix utility able to rotate the display on any Mac, including the internal display on Apple notebooks, and able to switch the primary display, the one with the menu bar, back and forth between displays.
  6 | 
  7 | WARNING!
  8 | ========
  9 | 
 10 | On Recent Macbooks running Sierra and El Capitan:
 11 | 
 12 | After a 90 or 270 degree rotation, the dislay fails, the computer and applications are still running, keyboard works, but the display is black. After a reset and restart, the screen is turned and fb-rotate continues to work for everything (including the -i and -l options in my tests), but the 90 and 270 rotations again cause the display to fail.
 13 | 
 14 | The 180 degree rotation works fine.
 15 | 
 16 | This utility depends on a private Apple API. We have had a ten year run. It was bound to stop working eventually. I will keep playing, but I'm not hopeful.
 17 | 
 18 | WARNING!
 19 | ========
 20 | 
 21 | Compiling fb-rotate
 22 | -------------------
 23 | 
 24 | Assuming you have Xcode installed, you can compile the C-code yourself on any Mac OS from 10.3 to 10.11. 
 25 | 
 26 | In the Terminal app, after you've changed the current directory to the one `fb-rotate.c` is stored, using
 27 | 
 28 |      cd <path to the directory>
 29 | 
 30 | then,
 31 | 
 32 |      gcc -w -o fb-rotate fb-rotate.c -framework IOKit -framework ApplicationServices
 33 | 
 34 | will compile the utility.
 35 | 
 36 | 
 37 | Use of fb-rotate
 38 | ----------------
 39 | 
 40 | The l-option (list):
 41 | 
 42 |      fb-rotate -l
 43 | 
 44 | will list the display id's, e.g. in Terminal,
 45 |  
 46 |      $ ./fb-rotate -l
 47 |      Display ID       Resolution
 48 |      0x19156030       1280x800                  [main display]
 49 |      0x76405c2d       1344x1008 
 50 | 
 51 | The i-option (info):
 52 | 
 53 |      fb-rotate -i
 54 | 
 55 | will list the display id's with other information, e.g.
 56 | 
 57 |      $ ./fb-rotate -i
 58 |      #  Display_ID  Resolution  ____Display_Bounds____  Rotation    
 59 |      0  0x19156030  1280x800       0     0  1280   800      0    [main][internal]
 60 |      1  0x76405c2d  1344x1008   1280     0  2624  1008      0    
 61 |      Mouse Cursor Position:  (   528 ,   409 )
 62 | 
 63 | (Unlike the file: `com.apple.windowserver.plist`, fb-rotate's information is always accurate and current.)
 64 | 
 65 | The d (display) and r (rotate) options :
 66 | 
 67 |      fb-rotate -d 0 -r 180
 68 | 
 69 | will rotate the main display 180 degrees, e.g.
 70 | 
 71 |      $ ./fb-rotate -d 0 -r 180
 72 |      $ ./fb-rotate -i
 73 |      #  Display_ID  Resolution  ____Display_Bounds____  Rotation
 74 |      0  0x19156030  1280x800       0     0  1280   800    180    [main][internal]
 75 |      1  0x76405c2d  1344x1008   1280     0  2624  1008      0    
 76 |      Mouse Cursor Position:  (  1047 ,   359 )
 77 | 
 78 | (You can rotate to the 0, 90 and 270 degree orientations as well.)
 79 | 
 80 | Also,
 81 | 
 82 |      fb-rotate -d <display ID> -r 0
 83 | 
 84 | will rotate the display with the indicated ID back to the standard orientation, e.g.
 85 | 
 86 |      $ ./fb-rotate -d 0x19156030 -r 0
 87 |      $ ./fb-rotate -i
 88 |      #  Display_ID  Resolution  ____Display_Bounds____  Rotation
 89 |      0  0x19156030  1280x800       0     0  1280   800      0    [main][internal]
 90 |      1  0x76405c2d  1344x1008   1280     0  2624  1008      0    
 91 |      Mouse Cursor Position:  (   226 ,   103 )
 92 | 
 93 | (Again, you can also rotate to the 90, 180 and 270 degree orientations.)
 94 | 
 95 | Further, there are shortcuts: 
 96 | 
 97 | When using the `-d` option,
 98 | 
 99 | - `-1` is a short cut for the `<display ID>` of the internal monitor,
100 | - `0`  is a short cut for the `<display ID>` of the main monitor,
101 | - `1`  is a short cut for the `<display ID>` of the first non-internal monitor.
102 | 
103 | When using the `-r` option,
104 | 
105 | - `-r 1` toggles between the 0 and 90 degree orientations.
106 | 
107 | 
108 | Finally, the m-option (main):
109 | 
110 |      fb-rotate -d <display ID> -m
111 | 
112 | will set the display with the indicated ID to be the primary (main) display that has the menu bar, e.g.
113 | 
114 |      $ ./fb-rotate -d 0x76405c2d -m
115 |      $ ./fb-rotate -i
116 |      #  Display_ID  Resolution  ____Display_Bounds____  Rotation
117 |      1  0x76405c2d  1344x1008      0     0  1344  1008      0    [main]
118 |      0  0x19156030  1280x800   -1280     0     0   800      0    [internal]
119 |      Mouse Cursor Position:  (  1122 ,   438 )
120 | 
121 | 
122 | 
123 | Downloads
124 | ---------
125 | 
126 | [A binary version of fb-rotate][fb-rotate] is available at Modbookish, a forum focused on the [Axiotron Modbook][Modbook].
127 | 
128 | 
129 | Caveats
130 | -------
131 | 
132 | Warning: Some white MacBooks (2006-2008), namely those using Intel's integrated graphics, have difficulty rotating to the 90º or 270º orientations and the resulting display may be difficult to use. 
133 | 
134 | 
135 | Credits and License 
136 | -------------------
137 | 
138 | The original code for fb-rotate comes from a programming example in
139 | the book **Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach** by Amit Singh (© 2006). The source is made available under the GNU General Public License (GPL). For more information, see the book's associated web site: [http://osxbook.com][osxbook]
140 | 
141 | Changes were made by [Eric Nitardy][ericn] (© 2010) which have to be made available under the same license.
142 | 
143 | [osxbook]: http://osxbook.com
144 | [ericn]: http://cdlbb.github.com
145 | [fb-rotate]: http://modbookish.lefora.com/topic/3513246/A-Unix-Utility-to-Change-the-Primary-Display-on-OSX/
146 | [Modbook]: http://www.modbook.com
147 | 
148 | 
149 | 


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/fb-rotate.c:
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  1 | // fb-rotate.c
  2 | //
  3 | // Compile with: 
  4 | // gcc -w -o fb-rotate fb-rotate.c -framework IOKit -framework ApplicationServices
  5 |    
  6 | #include <getopt.h>
  7 | #include <IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsLib.h>
  8 | #include <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>
  9 |    
 10 | #define PROGNAME "fb-rotate"
 11 | #define MAX_DISPLAYS 16
 12 |    
 13 | // kIOFBSetTransform comes from <IOKit/graphics/IOGraphicsTypesPrivate.h>
 14 | // in the source for the IOGraphics family
 15 | 
 16 | 
 17 | enum {
 18 |     kIOFBSetTransform = 0x00000400,
 19 | };
 20 |    
 21 | void
 22 | usage(void)
 23 | {
 24 |     fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s -l\n"
 25 |                     "       %s -i\n"
 26 |                     "       %s -d <display ID> -m\n"
 27 |                     "       %s -d <display ID> -r <0|90|180|270|1>\n"
 28 | 	            "\n"
 29 | 	            "-r 1 signfies 90 if currently not rotated; otherwise 0 (i.e. toggle)\n"
 30 | 	            "\n"
 31 | 	            "-d -1 can be used for the <display ID> of the internal monitor\n"
 32 | 	            "-d 0  can be used for the <display ID> of the main monitor\n"
 33 | 	            "-d 1  can be used for the <display ID> of the first non-internal monitor\n",
 34 |                     PROGNAME, PROGNAME, PROGNAME, PROGNAME);
 35 |     exit(1);
 36 | }
 37 |    
 38 | void
 39 | listDisplays(void)
 40 | {
 41 |    CGDisplayErr      dErr;
 42 |     CGDisplayCount    displayCount, i;
 43 |     CGDirectDisplayID mainDisplay;
 44 |     CGDisplayCount    maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
 45 |     CGDirectDisplayID onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS];
 46 |    
 47 |     mainDisplay = CGMainDisplayID();
 48 |    
 49 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
 50 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
 51 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
 52 |         exit(1);
 53 |     }
 54 |    
 55 |     printf("Display ID       Resolution\n");
 56 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
 57 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
 58 |         printf("0x%-14x %lux%lu %32s", dID,
 59 |                CGDisplayPixelsWide(dID), CGDisplayPixelsHigh(dID),
 60 |                (dID == mainDisplay) ? "[main display]\n" : "\n");
 61 |     }
 62 |    
 63 |     exit(0);
 64 | }
 65 |    
 66 | void
 67 | infoDisplays(void)
 68 | {
 69 |     CGDisplayErr      dErr;
 70 |     CGDisplayCount    displayCount, i;
 71 |     CGDirectDisplayID mainDisplay;
 72 |     CGDisplayCount    maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
 73 |     CGDirectDisplayID onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS];
 74 |     
 75 |     CGEventRef ourEvent = CGEventCreate(NULL);
 76 |     CGPoint ourLoc = CGEventGetLocation(ourEvent);
 77 |     
 78 |     CFRelease(ourEvent);
 79 |     
 80 |     mainDisplay = CGMainDisplayID();
 81 |    
 82 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
 83 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
 84 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
 85 |         exit(1);
 86 |     }
 87 |    
 88 |     printf("#  Display_ID    Resolution  ____Display_Bounds____  Rotation\n");
 89 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
 90 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
 91 |         printf("%-2d 0x%-10x  %4lux%-4lu  %5.0f %5.0f %5.0f %5.0f    %3.0f    %s%s%s",
 92 |                CGDisplayUnitNumber (dID), dID,
 93 |                CGDisplayPixelsWide(dID), CGDisplayPixelsHigh(dID),
 94 |                CGRectGetMinX (CGDisplayBounds (dID)),
 95 |                CGRectGetMinY (CGDisplayBounds (dID)),
 96 |                CGRectGetMaxX (CGDisplayBounds (dID)),
 97 |                CGRectGetMaxY (CGDisplayBounds (dID)),           
 98 |                CGDisplayRotation (dID),
 99 |                (CGDisplayIsActive (dID)) ? "" : "[inactive]",
100 |                (dID == mainDisplay) ? "[main]" : "",
101 |                (CGDisplayIsBuiltin (dID)) ? "[internal]\n" : "\n");
102 |     }
103 |     
104 |     printf("Mouse Cursor Position:  ( %5.0f , %5.0f )\n",
105 |                (float)ourLoc.x, (float)ourLoc.y);
106 |    
107 |     exit(0);
108 | }
109 | 
110 | void
111 | setMainDisplay(CGDirectDisplayID targetDisplay)
112 | {
113 |     int				   deltaX, deltaY, flag;
114 |     CGDisplayErr       dErr;
115 |     CGDisplayCount     displayCount, i;
116 |     CGDirectDisplayID mainDisplay;
117 |     CGDisplayCount     maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
118 |     CGDirectDisplayID  onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS]; 
119 | 	CGDisplayConfigRef config;
120 | 
121 | 	mainDisplay = CGMainDisplayID();
122 | 	
123 | 	if (mainDisplay == targetDisplay) {
124 | 	exit(0);
125 | 	}
126 | 	
127 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
128 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
129 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
130 |         exit(1);
131 |     }
132 | 	
133 | 	flag = 0;
134 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
135 |     	CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
136 | 			if (dID == targetDisplay) { flag = 1; }
137 | 	}	
138 | 	if (flag == 0) {
139 |         fprintf(stderr, "No such display ID: 0x%-10x.\n", targetDisplay);
140 |         exit(1);
141 |     }
142 | 
143 | 	deltaX = -CGRectGetMinX (CGDisplayBounds (targetDisplay));
144 |     deltaY = -CGRectGetMinY (CGDisplayBounds (targetDisplay));
145 | 
146 |     CGBeginDisplayConfiguration (&config);
147 |     
148 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
149 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
150 |     
151 |     CGConfigureDisplayOrigin (config, dID,
152 |     	CGRectGetMinX (CGDisplayBounds (dID)) + deltaX,
153 |     	CGRectGetMinY (CGDisplayBounds (dID)) + deltaY );
154 | 	}
155 | 
156 |     CGCompleteDisplayConfiguration (config, kCGConfigureForSession);
157 |    
158 |    
159 |     exit(0);
160 | }
161 | 
162 | 
163 | CGDirectDisplayID
164 | InternalID(void) {
165 |    // returns the ID of the internal monitor;
166 |     CGDisplayErr      dErr;
167 |     CGDisplayCount    displayCount, i;
168 |     CGDisplayCount    maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
169 |     CGDirectDisplayID onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS];
170 |     CGDirectDisplayID fallbackID = 0;
171 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
172 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
173 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
174 |         exit(1);
175 |     }
176 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
177 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
178 | 	if ((CGDisplayIsBuiltin (dID))) {
179 | 	  return dID;
180 | 	}
181 |     }
182 |     return fallbackID;
183 | }
184 | 
185 | 
186 | CGDirectDisplayID
187 | nonInternalID(void) {
188 |    // returns the ID of the first active monitor that is not internal or 0 if only one monitor;
189 |     CGDisplayErr      dErr;
190 |     CGDisplayCount    displayCount, i;
191 |     CGDisplayCount    maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
192 |     CGDirectDisplayID onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS];
193 |     CGDirectDisplayID fallbackID = 0;
194 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
195 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
196 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
197 |         exit(1);
198 |     }
199 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
200 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
201 | 	if (!(CGDisplayIsBuiltin (dID)) && (CGDisplayIsActive (dID))) {
202 | 	  return dID;
203 | 	}
204 |     }
205 |     return fallbackID;
206 | }
207 | 
208 | 
209 | 
210 | CGDirectDisplayID
211 | cgIDfromU32(uint32_t preId)
212 | {
213 |     CGDisplayErr      dErr;
214 |     CGDisplayCount    displayCount, i;
215 |     CGDisplayCount    maxDisplays = MAX_DISPLAYS;
216 |     CGDirectDisplayID onlineDisplays[MAX_DISPLAYS];
217 |     CGDirectDisplayID postId = preId;
218 |     
219 |     dErr = CGGetOnlineDisplayList(maxDisplays, onlineDisplays, &displayCount);
220 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
221 |         fprintf(stderr, "CGGetOnlineDisplayList: error %d.\n", dErr);
222 |         exit(1);
223 |     }
224 |     for (i = 0; i < displayCount; i++) {
225 |         CGDirectDisplayID dID = onlineDisplays[i];
226 |         if ((dID == preId) || (dID == postId) ||
227 |             (onlineDisplays[i] == preId) || (onlineDisplays[i] == postId)) {
228 |             return dID;
229 |         }
230 |     }
231 |     fprintf(stderr, " Could not find a matching id in onlineDisplays!\n");
232 |     exit(1);
233 | }
234 | 
235 | IOOptionBits
236 | angle2options(long angle)
237 | {
238 |     static IOOptionBits anglebits[] = {
239 |                (kIOFBSetTransform | (kIOScaleRotate0)   << 16),
240 |                (kIOFBSetTransform | (kIOScaleRotate90)  << 16),
241 |                (kIOFBSetTransform | (kIOScaleRotate180) << 16),
242 |                (kIOFBSetTransform | (kIOScaleRotate270) << 16)
243 |            };
244 |                                  
245 |     if ((angle % 90) != 0) // Map arbitrary angles to a rotation reset
246 |         return anglebits[0];
247 |    
248 |     return anglebits[(angle / 90) % 4];
249 | }
250 |    
251 | int
252 | main(int argc, char **argv)
253 | {
254 |     int  i;
255 |     long angle = 0;
256 |     long currentRotation = 0;
257 |    
258 |     io_service_t      service;
259 |     CGDisplayErr      dErr;
260 |     CGDirectDisplayID targetDisplay = 0;
261 |     IOOptionBits      options;
262 |    
263 |     while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "d:limr:")) != -1) {
264 |         switch (i) {
265 |         case 'd':
266 |             targetDisplay = (CGDirectDisplayID)strtoul(optarg, NULL, 16);
267 |             if (targetDisplay == -1)
268 |                 targetDisplay = InternalID();
269 |             if (targetDisplay == 0)
270 |                 targetDisplay = CGMainDisplayID();
271 |             if (targetDisplay == 1) {
272 |                 targetDisplay = nonInternalID();
273 |                 if (targetDisplay == 0) {
274 |                   fprintf(stderr, "Could not find an active monitor besides the internal one.\n");
275 |                   exit(1);
276 | 		      }
277 |             }
278 |             break;
279 |         case 'l':
280 |             listDisplays();
281 |             break;
282 |         case 'i':
283 |             infoDisplays();
284 |             break;
285 |         case 'm':
286 |             setMainDisplay(targetDisplay);
287 |             break;
288 |         case 'r':
289 |             angle = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
290 |             break;
291 |         default:
292 |             break;
293 |         }
294 |     }
295 |    
296 |     if (targetDisplay == 0)
297 |         usage();
298 | 
299 |     if (angle == 1) {
300 |         currentRotation = CGDisplayRotation (targetDisplay);
301 |         if (currentRotation == 0) {
302 | 	  angle = 90;
303 | 	} else {
304 |           angle = 0;
305 | 	}
306 |     }
307 |    
308 |     options = angle2options(angle);
309 |    
310 |     // Get the I/O Kit service port of the target display
311 |     // Since the port is owned by the graphics system, we should not destroy it
312 | 
313 |     // in Yosemite it seems important to have a call to CGGetOnlineDisplayList() before calling
314 |     // CGDisplayIOServicePort() or the later replacements CGDisplayVendorNumber() etc.
315 |     // otherwise this program can hang.
316 |     CGDirectDisplayID td2 = cgIDfromU32(targetDisplay);
317 |     service = CGDisplayIOServicePort(td2);
318 |    
319 |     // We will get an error if the target display doesn't support the
320 |     // kIOFBSetTransform option for IOServiceRequestProbe()
321 |     dErr = IOServiceRequestProbe(service, options);
322 |     if (dErr != kCGErrorSuccess) {
323 |         fprintf(stderr, "IOServiceRequestProbe: error %d\n", dErr);
324 |         exit(1);
325 |     }
326 |    
327 |     exit(0);
328 | }
329 | 


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