├── .gitignore ├── tests ├── xor64_linux_1round.bin ├── fnstenv_linux_1round.bin ├── alpha_mixed_linux_1round.bin ├── shikata_ga_nai_linux_1round.bin └── call4_dword_xor_linux_1round.bin ├── .travis.sh ├── .travis.yml ├── install.py ├── README.md ├── constants.py ├── decoder.py └── LICENSE /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/.gitignore -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/xor64_linux_1round.bin: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/tests/xor64_linux_1round.bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/fnstenv_linux_1round.bin: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/tests/fnstenv_linux_1round.bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/alpha_mixed_linux_1round.bin: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/tests/alpha_mixed_linux_1round.bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.travis.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ./decoder.py -h 2 | ./decoder.py -s 3 | ./decoder.py -m x86_32 -d -f tests/xor64_linux_1round.bin 4 | #TODO: more tests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/shikata_ga_nai_linux_1round.bin: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/tests/shikata_ga_nai_linux_1round.bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/call4_dword_xor_linux_1round.bin: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ETeissonniere/EliDecode/HEAD/tests/call4_dword_xor_linux_1round.bin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.travis.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | language: python 2 | python: 3 | - "2.7" 4 | 5 | before_script: 6 | - export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/samples/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 7 | - export cc=gcc 8 | - sudo chmod +x decoder.py 9 | - sudo chmod +x install.py 10 | - sudo chmod +x .travis.sh 11 | - sudo ./install.py --unicorn --capstone 12 | 13 | script: ./.travis.sh 14 | 15 | compiler: 16 | - gcc 17 | 18 | os: 19 | - linux 20 | 21 | install: 22 | - sudo apt-get update -y 23 | - sudo apt-get install -y libglib2.0-dev -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /install.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python 2 | 3 | import argparse 4 | from os import popen, system, getuid 5 | from sys import exit 6 | 7 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Install EliDecode and the dependencies') 8 | parser.add_argument('--unicorn', dest='unicorn', help='install the unicorn-engine', required=False, action='store_true') 9 | parser.add_argument('--capstone', dest='capstone', help='install the capstone-engine', required=False, action='store_true') 10 | parser.add_argument('--decode', dest='decode', help='clone / update EliDecode', required=False, action='store_true') 11 | 12 | args = parser.parse_args() 13 | 14 | # Check if we are root 15 | if getuid() != 0: 16 | print "Error: please run me as root to install unicorn and capstone..." 17 | exit(2) 18 | 19 | # Check if git exist 20 | if system('git version') != 0: 21 | print "Error: you need git" 22 | exit(1) 23 | 24 | if args.unicorn: 25 | print "Cloning unicorn..." 26 | popen("git clone https://github.com/unicorn-engine/unicorn") 27 | print "Installing unicorn" 28 | popen("cd unicorn && ./make.sh install && cd bindings/python && sudo make install") 29 | print "Cleaning..." 30 | popen("rm -Rf unicorn") 31 | print "Done!" 32 | 33 | if args.capstone: 34 | print "Cloning capstone..." 35 | popen("git clone https://github.com/aquynh/capstone") 36 | print "Installing capstone" 37 | popen("cd capstone && ./make.sh install && cd bindings/python && sudo make install") 38 | print "Cleaning..." 39 | popen("rm -Rf capstone") 40 | print "Done!" 41 | 42 | if args.decode: 43 | print "Cloning EliDecode..." 44 | popen("https://github.com/DeveloppSoft/EliDecode") 45 | print "Done!" 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # EliDecode 2 | EliDecode is a tool to decode obfuscated shellcodes using the [unicorn-engine](https://unicorn-engine.org) for the emulation and the [capstone-engine](https://capstone-engine.org) to print the asm code. 3 | Please note I should post news on my [website](https://developpsoft.github.io). 4 | 5 | # Architectures 6 | EliDecode support 6 architectures, and I will add new ones as soon as possible :smile:. 7 | Here is the updated list: 8 | - x86 (16, 32 and 64 bits) 9 | - arm (thumb, 32 and 64 bits) 10 | - mips (3, 32, 32r6 and 64 __little and big endian__) 11 | 12 | # Installing 13 | Just install python 2 (I may upgrade it to python 3 later...) and use install.py :smile:. 14 | For example: 15 | ```sh 16 | sudo apt install python python-dev python-setuptools git 17 | git clone https://github.com/DeveloppSoft/EliDecode 18 | cd EliDecode 19 | sudo ./install.py --unicorn --capstone 20 | ./decoder.py --help 21 | ``` 22 | 23 | # Contributing 24 | You can contribute in many ways like reporting bugs, adding new features, donating... 25 | 26 | # Credits 27 | EliDecode is a fork of [unicorn-decoder](https://github.com/mothran/unicorn-decoder). 28 | ======= 29 | THE tool to decode obfuscated shellcodes using the unicorn engine by [DeveloppSoft](https://developpsoft.github.io), original repo [here](https://github.com/DeveloppSoft/EliDecode). 30 | It currently support 6 architectures and more are coming (see the TODO list) !! 31 | 32 | 33 | # Install 34 | ``` 35 | git clone https://github.com/unicorn-engine/unicorn 36 | cd unicorn 37 | sudo ./make.sh install 38 | cd bindings/python 39 | sudo make install 40 | 41 | cd ../.. 42 | 43 | git clone https://github.com/aquynh/capstone 44 | cd capstone 45 | sudo ./make.sh install 46 | cd bindings/python 47 | make install 48 | 49 | cd ../.. 50 | 51 | git clone https://github.com/DeveloppSoft/EliDecode 52 | cd EliDecode/Eli.Decode 53 | python decoder.py --help 54 | ``` 55 | 56 | 57 | # Usage 58 | ## Coming soon... 59 | 60 | 61 | # Contributing 62 | You can contribute to EliDecode by: 63 | ## Donating 64 | If you like my work, please considermaking a donation (button coming soon). 65 | ## Coding 66 | Please do pull requests to improve EliDecode by adding to features. 67 | ## Reporting 68 | If you have problems with EliDecode please open an issue. 69 | ## Ideas 70 | If you know how to improve EliDecode but don't know how to do it, don't hesistate to open an issue! 71 | ## Sharing and promoting 72 | You can share EliDecode if you want (under the terms of the license), for example by speaking about it on your website or making videos. 73 | ## Everything else... 74 | There is many unquoted ways to contribute... 75 | 76 | 77 | # TODO 78 | - [x] x86_16 79 | - [x] x86_32 80 | - [x] x86_64 81 | - [x] arm_thumb 82 | - [x] arm32 83 | - [x] arm64 84 | - [x] mips_3 85 | - [x] mips_32 86 | - [x] mips_32r6 87 | - [x] mips_64 88 | - [ ] build as a python module 89 | - [ ] add nice colors 90 | - [ ] add more testcases 91 | 92 | 93 | # Credits 94 | This code is based on unicorn-decoder. Finally, I want to thanks everybody which gave me time there. 95 | 96 | 97 | # Contributors 98 | - DeveloppSoft: project's owner (https://github.com/DeveloppSoft). 99 | - Nguyen Anh Quynh: fixed markdown, made the capstone and unicorn engines (https://github.com/aquynh). 100 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /constants.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Copyright 2016 DeveloppSoft 2 | # 3 | # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 4 | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 5 | # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 6 | # (at your option) any later version. 7 | # 8 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 9 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 10 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 11 | # GNU General Public License for more details. 12 | # 13 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 14 | # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 15 | # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, 16 | # MA 02110-1301, USA. 17 | # 18 | # 19 | 20 | # Contains the constants for the decoder 21 | 22 | 23 | # Import the constants 24 | from unicorn import * 25 | from unicorn.x86_const import * 26 | from unicorn.arm_const import * 27 | from unicorn.arm64_const import * 28 | from unicorn.mips_const import * 29 | 30 | from capstone import * 31 | 32 | 33 | # The constants ! 34 | const = { 35 | "x86_16": { 36 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_X86, 37 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_16, 38 | "stack": UC_X86_REG_ESP, 39 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 40 | "instr": UC_X86_REG_EIP, 41 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_X86, 42 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_16 43 | }, 44 | "x86_32": { 45 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_X86, 46 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_32, 47 | "stack": UC_X86_REG_ESP, 48 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 49 | "instr": UC_X86_REG_EIP, 50 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_X86, 51 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_32 52 | }, 53 | "x86_64": { 54 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_X86, 55 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_64, 56 | "stack": UC_X86_REG_RSP, 57 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 58 | "instr": UC_X86_REG_RIP, 59 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_X86, 60 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_64 61 | }, 62 | "arm_thumb": { 63 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_ARM, 64 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_THUMB, 65 | "stack": UC_ARM_REG_SP, 66 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 67 | "instr": UC_ARM_REG_PC, 68 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_ARM, 69 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_THUMB 70 | }, 71 | "arm32": { 72 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_ARM, 73 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_ARM, 74 | "stack": UC_ARM_REG_SP, 75 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 76 | "instr": UC_ARM_REG_PC, 77 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_ARM, 78 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_ARM 79 | }, 80 | "arm64": { 81 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_ARM64, 82 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_ARM, 83 | "stack": UC_ARM_REG_SP, 84 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 85 | "instr": UC_ARM_REG_PC, 86 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_ARM, 87 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_ARM 88 | }, 89 | "mips3_big": { 90 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 91 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS3 + UC_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN, 92 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 93 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 94 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 95 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 96 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS3 + CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN 97 | }, 98 | "mips32_big": { 99 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 100 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS32 + UC_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN, 101 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 102 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 103 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 104 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 105 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS32 + CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN 106 | }, 107 | "mips32R6_big": { 108 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 109 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS32R6 + UC_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN, 110 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 111 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 112 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 113 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 114 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS32R6 + CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN 115 | }, 116 | "mips64_big": { 117 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 118 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS64 + UC_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN, 119 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 120 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 121 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 122 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 123 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS64 + CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN 124 | }, 125 | "mips3_little": { 126 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 127 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS3 + UC_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, 128 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 129 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 130 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 131 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 132 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS3 + CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN 133 | }, 134 | "mips32_little": { 135 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 136 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS32 + UC_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, 137 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 138 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 139 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 140 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 141 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS32 + CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN 142 | }, 143 | "mips32R6_little": { 144 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 145 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS32R6 + UC_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, 146 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 147 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 148 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 149 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 150 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS32R6 + CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN 151 | }, 152 | "mips64_little": { 153 | "uc_arch": UC_ARCH_MIPS, 154 | "uc_mode": UC_MODE_MIPS64 + UC_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN, 155 | "stack": UC_MIPS_REG_SP, 156 | "stack_val": 0x2000, 157 | "instr": UC_MIPS_REG_PC, 158 | "cs_arch": CS_ARCH_MIPS, 159 | "cs_mode": CS_MODE_MIPS64 + CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN 160 | }, 161 | } 162 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /decoder.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/python3 2 | 3 | # Ignored if python 3 4 | from __future__ import print_function 5 | 6 | VERSION = "1.2r" 7 | CODENAME = "Phoenix" 8 | 9 | import sys 10 | 11 | from unicorn import * 12 | from capstone import * 13 | 14 | from constants import const 15 | 16 | import argparse 17 | 18 | 19 | class SimpleEngine: 20 | def __init__(self, const): 21 | cs_arch = const["cs_arch"] 22 | cs_mode = const["cs_mode"] 23 | self.capmd = Cs(cs_arch, cs_mode) 24 | 25 | def disas_single(self, data, addr): 26 | self.disas_all(data, addr, 1) 27 | 28 | # We use -1 since bool(-1) is False because python2's false is different from python2's False 29 | def disas_all(self, data, addr, single=0): 30 | if sys.version[0] != "2": 31 | # We need to encode the data or we will have a TypeError 32 | # UTF-8 should be the best one 33 | data = data.encode("utf-8") 34 | for i in self.capmd.disasm(data, addr): 35 | print(" 0x%x:\t%s\t%s" % (i.address, i.mnemonic, i.op_str)) 36 | if single: 37 | break 38 | 39 | # globals for the hooks 40 | write_bounds = [None, None] 41 | 42 | def mem_reader(uc, addr, size): 43 | tmp = uc.mem_read(addr, size) 44 | 45 | for i in tmp: 46 | print(" 0x%x" % i, end="") 47 | print("") 48 | 49 | # bail out on INT 0x3 (0xCC) 50 | def hook_intr(uc, intno, user_data): 51 | if intno == 0x3: 52 | return False; 53 | else: 54 | return True 55 | 56 | def hook_mem_invalid(uc, access, address, size, value, user_data): 57 | eip = uc.reg_read(uc.eli_const["instr"]) 58 | 59 | if access == UC_MEM_WRITE: 60 | print("invalid WRITE of 0x%x at 0x%X, data size = %u, data value = 0x%x" % (address, eip, size, value)) 61 | if access == UC_MEM_READ: 62 | print("invalid READ of 0x%x at 0x%X, data size = %u" % (address, eip, size)) 63 | 64 | return False 65 | 66 | def hook_smc_check(uc, access, address, size, value, user_data): 67 | SMC_BOUND = 0x200 68 | eip = uc.reg_read(uc.eli_const["instr"]) 69 | 70 | # Just check if the write target addr is near EIP 71 | if abs(eip - address) < SMC_BOUND: 72 | if write_bounds[0] == None: 73 | write_bounds[0] = address 74 | write_bounds[1] = address 75 | elif address < write_bounds[0]: 76 | write_bounds[0] = address 77 | elif address > write_bounds[1]: 78 | write_bounds[1] = address 79 | 80 | def hook_mem_read(uc, access, address, size, value, user_data): 81 | print("mem READ: 0x%x, data size = %u, data value = 0x%x" % (address, size, value)) 82 | print("Printing near deref:") 83 | mem_reader(uc, address, 32) 84 | 85 | return True 86 | 87 | def hook_code(uc, addr, size, user_data): 88 | mem = uc.mem_read(addr, size) 89 | uc.disasm.disas_single(str(mem), addr) 90 | return True 91 | 92 | # Using new JIT blocks as a heuristic could really add to the simple SMC system if implemented correctly. 93 | # TODO: attempt to make a new-block based heuristic, I am thinking repeated addresses / size of blocks, 94 | # maybe even disasm them and poke around. 95 | 96 | def main(): 97 | # Print version banner 98 | print("EliDecode started!") 99 | print("Version: " + VERSION) 100 | print("Codename: " + CODENAME) 101 | print("Author: DeveloppSoft") 102 | print("License: GNU GPL") 103 | print("") 104 | 105 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Decode supplied x86 / x64 shellcode automatically with the unicorn engine') 106 | parser.add_argument('-f', '--file', dest='file', help='file to shellcode binary file', required=False) 107 | parser.add_argument('-m', '--mode', dest='mode', help='mode of the emulator (use --show-modes to have a list)', required=False, default="x86_32") 108 | parser.add_argument('-i', '--instructions', dest='max_instruction', help='max instructions to emulate', required=False) 109 | parser.add_argument('-d', '--debug', dest='debug', help='enable extra hooks for debugging of shellcode', required=False, default=False, action='store_true') 110 | parser.add_argument('-s', '--show-modes', dest='show_modes', help='list the modes', required=False, action="store_true") 111 | parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', dest='output', help='write the binary dump of the decoded shellcode', required=False) 112 | 113 | args = parser.parse_args() 114 | 115 | if args.show_modes: 116 | for mode in const: 117 | print(mode) 118 | sys.exit(0) 119 | 120 | if not args.file or not args.mode: 121 | print("Bad commandline, try --help") 122 | sys.exit(1) 123 | 124 | try: 125 | with open(args.file, "rb") as file: 126 | bin_code = file.read() 127 | except FileNotFoundError: 128 | print("File not found") 129 | sys.exit(-1) 130 | 131 | disas_engine = SimpleEngine(const[args.mode]) 132 | 133 | uc_arch = const[args.mode]["uc_arch"] 134 | uc_mode = const[args.mode]["uc_mode"] 135 | 136 | PAGE_SIZE = 2 * 1024 * 1024 137 | START_RIP = 0x0 138 | 139 | # setup engine and write the memory there. 140 | emu = Uc(uc_arch, uc_mode) 141 | emu.disasm = disas_engine # python is silly but it works. 142 | emu.eli_const = const[args.mode] 143 | emu.mem_map(0, PAGE_SIZE) 144 | # write machine code to be emulated to memory 145 | emu.mem_write(START_RIP, bin_code) 146 | 147 | # write a INT 0x3 near the end of the code blob to make sure emulation ends 148 | emu.mem_write(len(bin_code) + 0xff, b"\xcc\xcc\xcc\xcc") 149 | 150 | emu.hook_add(UC_HOOK_MEM_INVALID, hook_mem_invalid) 151 | emu.hook_add(UC_HOOK_MEM_WRITE, hook_smc_check) 152 | emu.hook_add(UC_HOOK_INTR, hook_intr) 153 | 154 | if args.debug: 155 | emu.hook_add(UC_HOOK_MEM_READ, hook_mem_read) 156 | emu.hook_add(UC_HOOK_CODE, hook_code) 157 | 158 | # arbitrary address for ESP. 159 | emu.reg_write(const[args.mode]["stack"], const[args.mode]["stack_val"]) 160 | 161 | if args.max_instruction: 162 | end_addr = -1 163 | else: 164 | args.max_instruction = 0x1000 165 | end_addr = len(bin_code) 166 | 167 | try: 168 | emu.emu_start(START_RIP, end_addr, 0, int(args.max_instruction)) 169 | except UcError as e: 170 | print("ERROR: %s" % e) 171 | 172 | if write_bounds[0] != None: 173 | print("Shellcode address ranges:") 174 | print(" low: 0x%X" % write_bounds[0]) 175 | print(" high: 0x%X" % write_bounds[1]) 176 | print("") 177 | print("Decoded shellcode:") 178 | mem = emu.mem_read(write_bounds[0], (write_bounds[1] - write_bounds[0])) 179 | emu.disasm.disas_all(str(mem), write_bounds[0]) 180 | if args.output: 181 | with open(args.output, "wb") as f: 182 | f.write(mem) 183 | print("Wrote %s bytes in %s" % (str(len(mem)), args.output)) 184 | else: 185 | print("No SMC hits, no encoder detected") 186 | 187 | if __name__ == '__main__': 188 | main() 189 | 190 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------