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Maintained by myself for [personal](https://ethan-gates.com/talks/2018-02-20-talk-5) and [professional](https://www.softwarepreservationnetwork.org/emulation-as-a-service-infrastructure) reasons, but pull requests welcome! 3 | 4 | If you have never contributed to GitLab before, feel free to [file a new issue](https://gitlab.com/EG-tech/emulation-resources/issues) with a link and I'll add it! Or just ping me [elsewhere](https://digipres.club/@The_BFOOL). 5 | 6 | There is a related companion repository for disk imaging resources at [disk-imaging-resources](https://gitlab.com/EG-tech/disk-imaging-resources) 7 | 8 | ## Contents 9 | - [Emulators](#emulators) 10 | - [Software Download Sites](#software-download-sites) 11 | - [Setup Guides](#setup-guides) 12 | - [Hobby Sites and Computer History Resources](#hobby-sites-and-computer-history-resources) 13 | - [Emulators Written in JavaScript](#emulators-written-in-javascript) 14 | - [Hardware Emulators](#hardware-emulators) 15 | - [Bibliography](#bibliography) 16 | --- 17 | 18 | ## Emulators 19 | Organized by target system. 20 | 21 | #### x86 PCs 22 | - [DOSBox](https://www.dosbox.com/) (DOS-based x86 PCs) 23 | - [DOSBox-X](https://dosbox-x.com/) (fork of DOSBox, aimed for general system emulation over video games) 24 | - [DOSBox Staging](https://github.com/dosbox-staging/dosbox-staging) (fork of DOSBox, arguably more modern + regularly updated) 25 | - [PCem](http://pcem-emulator.co.uk/) (x86 PCs) 26 | - [86Box](https://86box.net/) (x86 PCs, fork of PCem) 27 | - [Bochs](http://bochs.sourceforge.net/) (x86 PC emulation) 28 | - [Microsoft Virtual PC](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=3702) (x86 PC virtualization) 29 | - [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) (x86 PC virtualization) 30 | - [VMware](https://www.vmware.com/products/personal-desktop-virtualization.html) (x86 PC virtualization) - I think Workstation Player is the current free product/version for Windows + Linux, and Fusion for Macs, but good luck sorting that out 31 | - [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) (x86 PC virtualization) 32 | - [Qiwi](https://gitlab.com/eg-tech/qiwi) (QEMU launcher; cross-platform Python app; developed by yours truly, feedback welcome :smile: ) 33 | - [QEMU Manager](http://www.davereyn.co.uk/) (QEMU front-end; for Windows) 34 | - [AQEMU](https://github.com/tobimensch/aqemu) (QEMU front-end, not actively developed and must be compiled from source) 35 | - [UTM](https://mac.getutm.app/) (QEMU front-end, for macOS) 36 | - [Virtual Machine Manager](https://virt-manager.org/) (can be used as a QEMU front-end but largely targeted at managing modern KVM virtual machines/virtualization rather than emulation) 37 | - [qemu-virgil](https://snapcraft.io/qemu-virgil) (QEMU build with the [Virgil 3D](https://virgil3d.github.io/) rendering library pre-configured; Linux-only Snap) 38 | - [qemu-screamer](https://github.com/mcayland/qemu) (QEMU fork with experimental sound support for PowerPC MacOS guests; must build from source) 39 | - [Windows95.js](https://github.com/felixrieseberg/windows95) (Windows 95 image running in v86 - a JavaScript PC emulator, see [JS emulators](#emulators-written-in-javascript) - packaged as a desktop app) 40 | 41 | #### Apple 42 | - [OpenEmulator](https://github.com/openemulator/openemulator) (Apple I and Apple II series, for MacOS) 43 | - [microM8](https://paleotronic.com/software/microm8/download/) (Apple II) 44 | - [AppleWin](https://github.com/applewin/applewin) (Apple II series, for Windows) 45 | - [LinApple](http://linapple.sourceforge.net/index.html) (AppleWin port for Linux) 46 | - [Virtual II](https://www.virtualii.com/) (Apple II, for MacOS) 47 | - [KEGS](http://kegs.sourceforge.net/) (Apple IIgs) 48 | - [GSPlus](https://apple2.gs/plus/) (Apple IIgs, based on KEGS, nice interface) 49 | - [GSport](https://david-schmidt.github.io/gsport/) (Apple IIgs, based on KEGS, ethernet and printing cabaility) 50 | - [Crossrunner](https://www.crossrunner.gs/faq#h.joz3qmpdadze) (Apple IIgs, for Windows) 51 | - [LisaEm](https://lisa.sunder.net/) (Apple Lisa, for macOS + Linux) 52 | - [Advanced Mac Substitute](https://www.v68k.org/advanced-mac-substitute/) (68k Mac emulator w/no need for ROMs or system software) 53 | - [Shoebill](https://github.com/pruten/shoebill) (Macintosh II, IIx and IIcx emulator that runs A/UX) 54 | - [Mini vMac](https://www.gryphel.com/c/minivmac/index.html) (early 68k Macs) 55 | - [µvMac "Micro vMac"](https://github.com/InvisibleUp/uvmac) (fork of Mini vMac intended for a cleaner code base and user configuration, but doesn't really work yet; worth keeping an eye on) 56 | - [Snow](https://github.com/twvd/snow) (Classic Macs, in dev) 57 | - [Basilisk II](https://basilisk.cebix.net/) (later 68k Macs) 58 | - [Macintosh.js](https://github.com/felixrieseberg/macintosh.js/) (MacOS 8 image running in JavaScript port of Basilisk, packaged as a desktop app) 59 | - [SheepShaver](https://sheepshaver.cebix.net/) (PowerPC Macs) 60 | - [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) (also does PowerPC emulation, OS 9.2.x-OSX) 61 | - [DingusPPC](https://github.com/dingusdev/dingusppc) (experimental PowerPC Mac emulation; can not yet actually boot MacOS) 62 | - .... and keeping an eye on [Spoiled Apples](https://avpres.net/Spoiled_Apples/) 63 | 64 | #### Commodore 65 | - [CCS64](http://ccs64.com/) (Commodore 64, for Windows) 66 | - [VICE](http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/) (Commodore series) 67 | - [UAE](https://amiga.technology/) (Amiga series) 68 | - [WinUAE](http://www.winuae.net/) (port for Windows) 69 | - [FS-UAE](https://fs-uae.net/) (port for Mac, Linux, Windows) 70 | - [Amiga Forever](https://www.amigaforever.com/) (Amiga, commercial product) 71 | - [WinFellow](https://petschau.github.io/WinFellow/) (Amiga) 72 | 73 | #### Acorn 74 | - [BeebEm](http://www.mkw.me.uk/beebem/) (BBC Micro + Master 128) 75 | - [Arculator](http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/arculator/index.html) (Acorn Archimedes) 76 | - [ArcEm](http://arcem.sourceforge.net/) (Acorn Archimedes) 77 | - [RPCEmu](http://www.marutan.net/rpcemu/index.php) (various Acorn + RiscPC machines) 78 | - [VirtualRPC](http://www.virtualacorn.co.uk/product.htm) (RiscPC, commercial product) 79 | 80 | #### Amstrad 81 | - [Caprice32](https://github.com/colinpitrat/caprice32) (CPC series) 82 | - [JavaCPC Desktop](https://sourceforge.net/projects/javacpc/) (CPC series) 83 | - [WinAPE](http://www.winape.net/) (CPC series, for Windows) 84 | - [CP/M Box](https://www.habisoft.com/pcw/en.htm) (PCW series, for Windows) 85 | - [JOYCE](https://www.seasip.info/Unix/Joyce/index.html) (PCW series) 86 | - [Ana Rosa](https://www.habisoft.com/pcw16/en.htm) (PcW16, for Windows) 87 | 88 | #### Atari 89 | - [Hatari](https://github.com/hatari/hatari) (Atari ST/STE/TT/Falcon) 90 | - [Steem SSE](https://sourceforge.net/projects/steemsse/) (Atari ST, for Windows + Linux) 91 | 92 | #### Wang 93 | - [Wang3300](https://www.wang3300.org/emu.html) and [Wang2200](https://www.wang2200.org/emu.html) (Wang mini/microcomputer series emulators) 94 | - [QDAE](https://www.seasip.info/Unix/QDAE/) (Apricot series and Wang Professional Computer) 95 | 96 | #### Xerox 97 | - [ContrAlto](https://github.com/livingcomputermuseum/ContrAlto) (Xerox Alto) 98 | - [ContrAlto2](https://github.com/jdersch/Contralto2) (beta-status rewrite/update of ContrAlto, more actively maintained) 99 | - [Salto](http://toastytech.com/guis/salto.html) (Xerox Alto, for Windows) 100 | - [Dark Star](https://github.com/livingcomputermuseum/Darkstar) (Xerox Star 8010) 101 | - [Medley Interlisp](https://interlisp.org/) (not an emulator per se; modern re-write of the Medley Lisp IDE running on a portable VM, but could be used to run Lisp-based code/software in a modern environment) 102 | 103 | #### PalmOS 104 | - [Mu](https://meepingsnesroms.github.io/) 105 | - [POSE (Palm OS Emulator)](https://palmdb.net/app/palm-emulator) (for Windows) 106 | - [CloudpilotEmu](https://cloudpilot-emu.github.io/) (POSE ported to a web app via Emscripten) 107 | 108 | #### Android 109 | - [Android Emulator](https://developer.android.com/studio/run/emulator) (built-in Android device emulator included in downloads for all systems with Android Studio) 110 | - [Android-x86](https://www.android-x86.org/) (**not an emulator**; but this is a port of the Android operating system to x86 architecture, which allows it to be run as a guest in x86 PC emulators like QEMU or VirtualBox) 111 | 112 | #### Multi-System 113 | - [Clock Signal](https://github.com/tomharte/CLK) (a variety of common 8- and 16-bit PC systems) 114 | - [Hercules](http://www.hercules-390.org/) (Mainframe sysytems, including: IBM System/370, ESA/390, z/Architecture) 115 | - [MAME/MESS](https://www.mamedev.org/) ([wide variety](http://www.progettoemma.net/mess/) of arcade/video game machines and vintage CPUs) 116 | - [PCE](http://www.hampa.ch/pce/) (Atari ST, IBM PC5150, and 68k Mac emulation) 117 | - [QEMU](https://www.qemu.org/) (can also do various SPARC, MiPS, ARM, RISC-V, and other machines, see https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Platforms) 118 | - [SimH](http://simh.trailing-edge.com/) (Multi-system early microprocessor emulator) 119 | - [Retro Virtual Machine](https://www.retrovirtualmachine.org/) (various Amstrad, MSX, Sega machines, ZX Spectrum) 120 | 121 | #### Other 122 | - [AlmostTI](https://fms.komkon.org/ATI85/) (Texas Instruments Z80-based graphing calculators) 123 | - [Blackberry Simulator series](https://www.softpedia.com/dyn-search.php?search_term=blackberry+simulator&) (Blackberry mobile devices, for Windows) 124 | - [Ersatz-11](http://dbit.com/) (DEC PDP-11) 125 | - [KLH10](http://klh10.trailing-edge.com/) (DEC PDP-10 series) 126 | - [Previous](http://previous.alternative-system.com/) (NeXT machines) 127 | - [Ruffle](https://ruffle.rs/) (Flash Player emulator) 128 | - [z100](https://github.com/mdblack/Zenith-Z-100) (Zenith Z-100) 129 | 130 | ## Software Download Sites 131 | 132 | I have generally had luck with these sites, but be careful out there. (WinWorld is usually the first stop, then try others) 133 | 134 | - [ArchiveOS](https://archiveos.org/) 135 | - [Asimov](https://ftp.apple.asimov.net) 136 | - [BeBytes](https://www.be.wildman-productions.org/index.php) 137 | - [Bitsavers](http://bitsavers.org/bits) 138 | - [Dave's Old Computers](http://www.classiccmp.org/dunfield/img/index.htm) 139 | - [Hobbes OS/2 Archive](https://hobbes.nmsu.edu/) 140 | - [Internet Archive Software Collection](https://archive.org/details/software) 141 | - [The Lost Archives](https://lostarchives.org/category/) 142 | - [Macintosh Garden](http://macintoshgarden.org/) 143 | - [Macintosh Repository](https://www.macintoshrepository.org) 144 | - [Mac GUI](https://www.macgui.com/) 145 | - [NeXT File Archive](http://www.nextcomputers.org/NeXTfiles/) 146 | - [crawls of Oldapps.com](https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.oldapps.com/) 147 | *Note: downloads on the live site at Oldapps.com stopped working some time ago (c. 2017 or 2018), but you can sometimes still snag what you need by going to a Wayback Machine crawl from before that* 148 | - [Old versions of Linux](https://soft.lafibre.info/) 149 | - [OSBoxes](https://www.osboxes.org/) 150 | - [PalmDB](https://palmdb.net/) 151 | - [PulkoMandy's BeOS software archive](http://pulkomandy.tk/~beosarchive/) 152 | - [Retrocomputing Archive](http://www.retroarchive.org/) 153 | - [Software Heritage source code archive](https://archive.softwareheritage.org/) 154 | - [QEMU Advent Calendars](https://www.qemu-advent-calendar.org/) 155 | - [The U-M Software Archives](https://websites.umich.edu/~archive/) 156 | - [Vetusware.com](https://www.vetusware.com/) 157 | - [Windows Update Restored](http://windowsupdaterestored.com/) 158 | - [WinWorld](https://winworldpc.com/home) 159 | 160 | #### ROMS 161 | ssshhh 162 | - https://github.com/macmade/Macintosh-ROMs 163 | - https://www.macintoshrepository.org/7038-all-macintosh-roms-68k-ppc 164 | - [SPARC system ROMs](https://github.com/itomato/NeXTSPARC/tree/master/ROMs/SPARC) 165 | - [RISC OS ROMs](https://www.4corn.co.uk/aview.php?sPath=/roms) 166 | 167 | #### Drivers 168 | - [Drivers for QEMU's emulated devices](http://www.claunia.com/qemu/drivers/) 169 | - [Drivers Library](http://www.driverslib.com/) 170 | - [VOGONS Vintage Drivers](http://vogonsdrivers.com/) 171 | 172 | 173 | ## Setup Guides 174 | 175 | #### QEMU 176 | - [QEMU QED](https://eaasi.gitlab.io/program_docs/qemu-qed) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210219201541/https://eaasi.gitlab.io/program_docs/qemu-qed/)) 177 | - [QEMU Wikibooks info/guides](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/QEMU) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210218214031/https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/QEMU)) 178 | - [QEMU Tutorials, Computer History Wiki](http://gunkies.org/wiki/Category:QEMU_Tutorials) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20190911061951/http://gunkies.org:80/wiki/Category:QEMU_Tutorials)) 179 | - ["How to install Windows 1/2 in QEMU"](https://computernewb.com/wiki/How_to_install_Windows_1/2_in_QEMU) 180 | - [QEMU and mouse integration in DOS, Windows 3.x, Windows 95](http://ostimeline.org/wctablet) 181 | - ["How Linux got to be Linux: Test driving 1993-2003 distros"](https://opensource.com/article/16/12/yearbook-linux-test-driving-distros) (includes relevant QEMU configurations and tips for a bunch of older Linux OSes) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201108121819/https://opensource.com/article/16/12/yearbook-linux-test-driving-distros)) 182 | - ["Build your own SPARC with QEMU and Solaris"](https://learn.adafruit.com/build-your-own-sparc-with-qemu-and-solaris?view=all) (how to set up and configure Solaris with qemu-system-sparc) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20200819152940/https://learn.adafruit.com/build-your-own-sparc-with-qemu-and-solaris?view=all)) 183 | - [Getting Started with Solaris 2.6](https://gekk.info/articles/solaris26.htm) (builds off the previous tutorial, adds instructions for running/using particular programs) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20200610003130/https://gekk.info/articles/solaris26.htm)) 184 | - ["Running Dano (BeOS) in Qemu"](https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/running-dano-in-qemu/4354) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210219202855/https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/running-dano-in-qemu/4354)) 185 | - ["OS/2 Warp 4 and QEMU"](https://sites.mpc.com.br/ric/qemu/index.html) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201025063943/http://sites.mpc.com.br/ric/qemu/index.html)) 186 | - ["QEMU with OS/2 Warp 3 as Guest"](https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/QEMU/OS2WarpV3_guest) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201001152447/https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/QEMU/OS2WarpV3_guest)) 187 | - ["Running Mac OS X as a QEMU/KVM Guest"](https://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~somlo/OSXKVM/) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210124131818/https://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~somlo/OSXKVM/)) 188 | - ['How to run Android in QEMU to Play 3D Android Games on Linux](https://linuxhint.com/android_qemu_play_3d_games_linux/) 189 | 190 | #### VirtualBox 191 | - Socket 3's VirtualBox setup guides: 192 | - [MS-DOS 6.22 & Windows 3.1](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2016/08/25/install-configure-ms-dos-6-22-and-windows-3-1-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 193 | - [Windows 95](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2016/09/06/install-configure-windows-95-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 194 | - [Windows 98](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2018/10/28/install-configure-windows-98-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 195 | - [Windows NT 3.1](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2016/12/18/install-configure-windows-nt-3-1-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 196 | - [OS/2 Warp 4.52](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2017/04/02/install-configure-ibm-os2-warp-4-52-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 197 | - [BeOS R5.1D](https://socket3.wordpress.com/2020/03/01/install-configure-beos-r5-1d-using-oracle-virtualbox/) 198 | - [Windows 95/98 Guest OSes in VirtualBox](https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=33359&start=30) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210219202504/https://forums.virtualbox.org/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=33359&start=30)) 199 | - [Running NeXTSTEP in VirtualBox](https://sites.google.com/site/benvirtualbox/home/nextstep) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201006153754/https://sites.google.com/site/benvirtualbox/home/nextstep)) 200 | - [Installing NextStep OS (OpenStep) in VirtualBox](https://stuffjasondoes.com/2018/07/25/installing-nextstep-os-openstep-on-virtualbox-in-2018/) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201128130349/https://stuffjasondoes.com/2018/07/25/installing-nextstep-os-openstep-on-virtualbox-in-2018/)) 201 | - ["Build your own BeBox and run BeOS using Virtualbox"](https://learn.adafruit.com/build-a-bebox-with-beos-and-virtualbox?view=all#overview) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201029012617/https://learn.adafruit.com/build-a-bebox-with-beos-and-virtualbox?view=all)) 202 | - ["OS/2 on Virtualbox Guide"](https://gekk.info/articles/os2.html) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031214848/https://gekk.info/articles/os2.html)) 203 | 204 | #### Macs 205 | - [A Guide to Legacy Mac Emulators](https://patchbay.tech/2018/05/21/a-guide-to-legacy-mac-emulators/) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201125013621/https://patchbay.tech/2018/05/21/a-guide-to-legacy-mac-emulators/)) 206 | - [E-maculation How-Tos](https://emaculation.com/doku.php) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210104032116/https://emaculation.com/doku.php)) 207 | - [Redundant Robot SheepShaver Tutorial](http://www.redundantrobot.com/sheepshaver) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20201118135240/https://www.redundantrobot.com/sheepshaver)) 208 | 209 | #### Other 210 | - [DOSBox Wiki](https://www.dosbox.com/wiki/Basic_Setup_and_Installation_of_DosBox) ([Wayback](https://web.archive.org/web/20210128214159/http://www.dosbox.com/wiki/Basic_Setup_and_Installation_of_DosBox)) 211 | - ["How do I activate Windows XP nowadays (in 2019)?](https://superuser.com/questions/1502796/how-do-i-activate-windowsxp-now-that-support-has-ended) 212 | 213 | 214 | ## Hobby Sites and Computer History Resources 215 | I've received many questions about where I get information about using and configuring old operating systems (and troubleshooting them with various emulation applications). Short answer: wherever search engines take me, even if it's a random forum post from 2004. But there are some vintage computing hobbyist sites and resources that have popped up more often, so a shoutout to those here: 216 | 217 | - [4corn Computers](https://www.4corn.co.uk) 218 | - [Amit Singh (kernelthread.com)](http://www.kernelthread.com/) 219 | - [Apple Fandom Wiki](https://apple.fandom.com/wiki/Main_Screen) 220 | - [Awesome Computer History](https://github.com/watson/awesome-computer-history) 221 | - [Centre for Computing History](http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/pages/590/Search-Our-Archive/) 222 | - [Commodore Computers](https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.commodore.ca/) 223 | - [Computer History Museum](https://computerhistory.org/) 224 | - [Computer History Wiki](http://gunkies.org/wiki/Main_Page) 225 | - [Computer Hope](https://www.computerhope.com/) 226 | - [David and Steve's Blog](https://www.savagetaylor.com/) 227 | - [E-maculation forum](https://www.emaculation.com/forum/) 228 | - [Emulation General wiki](https://emulation.gametechwiki.com/index.php/Main_Page) 229 | - [EveryMac.com](https://everymac.com/) 230 | - [Halt and Catch Fire Syllabus](https://bits.ashleyblewer.com/halt-and-catch-fire-syllabus/) 231 | - [Infinite Mac](https://blog.persistent.info/2022/03/blog-post.html) 232 | - [System6.app](https://system6.app/) 233 | - [System7.app](https://system7.app/) 234 | - [MacOS8.app](https://macos8.app/) 235 | - [MacOS9.app](https://macos9.app/) 236 | - [Info-Mac](https://www.info-mac.org/) 237 | - [Interlisp bibliography](https://www.zotero.org/groups/2914042/interlisp/library) 238 | - [IT History Society](https://www.ithistory.org/) 239 | - [KnowledgeBase Archive](https://jeffpar.github.io/kbarchive/) 240 | - [kraxel's news](https://www.kraxel.org/blog/) 241 | - [The Linux Documentation Project](https://www.tldp.org/index.html) 242 | - [Low End Mac](https://lowendmac.com/) 243 | - [Macintosh Librarian](http://www.maclibrarian.com/) 244 | - [Macintosh System Error Codes Explained (PreOSX)](http://www.macwizard.com/errors.html) 245 | - [Microsoft Update Catalog](https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx) 246 | - [NeXT Computers](http://www.nextcomputers.org/) 247 | - [Old Computer Museum](http://www.oldcomputermuseum.com/default.htm) 248 | - [Old-Computers.com](https://www.old-computers.com/museum/default.asp) 249 | - [Oldlinux.org](http://oldlinux.org/) 250 | - [The OS Files](https://web.archive.org/web/20200729003129/http://www.osfiles.com/) 251 | - [OS/2 Museum](http://www.os2museum.com/wp/) 252 | - [RetroWeb Vintage Computer Museum](http://retroweb.maclab.org/) 253 | - [Siber-Sonic World O' Apple & Macintosh](https://siber-sonic.com/mac/index.html) 254 | - [Socket 3: Bits & Bytes on Retro Computing](https://socket3.wordpress.com/) 255 | - [System 7 Today](http://forums.system7today.com/) 256 | - [Toasty Tech's GUI Gallery](http://toastytech.com/guis/index.html) 257 | - [TOSEC - The Old School Emulation Center](https://www.tosecdev.org/) 258 | - [The Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive](/PDFs/Computer_Acronyms_Archive.pdf) 259 | - [VintageApple.org](https://vintageapple.org/) 260 | - [Virtually Fun](https://virtuallyfun.com/wordpress/) 261 | - [What is the Apple IIGS](https://www.whatisthe2gs.apple2.org.za/final-assault.html) 262 | 263 | I should also mention that the Internet Archive frequently has scanned manuals, magazines and self-help books that you can download or check out from their [eBook library](https://archive.org/details/texts)! 264 | 265 | ## Emulators Written in JavaScript 266 | 267 | Many of the emulators listed above and more have been ported to [JavaScript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript), enabling them to be hosted and embedded on web pages and run by a browser. This is, for instance, how Internet Archive does their in-browser console and early PC emulation (e.g. with Em-DOSBox, a JS port of DOSBox, and JSMESS, a JS port of MAME/MESS). 268 | 269 | JavaScript emulation has many advantages, especially that it makes emulated computers widely and quickly shareable. However, it passes much of the computing load on to client browsers - the entire emulator application, plus whatever operating system and applications or files the user wants to view, have to get downloaded into the user's browser. So it makes a lot of sense for early systems that barely take up much storage space or computing power by modern standards, but trying to run anything from ~2000 on (e.g. Windows XP and up) or the size of a CD-ROM runs the risk of unexpected/slow behavior, crashing the browser or client system, etc. 270 | 271 | There are A LOT of emulators written in JavaScript, and I have found an already-existing list organized very similar to my own, so instead of recreating that work I will just link it here: 272 | 273 | - [Emulators written in Javascript](https://github.com/fcambus/jsemu), by @fcampbus on GitHub 274 | 275 | 276 | ## Hardware Emulators 277 | [Hardware emulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_emulation) refers to the process of imitating one piece of hardware with another piece of hardware. Its utility is a little unclear in preservation and archiving use cases - part of the advantage of software emulation is the portability and flexibility of working in virtual environments. 278 | 279 | Hardware emulation projects are frequently pushed forward by retro-computing and gaming hobbyists who want, for example, to maintain and use legacy computers without relying on fragile and no-longer-produced digital media (i.e. floppy disks, CD-ROMs) or parts. 280 | 281 | They're pretty neat though, so I thought I'd include them here. 282 | 283 | #### Floppy Drive Emulators 284 | - [HxC](https://hxc2001.com/) 285 | - [Floppy Emu](https://www.bigmessowires.com/floppy-emu/) 286 | - [GOTEK](https://www.philscomputerlab.com/gotek-floppy-emulator.html) 287 | 288 | #### FPGAs 289 | - [MiSTer](https://www.retrorgb.com/mister.html) 290 | 291 | ## Bibliography 292 | For some time, I maintained a bilbiography here of published resources related to emulation and software/digital preservation, including blog posts, journal articles, use cases, discussions of copyright consideration, training modules, and more. It ultimately grew to a point that GitLab/markdown was not a great place to keep adding to it. 293 | 294 | I have instead moved those citations and resources to a [collection on my Zotero account](https://www.zotero.org/ethan-gates/collections/ERZIYJ3T). Going forward, I will add new resources I find there - do check it out, as that page now has everything I previously linked in this repo and more. (This bibliography has also been copied/mirrored to the Software Preservation Network's [public Zotero](https://www.zotero.org/software-preservation/library)); much thanks to the SPN Training & Education working group for accepting my contribution!) 295 | 296 | 297 | ### Repository Copyright 298 |

299 | 301 | CC0 302 | 303 |
304 | To the extent possible under law, 305 | https://github.com/EG-tech/emulation-resources 307 | has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to 308 | emulation-resources. 309 |

310 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------