├── .gitignore ├── Arr └── main.c ├── CC.xcodeproj ├── project.pbxproj ├── project.xcworkspace │ ├── contents.xcworkspacedata │ ├── xcshareddata │ │ └── IDEWorkspaceChecks.plist │ └── xcuserdata │ │ └── herrylo.xcuserdatad │ │ └── UserInterfaceState.xcuserstate └── xcuserdata │ └── herrylo.xcuserdatad │ ├── xcdebugger │ └── Breakpoints_v2.xcbkptlist │ └── xcschemes │ └── xcschememanagement.plist ├── img ├── WechatIMG453.png └── WechatIMG454.png ├── list └── main.c ├── poin ├── Malloc │ ├── malloc1.c │ └── malloc1.h ├── Pointer │ ├── pointer.c │ └── pointer.h ├── Struct │ ├── struct.c │ └── struct.h └── main.c ├── queue └── main.c ├── readme.md ├── stack └── main.c └── tree └── main.c /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | CC.xcodeproj 2 | build 3 | .vscode 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Arr/main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // main.c 3 | // list 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/20. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | // 线性结构：连续存储 数组 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | 14 | bool a = 1; 15 | 16 | typedef struct ArrList { 17 | int *p; // 数组第一个元素的地址 18 | int len; // 数组长度 19 | int cnt; // 数组元素的有效长度 20 | }ArrList; //别名 ArrList 21 | 22 | // 初始化创建数组 23 | void arrInit(ArrList *arr, int length); 24 | // 添加(尾部) 25 | void append(ArrList *arr, int value); 26 | // 展示元素 27 | void show(ArrList *arr); 28 | // 插入 29 | void insert(ArrList *arr, int value, int index); 30 | // 删除 31 | void delet(ArrList); 32 | // 排序 33 | void sort(ArrList); 34 | 35 | // 判断是否空 36 | bool isEmpty(ArrList *arr); 37 | // 判断是否满 38 | bool isFull(ArrList *arr); 39 | 40 | int main() { 41 | ArrList arr; 42 | 43 | arrInit(&arr, 5); 44 | append(&arr, 1); 45 | append(&arr, 2); 46 | append(&arr, 3); 47 | insert(&arr, 99, 1); 48 | show(&arr); 49 | 50 | printf("数组长度为：%d\n", arr.len); 51 | printf("数组当前有效长度为：%d\n", arr.cnt); 52 | printf("数组中第一个元素的值：%d\n", *(arr.p)); 53 | return 0; 54 | } 55 | 56 | // 初始化数组 57 | void arrInit(ArrList *arr, int length) { 58 | arr->p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * length); 59 | 60 | if(arr == NULL) 61 | printf("Array create fail"); 62 | else 63 | arr->len = length; 64 | arr->cnt = 0; 65 | } 66 | 67 | // 是否空 68 | bool isEmpty(ArrList *arr) { 69 | if(arr->cnt == 0) { 70 | return true; 71 | }else { 72 | return false; 73 | } 74 | } 75 | 76 | // 是否满 77 | bool isFull(ArrList *arr) { 78 | if(arr->cnt == arr->len) { 79 | return true; 80 | }else { 81 | return false; 82 | } 83 | } 84 | 85 | 86 | // append 87 | void append(ArrList *arr, int value){ 88 | if(isFull(arr)) { 89 | printf("数组已满, 已无法 append \n"); 90 | return; 91 | } 92 | 93 | arr->p[arr->cnt] = value; 94 | ++(arr->cnt); 95 | return; 96 | } 97 | 98 | // show 99 | void show(ArrList *arr) { 100 | int len = arr->cnt; 101 | 102 | if(isEmpty(arr)) { 103 | printf("数组为空\n"); 104 | return; 105 | } 106 | 107 | for (int i = 0; i< len; ++i) { 108 | printf("%d ", arr->p[i]); 109 | } 110 | printf("\n"); 111 | } 112 | 113 | //插入 114 | // arr 数组 115 | // value 数值 116 | // index 个数 117 | void insert(ArrList *arr, int value, int index) { 118 | if(isFull(arr)) { 119 | printf("数组已满, 已无法 insert \n"); 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All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | // 线性结构：离散存储 链表 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | 14 | // 结构体 15 | typedef struct Node { 16 | int data; // 数据域 17 | struct Node * next; //指针域 18 | }Node, *PNode; 19 | 20 | // 创建非循环单链表 21 | PNode createList(void) { 22 | // 长度 23 | int len; 24 | // 存放用户输入的节点值 25 | int val; 26 | 27 | // 不存放有效数据的头结点 28 | PNode pHead = (PNode)malloc(sizeof(Node)); 29 | if(NULL == pHead) { 30 | printf("分配失败，程序终止！\n"); 31 | exit(-1); 32 | } 33 | 34 | PNode pTail = pHead; 35 | pTail->next = NULL; 36 | 37 | printf("请输入链表的长度: len="); 38 | scanf("%d", &len); 39 | 40 | for (int i = 0; idata = val; 51 | pTail->next = pNew; 52 | pNew->next = NULL; 53 | pTail = pNew; 54 | } 55 | return pHead; 56 | } 57 | 58 | // 遍历 59 | int traverseList(PNode *pHead) { 60 | printf("打印链表的z值：\n"); 61 | PNode next = (*pHead)->next; 62 | while(next != NULL) { 63 | printf("%d \n", next->data); 64 | next = next->next; 65 | } 66 | printf("\n"); 67 | return 0; 68 | } 69 | 70 | // 长度 71 | int lengthList(PNode pHead) { 72 | PNode next = pHead->next; 73 | int i = 0; 74 | while(next != NULL) { 75 | next = next->next; 76 | i++; 77 | } 78 | printf("链表的长度为: %d \n", i); 79 | return i; 80 | } 81 | 82 | // 移除 83 | // pHead 链表头节点 84 | // i 移除的下标，由1开始 85 | bool removeList(PNode pHead, int position, int *pVal) { 86 | PNode p = pHead; 87 | int i = 0; 88 | 89 | // p->next != NULL，移除的前提下，保证要移除的那个只存在； 90 | // 在存在的前提下，p会指向要移除的前一个节点； 91 | while (p->next != NULL && i< position - 1) { 92 | p = p->next; 93 | ++i; 94 | } 95 | 96 | // i > position - 1，防止负数 97 | if(i > position - 1 || p->next == NULL) { 98 | return false; 99 | } 100 | 101 | PNode q = p->next; 102 | *pVal = p->data; 103 | 104 | p->next = p->next->next; 105 | free(q); 106 | q = NULL; 107 | return true; 108 | } 109 | 110 | // 插入 111 | // pHead 链表头节点 112 | // i 插入的下标，由1开始 113 | bool insertList(PNode pHead, int position, int val){ 114 | PNode p = pHead; 115 | int i = 0; 116 | 117 | // p != NULL，插入的前提下，保证要插入位置的前y一个元素存在； 118 | // 在存在的前提下，p会指向要插入的前的节点； 119 | while (p->next != NULL && i< position - 1) { 120 | p = p->next; 121 | ++i; 122 | } 123 | // // i > position - 1，防止负数 124 | if(i > position - 1 || p == NULL) { 125 | return false; 126 | } 127 | 128 | PNode pNew = (PNode)malloc(sizeof(Node)); 129 | if(NULL == pNew) { 130 | printf("分配失败，程序终止！\n"); 131 | exit(-1); 132 | } 133 | pNew->data = val; 134 | pNew->next = p->next; 135 | p->next = pNew; 136 | return true; 137 | } 138 | 139 | 140 | int main() { 141 | // 头结点 142 | PNode pHead = NULL; // 等价于struct Node * pHead = NULL 143 | int value; 144 | 145 | pHead = createList(); 146 | // 移除 147 | removeList(pHead, 8, &value); 148 | // 插入替换 149 | insertList(pHead, 2, 123123); 150 | // 遍历 151 | traverseList(&pHead); 152 | return 0; 153 | } 154 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Malloc/malloc1.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // malloc1.c 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/13. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #include "malloc1.h" 10 | #include 11 | 12 | void *malloc(size_t size); 13 | void free(void *ptr); 14 | 15 | void mallocFn() { 16 | // malloc申请动态内存空间 17 | int * p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(4)); // 返回的是第一个字节的地址 18 | 19 | p[0]= 12; 20 | p[1]= 234; 21 | 22 | printf("%d\n", p[0]); 23 | 24 | // free释放内存空间 25 | free(p); // 只是将申请的内存地址标记为释放 26 | // p = NULL; 27 | 28 | printf("%d\n", p[1]); 29 | } 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Malloc/malloc1.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // malloc1.h 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/13. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #ifndef malloc1_h 10 | #define malloc1_h 11 | 12 | #include 13 | 14 | #endif /* malloc1_h */ 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Pointer/pointer.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // pointer.c 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/10. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #include "pointer.h" 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | 13 | // 指针变量 & 示例 14 | // 内存地址是内存单元的编号 15 | // 指针就是内存地址 16 | // 变量指针是存储在内存单元编号的变量 17 | void fn(int * a) { 18 | printf("fn函数中：数组a中第一个值的内存地址： %p\n", a); 19 | a[2] = 12313; 20 | printf("fn函数中：指针a即数组第一个值的内存地址： %d\n", a[1]); 21 | } 22 | 23 | void setValue(int *value) { 24 | printf("打印value地址： %p\n", value); 25 | *value = 787878; 26 | } 27 | 28 | void pointerFn() { 29 | int arr[5] = {1,2,3,4,5}; 30 | int value = 12; 31 | 32 | fn(arr); 33 | printf("pointerFn函数中：数组arr中第一个值的内存地址： %p\n", arr); 34 | printf("pointerFn函数中：数组arr[2]的值：%d\n", arr[2]); 35 | 36 | setValue(&value); 37 | printf("打印value： %d\n", value); 38 | } 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Pointer/pointer.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // pointer.h 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/10. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #ifndef pointer_h 10 | #define pointer_h 11 | 12 | #include 13 | 14 | #endif /* pointer_h */ 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Struct/struct.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // struct.c 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/10. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #include "struct.h" 10 | 11 | // 结构体 12 | struct Student { 13 | int id; 14 | char name[20]; 15 | int grade; 16 | }; 17 | 18 | void inputfn(struct Student *c) { 19 | c->id = 2; 20 | 21 | (*c).id = 3; 22 | 23 | printf("%p\n", c); 24 | } 25 | 26 | void structFn() { 27 | struct Student a = {1, "liuheng", 99}; 28 | 29 | printf("%p\n", &a); 30 | 31 | struct Student *b; 32 | 33 | b = &a; 34 | 35 | inputfn(b); 36 | 37 | printf("结构体： %d\n", a.id); 38 | } 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/Struct/struct.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // struct.h 3 | // CC 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/10. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #ifndef struct_h 10 | #define struct_h 11 | 12 | #include 13 | 14 | #endif /* struct_h */ 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poin/main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // main.c 3 | // poin 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2019/10/20. 6 | // Copyright © 2019年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #include 10 | 11 | //指针 12 | #include "Pointer/pointer.c" 13 | 14 | #include "Malloc/malloc1.c" 15 | 16 | int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 17 | // mallocFn(); 18 | pointerFn(); 19 | } 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /queue/main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // main.c 3 | // queue 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2020/2/23. 6 | // Copyright © 2020年 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | // 队列之静态循环队列 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | 14 | int len = 6; 15 | 16 | typedef struct Queue{ 17 | int * PArrry; 18 | int pFront; 19 | int pRear; 20 | }Queue; 21 | 22 | void initQueue(Queue * q) { 23 | q->PArrry = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)* 6); 24 | q->pFront = 0; 25 | q->pRear = 0; 26 | } 27 | 28 | // 是否满队 29 | bool isFullQueue(Queue * q) { 30 | if((q->pRear + 1)%len == q->pFront) 31 | return true; 32 | return false; 33 | } 34 | 35 | // 是否空队 36 | bool isEmptyQueue(Queue * q) { 37 | if(q->pRear == q->pFront) 38 | return true; 39 | return false; 40 | } 41 | 42 | // 入队 43 | bool inputQueue(Queue * q, int value) { 44 | if(isFullQueue(q)) 45 | return false; 46 | else 47 | q->PArrry[q->pRear] = value; 48 | q->pRear = (q->pRear + 1)%len; 49 | return true; 50 | } 51 | 52 | // 出队 53 | bool outputQueue(Queue * q, int *value) { 54 | if(isEmptyQueue(q)) 55 | return false; 56 | else 57 | *value = q->PArrry[q->pFront]; 58 | q->pFront = (q->pFront + 1)%len; 59 | return true; 60 | } 61 | 62 | // 遍历 63 | void traverseQueue(Queue * q) { 64 | printf("遍历队列中的值\n"); 65 | int front =q->pFront; 66 | while (front != q->pRear) { 67 | printf("%d\n", q->PArrry[front]); 68 | front = (front+1)%len; 69 | } 70 | } 71 | 72 | int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 73 | printf("---------循环队列构建---------\n"); 74 | Queue q; 75 | int value; 76 | 77 | initQueue(&q); 78 | 79 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 80 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 81 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 82 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 83 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 84 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 85 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 86 | inputQueue(&q, 12); 87 | traverseQueue(&q); 88 | 89 | outputQueue(&q, &value); 90 | printf("出队值为：%d\n", value); 91 | traverseQueue(&q); 92 | 93 | 94 | return 0; 95 | } 96 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## C语言数据结构 2 | 3 | ![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-C-brightgreen) 4 | ![](https://img.shields.io/badge/-XCode-brightgreen) 5 | 6 | C语言学习数据结构的原因：C语言中存在指针、内存的概念，我们可以手动去操作它。 7 | 8 | 数据结构实际专门是来研究数据存储的问题，而数据的存储包含两个方面：**个体关系 + 个体关系的存储**。 9 | 10 | 环境工具：Mac&Xcode 或者 Window&VSCode 11 | 12 | 以下的内容都是通过学习[郝斌老师数据结构自学视频](https://www.bilibili.com/video/av12907870)后整理，建议感兴趣的同学可以跟着视频学习一波。 13 | 14 | ## 指针Pointer 15 | 16 | **指针就是地址，地址就是指针**。 17 | 18 | 这里的地址就是内存地址。在计算机开发中，我们会使用C/C++、Java、Go、python、NodeJs等高级语言进行软件开发，而在代码中声明的变量，通过编译器编译后，它们就会指向到内存地址中。我们对于变量的操作，实际就是对于计算机内存的操作。 19 | 20 | 内存地址：内存单元的编号，从0到非负整数； 21 | 22 | **指针变量**：**存储内存单元编号的变量**； 23 | 24 | ```C 25 | void main() { 26 | int *p; // 声明指针变量p； 27 | int i = 10; // 声明整型变量i赋值10； 28 | p = &i; // 将i的地址赋值给变量p 29 | printf("%d", *p); // *p == i; 30 | } 31 | ``` 32 | 一个指针变量占几个字节，由变量类型和机型决定。 33 | 34 | ## 结构体Struct 35 | 36 | 结构体用来定义一种数据类型。**struct**定义：用户需要定义的复合数据类型。 37 | 38 | 注意：普通的数据结构无法加减运算，但是可以相互赋值。 39 | 40 | ```c 41 | typedef struct Student { 42 | int id; 43 | int grade; 44 | char name[20]; 45 | }Student; 46 | 47 | // 需要用到指针变量 48 | void Assignment(Student *c) { 49 | c->id = 2; 50 | } 51 | 52 | void main() { 53 | Student a = {1, 1000, "liuheng"}; 54 | Student *b; 55 | b = &a; // &a为变量a的地址，它需要指针变量才可以接收 56 | Assignment(&b); // 传递的是地址 57 | printf("%d\n", a.id); 58 | } 59 | ``` 60 | 结构体变量指针b，存储结构体变量a的地址。 61 | 62 | 注意⚠️：如何判断何时使用指针变量？在函数参数中，一旦你需要传递地址，而对方需要接收时，那么此时必须使用指针变量，当然类型也必须要相同！！ 63 | 64 | ## 动态内存 65 | 66 | ```c 67 | void mallocFn() { 68 | // malloc申请动态内存空间 69 | // sizeof设置内存大小，(int *)表示数据类型 70 | int * arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(5)); // 返回的是第一个字节的地址 71 | 72 | arr[0]= 12; 73 | arr[1]= 234; 74 | printf("%d\n", arr[0]); 75 | 76 | // free释放内存空间 77 | free(arr); // 只是将申请的内存地址标记为释放 78 | arr = NULL; 79 | } 80 | ``` 81 | 注意：通过`malloc`申请得内存空间，一定要记得通过`free`释放。 82 | 83 | ## 数组Array 84 | 85 | 数组是线性结构，在内存中连续存储数据元素的一种数据结构，它是连续存储的。例如🌰：创建一个数组arr，我们可以通过arr[0]、arr[1]、arr[3]来访问数组中的元素。 86 | 87 | 下面是数组的结构体数据类型： 88 | ```c 89 | typedef struct ArrList { 90 | int *p; // 数组中第一个元素的地址 91 | int len; // 数组的长度 92 | int cnt; // 当前有效的长度 93 | }ArrList, *Array 94 | ``` 95 | 96 | 示例如下： 97 | ```c 98 | void main() { 99 | ArrList arr; 100 | 101 | // ....赋值操作省略 102 | 103 | printf("数组长度为：%d\n", arr.len); 104 | printf("数组当前有效长度为：%d\n", arr.cnt); 105 | // arr.p[0] == *(arr.p) 106 | printf("数组当前第一个元素的值：%d\n", arr.p[0]); 107 | } 108 | ``` 109 | **这里的arr.p只是指向数组中第一个元素的内存地址** 110 | 111 | ## 链表List 112 | 113 | 链表是线性结构，在内存中非连续存储数据元素的一种数据结构，它是离散分布的。每个节点通过指针相连，每个一个前驱节点点和后续节点，头节点无前驱节点，尾节点无后续节点。 114 | 115 | 链表的种类：单链表、双链表、循环链表 116 | 117 | 双链表、循环链表是在单链表基础上扩展，下面是单链表结构： 118 | ```c 119 | 头结点:A 首节点:B 尾节点:C 120 | 👇 👇 👇 121 | [data=NULL|next]——>[data|next]——>[data|next]——>[data|next]——>[data|next]——> NULL 122 | ``` 123 | > **头结点**: **第一个有效节点之前的节点，不存放有效数据，加头结点的目的主要是为了方便链表操作**； 124 | 125 | > **首节点**：第一个有效节点； 126 | 127 | > **尾节点**：最后一个有效节点； 128 | 129 | > **头指针**：指向头结点的指针变量； 130 | 131 | > **尾指针**：指向尾结点的指针变量； 132 | 133 | **确定一个链表只需要一个参数：头指针**；链表中单个节点的数据类型： 134 | 135 | ```c 136 | struct Node { 137 | value; // 数据域 138 | next; // 指针域 139 | } 140 | ``` 141 | 142 | 示例如下： 143 | ```c 144 | void main() { 145 | Node * pHead = NULL; //头结点 146 | 147 | // ....赋值操作省略 148 | 149 | // 遍历链表中的值 150 | Node * p = pHead->next; // 首节点 151 | while(p != NULL) { 152 | // 打印节点的值 153 | printf("%d \n", p->data); 154 | p = p->next; 155 | } 156 | 157 | } 158 | ``` 159 | 160 | ## 栈Stack 161 | 162 | **栈是线性结构的具体应用**，类似于箱子📦📦，是一种可以实现“**先进后出**”的存储结构； 163 | 164 | 栈分为静态栈和动态栈，静态栈通常由数组构成，动态栈通常由链表构成(都**只有一个出入口**)； 165 | 166 | 以动态栈为🌰🌰，**确认一个栈的节点，只需要两个参数，顶部节点和尾部节点**。 167 | 168 | ```c 169 | struct Stack { 170 | Node Top; 171 | Node Bottom; 172 | } 173 | ``` 174 | 可以想象为了一个放书的箱子📦，想法放入的📖会被后放入的压在下面，而后放入的就会在上面，后放入的必须先拿出，先放入的才可以拿出。 175 | 176 | 应用：函数调用、中断、表达式求值、内存分配、缓存、迷宫等； 177 | 178 | ## 队列Queue 179 | 180 | **队列是线性结构的具体应用**，类似于排队，是一种“**先进先出**”的存储结构。 181 | 182 | 队列分为链式队列和静态队列，前者使用链表实现，后者是数组实现(都是**一头出，一头入**)； 183 | 184 | 下面是以静态队列为例子讲解。对于静态队列，它由数组构成，存储空间是一定的，而为了**避免出现空间浪费的问题**，它就必须是一个循环队列(静态队列必须是循环队列)；**一个循环队列只需要两个参数：front(头)、rear(尾)**； 185 | 186 | 不同场合front和rear不同的含义： 187 | 188 | > **队列初始化**：front 和 rear 值都是0； 189 | 190 | > **队列非空**：front代表队列的第一个元素；rear代表得失队列最后一个有效元素的下一个元素； 191 | 192 | > **队列为空**：front和rear值相等，但不一定是0； 193 | 194 | **队列算法核心：** 195 | 196 | 入队算法：**rear = (rear+1)%数组长度；** 197 | 198 | 出队算法：**front = (front+1)%数组长度；** 199 | 200 | 可以想象一个水池，一头注水，一头出水，先放入水会先出，后放入的后出。 201 | 202 | ## 递归 203 | 204 | 递归就是一个函数直接或间接调用它自身。 205 | 206 | 递归需要满足三个条件： 207 | * 1. **递归必须得有一个明确的中止条件；** 208 | * 2. **该函数所处理的数据规模必须是递减的；** 209 | * 3. **这个转化是可解的；** 210 | 211 | 循环和递归的比较： 212 | 213 | 递归：易于理解；速度慢；存储空间大； 214 | 215 | 循环：不易于理解；速度快；存储空间小； 216 | 217 | 参考：阶乘、汉诺塔、斐波拉切数列 218 | 219 | ## Tree 树 220 | 221 | 树的专业定义： 222 | 223 | 1. 有且只有一个根节点； 224 | 2. 有若干个互不相交的子树，这些子树本身也是一棵树的通俗定义； 225 | 226 | 树的通俗定义： 227 | 228 | 1. 树由节点和边组成； 229 | 2. 每个节点只有一个父节点，但可以有多个子节点； 230 | 3. 但有一个节点例外，该节点没有父节点，此节点称为根节点； 231 | 232 | 树的分类： 233 | 234 | - 一般树：任意一个节点的子节点的个数不受限制； 235 | - **二叉树：任意一个节点的子节点个数最多两个，且子节点的位置不可更改**； 236 | - 森林：n个互不相交的树的集合； 237 | 238 | ### 二叉树 239 | 240 | 二叉树分类： 241 | 242 | 一般二叉树：任意一个节点的子节点个数最多两个 243 | 244 | **满二叉树**：在不增加树的层数的前提下，无法再多添加一个节点的二叉树就是满二叉树； 245 | 246 | **完全二叉树**：如果只是删除满二叉树最右边的连续若干节点，这样形成的二叉树就是完全二叉树； 247 | 248 | ![](./img/WechatIMG453.png) 249 | 250 | **一般树转换为二叉树**：把一个普通的树转换为二叉树，它一定没有右子节点。转换方法——左指针域指向它的第一个孩子，右指针指向它的兄弟，只要能满足此条件，就可以把普通二叉树转换为二叉树。 251 | 252 | ![](./img/WechatIMG454.png) 253 | 254 | 代码可供参考：[二叉树创建&先序、中序、后序源码链接](https://github.com/HerryLo/CStruct/blob/master/tree/main.c) 255 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /stack/main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/HerryLo/CStruct/31b0cc2176242ff11608feaacd0a0aa860f5dd32/stack/main.c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tree/main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // main.c 3 | // tree 4 | // 5 | // Created by HerryLo on 2020/7/2. 6 | // Copyright © 2020 HerryLo. All rights reserved. 7 | // 8 | 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | 14 | typedef char ElemType; 15 | 16 | typedef struct BiTNode { 17 | ElemType data; 18 | struct BiTNode * pLchild; 19 | struct BiTNode * pRchild; 20 | }BiTNode, *BiTree; 21 | 22 | void createTree(BiTree *T); 23 | void preOrderTree(BiTree T); 24 | 25 | int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { 26 | BiTree bt; //等同于 struct BiTNode * bt 27 | // &bt是一个地址 28 | createTree(&bt); 29 | 30 | preOrderTree(bt); 31 | return 0; 32 | } 33 | 34 | // 创建一个二叉树 35 | // 参数 struct BiTNode * * T 36 | // 参数拆为两部分看，首先 struct BiTNode * 表示的是参数的类型 37 | // *T表示的是一个存储内存地址的指针变量 38 | // 形参 T存储内存地址，*T才是实际传入的值 39 | void createTree(BiTree *T){ 40 | ElemType ch; 41 | printf("输入值："); 42 | scanf("\n %c", &ch); 43 | if(ch == '#') { 44 | *T = NULL; 45 | }else { 46 | *T = (BiTree)malloc(sizeof(BiTNode)); 47 | if(!*T) { 48 | printf("创建失败！！\n"); 49 | exit(-1); 50 | } 51 | (*T)->data = ch; 52 | createTree(&(*T)->pLchild); 53 | createTree(&(*T)->pRchild); 54 | }; 55 | }; 56 | 57 | // 递归——->先序遍历 58 | // 先访问根节点，再访问左子节点，最后访问右子节点 59 | void preOrderTree(BiTree T){ 60 | if(T == NULL) { 61 | return; 62 | } 63 | printf("%c \n", T->data); 64 | preOrderTree(T->pLchild); 65 | preOrderTree(T->pRchild); 66 | }; 67 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------