├── pyconz ├── __init__.py ├── zigpy_utils.py ├── utils.py ├── protocol.py ├── zigpy_integ.py └── connection.py ├── .gitignore ├── README.md ├── tests └── test_app.py ├── serial_proxy.py ├── demo.py └── LICENSE /pyconz/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | __pycache__ 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyconz/zigpy_utils.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from .connection import Address, AddressType 2 | import zigpy.types 3 | 4 | def addr_to_zigpy_ieee(addr: Address): 5 | import zigpy.types 6 | if isinstance(addr, str): 7 | return zigpy.types.EUI64([int(i, 16) for i in addr.split(':')]) 8 | if isinstance(addr, Address): 9 | assert addr.mode == AddressType.IEEE 10 | addr_v = addr.addr 11 | else: 12 | addr_v = addr 13 | l = [] 14 | assert addr_v 15 | while len(l) < 8: 16 | l.append(zigpy.types.uint8_t(addr_v % 256)) 17 | addr_v //= 256 18 | return zigpy.types.EUI64(l) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyconz/utils.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import struct 2 | from . import protocol 3 | 4 | 5 | class Buffer: 6 | def __init__(self, data): 7 | self.data = data 8 | self.cmd, self.seq, self.status, self.frame_len= self.pop(' tuple 17 | l = struct.calcsize(fmt) 18 | return struct.unpack(fmt, self.pop_raw(l)) 19 | 20 | def pop_int(self, fmt): 21 | # type: (str) -> int 22 | return self.pop(fmt)[0] 23 | 24 | def pop_enum(self, fmt, cls): 25 | # type: (str, type) -> object 26 | return cls(self.pop(fmt)[0]) 27 | 28 | def pop_raw(self, l): 29 | buf = self.data[:l] 30 | self.data = self.data[l:] 31 | return buf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ### pyconz 2 | 3 | 4 | [pyconz](https://github.com/Equidamoid/pyconz) is a Python implementation for the [Zigpy](https://github.com/zigpy/) project to implement [deCONZ](https://www.dresden-elektronik.de/funktechnik/products/software/pc/deconz/) based [Zigbee](https://www.zigbee.org) radio devices. 5 | 6 | This uses the deCONZ serial protocol for communicating with [ConBee](https://www.dresden-elektronik.de/conbee/) and [RaspBee](https://www.dresden-elektronik.de/raspbee/) adapters from [Dresden-Elektronik](https://github.com/dresden-elektronik/). 7 | 8 | 9 | #### Current status 10 | 11 | Library supports basic protocol features: 12 | - Getting network parameters 13 | - Receiving data messages (and decoding them if possible using zigpy). 14 | - In theory, sending data messages, but I can't really generate proper payload to test it yet. 15 | 16 | #### Development 17 | 18 | You will need python3 and some dependences: 19 | 20 | # of course, it's better to use virtualenv and/or packet manager 21 | pip install pyserial sliplib zigpy 22 | 23 | There is a demo.py script that opens the connection and prints incoming data to stderr. 24 | 25 | Note! Documentation of the deCONZ serial protocol can currently be obtained by contancting Dresden-Elektronik employees via GitHub here https://github.com/dresden-elektronik/deconz-rest-plugin/issues/158 26 | 27 | Pull requests are welcome! 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tests/test_app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import pytest 2 | import binascii 3 | from pyconz.app import SerialConnection, crc, Message, Address 4 | from pyconz.utils import Buffer 5 | from pyconz import protocol 6 | 7 | # device status 8 | test_msg07 = binascii.unhexlify(b'0701000800aa000244ff') 9 | 10 | # incoming data 11 | test_msg17 = binascii.unhexlify(b'1702002b0024002a0200000103336a0e00002618840304010600070018880a0000100000af1faa000104ab04fb') 12 | 13 | # network info -> mac address 14 | test_msg0a_mac = binascii.unhexlify(b'0a05001000090001e77f01ffff2e210023fc') 15 | 16 | 17 | def test_checksum(): 18 | for msg in test_msg07, test_msg17, test_msg0a_mac: 19 | assert crc(msg[:-2]) == msg[-2:] 20 | pass 21 | 22 | 23 | def test_header(): 24 | b = Buffer(test_msg07) 25 | assert b.status == protocol.Status.SUCCESS 26 | assert b.seq == 1 27 | assert b.cmd == protocol.CommandId.DEVICE_STATE 28 | assert len(b.data) == 5 29 | 30 | b = Buffer(test_msg17) 31 | assert b.status == protocol.Status.SUCCESS 32 | assert b.seq == 2 33 | assert b.cmd == protocol.CommandId.APS_DATA_INDICATION 34 | 35 | b = Buffer(test_msg0a_mac) 36 | assert b.status == protocol.Status.SUCCESS 37 | assert b.seq == 5 38 | assert b.cmd == protocol.CommandId.READ_PARAMETER 39 | 40 | 41 | def test_incoming(): 42 | b = Buffer(test_msg17) 43 | msg, st = Message.from_buffer(b) 44 | assert msg 45 | assert msg.src == Address(protocol.AddressType.IEEE, 0x84182600000e6a33, 3) 46 | assert msg.dest == Address(protocol.AddressType.NWK, 0, 1) 47 | assert msg.cluster_id == 0x6 48 | assert msg.profile_id == 0x0104 49 | decoded = msg.deserialize() 50 | assert decoded[0] == 136 51 | assert decoded[1] == 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /serial_proxy.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import asyncio 2 | import serial.aio 3 | import serial 4 | import typing 5 | import logging 6 | import binascii 7 | 8 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() 9 | 10 | 11 | class SocketForwardingProtocol(asyncio.Protocol): 12 | def __init__(self, tty): 13 | self.peer = tty # type: ProxyConnection 14 | self.transport = None # type: asyncio.Transport 15 | 16 | def data_received(self, data): 17 | if not self.peer: 18 | logging.error("Peer is None, wtf?") 19 | return 20 | if self.peer.transport is None: 21 | logging.error("Peer not ready") 22 | return 23 | logging.warning('cli->dev: %s', binascii.hexlify(data).decode()) 24 | self.peer.transport.write(data) 25 | 26 | def connection_made(self, transport): 27 | self.transport = transport 28 | 29 | 30 | class ProxyConnection(asyncio.Protocol): 31 | 32 | def __init__(self): 33 | self.socket = None # type: SocketForwardingProtocol 34 | self.transport = serial.aio.SerialTransport(loop, self, serial.Serial('/dev/ttyS0', baudrate=38400)) 35 | 36 | def data_received(self, data): 37 | super().data_received(data) 38 | logging.warning("dev->cli: %s", binascii.hexlify(data).decode()) 39 | if self.socket and self.socket.transport: 40 | self.socket.transport.write(data) 41 | else: 42 | logging.warning("No active socket connection") 43 | 44 | def socket_factory(self): 45 | logging.warning("Got new connection") 46 | if self.socket: 47 | logging.warning("Closing existing client socket") 48 | self.socket.transport.close() 49 | self.socket.peer = None 50 | self.socket = SocketForwardingProtocol(self) 51 | return self.socket 52 | 53 | 54 | def main(): 55 | logging.basicConfig(format='[%(asctime)s - %(message)s') 56 | pc = ProxyConnection() 57 | server = loop.create_server(pc.socket_factory, host='0.0.0.0', port=9999, reuse_address=True) 58 | asyncio.ensure_future(server) 59 | 60 | loop.run_forever() 61 | 62 | 63 | if __name__ == '__main__': 64 | main() -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyconz/protocol.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import enum 2 | import struct 3 | import collections 4 | import typing 5 | 6 | 7 | class CommandId(enum.Enum): 8 | DEVICE_STATE = 0x07 9 | CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE = 0x08 10 | READ_PARAMETER = 0x0a 11 | WRITE_PARAMETER = 0x0b 12 | DEVICE_STATE_CHANGED = 0x0e 13 | APS_DATA_REQUEST = 0x12 14 | APS_DATA_CONFIRM = 0x04 15 | APS_DATA_INDICATION = 0x17 16 | 17 | 18 | class DeviceState(enum.Enum): 19 | # NET_STATE_MASK = 3 20 | APSDE_DATA_CONFIRM = 0x04 21 | APSDE_DATA_INDICATION = 0x08 22 | CONF_CHANGED = 0x10 23 | APSDE_DATA_REQUEST = 0x20 24 | 25 | 26 | class NetworkState(enum.Enum): 27 | OFFLINE = 0 28 | JOINING = 1 29 | CONNECTED = 2 30 | LEAVING = 3 31 | 32 | 33 | class Status(enum.Enum): 34 | SUCCESS = 0 35 | FAILURE = 1 36 | BUSY = 2 37 | TIMEOUT = 3 38 | UNSUPPORTED = 4 39 | ERROR = 5 40 | NO_NETWORK = 6 41 | INVALID_VALUE = 7 42 | 43 | 44 | class AddressType(enum.Enum): 45 | Group = 1 46 | NWK = 2 47 | IEEE = 3 48 | 49 | 50 | class ApsDesignedCoordinator(enum.Enum): 51 | Coordinator = 1 52 | Router = 0 53 | 54 | 55 | class NetworkParameter(enum.Enum): 56 | MAC_ADDR = 0x01 57 | NWK_PANID = 0x05 58 | NWK_ADDR = 0x07 59 | NWK_EXTENDED_PANID = 0x08 60 | APS_DESIGNED_COORDINATOR = 0x09 61 | SECURITY_MODE = 0x10 62 | 63 | 64 | NetworkParamInfo = collections.namedtuple('NetworkParamInfo', ['format', 'str_format']) 65 | 66 | param_types = { # type: typing.Dict[NetworkParameter, NetworkParamInfo] 67 | NetworkParameter.MAC_ADDR: NetworkParamInfo('Q', '%x'), 68 | NetworkParameter.NWK_PANID: NetworkParamInfo('H', '%x'), 69 | NetworkParameter.NWK_ADDR: NetworkParamInfo('H', '%x'), 70 | NetworkParameter.NWK_EXTENDED_PANID: NetworkParamInfo('Q', '%x'), 71 | NetworkParameter.APS_DESIGNED_COORDINATOR: NetworkParamInfo('B', '%x'), 72 | NetworkParameter.SECURITY_MODE: NetworkParamInfo('B', '%x'), 73 | } 74 | 75 | 76 | def crc(s): 77 | # type: (bytes)->bytes 78 | ret = 0 79 | for i in s: 80 | ret += i 81 | c0 = (~(ret) + 1) & 0xff 82 | c1 = ((~(ret) + 1) >> 8) & 0xff 83 | ret = (c0 + (c1 << 8)) 84 | return struct.pack('H', ret) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /demo.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import serial.aio 2 | import logging 3 | import asyncio 4 | import pyconz.connection 5 | import pyconz.zigpy_integ 6 | import pyconz.apps 7 | 8 | logging.basicConfig(format='[%(asctime)s] %(message)s') 9 | logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) 10 | 11 | conn = pyconz.zigpy_integ.ZigpyConnection() 12 | 13 | 14 | async def discover_neighbours(conn, dev): 15 | # type: (pyconz.zigby_integ.ZigpyConnection, zigpy.device.Device) -> typing.List[zigpy.device.Device] 16 | results = [] 17 | results_dev = [] 18 | while True: 19 | try: 20 | status, data = await dev.zdo.request(0x0031, len(results)) 21 | except TimeoutError: 22 | logger.error("ZDO request timed out, skipping device") 23 | return [] 24 | neigbours = list(data.NeighborTableList) 25 | results += neigbours 26 | logger.warning("N disco: %d/%d", len(results), data.Entries) 27 | if data.StartIndex + len(neigbours) >= data.Entries: 28 | break 29 | 30 | logger.warning("%d neighbours discovered for dev %s:", len(results), dev) 31 | for i in results: 32 | ieee = i.IEEEAddr 33 | nwk = i.NWKAddr 34 | n_dev = await conn.get_or_create_device(ieee=ieee, nwk=nwk) 35 | results_dev.append(n_dev) 36 | logger.warning("%s", i) 37 | return results_dev 38 | 39 | 40 | async def discover_network(conn): 41 | # type: (pyconz.zigpy_integ.ZigpyConnection) -> (typing.List[zigpy.device.Device], typing.List[int]) 42 | scanned_devices = {} 43 | devices_to_scan = {conn.device.nwk: conn.device} 44 | links = [] 45 | 46 | while devices_to_scan: 47 | logger.warning("Discovery progress: todo: %d, scanned: %d, links: %d", len(devices_to_scan), len(scanned_devices), len(links)) 48 | nwk, dev = list(devices_to_scan.items())[0] 49 | scanned_devices[nwk] = dev 50 | del devices_to_scan[nwk] 51 | 52 | for dev_n in await discover_neighbours(conn, dev): 53 | nwk_n = dev_n.nwk 54 | if not nwk_n in scanned_devices: 55 | devices_to_scan[nwk_n] = dev_n 56 | links.append([nwk, nwk_n]) 57 | 58 | logger.warning('%r', links) 59 | return scanned_devices, links 60 | 61 | def do(): 62 | loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() 63 | coro = serial.aio.create_serial_connection(loop, lambda: conn, '/dev/ttyS0', baudrate=38400) 64 | loop.run_until_complete(coro) 65 | loop.run_until_complete(conn.wait_for_startup()) 66 | loop.run_until_complete(discover_network(conn)) 67 | loop.close() 68 | 69 | 70 | do() 71 | 72 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyconz/zigpy_integ.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from .connection import SerialConnection, Message, Address, AddressType 2 | from . import protocol 3 | import asyncio 4 | import zigpy.zcl 5 | import logging 6 | import zigpy.zcl.clusters 7 | import zigpy.appdb 8 | import zigpy.application 9 | import zigpy.device 10 | from .zigpy_utils import addr_to_zigpy_ieee 11 | 12 | logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) 13 | 14 | 15 | class ZigpyConnection(SerialConnection): 16 | def __init__(self): 17 | SerialConnection.__init__(self) 18 | self.app = zigpy.application.ControllerApplication('/Users/equi/PycharmProjects/raspbee/rbee/db.sqlite') 19 | self.app.request = self.zigpy_request_proxy 20 | self.app_ready = False 21 | 22 | async def zigpy_request_proxy(self, nwk, profile, cluster, src_ep, dst_ep, sequence, data, expect_reply=True, timeout=10): 23 | logger.warning('Request proxy: %s', [nwk, profile, cluster, src_ep, dst_ep, sequence, data, expect_reply, timeout]) 24 | ret = asyncio.Future() 25 | if src_ep: 26 | src_ep = 1 27 | msg = Message() 28 | msg.dest = Address(AddressType.NWK, nwk, dst_ep) 29 | msg.src = Address(AddressType.IEEE, None, src_ep) 30 | msg.profile_id = profile 31 | msg.cluster_id = cluster 32 | msg.data = data 33 | msg.request_id = sequence 34 | 35 | self.send_msg(msg) 36 | 37 | self.zigpy_futures[sequence] = ret 38 | done, pending = await asyncio.wait([ret], timeout=timeout) 39 | if ret in pending: 40 | logger.error("Request %d timed out!", sequence) 41 | raise TimeoutError() 42 | 43 | return ret.result() 44 | 45 | async def get_or_create_device(self, nwk, ieee) -> zigpy.device.Device: 46 | assert ieee 47 | try: 48 | return self.app.get_device(ieee=ieee, nwk=nwk) 49 | except KeyError: 50 | if not isinstance(ieee, zigpy.types.EUI64): 51 | ieee = addr_to_zigpy_ieee(ieee) 52 | dev = self.app.add_device(ieee, nwk) 53 | self.logger.warning("New device created, scheduling initalization and waiting") 54 | dev.schedule_initialize() 55 | 56 | # FIXME ugly! 57 | while dev.initializing: 58 | logger.warning("Waiting for initialization, status: %s", dev.status) 59 | await asyncio.sleep(1) 60 | return self.app.get_device(nwk=nwk) 61 | 62 | 63 | async def wait_for_startup(self): 64 | while not self.app_ready: 65 | await asyncio.sleep(0.1) 66 | 67 | async def startup(self): 68 | my_nwk = await self.get_parameter(protocol.NetworkParameter.NWK_ADDR) 69 | my_ieee = await self.get_parameter(protocol.NetworkParameter.MAC_ADDR) 70 | self.app._ieee = addr_to_zigpy_ieee(my_ieee) 71 | self.app._nwk = my_nwk 72 | logging.warning("my NWK: 0x%x, my_ieee: %s", my_nwk, self.app.ieee) 73 | self.device = await self.get_or_create_device(self.app.nwk, self.app.ieee) 74 | self.app_ready = True 75 | logging.warning("Startup completed") 76 | 77 | 78 | def handle_incoming_message(self, msg: Message): 79 | self.logger.warning('Data: %s', msg) 80 | if msg.src.mode == AddressType.IEEE: 81 | ieee = addr_to_zigpy_ieee(msg.src) 82 | try: 83 | dev = self.app.get_device(ieee=ieee) # type: zigpy.device.Device 84 | except KeyError: 85 | self.app.add_device(ieee=ieee, nwk=0) 86 | dev = self.app.get_device(ieee=ieee) # type: zigpy.device.Device 87 | 88 | if msg.src.endpoint: 89 | dev.add_endpoint(msg.src.endpoint) 90 | tsn, cluster_id, is_reply, args = dev.deserialize(msg.src.endpoint, msg.cluster_id, msg.data) 91 | else: 92 | tsn, cluster_id, is_reply, args = dev.zdo.deserialize(msg.cluster_id, msg.data) 93 | logger.warning('tsn: %s, cluster_id: 0x%04x, is_reply: %s, args: %s', tsn, cluster_id, is_reply, args) 94 | if is_reply: 95 | try: 96 | fut = self.zigpy_futures[tsn] # type: asyncio.Future 97 | except KeyError: 98 | logger.error("No future to match tsn %d", tsn) 99 | else: 100 | fut.set_result(args) 101 | else: 102 | logging.error("TODO: handle messages with source NWK address") 103 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyconz/connection.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import logging 2 | import serial 3 | import serial.aio 4 | import asyncio 5 | import sliplib 6 | from .protocol import * 7 | from . import protocol 8 | from .utils import Buffer 9 | import binascii 10 | import os 11 | import typing 12 | 13 | logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) 14 | 15 | 16 | Address = collections.namedtuple('Address', ['mode', 'addr', 'endpoint']) 17 | Address.__str__ = lambda a: '%x.%02x (%s)' % (a.addr, a.endpoint, a.mode) 18 | 19 | 20 | class Message: 21 | def __init__(self): 22 | self.src = None # type: Address 23 | self.dest = None # type: Address 24 | self.data = None # type: bytes 25 | self.profile_id = None # type: int 26 | self.cluster_id = None # type: int 27 | self.request_id = None # type: int 28 | 29 | @staticmethod 30 | def from_buffer(buf: Buffer): 31 | pl_len = buf.pop_int(' %x.%02d (%s), len %d, %s', src_addr, src_endpoint, src_addr_mode, dest_addr, dest_endpoint, dest_addr_mode, asdu_len, binascii.hexlify(asdu).decode()) 45 | buf.pop(' %s: [%s]' % ( 68 | self.cluster_id, self.profile_id, self.src, self.dest, 69 | binascii.hexlify(self.data).decode()) 70 | 71 | 72 | class SerialConnection: 73 | def __init__(self): 74 | super().__init__() 75 | self._transport = None # type: serial.aio.SerialTransport 76 | self._seq = 0 77 | self._drv = sliplib.Driver() 78 | self.logger = logger 79 | self._msg_handlers = { 80 | CommandId.DEVICE_STATE: self._handle_dev_state, 81 | CommandId.DEVICE_STATE_CHANGED: self._handle_dev_state_changed, 82 | # 0x1c: self.ignore_message, 83 | CommandId.APS_DATA_INDICATION: self._handle_incoming_data, 84 | CommandId.READ_PARAMETER: self._handle_get_parameter_response, 85 | CommandId.WRITE_PARAMETER: self._handle_set_parameter_response, 86 | CommandId.APS_DATA_REQUEST: self._handle_data_request_response, 87 | } 88 | self._requests = {} # type: typing.Dict[int, asyncio.Future] 89 | self.zigpy_futures = {} 90 | 91 | def _handle_data_request_response(self, buf): 92 | self.logger.info("APS_DATA_REQUEST result: %s", buf.status) 93 | 94 | def eof_received(self): 95 | logging.error("EOF") 96 | 97 | async def read_all_parameters(self): 98 | data = {} 99 | for p in NetworkParameter: 100 | data[p] = await self.get_parameter(p) 101 | self.logger.warning("Read device parameters:") 102 | for i in sorted(data): 103 | self.logger.warning('%s = %s', i, data[i]) 104 | return data 105 | 106 | def get_parameter(self, p): 107 | # type: (protocol.NetworkParameter) -> asyncio.Future 108 | ret = asyncio.Future() 109 | seq = self._next_seq() 110 | req = struct.pack(' asyncio.Future 131 | p_type = param_types[p] 132 | seq = self._next_seq() 133 | pl = struct.pack(p_type.format, v) 134 | hdr = struct.pack(' 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------