├── README.md └── LICENSE /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Modern Math 2 | A collection of modern math learning resources. Uses books and videos. 3 | * [New Math](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Math) | [Math Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_education) 4 | 5 | # Contents 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | * [Table of Contents](#contents) 10 | * [General Resources](#general-resources) 11 | * [Youtube Series](#youtube-series) 12 | * [Tools](#tools) 13 | * [Books](#books) 14 | * [Algebra](#algebra) 15 | * [Analysis](#analysis) 16 | * [Probability and Statistics](#probability-and-statistics) 17 | * [Probability Theory](#probability-theory) 18 | * [Statistics](#statistics) 19 | * [Mathematics for Computer Science](#mathematics-for-computer-science) 20 | * [Mathematical Physics](#mathematical-physics) 21 | * [Contribute](#contribute) 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | # General Resources 26 | 27 | ## Learning Platforms 28 | 29 | * [OpenAlgebra](https://www.openalgebra.com/) free, links to short videos 30 | * [Ximera](https://ximera.osu.edu/) free interactive mathematics textbooks (Ohio StateU) 31 | * [Math.net](https://www.math.net/) brief lexis of math topics (up to calc) 32 | * [Khan Academy](https://www.khanacademy.org/math) free, recommended by many schools for practice, limited 33 | * [Coolmath](https://www.coolmath.com/) free, good visual examples (up to pre-calc) 34 | * [Calculus.org](http://calculus.org/) various links to calculus resources 35 | * [RealNotComplex](https://realnotcomplex.com) several links of math topics 36 | 37 | ## Learn to Learn 38 | 39 | * [Understanding Mathematics](https://github.com/nelson-brochado/understanding-math) 40 | 41 | ## Recommended List 42 | 43 | * [Algebra Collection](https://math.oit.edu/~watermang/texts.html) diverse, brief with [links](https://youtube.com/@watermanOIT) 44 | * [Before Calculus](https://archive.org/details/beforecalculusfu1989leit) pick it 45 | * [Precalculus Collection](https://www.stitz-zeager.com/) Various books on precalculus AIO [bundle](https://www.openintro.org/) 46 | * [Trig Worksheet](https://www.trigcheatsheet.com/) diagram worksheet 47 | * [Understanding Linear Algebra](https://understandinglinearalgebra.org/home.html) good book, clear 48 | * [Interactive Linear Algebra](https://textbooks.math.gatech.edu/ila/ila.pdf) great book, 450 pages 49 | * [Tea Time Linear Algebra](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lqbrin/tea-time-linear/main/TeaTimeLinearAlgebra-edition02.pdf) best book possibly 50 | * [GNU Octave Intro](https://www.wcc.vccs.edu/sites/default/files/Introduction-to-GNU-Octave.pdf) Bonus 51 | * [Abstract Algebra](http://abstract.ups.edu/download/aata-20220728.pdf) 52 | * [A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Mathematics](https://giam.southernct.edu/GIAM/GIAM.pdf) 'intro to proofs' 53 | * [Probability for the Enthusiastic Beginner](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/13058663/Probability2016.pdf) intense 'beginner' book 54 | * [Introduction to Probability](https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/stat110/) full resources, best prob book 55 | * [Introductory Statistics Explained](https://dropbox.com/s/ovh113q3yragh9p/jb_ies_110_CC.pdf?e=1&dl=0) Balka, stats sage, very [organized](https://jbstatistics.com/text-resources) 56 | * [Multivariable Calculus](https://www.whitman.edu/mathematics/multivariable/) ok intro, use 'early transcendental' versions 57 | * [Vector Calculus](https://mecmath.net/VectorCalculus.pdf) 'calc3' 58 | * [Measure, Integration & Real Analysis](https://measure.axler.net/MIRA.pdf) difficult text 59 | 60 | 61 | ## Youtube Series 62 | * [YoutubePlaylistCalc](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/youtube-playlist-duration-calc/) [&Length](https://www.playlistlength.com/), use 'YouTube Speed Controller' 63 | * [StatQuest](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtYLUTtgS3k1Fg4y5tAhLbw) statistics, and some AI stuff 64 | * [3Blue1Brown](https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown) some good videos 65 | * [To The Point Math](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDesaqWTN6ETc1ZwHWijCBcZ2gOvS2tTN) breakdown from algebra to calc 66 | * [The Organic Chemistry Tutor](https://www.youtube.com/@TheOrganicChemistryTutor/playlists) great channel, TOCT teaches every subject efficiently 67 | * [Mathematical Monk](https://www.youtube.com/@mathematicalmonk) byte-sized scientific maths (2010), check probability playlist 68 | * [HamblinMath](https://www.youtube.com/@HamblinMath) variety of math vids, check linear algebra playlist 69 | 70 | ## Tools 71 | 72 | * [Desmos](https://www.desmos.com/calculator) useful graphs 73 | * [Symbolab](https://www.symbolab.com) 74 | * [Sagemath](http://www.sagemath.org/) 75 | * [Singular](https://www.singular.uni-kl.de/) might be useful 76 | * [GNU Octave](https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/) useful, works with matlab 77 | * [VisualFractions](https://visualfractions.com/) useful examples 78 | * [Cymath](https://cymath.com), [Mathway](https://mathway.com), & [Tiger-algebra](https://tiger-algebra.com) check 79 | * [Magma](http://magma.maths.usyd.edu.au/magma/) 80 | * [Typst](https://typst.app/) Modern TeX alternative 81 | * [CopyPasteMathjax](https://www.copypastemathjax.com/) 82 | * [SpeedCrunch](https://heldercorreia.bitbucket.io/speedcrunch/download.html)&[Insect](https://insect.sh/) calculators 83 | 84 | ## Books 85 | 86 | * [Pre-Algebra](https://www.redwoods.edu/Portals/121/PreAlgText/Prealgebra.pdf) 87 | * [Beginning and Intermediate Algebra](http://www.wallace.ccfaculty.org/book/book.html) 88 | * [Trigonometry](https://www.mecmath.net/trig/Trigonometry.pdf) 89 | * [Precalculus](http://www.wallace.ccfaculty.org/) - Wallace, many learning materials 90 | * [Calculus: Basic Concepts for High Schools](https://archive.org/details/TarasovCalculus) - L.V. Tarasov 91 | * [Multivariable Calculus](http://people.math.gatech.edu/%7Ecain/notes/calculus.html) - G. Cain, J. Herod (Georgia Tech) 92 | * [Basics of Algebra, Topology, and Differential Calculus](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~jean/math-basics.pdf) - Gallier (UPenn) TOME, good 93 | * [Online Mathematics Textbooks](https://web.archive.org/web/20220524045314/https://people.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html) 94 | * [Free Mathematics Books](https://github.com/EbookFoundation/free-programming-books/blob/master/books/free-programming-books-subjects.md#mathematics) 95 | 96 | ## Magazines 97 | 98 | * [American Mathematical Society](https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/all_issues.html) - Insight on particular math topics. Useful, many articles dating back to early 1900s 99 | * [Institute of Mathematics and its Applications](https://ima.org.uk/publications/mathematics-today/) - News, opinions, and articles related to mathematics. Interesting posts 100 | * [Canadian Mathematical Society](https://cms.math.ca/publications/crux/) - Unique, challenging math for undergraduate levels. Includes an Olympiad Corner. Hyper-organized open resources 101 | 102 | ## Blogs 103 | 104 | * [BetterExplained](https://betterexplained.com/) - Maintained by Kalid Azad 105 | * [How to Become a Pure Math Statistician](https://hbpms.blogspot.com/) list of undergrad resources, 2012 106 | 107 | ## Misc 108 | * [Recreations in Math](http://djm.cc/library/Recreations_in_Mathematics_Licks_edited.pdf) - H. E. Licks (1917) this is a pretty interesting book, it goes over the history of math 109 | * [Magic Squares and Cubes](http://djm.cc/library/Magic_Squares_Cubes_Andrews_edited.pdf) - Andrews (1917) goes over magic squares and their history, interesting but extra 110 | 111 | # Lecture Notes 112 | 113 | ## Foundations of Mathematics 114 | 115 | ### Transition To Pure Rigour Math 116 | * [Basic Concepts of Mathematics](http://www.trillia.com/zakon1.html) - Elias Zakon 117 | 118 | ### Set Theory 119 | 120 | * [Sets, Relations, Functions](http://www.cosc.brocku.ca/~duentsch/papers/methprimer1.html) same thing, but specific 121 | * [An Introduction to Set Theory](http://www.math.toronto.edu/weiss/set_theory.pdf) - Weiss, kinda boring, but maybe important 122 | 123 | ### Logic 124 | 125 | * [An Introduction to Formal Logic](https://www.fecundity.com/codex/forallx.pdf) - P.D. Magnus (University at Albany) 126 | * [A Problem Course in Mathematical Logic](http://euclid.trentu.ca/math/sb/pcml/pcml-16.pdf) - Stefan Bilaniuk (Trent University) 127 | * [Infinite Descent into Pure Math](https://infinitedescent.xyz/dl/infdesc.pdf) decent alternative 128 | * [Language, Proof, and Logic](http://homepages.uc.edu/~martinj/Symbolic_Logic/341%20Syllabus,%20Textbook,%20Handouts,%20Notes/LPL%20textbook.pdf) advanced text on 'logic' 129 | * [Formal Logic](http://maude.sip.ucm.es/~miguelpt/papers/flogic.pdf) brief 130 | * [Predictive Arithmetic](https://web.math.princeton.edu/~nelson/books/pa.pdf) old book, maybe useful? 131 | * [Proofs and Concepts](http://people.uleth.ca/~dave.morris/books/proofs+concepts.html) easy intro to proofs, 2016 132 | * [Book of Proof](https://richardhammack.github.io/BookOfProof/Main.pdf) ok proofs book 133 | * [Logic and Proof](http://leanprover.github.io/logic_and_proof/) another good intro 134 | * [Open Logic Textbook](http://builds.openlogicproject.org/) L collaborative effort, main contributors listed [here](https://openlogicproject.org/people/) 135 | 136 | ### Category Theory 137 | 138 | * [Category Theory for Computing Science](https://web.archive.org/web/20181221233252/http://www.math.mcgill.ca/triples/Barr-Wells-ctcs.pdf) ok, maybe useful at some point 139 | * [Applied Category Theory](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.05316.pdf) maybe useful, organized Fong & Spivak 140 | 141 | ### Homotopy Type Theory 142 | 143 | * [Homotopy Type Theory](https://hottheory.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/hott-online-611-ga1a258c.pdf) definitely interesting 144 | 145 | ## Number Theory 146 | 147 | * [Elementary Number Theory](http://math.utoledo.edu/~codenth/Spring_13/3200/ENT-books/Elementary_Number_Theory-Clark.pdf) ok intro text 148 | * [Elementary Number Theory:Primes, Congruences, and Secrets](https://wstein.org/ent/ent.pdf) **great** brief text 149 | * [A Course on Number Theory](http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~pjc/notes/nt.pdf) light text on number theory 150 | * [Number Theory for Beginners](https://www.amazon.com/Number-Theory-Beginners-Andre-Weil/dp/038790381X) old classic 151 | * [Introduction to the Theory of Numbers](http://www.trillia.com/dA/moser-number-a4-one.pdf) mid 152 | * [Number Theory: A Contemporary Introduction](http://alpha.math.uga.edu/~pete/4400FULL.pdf) interesting text, although font sucks 153 | * [Yet Another Introductory Number Theory Textbook](https://www.poritz.net/jonathan/share/yaintt.pdf) decent 154 | 155 | ### Algebraic Number Theory 156 | 157 | * [Introduction to Algebraic Number Theory](https://feog.github.io/ANT10.pdf) - F. Oggier interesting stuff, worth reading 158 | * [Algebraic Number Theory](http://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNotes/ANT.pdf) edited many times, worth reading at some point 159 | * [A Course In Algebraic Number Theory](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11938549/Algebraic-Number-Theory_Robert_Ash.pdf) 160 | 161 | ### Analytic Number Theory 162 | 163 | * [Introduction to Analytic Number Theory](http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~hildebr/ant/main.pdf) ok text w notation 164 | * [Elements of Analytic Number Theory](http://math.nsc.ru/~vdovin/lectures/numth_eng.pdf) organized 165 | 166 | ## Algebra 167 | 168 | ### College Algebra 169 | 170 | * [Intermediate Algebra](https://math.oit.edu/~watermang/math_100/100book.pdf) Gregg Waterman, OIT 171 | * [College Algebra](https://math.oit.edu/~watermang/math_111/111book.pdf) Waterman, OIT 172 | * [Algebra Collection](https://math.oit.edu/~watermang/texts.html) diverse, brief [author links](youtube.com/@watermanOIT) 173 | * [College Algebra](https://github.com/HimoriK/modern-math-collection/files/13861652/College.algebra.--.Leithold.1980.pdf) Leithold, 1980 174 | 175 | ### Abstract Algebra 176 | 177 | * [Introduction to Abstract Algebra](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11939661/MTH_581-582_Introduction_to_Abstract_Algebra.pdf) Introductory text with notation 178 | * [Abstract Algebra: AMS](https://amazon.com/Algebra-Chelsea-Publishing-Saunders-Lane/dp/0821816462) Classic, timeless book 179 | * [Introduction to Modern Algebra](http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/ma225/algebra.pdf) Clear text, must read 180 | * [Algebraic Methods](https://feog.github.io/AA11.pdf) - F. Oggier (Check their extra works at their .io domain) 181 | * [An Undergraduate Course in Abstract Algebra](http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/bobh/UoS/rfwhole.pdf) - Howlett, author tried to make the subject easy 182 | * [Synopsis of Pure Mathematics](https://archive.org/details/synopsisofelemen00carrrich) Ramanujan used it, careful its from 1886 183 | * [Noncommutative Rings](https://amazon.com/First-Course-Noncommutative-Graduate-Mathematics/dp/0387953256) 184 | 185 | ### Group Theory 186 | 187 | * [Group Theory](http://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNotes/GT.pdf) - J.S. Milne good 188 | * [Notes on Finite Group Theory](http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~pjc/notes/gt.pdf) - Peter J. Cameron ok, interesting at some point 189 | 190 | ### Linear Algebra 191 | 192 | * [Fundamentals of Linear Algebra](http://www.math.ubc.ca/~carrell/NB.pdf) - Carrell good 193 | * [Understanding Linear Algebra](https://understandinglinearalgebra.org/home.html) - David Austin good, organized well 194 | * [Linear Algebra and Matrices](https://web.archive.org/web/20140824074655/http://mathstat.helsinki.fi/~fluch/linear_algebra_1-sp07/la1.pdf) - Martin Fluch good 195 | * [Linear Algebra](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Linear-Algebra-Nathaniel-Johnston/dp/3030528103) [vid](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJcROj6fP4s) 196 | * [Vector Space Theory](http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/bobh/UoS/MATH2902/vswhole.pdf) - Howlett interesting, watermarked 197 | * [Linear Algebra](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Jim_Hefferon_-_Linear_Algebra_%284th_Edition%29.pdf) - Hefferon, its ok 198 | * [Intro Linear Algebra](https://math.oit.edu/~watermang/math_341/341book_18.pdf) solid, may need formatting or update Waterman, 2016 199 | * [Elementary Linear Algebra](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/13064537/Elementary.Linear.Algebra.-.Munkres.1964.pdf) dated, possibly useful Munkres, 1964 200 | * [A First Courses in Linear Algebra](http://linear.ups.edu/) - Breezer 201 | * [Linear Algebra](https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~linear/) - Cherney, etc 202 | * [Introduction to Applied Linear Algebra](https://web.stanford.edu/~boyd/vmls/vmls.pdf) - Boyd (Stanford), Vandenberghe (UCLA) It's pretty good 203 | * [Elements of Abstract & Linear Algebra](https://www.math.miami.edu/~ec/book/book.pdf) Connell, good 204 | * [Immersive Linear Algebra](http://immersivemath.com/ila/index.html) - J. Ström etc Interesting, 205 | * [Interactive Linear Algebra](https://textbooks.math.gatech.edu/ila/) - Margalit & Rabinoff Read PDF, the site can be confusing, text heavy, in depth 206 | * [Linear Algebra 5th ed](https://www.amazon.com/Linear-Algebra-5th-Stephen-Friedberg/dp/B0B9HBT4XH) I heard this was good 207 | * [Linear Algebra Done Wrong](https://www.math.brown.edu/streil/papers/LADW/LADW_2024_10-01.pdf) - Treil 208 | * Serge Lang Intro to / linear algebra (Optional, has 2 versions) terse, dated w errors 209 | 210 | ### Galois Theory 211 | 212 | * [Fields and Galois Theory](http://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNotes/FT.pdf) - J.S. Milne ok 213 | 214 | ## Combinatorics 215 | 216 | * [Basic Combinatorics](http://www.math.utk.edu/~wagner/papers/comb.pdf) Good 217 | * [Applied Combinatorics](http://people.math.gatech.edu/~trotter/book.pdf) ok but formatting 218 | * [Foundations of Combinatorics with Applications](https://archive.org/download/flooved3540/flooved3540.pdf) direct, dated 219 | * [Analytic Combinatorics](http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet/Publications/book.pdf) good book, 800+ pages 220 | 221 | ### Graph Theory 222 | 223 | * [Graph Theory 5th Edition](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11980196/GTM.pdf) - Diestel recent but text heavy 224 | * [Graph Theory](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11980263/Graph.theory-Springer2008.pdf) - explanatory, lengthy, old w few good resources on subject 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | ## Geometry and Topology 229 | 230 | * [Euclid's Elements Redux](https://ia800701.us.archive.org/28/items/euclid-elements-redux_201809/euclid-a4.pdf) Rare 231 | * [Non Euclidean Geometry MAA](https://amazon.com/Non-Euclidean-Geometry-Mathematical-Association-Textbooks/dp/0883855224) 232 | * [Introduction to Euclidean Space](https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.1630) 233 | * [Geometry and Its Applications](https://a.co/d/dyOki90) new 234 | * [Classical Euclidean Geometry](https://amazon.com/Classical-Geometry-Euclidean-Transformational-Projective/dp/1118679199) 235 | * [Geometry](https://www.amazon.com/Geometry-Edwin-Moise/dp/0201253356) 236 | * [Analytic Geometry](http://djm.cc/library/Analytic_Geometry_Siceloff_Wentworth_Smith_edited.pdf) - Wentworth, etc (1922) maybe useful 237 | 238 | ### Differential Geometry 239 | 240 | * [Lectures on Differential Geometry](http://mysite.science.uottawa.ca/rossmann/Differential%20Geometry%20book_files/Diffgeo.pdf) - Wulf Rossmann good to read at some point 241 | * [Semi-Riemann Geometry and General Relativity](http://www.math.harvard.edu/~shlomo/docs/semi_riemannian_geometry.pdf) - Shlomo Sternberg advanced 242 | 243 | ### Algebraic Geometry 244 | 245 | * [Introduction to Algebraic Geometry](http://www.math.lsa.umich.edu/~idolga/631.pdf) - Igor V. Dolgachev mid read 246 | * [Algebraic Geometry](http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~jean/algeoms.pdf) - Gallier, Shatz (UPenn) avg 247 | * [Algebraic Geometry](http://www.jmilne.org/math/CourseNotes/AG.pdf) - J.S. Milne straightforward 248 | 249 | ### Topology 250 | 251 | * [Principles of Topology](https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Topology-Dover-Books-Mathematics/dp/0486801543) Croom (easiest introduction) 252 | * [Topology](https://www.amazon.com/Topology-Classic-Classics-Advanced-Mathematics/dp/0134689518) Munkres (highly recommended) 253 | * [General Topology](http://www.math.ku.dk/~moller/e03/3gt/notes/gtnotes.pdf) good 254 | * [Topology for Computing](https://www.amazon.com/Computing-Cambridge-Monographs-Computational-Mathematics/dp/0521136091) 255 | * [Topology, Geometry and Gauge fields: Foundations](https://www.amazon.com/Topology-Geometry-Gauge-fields-Foundations/dp/1441972536) good examples 256 | * [Topology Topics](http://mathonline.wikidot.com/topology) wiki 257 | 258 | ### Algebraic Topology 259 | 260 | * [Algebraic Topology](http://www.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/AT/AT.pdf) ok 261 | * [A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology](http://www.math.uchicago.edu/~may/CONCISE/ConciseRevised.pdf) good 262 | * [Algebraic Topology](https://www.ma.utexas.edu/ibl1/courses/resources/12_15_07_grad_alg_top_mooremethod.pdf) ok 263 | * [Topology: A Categorical Approach](https://topology.mitpress.mit.edu/) topology using category theory 264 | 265 | 266 | ## Analysis 267 | 268 | ### Real Analysis 269 | 270 | * [Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals](http://www.math.wisc.edu/~keisler/calc.html) Good 271 | * [The Calculus 7](https://a.co/d/7qKoCsh) Legendary calculus book [single variable](https://archive.org/details/calculus7ofsingl0000leit/mode/2up?view=theater) 272 | * [A ProblemText in Advanced Calculus](http://web.pdx.edu/~erdman/PTAC/problemtext_pdf.pdf) ok eventually 273 | * [Calculus and Linear Algebra. Vol. 1](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.5597602.0001.001) old but ok, combines topics well & has a refresher of prior maths 274 | * [Calculus and Linear Algebra. Vol. 2](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/s/spobooks/5597602.0002.001) ^2 275 | * [Elementary Calculus](https://www.mecmath.net/calculus/ElementaryCalculus.pdf) **GREAT** book, has followups 276 | * [Active Calculus](http://faculty.gvsu.edu/boelkinm/Home/Active_Calculus.html) **Challenging** workbooks, elegant formatting 277 | * [Calculus Made Easy](https://schtschenok.github.io/calculus-made-easy/) - Silvanus P. Thompson (1910) **Important** 278 | * [An Introduction to Real Analysis](https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/intro_analysis_pdf/intro_analysis.pdf) ok 279 | * [Elementary Real Analysis](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11967359/TBB-AllChapters-Landscape.pdf) **GREAT** book 280 | * [Basic Analysis: Introduction to Real Analysis](https://www.jirka.org/ra/) current 2023, open source, webwork **GREAT** book 281 | * [Sequential Introduction Real Analysis](https://www.amazon.com/Sequential-Introduction-Essential-Textbooks-Mathematics/dp/1783267828) best intro? 282 | * [Analysis I](https://www.amazon.com/Terence-Tao-Analysis-Mathematics-CORRECTED/dp/B07WHR7TDF) [Blog](https://terrytao.wordpress.com/books/analysis-i/) recommended, 'superior to Rudin' , Tao 283 | * [Understanding Analysis](https://csunibo.github.io/analisi-matematica/libri/real-analysis.pdf) Abbot real analysis of the single variable, good 284 | * [Differential and Integral Calculus, Vol.1](https://ia802904.us.archive.org/21/items/ost-math-courant-differentialintegralcalculusvoli/Courant-DifferentialIntegralCalculusVolI.pdf) Courant Calculus, praised as legendary 285 | * [Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, Vol. 1](https://archive.org/details/introductiontoca00cour/page/n27/mode/2up) Courant Calculus with Analysis, classic 1965 **Excellent** 286 | * [Lecture Notes in Real Analysis](http://ms.mcmaster.ca/~sawyer/Publications/Real_Analysis.pdf) ok eventually 287 | * [Modern Real Analysis](http://www.math.purdue.edu/~torres/pubs/Modern-real-analysis.pdf) ok 288 | * [Mathematical Analysis Vol I](http://www.trillia.com/zakon-analysisI.html) 289 | * [Mathematical Analysis Vol II](http://www.trillia.com/zakon-analysisII.html) ok^2 w solutions 290 | * [The Calculus of Functions of Several Variables](http://www.synechism.org/wp/the-calculus-of-functions-of-several-variables/) ok at some point 291 | * [Tea Time Numerical Analysis](https://lqbrin.github.io/tea-time-numerical/index.html) ok 292 | * [Complex Analysis](https://www.amazon.com/Complex-Analysis-Springer-Undergraduate-Mathematics/dp/1852337338) 293 | 294 | ### Harmonic Analysis 295 | 296 | * [Lecture Notes: Fourier Transform and its Applications](https://see.stanford.edu/materials/lsoftaee261/book-fall-07.pdf) Well explained, in depth 297 | * [Fourier Analysis](http://www.reed.edu/physics/courses/Physics331.f08/pdf/Fourier.pdf) - Lucas I - good starting point, 20pgs 298 | * [Mathematics of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) with Audio Applications](https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/mdft) html, organized, might replace 299 | 300 | ### Complex Analysis 301 | 302 | * [Introduction to Complex Analysis](https://mtaylor.web.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/16915/2018/04/complex.pdf) ok 303 | * [An Introduction to Complex Analysis and Geometry](http://www.math.uiuc.edu/~jpda/jpd-complex-geometry-book-5-refs-bip.pdf) brief 304 | * [Complex Variables](http://people.math.sc.edu/girardi/m7034/book/AshComplexVariablesWithHyperlinks.pdf) ok, more indepth 305 | * [Complex Analysis](http://people.math.gatech.edu/%7Ecain/winter99/complex.html) fair 306 | * [Interactive Complex Analysis](https://complex-analysis.com/) **interactive** deep dive 307 | 308 | ### Functional Analysis (advanced) 309 | 310 | * [An Introduction to Functional Analysis](https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~lwmarcou/notes/pmath453.pdf) ok at some point 311 | * [Functional Analysis: Lecture Notes](http://users.math.msu.edu/users/jeffrey/920/920notes.pdf) very explanatory, text heavy 312 | * [Topics in Real and Functional Analysis](https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~gerald/ftp/book-fa/fa.pdf) might be important at some point 313 | * [Functional Analysis](http://www2.math.ou.edu/~cremling/teaching/lecturenotes/fa-new/LN-I.pdf) ok, somewhat crammed 314 | * [Theory of Functions of a Real Variable](http://www.math.harvard.edu/~shlomo/docs/Real_Variables.pdf) ok, organized 315 | 316 | ### Measure Theory 317 | 318 | * [An Introduction to Measure Theory](https://terrytao.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/gsm-126-tao5-measure-book.pdf) - Terence Tao (UCLA) ok 319 | * [Lecture Notes in Measure Theory](http://www.math.chalmers.se/~https://dl200.vdocument.in/file_download/file1/5a9ad0477f8b9a9c5b8de099?ext=pdf&vaild=cd8ed7610357e6a8ce3445fd2ab5736cc3e9f3d71cb5683daca2d89699919a7e17e8186c51bd8e5c50dce9687be6ad6c00bd5f9a34dac994f2e17699cc9a29bdo0wPMyP8EZDgem22vkxdfcuwzGP2vNnjGTiMKJ7BwTTSyKv0qOCa3WHO5PQfyuNqgaiHhLZ7kY4qrR3Hy8HgrQllB0L3jpOruRCB9bxoKRg=) - Steve Cheng 320 | * [Measure Theory](https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/measure_theory/measure_notes.pdf) good, short 321 | * [Measure and Integration](https://people.math.ethz.ch/~salamon/PREPRINTS/measure.pdf) more in-depth 322 | * [Lecture notes: Measure Theory](http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~bdriver/240-00-01/Lecture_Notes/measurep.pdf) sparse 323 | 324 | ### Ordinary Differential Equations 325 | 326 | * [Elementary Differential Equations With Boundary Value Problems](https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=mono) - Trench pretty good 327 | 328 | ### Partial Differential Equations 329 | 330 | * [Notes on Partial Differential Equations](https://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hunter/pdes/pde_notes.pdf) ok, organized (section needs a revamp) 331 | 332 | 333 | ## Probability and Statistics 334 | 335 | ### Probability Theory 336 | 337 | * [A Short Introduction to Probability](http://www.maths.uq.edu.au/~kroese/asitp.pdf) - Kroese (University of Queensland) good intro 338 | * [Probability and Statistics Cookbook](https://github.com/mavam/stat-cookbook/releases/download/0.2.3/stat-cookbook.pdf) - Vallentin (UC Berkeley) cookbook cheatsheet 339 | * [The Only Probability Cheatsheet You'll Ever Need](http://www.wzchen.com/probability-cheatsheet/) - Chen, also check [Introduction to Probability](https://github.com/HimoriK/modern-math-collection/files/13261277/Introduction.to.Probability.pdf) 340 | * [Introduction to Probability](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Probability-Harold-J-Larson/dp/0201512866) Good, Larson 1995 341 | * [Foundations of Constructive Probability Theory](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.01803.pdf) - Yuen-Kwok Chan, ok text 342 | 343 | ### Statistics 344 | 345 | * [Theory of Statistics](http://mason.gmu.edu/~jgentle/books/MathStat.pdf) - J Gentle (lengthy, good) 346 | * [Odds and Ends: Introducing Probability & Decision with Visual Emphasis](https://jonathanweisberg.org/vip/) fun w examples 347 | * [Knowing the Odds: An Introduction to Probability](https://github.com/HimoriK/awesome-math/files/11974946/Knowing.the.Odds.pdf) elegant, bridges intermediate concepts 348 | * [Seeing Theory](https://seeing-theory.brown.edu/) visual 349 | * [Beginning Statistics](https://ia800200.us.archive.org/29/items/2012BeginningStatistics/2012_beginning-statistics.pdf) [or](https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Statistics/Introductory_Statistics_(Shafer_and_Zhang)) (v2 'Introductory Statistics: A First Course') 350 | * [Statistics: An Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Probability-Harold-J-Larson/dp/0201512866) Many exercises, Larson 1975 351 | * [Introductory Statistics](https://amazon.com/Introductory-Statistics-9th-Prem-Mann-ebook/dp/B01DV7OEBY) Prem, decent 352 | * [Probability and Statistics for Economists](https://www.amazon.com/Probability-Statistics-Economists-Bruce-Hansen/dp/0691235945) Bruce, good 353 | * [Econometrics](https://www.amazon.com/Econometrics-Bruce-Hansen/dp/0691235899) Bruce, good 354 | * [Introduction to Statistics and Econometrics](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Statistics-Econometrics-Takeshi-Amemiya/dp/0674462254) ok 355 | 356 | ### Statistical Learning 357 | 358 | * [Intro to Probability Theory & Statistical Inference](https://amazon.com/Introduction-Probability-Theory-Statistical-Inference/dp/0471059099) Good, indepth, Larson 1991 359 | * [An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in Python](https://www.statlearning.com) in Python or R 360 | * [Statistical Learning Theory](https://web.stanford.edu/class/cs229t/notes.pdf) - Percy Liang ok notes 361 | * [Machine Learning for Engineers and Scientists](https://smlbook.org/book/sml-book-draft-latest.pdf) great introduction to machine learning, 2022 362 | * [Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction](https://ia802802.us.archive.org/8/items/rlbook2018/RLbook2018.pdf) mid, small font 363 | * [Probabilistic Machine Learning: An Introduction](https://probml.github.io/pml-book/book1.html) 364 | * [Essential Statistical Physics](https://www.amazon.com/Essential-Statistical-Physics-Malcolm-Kennett/dp/1108480780) 365 | 366 | ### Stochastic processes 367 | 368 | * [Probability and Stochastic Processes with Applications](http://www.math.harvard.edu/~knill/teaching/math144_1994/probability.pdf) Some explanation 369 | * [Lecture Notes on Stochastic Processes](http://www.mi.fu-berlin.de/wiki/pub/CompMolBio/MarkovKetten15/stochastic_processes_2011.pdf) not bad, but brief notes 370 | * [Introduction to Stochastic Processes - Lecture Notes](https://www.ma.utexas.edu/users/gordanz/notes/introduction_to_stochastic_processes.pdf) another good review 371 | * [Applied Stochastic Processes in science and engineering](https://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/~mscott/Little_Notes.pdf) historical notes of processes 372 | * [An Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Continuous Time](http://www.math.leidenuniv.nl/~spieksma/colleges/sp-master/sp-hvz1.pdf) brief explanatory process 373 | * [Markov Chains and Mixing Times](http://pages.uoregon.edu/dlevin/MARKOV/markovmixing.pdf) Indepth on Markov Chains 374 | 375 | 376 | ## Numerical Analysis 377 | 378 | * [Introduction to Numerical Analysis](http://www.math.umd.edu/~dlevy/resources/notes.pdf) Clear notes 379 | * [Numerical Analysis](http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~ridg/newna/nalrs.pdf) concise, good intro with examples 380 | * [Advanced Numerical Methods and Applications to Industrial Problems](https://user.math.uni-bremen.de/schmi/SS04/YSU_Notes.pdf) mathematical modeling 381 | 382 | 383 | ## Signal processing 384 | 385 | * [Introduction to Signal Processing](http://www.ece.rutgers.edu/~orfanidi/intro2sp/orfanidis-i2sp.pdf) thick, but good book 386 | * [Think DSP](https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-dsp/) Incredibly short python book on DSP concepts 387 | * [Linear algebra, signal processing, and wavelets: Unified](https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/math/MAT-INF2360/v15/kompendium/applinalgpython.pdf) Maybe important eventually 388 | 389 | 390 | ## Mathematics for Computer Science 391 | 392 | * [Mathematics for Computer Science](https://people.csail.mit.edu/meyer/mcs.pdf) - Good reference, brief 2015 393 | * [Isomorphism](https://github.com/liuxinyu95/unplugged/files/11070580/unplugged-en.pdf) fun math programming book 394 | * [TheoryOfComputation](https://cglab.ca/~michiel/TheoryOfComputation/TheoryOfComputation.pdf) good 395 | * [Discrete Structures for Computer Science:Counting, Recursion, and Probability](https://cglab.ca/~michiel/DiscreteStructures/DiscreteStructures.pdf) optional 396 | * [PML Machine Learning](https://github.com/probml/pml-book/releases/latest/download/book1.pdf) 397 | * [Lecture Notes on Optimization](http://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~varaiya/papers_ps.dir/NOO.pdf) grad level 398 | * [Computer Networks](https://intronetworks.cs.luc.edu/current2/ComputerNetworks.pdf) detailed, good book 399 | * [Computer Networking Principles & Practice](https://beta.computer-networking.info) eh 400 | * [Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms](http://www.inference.org.uk/mackay/itila/book.html) good intro book, pair with prerquisite 401 | * [Chaos: Classical and Quantum](https://chaosbook.org/chapters/ChaosBook.pdf) wacky writing, maybe something of interest 402 | * [Deep Learning Introduction](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2uXPz3wyCk&list=PLMsTLcO6etti_SObSLvk9ZNvoS_0yia57&t=67s) relevant by Durham University 403 | * [OpenMLGuide](openmlguide.org) updated guide to learn AI/ML 404 | * [Algorithm and Systems Analysis](https://amazon.com/dp/0486442500) old book on algorithms 405 | 406 | ## Mathematical Biology 407 | 408 | * [Mathematical Biology](http://www.math.ust.hk/~machas/mathematical-biology.pdf) pretty good, straightforward 409 | 410 | ## Mathematical Physics 411 | 412 | * [Introduction to Continuum Mechanics](https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/2501/IntroductionToContinuumMechanicsRevisedEdition.pdf?sequence=6&isAllowed=y) Advanced text 413 | * [Mathematical Tools for Physics](http://www.physics.miami.edu/nearing/mathmethods/) - James Nearing 414 | * [An Introduction to Mechanics](https://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Mechanics-Daniel-Kleppner/dp/0521198119) more modern, eh text 415 | * [Physics, Parts 1 & 2, Combined Edition](https://www.amazon.com/Physics-Parts-1-2-Combined/dp/B001E0ACHQ) 1966 raved as best book to learn physics, [updated version](https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Physics-Extended-David-Halliday-ebook/dp/B09P23L6NK) Principles of Physics easier to read. 416 | * [Mechanics Introduction](https://www.amazon.com/Mechanics-Extended-Introduction-Shankar-Balasubramanian/dp/1518659918) 2016, seems good 417 | * [Fundamental University Physics Vol 3](https://www.if.ufrj.br/~rrds/cursos/fisica3/Alonso_%20Finn-Fundamental_University_Physics-Vol_III.pdf) classic series, interesting, referenced as the best 418 | * [The Mechanical Universe: Introduction to Mechanics and Heat](https://www.amazon.com/Mechanical-Universe-Introduction-Mechanics-Heat/dp/0521304296) classic, contains calculus, 1985 419 | 420 | # Articles & Reports 421 | 422 | * [K-12 Aptitude Decline](https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/study-shows-parents-overestimate-their-students-academic-progress) 423 | * [Test Score Success Correlation](https://www.nber.org/papers/w30701) 424 | * [The Quest for Artificial Intelligence](https://ai.stanford.edu/~nilsson/QAI/qai.pdf) 425 | * [The Beginnings & Evolution of Algebra](https://github.com/HimoriK/modern-math-collection/files/13861730/The.beginnings.and.evolution.of.algebra.Bashmakova.pdf) 426 | * [Number Theory: An Approach Through History](https://archive.org/details/numbertheoryappr0000weil) 427 | * [Speed Mathematics](https://www.amazon.com/Speed-Mathematics-Bill-Handley/dp/0731407814) neat tricks 428 | * [The Exact Sciences in Antiquity](https://www.amazon.com/Exact-Sciences-Antiquity-Neugebauer/dp/0486223329) seems good 429 | * [Greek Mathematical Thought](https://www.amazon.com/Mathematical-Thought-Origin-Algebra-Mathematics/dp/0486272893) possibly biased 430 | 431 | ## Contribute 432 | 433 | Since there are many resources out there, the priority is to add notable but also niche ones that happen to be modern. 434 | If a source is incorrect or too outdated to use, and has too many critical errors, the goal is to replace or remove it. 435 | To contribute; 436 | 1. Fork the repo, make a new branch. 437 | 2. Make necessary changes within that branch. 438 | 3. Commit changes with clear notes and pull request. 439 | 440 | Any contributions are appreciated! 441 | 442 | [Table of Contents](https://github.com/HimoriK/modern-math-collection#contents) 443 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, 15 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to 16 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free 17 | software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the 18 | GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to 19 | any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to 20 | your programs, too. 21 | 22 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 23 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 24 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 25 | them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you 26 | want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new 27 | free programs, and that you know you can do these things. 28 | 29 | To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you 30 | these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have 31 | certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if 32 | you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. 33 | 34 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 35 | gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same 36 | freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive 37 | or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they 38 | know their rights. 39 | 40 | Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: 41 | (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License 42 | giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. 43 | 44 | For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains 45 | that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and 46 | authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as 47 | changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to 48 | authors of previous versions. 49 | 50 | Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run 51 | modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer 52 | can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of 53 | protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic 54 | pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to 55 | use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we 56 | have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those 57 | products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we 58 | stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions 59 | of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. 60 | 61 | Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. 62 | States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of 63 | software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to 64 | avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could 65 | make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that 66 | patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. 67 | 68 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 69 | modification follow. 70 | 71 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS 72 | 73 | 0. Definitions. 74 | 75 | "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. 76 | 77 | "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of 78 | works, such as semiconductor masks. 79 | 80 | "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this 81 | License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and 82 | "recipients" may be individuals or organizations. 83 | 84 | To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work 85 | in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an 86 | exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the 87 | earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work. 88 | 89 | A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based 90 | on the Program. 91 | 92 | To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without 93 | permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for 94 | infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a 95 | computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, 96 | distribution (with or without modification), making available to the 97 | public, and in some countries other activities as well. 98 | 99 | To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other 100 | parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through 101 | a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying. 102 | 103 | An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" 104 | to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible 105 | feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) 106 | tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the 107 | extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the 108 | work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If 109 | the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a 110 | menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. 111 | 112 | 1. Source Code. 113 | 114 | The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work 115 | for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source 116 | form of a work. 117 | 118 | A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official 119 | standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of 120 | interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that 121 | is widely used among developers working in that language. 122 | 123 | The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other 124 | than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of 125 | packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major 126 | Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that 127 | Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an 128 | implementation is available to the public in source code form. A 129 | "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component 130 | (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system 131 | (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to 132 | produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it. 133 | 134 | The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all 135 | the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable 136 | work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to 137 | control those activities. However, it does not include the work's 138 | System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free 139 | programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but 140 | which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source 141 | includes interface definition files associated with source files for 142 | the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically 143 | linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, 144 | such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those 145 | subprograms and other parts of the work. 146 | 147 | The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users 148 | can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding 149 | Source. 150 | 151 | The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that 152 | same work. 153 | 154 | 2. Basic Permissions. 155 | 156 | All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of 157 | copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated 158 | conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited 159 | permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a 160 | covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its 161 | content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your 162 | rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. 163 | 164 | You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not 165 | convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains 166 | in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose 167 | of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you 168 | with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with 169 | the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do 170 | not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works 171 | for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction 172 | and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of 173 | your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. 174 | 175 | Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under 176 | the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 177 | makes it unnecessary. 178 | 179 | 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. 180 | 181 | No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological 182 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 183 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or 184 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such 185 | measures. 186 | 187 | When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid 188 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention 189 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to 190 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or 191 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's 192 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of 193 | technological measures. 194 | 195 | 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies. 196 | 197 | You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you 198 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and 199 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; 200 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any 201 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; 202 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all 203 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. 204 | 205 | You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, 206 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. 207 | 208 | 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions. 209 | 210 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to 211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the 212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 213 | 214 | a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified 215 | it, and giving a relevant date. 216 | 217 | b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is 218 | released under this License and any conditions added under section 219 | 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to 220 | "keep intact all notices". 221 | 222 | c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this 223 | License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This 224 | License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 225 | additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, 226 | regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no 227 | permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not 228 | invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. 229 | 230 | d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display 231 | Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive 232 | interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your 233 | work need not make them do so. 234 | 235 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent 236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, 237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, 238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an 239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not 240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users 241 | beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work 242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other 243 | parts of the aggregate. 244 | 245 | 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms. 246 | 247 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms 248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the 249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, 250 | in one of these ways: 251 | 252 | a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 253 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the 254 | Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium 255 | customarily used for software interchange. 256 | 257 | b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 258 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a 259 | written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as 260 | long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product 261 | model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a 262 | copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the 263 | product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical 264 | medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no 265 | more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this 266 | conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the 267 | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. 268 | 269 | c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the 270 | written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This 271 | alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and 272 | only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord 273 | with subsection 6b. 274 | 275 | d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated 276 | place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the 277 | Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no 278 | further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the 279 | Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to 280 | copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source 281 | may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) 282 | that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain 283 | clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the 284 | Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the 285 | Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is 286 | available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements. 287 | 288 | e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided 289 | you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding 290 | Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no 291 | charge under subsection 6d. 292 | 293 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded 294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be 295 | included in conveying the object code work. 296 | 297 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any 298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, 299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation 300 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, 301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular 302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a 303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status 304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user 305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product 306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial 307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent 308 | the only significant mode of use of the product. 309 | 310 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, 311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install 312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from 313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must 314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object 315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because 316 | modification has been made. 317 | 318 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or 319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as 320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the 321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a 322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the 323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied 324 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply 325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install 326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has 327 | been installed in ROM). 328 | 329 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a 330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates 331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for 332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a 333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and 334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and 335 | protocols for communication across the network. 336 | 337 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, 338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly 339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in 340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for 341 | unpacking, reading or copying. 342 | 343 | 7. Additional Terms. 344 | 345 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this 346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. 347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall 348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent 349 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions 350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately 351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by 352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions. 353 | 354 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option 355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of 356 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own 357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place 358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, 359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. 360 | 361 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you 362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of 363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: 364 | 365 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the 366 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or 367 | 368 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or 369 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal 370 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or 371 | 372 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or 373 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in 374 | reasonable ways as different from the original version; or 375 | 376 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or 377 | authors of the material; or 378 | 379 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some 380 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or 381 | 382 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that 383 | material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of 384 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for 385 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on 386 | those licensors and authors. 387 | 388 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further 389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you 390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is 391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further 392 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains 393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this 394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms 395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does 396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying. 397 | 398 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you 399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the 400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating 401 | where to find the applicable terms. 402 | 403 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the 404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; 405 | the above requirements apply either way. 406 | 407 | 8. Termination. 408 | 409 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly 410 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or 411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under 412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third 413 | paragraph of section 11). 414 | 415 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your 416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) 417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and 418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright 419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means 420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation. 421 | 422 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 427 | your receipt of the notice. 428 | 429 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 431 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same 433 | material under section 10. 434 | 435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. 436 | 437 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or 438 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work 439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission 440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, 441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or 442 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do 443 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a 444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 445 | 446 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. 447 | 448 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically 449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and 450 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible 451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. 452 | 453 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an 454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an 455 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered 456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that 457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever 458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could 459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the 460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if 461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. 462 | 463 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the 464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may 465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of 466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation 467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that 468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for 469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it. 470 | 471 | 11. Patents. 472 | 473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 476 | 477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For 483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant 484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of 485 | this License. 486 | 487 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free 488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to 489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and 490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version. 491 | 492 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express 493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent 494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to 495 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a 496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a 497 | patent against the party. 498 | 499 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, 500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone 501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a 502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, 503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so 504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the 505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner 506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent 507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have 508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the 509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work 510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that 511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid. 512 | 513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or 514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a 515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties 516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify 517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license 518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered 519 | work and works based on it. 520 | 521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within 522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is 523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are 524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------