├── .dir-locals.el ├── .gitignore ├── Cask ├── .travis.yml ├── test └── ess-view-tests.el ├── Makefile ├── CONTRIBUTING.md ├── README.md ├── ess-view.el └── COPYING /.dir-locals.el: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ((emacs-lisp-mode 2 | (eval . (flycheck-mode)) 3 | (eval . (flycheck-cask-setup)) 4 | (eval . (checkdoc-minor-mode)) 5 | (indent-tabs-mode . nil) 6 | (fill-column . 80) 7 | (sentence-end-double-space . t) 8 | (emacs-lisp-docstring-fill-column . 75))) 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Generated files 2 | *~ 3 | *.elc 4 | *-pkg.el 5 | *.tar 6 | TAGS 7 | doc/ess-view.texi 8 | doc/ess-view.info 9 | 10 | # Packages 11 | elpa 12 | /.cask 13 | dist 14 | 15 | # Ecukes 16 | /features/project/.cask 17 | /features/project/test/*.el 18 | .ecukes-failing-scenarios 19 | /.Rhistory 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cask: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | (source gnu) 2 | (source melpa) 3 | 4 | (package-file "ess-view.el") 5 | 6 | (development 7 | (depends-on "ess") 8 | (depends-on "s") 9 | (depends-on "ert") 10 | (depends-on "flycheck") 11 | (depends-on "flycheck-cask") 12 | (depends-on "f") 13 | (depends-on "ecukes") 14 | (depends-on "ert-runner") 15 | (depends-on "el-mock") 16 | (depends-on "cask-package-toolset") 17 | (depends-on "undercover")) 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.travis.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | language: generic 2 | sudo: false 3 | 4 | before_install: 5 | - curl -fsSkL https://gist.github.com/rejeep/ebcd57c3af83b049833b/raw > x.sh && source ./x.sh 6 | - evm install $EVM_EMACS --use --skip 7 | - cask 8 | 9 | env: 10 | - EVM_EMACS=emacs-24.3-travis 11 | - EVM_EMACS=emacs-24.4-travis 12 | - EVM_EMACS=emacs-24.5-travis 13 | - EVM_EMACS=emacs-git-snapshot 14 | 15 | matrix: 16 | fast_finish: true 17 | allow_failures: 18 | - env: EVM_EMACS=emacs-git-snapshot 19 | 20 | script: 21 | - emacs --version 22 | - make info 23 | - make test 24 | 25 | addons: 26 | apt: 27 | packages: 28 | - texinfo 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test/ess-view-tests.el: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ;;; ess-view-tests.el --- Tests for ess-view.el 2 | 3 | ;; Copyright (C) 2013 boccigionata 4 | 5 | ;; Author: boccigionata 6 | 7 | ;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs. 8 | 9 | ;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 10 | ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 11 | ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 12 | ;; (at your option) any later version. 13 | 14 | ;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 15 | ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 16 | ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 17 | ;; GNU General Public License for more details. 18 | 19 | ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 20 | ;; along with this program. If not, see . 21 | 22 | ;;; Commentary: 23 | 24 | ;; Tests for ess-view.el 25 | 26 | ;;; Code: 27 | 28 | (require 'ert) 29 | 30 | 31 | (provide 'ess-view-tests) 32 | 33 | ;;; ess-view-tests.el ends here 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | CASK ?= cask 2 | EMACS ?= emacs 3 | DIST ?= dist 4 | EMACSFLAGS = --batch -Q 5 | EMACSBATCH = $(EMACS) $(EMACSFLAGS) 6 | 7 | VERSION := $(shell EMACS=$(EMACS) $(CASK) version) 8 | PKG_DIR := $(shell EMACS=$(EMACS) $(CASK) package-directory) 9 | PROJ_ROOT := $(shell dirname $(realpath $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))) 10 | 11 | EMACS_D = ~/.emacs.d 12 | USER_ELPA_D = $(EMACS_D)/elpa 13 | 14 | SRCS = $(filter-out %-pkg.el, $(wildcard *.el)) 15 | TESTS = $(wildcard test/*.el) 16 | TAR = $(DIST)/ess-view-$(VERSION).tar 17 | 18 | 19 | .PHONY: all test unit ecukes deps install uninstall reinstall clean-all clean 20 | all : deps $(TAR) 21 | 22 | deps : 23 | $(CASK) install 24 | 25 | install : $(TAR) 26 | $(EMACSBATCH) -l package -f package-initialize \ 27 | --eval '(package-install-file "$(PROJ_ROOT)/$(TAR)")' 28 | 29 | uninstall : 30 | rm -rf $(USER_ELPA_D)/ess-view-* 31 | 32 | reinstall : clean uninstall install 33 | 34 | clean-all : clean 35 | rm -rf $(PKG_DIR) 36 | 37 | clean : 38 | rm -f *.elc 39 | rm -rf $(DIST) 40 | rm -f *-pkg.el 41 | 42 | $(TAR) : $(DIST) $(SRCS) 43 | $(CASK) package $(DIST) 44 | 45 | $(DIST) : 46 | mkdir $(DIST) 47 | 48 | test: unit ecukes 49 | 50 | unit: $(PKG_DIR) 51 | ${CASK} exec ert-runner 52 | 53 | ecukes: $(PKG_DIR) 54 | ${CASK} exec ecukes 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CONTRIBUTING.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Contributing 2 | 3 | Contributions are welcome. If you discover bugs or issues, or have ideas for 4 | improvements or new features, please file a report on the issue tracker for this 5 | repository. Follow the guidelines below to make sure everything goes smoothly. 6 | 7 | ## Issue reporting 8 | 9 | - Check that the issue has not already been reported 10 | - Check that the issue has not already been fixed in the latest code 11 | - Open an issue with a clear title 12 | - Write as grammatically correct as you can in the description. 13 | 14 | ## Pull requests 15 | 16 | - Perform all changes on a topic branch for easier merging 17 | - Follow the coding conventions already in use 18 | - Verify Emacs Lisp code with `checkdoc` 19 | - Add unit tests whenever possible 20 | - Open a [pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests) 21 | relating to a single issue. 22 | 23 | ## Coding Conventions 24 | 25 | ### Naming 26 | 27 | - Use a `ess-view-` prefix for all public names. 28 | - Use a `ess-view--` prefix for all internal names. 29 | 30 | ### Docstrings 31 | 32 | Write meaningful docstrings for all functions and vars. 33 | 34 | - Document all functions and variables as directed by `checkdoc`. 35 | - Consider using [Flycheck](https://github.com/flycheck/flycheck) to automate 36 | `checkdoc` while you're editing. 37 | 38 | ### Common Lisp functions 39 | 40 | Use `cl-lib` instead of `cl`. The `cl` library pollutes the global namespace and 41 | its usage is therefore discouraged. 42 | 43 | - Use `cl-lib`, which adds prefixes to all cl function names 44 | - Use [noflet](https://github.com/nicferrier/emacs-noflet) instead of `flet` 45 | when you need to dynamically rebind functions. 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # ess-view 2 | 3 | ## Summary 4 | 5 | A minor-mode to view **R** dataframes within a spreadsheet software. 6 | 7 | 8 | ## Why use ess-view? 9 | 10 | *Cleaning Data* is one of the most boring part of the data analysis process; during this process 11 | I find it useful to be able to have a look at the dataframes I'm working with. 12 | Great tools already exist for doing this within R/ess (eg [DT](http://rstudio.github.io/DT/) or [ess-R-data-view](https://github.com/myuhe/ess-R-data-view.el)), 13 | but when working with quite big datasets I personally prefer to use a spreadsheet software. 14 | The *ess-view* minor mode simply provides functions to create a temporary csv copy of the dataframe of interest and then calls an external spreadsheet software to view it. 15 | 16 | ## Installing 17 | 18 | `ess-view` is available through MELPA, so you can install it using: 19 | 20 | M-x package-install [RET] ess-view [RET] 21 | 22 | and then add, to your `.emacs` file: 23 | 24 | (require 'ess-view) 25 | 26 | 27 | ## Usage 28 | 29 | 30 | If you want to have a look at a dataframe simply hit (within a buffer running a **R** process) 31 | 32 | C-x w 33 | 34 | and you will be asked for the name of the object (dataframe) to view... it's as simple as that! 35 | 36 | 37 | If you would like to modify the dataframe within the spreadsheet software and then have the modified version 38 | loaded back in the original **R** dataframe, use: 39 | 40 | C-x q 41 | 42 | When you've finished modifying the datasets, save the file (depending on the spreadsheet software you use, you may 43 | be asked if you want to save the file as a *csv* file and/or you want to overwrite the original file: the answer to 44 | both question is *yes*). 45 | 46 | By default `row.names` of the dataframe are not exported; if you want to see the dataframe with its row names, you 47 | need to use the prefix argument `0` (zero), i.e. use 48 | 49 | C-u 0 C-x w 50 | 51 | or 52 | 53 | C-u 0 C-x q 54 | 55 | ## Contributing 56 | 57 | Yes, please do! See [CONTRIBUTING][] for guidelines. 58 | 59 | ## License 60 | 61 | See [COPYING][]. Copyright (c) 2016 boccigionata. 62 | 63 | 64 | [CONTRIBUTING]: ./CONTRIBUTING.md 65 | [COPYING]: ./COPYING 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ess-view.el: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ;;; ess-view.el --- View R dataframes in a spreadsheet software 2 | 3 | ;; Copyright (C) 2016 Bocci Gionata 4 | 5 | ;; Author: Bocci Gionata 6 | ;; Maintainer: Bocci Gionata 7 | ;; URL: https://github.com/GioBo/ess-view 8 | ;; Created: 2016-02-10 9 | ;; Version: 0.1 10 | ;; Package-Requires: ((ess "15") (s "1.8.0") (f "0.16.0")) 11 | ;; Keywords: extensions, ess 12 | 13 | ;; This file is not part of GNU Emacs. 14 | 15 | ;; This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 16 | ;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 17 | ;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 18 | ;; (at your option) any later version. 19 | 20 | ;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 21 | ;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 22 | ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 23 | ;; GNU General Public License for more details. 24 | 25 | ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 26 | ;; along with this program. If not, see . 27 | 28 | ;;; Commentary: 29 | 30 | 31 | ;; When working with big R dataframes, the console is impractical for looking at 32 | ;; its content; a spreadsheet software is a much more convenient tool for this task. 33 | ;; This package allows users to have a look at R dataframes in an external 34 | ;; spreadsheet software. 35 | 36 | ;; If you simply want to have a look at a dataframe simply hit (inside a buffer running 37 | ;; an R process) 38 | 39 | ;; C-x w 40 | 41 | ;; and you will be asked for the name of the object (dataframe) to 42 | ;; view... it's a simple as that! 43 | 44 | ;; If you would like to modify the dataframe within the spreadsheet 45 | ;; software and then have the modified version loaded back in the 46 | ;; original R dataframe, use: 47 | 48 | ;; C-x q 49 | 50 | ;; When you've finished modifying the dataset, save the file (depending 51 | ;; on the spreadsheet software you use, you may be asked if you want to 52 | ;; save the file as a csv file and/or you want to overwrite the original 53 | ;; file: the answer to both question is yes) and the file content will be 54 | ;; saved in the original R dataframe. 55 | 56 | 57 | ;; If these functions are called with the prefix argument 0, then the dataframes 58 | ;; will be exported with their row.names, eg. use: 59 | 60 | ;; C-u 0 C-x w (to see the object) 61 | 62 | ;; C-u 0 C-x q (to see it and then have it saved back in the R dataframe) 63 | ;; 64 | ;; 65 | ;;; Code: 66 | 67 | (require 'ess) 68 | (require 'ess-inf) 69 | (require 'ess-site) 70 | (require 'f) 71 | (require 's) 72 | 73 | 74 | (defvar ess-view--spreadsheet-program (or 75 | (executable-find "libreoffice") 76 | (executable-find "openoffice") 77 | (executable-find "gnumeric") 78 | (executable-find "soffice") 79 | nil) 80 | "Spreadsheet software to be used to show data.") 81 | 82 | (defvar ess-view--rand-str 83 | "Random string to be used for temp files.") 84 | 85 | (defvar ess-view-oggetto 86 | "Name of the R dataframe to work with.") 87 | 88 | (defvar ess-view-newobj 89 | "Temp name to be used for the temporary copy of R object") 90 | 91 | (defvar ess-view-temp-file 92 | "Temporary file to be used to save the csv version of the dataframe") 93 | 94 | (defvar ess-view-string-command 95 | "Command - as a string - to be passed to the R interpreter.") 96 | 97 | (defvar ess-view-spr-proc 98 | "Process of the called spreadsheet software.") 99 | 100 | 101 | (defun ess-view-print-vector (obj) 102 | "Print content of vector OBJ in another buffer. 103 | In case the passed object is a vector it is not convenient to use 104 | an external spreadsheet sofware to look at its content." 105 | (let ((header (concat obj " contains the following elements: \n"))) 106 | (ess-execute (concat "cat(" obj ",sep='\n')") nil "*BUFF*" header))) 107 | 108 | 109 | (defun ess-view-random-string () 110 | "Create a string of 20 random characters." 111 | (interactive) 112 | (setq ess-view--rand-str (make-string 20 0)) 113 | (let ((mycharset "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")) 114 | (dotimes (i 20) 115 | (aset ess-view--rand-str i (elt mycharset (random (length mycharset))))) 116 | ess-view--rand-str)) 117 | 118 | 119 | (defun ess-view-create-env () 120 | "Create a temporary R environment. 121 | This is done in order not to pollute user's environments with a temporary 122 | copy of the passed object which is used to create the temporary .csv file." 123 | (interactive) 124 | (let ((nome-env (ess-view-random-string))) 125 | ;; it is very unlikely that the user has an environment which 126 | ;; has the same name of our random generated 20-char string, 127 | ;; but just to be sure, we run this cycle recursively 128 | ;; until we find an environment name which does not exist yet 129 | (if (ess-boolean-command (concat "is.environment(\"" nome-env "\")\n")) 130 | (ess-view-create-env)) 131 | nome-env)) 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | (defun ess-view-send-to-R (R-PROCESS STRINGCMD) 136 | "A wrapper function to send commands to the R process. 137 | Argument STRINGCMD is the command - as a string - to be passed to the R process." 138 | (ess-send-string (get-process R-PROCESS) STRINGCMD nil)) 139 | 140 | 141 | (defun ess-view-write--sentinel (process signal) 142 | "Check the spreadsheet (PROCESS) to intercept when it is closed (SIGNAL). 143 | The saved version of the file - in the csv fomat -is than converted back 144 | to the R dataframe." 145 | (cond 146 | ((equal signal "finished\n") 147 | (progn 148 | (ess-view-check-separator ess-view-temp-file) 149 | (ess-view-send-to-R ess-view-chosen-R-process (format "%s <- read.table('%s',header=TRUE,sep=',',stringsAsFactors=FALSE)\n" ess-view-oggetto ess-view-temp-file)))))) 150 | 151 | 152 | (defun ess-view-clean-data-frame (R-PROCESS obj) 153 | "This function cleans the dataframe of interest. 154 | Factors are converted to characters (less problems when exporting), NA and 155 | 'NA' are removed so that reading the dataset within the spreadsheet software 156 | is clearer. 157 | Argument R-PROCESS is the running R process where 158 | the dataframe of interest is to be found. 159 | Argument OBJ is the name of the dataframe to be cleaned." 160 | (ess-view-send-to-R R-PROCESS (format "%s[sapply(%s,is.factor)]<-lapply(%s[sapply(%s,is.factor)],as.character)" obj obj obj obj)) 161 | (ess-view-send-to-R R-PROCESS (format "%s[is.na(%s)]<-''\n" obj obj)) 162 | (ess-view-send-to-R R-PROCESS (format "%s[%s=='NA']<-''\n" obj obj))) 163 | 164 | 165 | (defun ess-view-extract-R-process () 166 | "Return the name of R running in current buffer." 167 | (let* 168 | ((proc (get-buffer-process (current-buffer))) 169 | (string-proc (prin1-to-string proc)) 170 | (selected-proc (s-match "^#$" string-proc))) 171 | (nth 1 (-flatten selected-proc)) 172 | ) 173 | ) 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | (defun ess-view-data-frame-view (object save row-names dframe) 178 | "This function is used in case the passed OBJECT is a data frame. 179 | Argument SAVE if t means that the user wants to store the spreadsheet-modified 180 | version of the dataframe in the original object. 181 | Argument ROW-NAMES is either t or nil: in case it's true, user wants to save 182 | the row names of the dataframe as well. 183 | Argument DFRAME is t if the object of interest is a dataframe: if so, it is 184 | 'cleaned' (via ess-view-clean-data-frame) before exporting; if it's a matrix 185 | it is not cleaned." 186 | ;; (interactive) 187 | (save-excursion 188 | 189 | ;; create a temp environment where we will work 190 | (let 191 | ((envir (ess-view-create-env)) 192 | (win-place (current-window-configuration)) 193 | (R-process (ess-view-extract-R-process)) 194 | ) 195 | 196 | (setq ess-view-chosen-R-process R-process) 197 | (ess-view-send-to-R ess-view-chosen-R-process (concat envir "<-new.env()\n")) 198 | ;; create a copy of the passed object in the custom environment 199 | (ess-view-send-to-R ess-view-chosen-R-process (concat envir "$obj<-" object "\n")) 200 | ;; create a variable containing the complete name of the object 201 | ;; (in the form environm$object 202 | (setq ess-view-newobj (concat envir "$obj")) 203 | ;; remove NA and NAN so that objects is easier to read in spreadsheet file 204 | (if dframe 205 | (ess-view-clean-data-frame R-process ess-view-newobj)) 206 | ;; create a csv temp file 207 | (setq ess-view-temp-file (make-temp-file nil nil ".csv")) 208 | (if row-names (setq row-names "row.names=TRUE,col.names=NA") 209 | (setq row-names "row.names=FALSE")) 210 | ;; write the passed object to the csv tempfile 211 | (setq ess-view-string-command (concat "write.table(" ess-view-newobj ",file='" ess-view-temp-file "',sep=','," row-names ")\n")) 212 | (ess-view-send-to-R ess-view-chosen-R-process ess-view-string-command) 213 | ;; wait a little just to be sure that the file has been written (is this necessary? to be checked) 214 | (sit-for 1) 215 | 216 | ;; start the spreadsheet software to open the temp csv file 217 | (setq ess-view-spr-proc (start-process "spreadsheet" nil ess-view--spreadsheet-program ess-view-temp-file)) 218 | (if save 219 | (set-process-sentinel ess-view-spr-proc 'ess-view-write--sentinel)) 220 | 221 | (set-window-configuration win-place) 222 | ;; remove the temporary environment 223 | (ess-view-send-to-R ess-view-chosen-R-process (format "rm(%s)" envir))))) 224 | 225 | 226 | (defun ess-no-program () 227 | "Request user to set the default spreadsheet software." 228 | (with-output-to-temp-buffer "*ess-view-error*" 229 | (with-current-buffer "*ess-view-error*" 230 | (princ " \t-- ess-view Message --\n\n") 231 | (princ "No spreadsheet software was found.\n\n") 232 | (princ "Please store the path to your spreadsheet software in the ess-view--spreadsheet-program\n") 233 | (princ "variable, eg. write in you .emacs file:\n\n\n") 234 | (princ "(setq ess-view--spreadsheet-program \"/path/to/my/software.EXE\")\n") 235 | (princ "\n\n")) 236 | (pop-to-buffer "*ess-view-error*"))) 237 | 238 | 239 | (defun ess-view-check-separator (file-path) 240 | "Try to convert the tmp file to the csv format. 241 | This is a tentative strategy to obtain a csv content from the file - specified 242 | by FILE-PATH - separated by commas, regardless of the default field separator 243 | used by the spreadsheet software." 244 | (let ((testo (s-split "\n" (f-read file-path) t))) 245 | (setq testo (mapcar (lambda (x) (s-replace-all '(("\t" . ",") ("|" . ",") (";" . ",")) x)) testo)) 246 | (setq testo (s-join "\n" testo)) 247 | (f-write-text testo 'utf-8 file-path))) 248 | 249 | 250 | (defun ess-view-inspect-df-inner (row-names save) 251 | "Show a dataframe. 252 | If ROW-NAMES is t, the row names of the dataframe are also exported. 253 | If SAVE is t, it also saves back the result." 254 | (if ess-view--spreadsheet-program 255 | (progn 256 | (setq ess-view-oggetto (ess-read-object-name "name of R object:")) 257 | (setq ess-view-oggetto (substring-no-properties (car ess-view-oggetto))) 258 | (cond 259 | ((not (ess-boolean-command (concat "exists(\"" ess-view-oggetto "\")\n"))) 260 | (message "The object does not exist")) 261 | ((ess-boolean-command (concat "is.vector(" ess-view-oggetto ")\n")) 262 | (ess-view-print-vector ess-view-oggetto)) 263 | ((ess-boolean-command (concat "is.data.frame(" ess-view-oggetto ")\n")) 264 | (ess-view-data-frame-view ess-view-oggetto save row-names t)) 265 | ((ess-boolean-command (concat "is.matrix(" ess-view-oggetto ")\n")) 266 | (ess-view-data-frame-view ess-view-oggetto save nil nil)) 267 | 268 | (t 269 | (message "the object is neither a vector or a data.frame; don't know how to show it...")))) 270 | (ess-no-program))) 271 | 272 | 273 | (defun ess-view-inspect-df (&optional row-names) 274 | "Show a dataframe. 275 | If ROW-NAMES is t, the row names of the dataframe are also exported." 276 | (interactive "P") 277 | (ess-view-inspect-df-inner (if (eq row-names 0) t nil) nil)) 278 | 279 | 280 | (defun ess-view-inspect-and-save-df (&optional row-names) 281 | "Show a dataframe and save the result. 282 | If ROW-NAMES is t, the row names of the dataframe are also exported." 283 | (interactive "P") 284 | (ess-view-inspect-df-inner (if (eq row-names 0) t nil) t)) 285 | 286 | 287 | (global-set-key (kbd "C-x w") 'ess-view-inspect-df) 288 | (global-set-key (kbd "C-x q") 'ess-view-inspect-and-save-df) 289 | 290 | 291 | (define-minor-mode ess-view-mode 292 | "Have a look at dataframes." 293 | :lighter " ess-v" 294 | :keymap (let ((map (make-sparse-keymap))) 295 | (define-key map (kbd "C-x w") 'ess-view-inspect-df) 296 | (define-key map (kbd "C-x q") 'ess-view-inspect-and-save-df) 297 | map)) 298 | 299 | 300 | (add-hook 'ess-post-run-hook 'ess-view-mode) 301 | (provide 'ess-view) 302 | 303 | 304 | ;;; ess-view.el ends here 305 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /COPYING: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. 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Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------