├── .gitignore ├── common_environment_mutations.txt ├── common_bucket_names.txt ├── README.md ├── main.go └── LICENSE /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .idea/ 2 | goGetBucket 3 | *.swp 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /common_environment_mutations.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | backup 2 | dev 3 | development 4 | stage 5 | s3 6 | staging 7 | prod 8 | production 9 | test 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /common_bucket_names.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | admin 2 | administrator 3 | alpha 4 | android 5 | app 6 | artifacts 7 | assets 8 | audit-logs 9 | audit 10 | aws-logs 11 | aws 12 | awslogs 13 | backup 14 | backups 15 | bak 16 | bamboo 17 | beta 18 | betas 19 | billing 20 | blog 21 | bucket 22 | build 23 | builds 24 | cache 25 | cdn 26 | club 27 | cluster 28 | common 29 | consultants 30 | contact 31 | corp 32 | corporate 33 | data 34 | dev 35 | developer 36 | developers 37 | development 38 | devops 39 | directory 40 | discount 41 | dl 42 | dns 43 | docker 44 | download 45 | downloads 46 | dynamo 47 | dynamodb 48 | ec2 49 | ecs 50 | elastic 51 | elb 52 | elk 53 | emails 54 | es 55 | events 56 | export 57 | files 58 | fileshare 59 | gcp 60 | git 61 | github 62 | gitlab 63 | graphite 64 | graphql 65 | help 66 | hub 67 | iam 68 | images 69 | img 70 | infra 71 | internal-tools 72 | internal 73 | ios 74 | jira 75 | js 76 | kubernetes 77 | landing 78 | ldap 79 | loadbalancer 80 | logs 81 | logstash 82 | mail 83 | main 84 | manuals 85 | mattermost 86 | media 87 | mercurial 88 | mobile 89 | mysql 90 | ops 91 | oracle 92 | packages 93 | photos 94 | pics 95 | pictures 96 | postgres 97 | presentations 98 | preview 99 | private 100 | pro 101 | prod 102 | production 103 | products 104 | project 105 | projects 106 | psql 107 | public 108 | rds 109 | repo 110 | reports 111 | resources 112 | s3 113 | screenshots 114 | scripts 115 | sec 116 | security 117 | services 118 | share 119 | shop 120 | sitemaps 121 | slack 122 | snapshots 123 | source 124 | splunk 125 | src 126 | stage 127 | staging 128 | static 129 | stats 130 | storage 131 | store 132 | subversion 133 | support 134 | svn 135 | syslog 136 | teamcity 137 | temp 138 | templates 139 | terraform 140 | test 141 | tmp 142 | traffic 143 | training 144 | travis 145 | troposphere 146 | uploads 147 | userpictures 148 | users 149 | ux 150 | videos 151 | web 152 | website 153 | wp 154 | www -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # goGetBucket - AWS S3 Bucket discovery through alterations and permutations 2 | 3 | > Warning: code is horrible as I have only used this for personal use. When I get the time I will make it less-horrible (and faster). 4 | 5 | When performing a recon on a domain - understanding assets they own is very important. AWS S3 bucket permissions have been confused time and time again, and have allowed for the exposure of sensitive material. 6 | 7 | What this tool does, is enumerate S3 bucket names using common patterns I have identified during my time bug hunting and pentesting. Permutations are supported on a root domain name using a custom wordlist. I highly recommend the one packaged within [AltDNS](https://github.com/infosec-au/altdns). 8 | 9 | The following information about every bucket found to exist will be returned: 10 | - List Permission 11 | - Write Permission 12 | - Region the Bucket exists in 13 | - If the bucket has all access disabled 14 | 15 | # Installation 16 | 17 | ``` 18 | go get -u github.com/glen-mac/goGetBucket 19 | ``` 20 | 21 | # Usage 22 | 23 | `goGetBucket -m ~/tools/altdns/words.txt -d -o -i ` 24 | 25 | 26 | ``` 27 | Usage of ./goGetBucket: 28 | -d string 29 | Supplied domain name (used with mutation flag) 30 | -f string 31 | Path to a testfile (default "/tmp/test.file") 32 | -i string 33 | Path to input wordlist to enumerate 34 | -k string 35 | Keyword list (used with mutation flag) 36 | -m string 37 | Path to mutation wordlist (requires domain flag) 38 | -o string 39 | Path to output file to store log 40 | -t int 41 | Number of concurrent threads (default 100) 42 | ``` 43 | 44 | Throughout my use of the tool, I have produced the best results when I feed in a list (`-i`) of subdomains for a root domain I am interested in. E.G: 45 | ``` 46 | www.domain.com 47 | mail.domain.com 48 | dev.domain.com 49 | ``` 50 | 51 | The test file (`-f`) is a file that the script will attempt to store in the bucket to test write permissions. So maybe store your contact information and a warning message if this is performed during a bounty? 52 | 53 | The keyword list (`-k`) is concatenated with the root domain name (`-d`) and the domain without the TLD to permutate using the supplied permuation wordlist (`-m`). 54 | 55 | Be sure not to increase the threads too high (`-t`) - as the AWS has API rate limiting that will kick in and start giving an undesired return code. 56 | 57 | # Screenshot 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | # To-Do 62 | 63 | - Write better GoLang 64 | - Use net/http instead of the aws service libraries for go 65 | - Optimize the region checking 66 | - Optimize use of channels / passed structs 67 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /main.go: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package main 2 | 3 | import ( 4 | "bufio" 5 | "flag" 6 | "fmt" 7 | "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws" 8 | "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr" 9 | "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session" 10 | "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3" 11 | "github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3/s3manager" 12 | "github.com/fatih/color" 13 | "github.com/satori/go.uuid" 14 | "io/ioutil" 15 | "os" 16 | "strings" 17 | "sync" 18 | "time" 19 | ) 20 | 21 | /* state of the system */ 22 | type State struct { 23 | InputFileName string /* the input wordlist */ 24 | OutputFileName string /* the output file name */ 25 | OutputFile *os.File /* the output file handler */ 26 | WriteTestFile *os.File /* the writable test file handler */ 27 | Threads int /* the number of threads to use */ 28 | MutateFileName string /* the mutation file name */ 29 | DomainName string /* the name of the domain */ 30 | KeywordList string /* list of keywords */ 31 | Buckets int /* the number of buckets read */ 32 | AwsBin string /* location of aws cli binary */ 33 | } 34 | 35 | /* state of bucket test return */ 36 | type Result struct { 37 | Name string /* bucket name */ 38 | Region string /* bucket region */ 39 | Status bool /* was there an error? */ 40 | Listable bool /* bucket listable status */ 41 | Writable bool /* bucket writeable status */ 42 | } 43 | 44 | /* list of all s3 regions */ 45 | var regionList = []string{ 46 | "us-east-2", "us-east-1", "us-west-1", "us-west-2", 47 | "ca-central-1", "ap-south-1", "ap-northeast-2", "ap-southeast-1", 48 | "ap-southeast-2", "ap-northeast-1", "eu-central-1", "eu-west-1", "eu-west-2", 49 | "sa-east-1"} 50 | 51 | /* define separators for mutation */ 52 | var separators = []string{".", "-", ""} 53 | 54 | /* checkBucket 55 | check if a bucket with a certain name exists 56 | */ 57 | func checkBucket(s *State, bucket string, resultChan chan<- Result, region string) { 58 | /* create the s3 session object */ 59 | s3svc := s3.New(session.New(), aws.NewConfig().WithRegion(region)) 60 | 61 | /* check if the bucket exists at all */ 62 | lor := &s3.ListObjectsInput{ 63 | Bucket: aws.String(bucket), 64 | MaxKeys: aws.Int64(0), 65 | } 66 | _, err := s3svc.ListObjects(lor) 67 | 68 | /* init the result struct */ 69 | r := Result{ 70 | Name: bucket, 71 | Region: region, 72 | Status: err == nil, 73 | Listable: true, 74 | Writable: false, 75 | } 76 | 77 | /* handle the return code if we couldn't list the bucket */ 78 | if err != nil { 79 | if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok { 80 | switch awsErr.Code() { 81 | case "NoSuchBucket": 82 | /* this isn't an existing bucket */ 83 | return 84 | case "BucketRegionError": 85 | /* default region didn't fit - let's find the actual one */ 86 | foundRegion := discoverRegion(bucket) 87 | if foundRegion != "no_region_found" { 88 | /* perform proper checks with actual region */ 89 | checkBucket(s, bucket, resultChan, foundRegion) 90 | } // else { 91 | // /* interesting edge case */ 92 | // fmt.Printf("* {checkBucket} got 'no_region_found' on bucket %s\n", bucket) 93 | //} 94 | case "RequestLimitExceeded": 95 | /* sending too many requests */ 96 | fmt.Println("rate limit exceeded! consider reducing threads") 97 | case "AccessDenied": 98 | /* bucket exists but cannot be listed */ 99 | r.Listable = false 100 | checkWritable(&r, s) 101 | resultChan <- r 102 | default: 103 | //fmt.Printf("[%s]\tbucket: %s\tregion: %s\n", awsErr.Code(), bucket, region) 104 | } 105 | } 106 | } else { 107 | /* bucket exists and is listable */ 108 | checkWritable(&r, s) 109 | resultChan <- r 110 | } 111 | } 112 | 113 | /* checkWritable 114 | check if the bucket is writeable 115 | */ 116 | func checkWritable(r *Result, s *State) { 117 | 118 | /* setup session */ 119 | conf := aws.Config{Region: aws.String(r.Region)} 120 | sess := session.New(&conf) 121 | svc := s3manager.NewUploader(sess) 122 | 123 | /* perform upload */ 124 | _, err := svc.Upload(&s3manager.UploadInput{ 125 | Bucket: aws.String(r.Name), 126 | Key: aws.String(uuid.Must(uuid.NewV4()).String()), 127 | Body: s.WriteTestFile, 128 | }) 129 | if err == nil { 130 | r.Writable = true 131 | } 132 | } 133 | 134 | /* discoverRegion 135 | the point of this function is to find the region in which this bucket belongs 136 | */ 137 | func discoverRegion(bucket string) string { 138 | 139 | /* create new session object with default region */ 140 | s3svc := s3.New(session.New(), aws.NewConfig().WithRegion("us-west-2")) 141 | 142 | /* check if we have permissions to use the 'get bucket region' endpoint */ 143 | ctx := &s3.GetBucketLocationInput{ 144 | Bucket: aws.String(bucket), 145 | } 146 | response, err := s3svc.GetBucketLocation(ctx) 147 | 148 | /* no permissions to get region, so bruteforce it lol */ 149 | if err != nil { 150 | if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok && awsErr.Code() == "AccessDenied" { 151 | lor := &s3.ListObjectsInput{ 152 | Bucket: aws.String(bucket), 153 | MaxKeys: aws.Int64(0), 154 | } 155 | for _, region := range regionList { 156 | //fmt.Printf("bruteforce for bucket %s with region %s\n", bucket, region) 157 | s3svc = s3.New(session.New(), aws.NewConfig().WithRegion(region)) 158 | _, err := s3svc.ListObjects(lor) 159 | if err == nil || err.(awserr.Error).Code() == "AccessDenied" { 160 | return region 161 | } 162 | } 163 | return "no_region_found" 164 | } else { 165 | //fmt.Printf("* {discoverRegion} [%s] (weird error) bucket: '%s'\n", awsErr.Code(), bucket) 166 | return "no_region_found" 167 | } 168 | } 169 | 170 | /* otherwise we got a return value from the 'get bucket region' call */ 171 | var region string 172 | if response.LocationConstraint == nil { 173 | // US Classic does not return a region 174 | region = "us-east-1" 175 | } else { 176 | region = *response.LocationConstraint 177 | // Another special case: "EU" can mean eu-west-1 178 | if region == "EU" { 179 | region = "eu-west-1" 180 | } 181 | } 182 | //fmt.Printf("* {discoverRegion} 'get bucket region' call successful with bucket: '%s' and region: '%s'\n", bucket, region) 183 | return region 184 | } 185 | 186 | /* parseArgs 187 | parse the command line arguments and store the state to use throughout 188 | the program usage 189 | */ 190 | func parseArgs() *State { 191 | s := new(State) 192 | flag.IntVar(&s.Threads, "t", 100, "Number of concurrent threads") 193 | flag.StringVar(&s.InputFileName, "i", "", "Path to input wordlist to enumerate") 194 | flag.StringVar(&s.OutputFileName, "o", "", "Path to output file to store log") 195 | flag.StringVar(&s.MutateFileName, "m", "", "Path to mutation wordlist (requires domain flag)") 196 | flag.StringVar(&s.DomainName, "d", "", "Supplied domain name (used with mutation flag)") 197 | flag.StringVar(&s.KeywordList, "k", "", "Keyword list (used with mutation flag)") 198 | flag.Parse() 199 | return s 200 | } 201 | 202 | /* printResults 203 | parse a result object and print it in a desired manner 204 | */ 205 | func printResults(s *State, r *Result) { 206 | listable := color.RedString("R") 207 | writeable := color.RedString("W") 208 | if r.Listable { 209 | listable = color.GreenString("R") 210 | } 211 | if r.Writable { 212 | writeable = color.GreenString("W") 213 | } 214 | fmt.Printf("Bucket: %s/%s %s\n", listable, writeable, color.BlueString(r.Name)) 215 | if s.OutputFile != nil { 216 | outputStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s,%t,%t\n", r.Name, r.Region, r.Listable, r.Writable) 217 | s.OutputFile.WriteString(outputStr) 218 | } 219 | } 220 | 221 | /* main 222 | init the state and begin the go routines 223 | */ 224 | func main() { 225 | fmt.Println("[*] Started goGetBucket") 226 | 227 | /* collect args and die if there is an issue */ 228 | s := parseArgs() 229 | if s == nil { 230 | panic("issue parsing args") 231 | } 232 | 233 | /* open the test file for write permissions checking */ 234 | testFile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "goGetBucket") 235 | if err != nil { 236 | panic("Failed to open write permissions test file") 237 | } 238 | s.WriteTestFile = testFile 239 | defer testFile.Close() 240 | defer os.Remove(testFile.Name()) 241 | 242 | /* get starting time */ 243 | start := time.Now() 244 | 245 | /* channel to store bucket permutations */ 246 | inputChan := make(chan string, s.Threads) 247 | /* channel to store bucket check results */ 248 | resultChan := make(chan Result) 249 | 250 | /* create waitgroups for the threads */ 251 | processorGroup := new(sync.WaitGroup) 252 | processorGroup.Add(s.Threads) 253 | 254 | /* create waitgroup for the printer */ 255 | printerGroup := new(sync.WaitGroup) 256 | printerGroup.Add(1) 257 | 258 | /* count the number of input sources */ 259 | numInputSources := 0 260 | 261 | scannerM, scannerW := bufio.NewScanner(nil), bufio.NewScanner(nil) 262 | 263 | /* open the desired files */ 264 | if s.DomainName != "" { 265 | if s.MutateFileName == "" { 266 | panic("Domain provided but mutation file was not") 267 | } 268 | mutateList, err := os.Open(s.MutateFileName) 269 | if err != nil { 270 | panic("Failed to open mutation wordlist") 271 | } 272 | defer mutateList.Close() 273 | scannerM = bufio.NewScanner(mutateList) 274 | numInputSources++ 275 | } 276 | 277 | if s.InputFileName != "" { 278 | wordlist, err := os.Open(s.InputFileName) 279 | if err != nil { 280 | panic("Failed to open wordlist") 281 | } 282 | defer wordlist.Close() 283 | scannerW = bufio.NewScanner(wordlist) 284 | numInputSources++ 285 | } 286 | 287 | /* save time and just early exit */ 288 | if scannerM == nil && scannerW == nil { 289 | panic("No wordlist and no mutationlist") 290 | } 291 | 292 | /* create waitgroup for the printer */ 293 | inputFileGroup := new(sync.WaitGroup) 294 | inputFileGroup.Add(numInputSources) 295 | 296 | /* create the output file if it didn't already exist */ 297 | if s.OutputFileName != "" { 298 | outputFile, err := os.Create(s.OutputFileName) 299 | if err != nil { 300 | panic("Unable to write to output file") 301 | } 302 | s.OutputFile = outputFile 303 | defer outputFile.Close() 304 | } 305 | 306 | fmt.Printf("[*] Starting %d checking threads..\n", s.Threads) 307 | /* create go-routines for all the threads */ 308 | for i := 0; i < s.Threads; i++ { 309 | go func() { 310 | for word := range inputChan { 311 | /* process the bucket name with default region */ 312 | checkBucket(s, word, resultChan, "us-west-2") 313 | } 314 | /* tell WG that the thread has finished */ 315 | processorGroup.Done() 316 | }() 317 | } 318 | 319 | /* store the input file contents in the inputChan */ 320 | if s.DomainName != "" { 321 | go func() { 322 | fmt.Println("[*] Creating wordList from mutation file..") 323 | hostStr := strings.Split(s.DomainName, ".")[0] 324 | stringList := strings.Split(s.KeywordList, " ") 325 | if s.KeywordList == "" { 326 | stringList = []string{} 327 | } 328 | 329 | inputChan <- hostStr 330 | inputChan <- s.DomainName 331 | s.Buckets = s.Buckets + 2 332 | 333 | for scannerM.Scan() { 334 | word := strings.TrimSpace(scannerM.Text()) 335 | for _, sep := range separators { 336 | inputChan <- hostStr + sep + word 337 | inputChan <- word + sep + hostStr 338 | inputChan <- s.DomainName + sep + word 339 | inputChan <- word + sep + s.DomainName 340 | s.Buckets = s.Buckets + 4 341 | 342 | for _, keyword := range stringList { 343 | inputChan <- hostStr + sep + word + sep + keyword 344 | inputChan <- hostStr + sep + keyword + sep + word 345 | inputChan <- word + sep + hostStr + sep + keyword 346 | inputChan <- word + sep + keyword + sep + hostStr 347 | inputChan <- keyword + sep + hostStr + sep + word 348 | inputChan <- keyword + sep + word + sep + hostStr 349 | inputChan <- s.DomainName + sep + word + sep + keyword 350 | inputChan <- s.DomainName + sep + keyword + sep + word 351 | inputChan <- word + sep + s.DomainName + sep + keyword 352 | inputChan <- word + sep + keyword + sep + s.DomainName 353 | inputChan <- keyword + sep + s.DomainName + sep + word 354 | inputChan <- keyword + sep + word + sep + s.DomainName 355 | s.Buckets = s.Buckets + 12 356 | } 357 | } 358 | } 359 | inputFileGroup.Done() 360 | }() 361 | } 362 | 363 | /* just import the input list for testing */ 364 | if s.InputFileName != "" { 365 | go func() { 366 | fmt.Println("[*] Creating wordList from input file..") 367 | for scannerW.Scan() { 368 | word := strings.TrimSpace(scannerW.Text()) 369 | /* use static input wordlist */ 370 | if len(word) > 0 { 371 | inputChan <- word 372 | s.Buckets = s.Buckets + 1 373 | } 374 | } 375 | inputFileGroup.Done() 376 | }() 377 | } 378 | 379 | /* wait for the input files to finish loading before we print output */ 380 | inputFileGroup.Wait() 381 | 382 | fmt.Println("[*] Waiting on permutator threads to complete..\n") 383 | 384 | /* create single go routine to keep printing results as they arrive */ 385 | go func() { 386 | for r := range resultChan { 387 | printResults(s, &r) 388 | } 389 | printerGroup.Done() 390 | }() 391 | 392 | close(inputChan) /* we won't be adding more words */ 393 | processorGroup.Wait() /* wait for all permutation threads to finish */ 394 | close(resultChan) /* close the results chan input */ 395 | printerGroup.Wait() /* wait until results have all printed */ 396 | 397 | /* print stats */ 398 | elapsed := time.Since(start) 399 | fmt.Printf("\nCompleted %d requests in %s\n", s.Buckets, elapsed) 400 | } 401 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------