├── image ├── git_user_name.jpg ├── github_ssh_keys.jpg ├── github_upload0.jpg ├── github_upload1.jpg ├── github_upload2.jpg ├── github_upload3.jpg ├── github_upload4.jpg ├── github_main_page.jpg ├── mysysgit_install0.jpg ├── mysysgit_install1.jpg ├── mysysgit_install2.jpg ├── mysysgit_install3.jpg ├── mysysgit_install4.jpg ├── mysysgit_install5.jpg ├── mysysgit_install6.jpg ├── mysysgit_install7.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone0.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone1.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone2.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone3.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone4.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone5.jpg ├── tortoisegit_clone6.jpg ├── github_sign_in_page.jpg ├── github_ssh_keys_add.jpg ├── tortoisegit_commit0.jpg ├── tortoisegit_commit1.jpg ├── tortoisegit_commit2.jpg ├── tortoisegit_commit3.jpg ├── tortoisegit_commit4.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install0.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install1.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install2.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install3.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install4.jpg ├── tortoisegit_install5.jpg ├── tortoisegit_puttygen.jpg ├── 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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/JiapengLi/GitTutorial/HEAD/image/tortoisegit_puttygen_copy_public_key.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Github and Git 图文教程 （未完成）# 2 | 图文介绍Windows系统下使用Github账户+msysgit+TortoiseGit进行文件管理的方法。 3 | 4 | ***声明：作者使用Git的时间很短，对于博大精深的GIT所知甚少，如有任何疏漏之处，希望读者能予以纠正，不胜感激。基于上述原因，此文档会随着作者对GIT的加深了解不断充实内容。*** 5 | 6 | ## 安装 ## 7 | 8 | ### 安装mysysgit ### 9 | 10 | 下载地址：[msysgit](http://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/list?q=full+installer+official+git)。下面的截图来自[Git-1.8.1.2-preview20130201.exe](http://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/detail?name=Git-1.8.1.2-preview20130201.exe&can=2&q=full+installer+official+git) 。 11 | 12 | ![mysysgit-address](./image/mysysgit_download_url.jpg) 13 | 14 | 安装过程： 15 | 16 | 0.启动 17 | 18 | ![mysysgit-0](./image/mysysgit_install0.jpg) 19 | 20 | 1.默认 21 | 22 | ![mysysgit-1](./image/mysysgit_install1.jpg) 23 | 24 | 2.默认 25 | 26 | ![mysysgit-2](./image/mysysgit_install2.jpg) 27 | 28 | 3.默认 29 | 30 | ![mysysgit-3](./image/mysysgit_install3.jpg) 31 | 32 | 4.默认 33 | 34 | ![mysysgit-2](./image/mysysgit_install4.jpg) 35 | 36 | 5.这步骤很重要，选中 **Checkout as-is** 。这样使用 **git clone** 时，git不会擅自改动所获文件的换行符。 37 | 38 | ![mysysgit-1](./image/mysysgit_install5.jpg) 39 | 40 | 6.默认 41 | 42 | ![mysysgit-2](./image/mysysgit_install6.jpg) 43 | 44 | 7.安装完成。 45 | 46 | ![mysysgit-1](./image/mysysgit_install7.jpg) 47 | 48 | ###安装Tortoise### 49 | 下载地址：[TortoiseGit](http://code.google.com/p/tortoisegit/wiki/Download?tm=2) 。下面的截图来自[TortoiseGit 1.8.3.0 - 32-bit](http://tortoisegit.googlecode.com/files/TortoiseGit-1.8.3.0-32bit.msi) 。 50 | 51 | ![Tortoisegit-address](./image/tortoisegit_download_url.jpg) 52 | 53 | 0.启动 54 | 55 | ![tortoise-install0](./image/tortoisegit_install0.jpg) 56 | 57 | 1.默认-Next 58 | 59 | ![tortoise-install1](./image/tortoisegit_install1.jpg) 60 | 61 | 2.默认-Next 62 | 63 | ![tortoise-install2](./image/tortoisegit_install2.jpg) 64 | 65 | 3.默认-Next 66 | 67 | ![tortoise-install3](./image/tortoisegit_install3.jpg) 68 | 69 | 4.默认-Install 70 | 71 | ![tortoise-install4](./image/tortoisegit_install4.jpg) 72 | 73 | 5.完成 74 | 75 | ![tortoise-install5](./image/tortoisegit_install5.jpg) 76 | 77 | ## 术语 ## 78 | 79 | - **repository** 仓库，包含文件历史记录和配置信息的数据库，通常含有多个分支； 80 | - **clone** 仓库的克隆是指仓库的副本拷贝，一个新的克隆包含有原仓库的各种信息； 81 | - **push** 将数据提交到远端仓库； 82 | - **pull** 从远端仓库或本地分支获取数据，然后合并到指定分支； 83 | - **branch** 不同的开发路线； 84 | - **merge** 将数据合并到分支； 85 | - **commit** 将文件更改记录到仓库中； 86 | 87 | ## 设置 ## 88 | 89 | ### TortoiseGit 设置 ### 90 | 91 | 开始->所有程序->TortoiseGit->Settinigs，填入 **Name** 和 **Email** 信息。 92 | 93 | 这里需要说明，每次通过GIT提交文件时都需要 **Name** & **Email** 信息。这个信息会连同 **Commit Comment** 显示在Github的Commit记录里。 94 | 95 | ![tortoise-settings](./image/tortoisegit_settings.jpg) 96 | 97 | 在我们成功将文件上传至Github之后，可以在仓库 **Name** 会在 **Commit** 记录中体现出来。 98 | 99 | ![git-user-info](./image/git_user_name.jpg) 100 | 101 | ***为简单起见其他所有的设置项项暂时我们都不做修改，可以在使用中逐渐摸索。*** 102 | 103 | ## 用法 ## 104 | 105 | ### 配合Github使用 ### 106 | 107 | 1.登陆github（如没有账号，则需新建一个账号）。点击 **Sign in** 按钮进入登陆页面,填写用户名（或邮箱）与密码后登陆。（用户名与邮箱名不区分大小写，而密码区分大小写） 108 | 109 | ![github-main-page](./image/github_main_page.jpg) 110 | 111 | ![github-sign-in-page](./image/github_sign_in_page.jpg) 112 | 113 | 2.进入 **Account Settings** ，添加 **SSH Key** 。 **SSH Key** 是用户使用SSH工具(本教程里用的是TortoiseGIT里集成的工具)登陆或上传文件至Github时用的密码。 114 | 115 | ![github-account-settings](./image/github_account_settings.jpg) 116 | 117 | ![github-ssh-keys](./image/github_ssh_keys.jpg) 118 | 119 | 3.先从Github上退回到本地。我们需要添加 **SSH Key**， 但是我们现在还没有，所以制作一个先。 120 | 开始->所有程序->TortoiseGit->Puttygen 121 | 122 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen.jpg) 123 | 124 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-start](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_start.jpg) 125 | 126 | 点击 **Generate** 按钮开始生成，在指定的区域内移动鼠标加速 **SSH KEY**的产生。 127 | 128 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-generate](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_generate.jpg) 129 | 130 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-generating](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_generating.jpg) 131 | 132 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-generated](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_generated.jpg) 133 | 134 | 点击 **Save private key** 保存密钥。由于我们没有设置密码，这时会弹出一个窗口问我们是否真的不需要设置 **SSH key** 保护密码。设置密码之后更安全，但在使用的时候每次推送文件都会提示你输入此密码，比较啰嗦，这里可根据个人喜好选择。 135 | 136 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-save](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_save.jpg) 137 | 138 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-save-waring](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_save_warning.jpg) 139 | 140 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-save-name](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_save_name.jpg) 141 | 142 | *不需要设置密码的同学可以略过下图* 143 | 144 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-set-password](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_set_password.jpg) 145 | 146 | **暂时不要关闭Puttygen下面还要用到**，如果很不幸你没有看到这句提示。那么也不要紧，重新做一遍吧。 147 | 148 | 不想重新做一遍的同学可以打开刚才保存的密钥， **File->Open private key** 。如果有同学已经重做，那么恭喜你，你中招了。 149 | 150 | 4.整理思绪回到Github网站上，相信刚才的页面你还没有关闭，如果关闭了，或者找不到了，那么重新登陆你的Github，右上角点击 **Account Settings** ，然后找到 **SSH Keys**, 点击 **Add SSH Keys** 开始添加。 151 | 152 | ![github-ssh-keys-add](./image/github_ssh_keys_add.jpg) 153 | 154 | ![github-ssh-keys-adding](./image/github_ssh_keys_adding0.jpg) 155 | 156 | 切换到 **Puttygen** 软件，拷贝Public Key 至Github上的 **Add an SSH Key -> Key**窗口。点击 **Add key** ，再之后弹出的密码确认框中输入Github账户密码 点击 **Confirm Password** 完成添加。 157 | 158 | ![tortoisegit-puttygen-copy-public-key](./image/tortoisegit_puttygen_copy_public_key.jpg) 159 | 160 | ![github-ssh-keys-adding1](./image/github_ssh_keys_adding1.jpg) 161 | 162 | ![github-ssh-keys-adding2](./image/github_ssh_keys_adding2.jpg) 163 | 164 | ![github-ssh-keys-added](./image/github_ssh_keys_added.jpg) 165 | 166 | 5.现在基本工作已经完成了，下面我们可以开始在Github上建立 **Repository** 并上传文件至Github，开始我们的Github之旅了。 167 | 168 | 点击右上角的 **Create new repo** 建立新仓库，填入 **Name** (名称)与 **Description** (描述)后，点击 **Create repository** 创建仓库。 169 | 170 | ![github-create-new-repo0](./image/github_create_new_repo0.jpg) 171 | 172 | ![github-create-new-repo1](./image/github_create_new_repo1.jpg) 173 | 174 | ![github-create-new-repo2](./image/github_create_new_repo2.jpg) 175 | 176 | 创建完仓库后，你的github页面大致如下图所示，红框中有几个可以点击的按钮， **Setup in Windows** , **HTTP** 和 **SSH** 。 177 | 178 | - **Setup in Windows** 不知道怎么使用。 179 | 180 | - **HTTP** 非加密连接，只读属性，当获取其他用户的github文件时需要用此种格式的链接。 181 | 182 | - **SSH** 加密链接，向自己的仓库中添加上传文件时需要用此种格式的链接，这里我需要使用的链接，即是 *git@github.com:JiapengLi/GitTutorialPractice.git* 。 183 | 184 | ![github-create-new-repo3](./image/github_create_new_repo3.jpg) 185 | 186 | 6.现在我们已经成功地在Github上面建立了一个仓库，接下来我们需要使用TortoiseGit工具 **Clone** 刚才建立的仓库，然后添加文件并上传。 187 | 188 | - 在Windows资源管理器中单击 **右键**； 189 | - 选择 **Git Clone**项；在 **URL** 项目中添加 **Repository** (仓库)的地址； 190 | - 在 **Directory** 项目中填入目标文件夹(空文件夹或者不存在)； 191 | - 在 **LoadPutty Key** 项目中载入刚刚建立的并保存的Private Key，点击 **OK** 按钮开始 **Clone**； 192 | - **Clone** 结束后点击 **Close** 退出。 193 | 194 | ![tortoisegit-clone0](./image/tortoisegit_clone0.jpg) 195 | 196 | ![tortoisegit-clone2](./image/tortoisegit_clone2.jpg) 197 | 198 | ![tortoisegit-clone3](./image/tortoisegit_clone3.jpg) 199 | 200 | ![tortoisegit-clone4](./image/tortoisegit_clone4.jpg) 201 | 202 | ![tortoisegit-clone5](./image/tortoisegit_clone5.jpg) 203 | 204 | ![tortoisegit-clone6](./image/tortoisegit_clone6.jpg) 205 | 206 | 7.向Github上传文件。 207 | 208 | - 在 **GitTutorial** 文件夹中新建 **README.md** ； 209 | - 编辑 **README.md** ，这里给出了Markdown格式的 **README.md** 样例； 210 | - 另外，为了演示Markdown中添加图片的功能，建立一个 **image** 文件夹(这个名字可以随便取)，并向其添加一些图片 211 | 212 | ![github-upload0](./image/github_upload0.jpg) 213 | 214 | ![github-upload1](./image/github_upload1.jpg) 215 | 216 | ![github-upload3](./image/github_upload3.jpg) 217 | 218 | ![github-upload4](./image/github_upload4.jpg) 219 | 220 | - **GitTutorial**文件夹中右击，选择 **Git Commit->"master"** ； 221 | - 在新弹出的对话框里选择需要上传的文件，填入 **Message** (Message 的内容要对题，描述你此次上传都做了什么)，按OK确认； 222 | - 在新弹出的对话框里单击 **PUSH**按钮上传文件；（在实际开发中，此时可以选择不上传，而在多次Commit之后再上传） 223 | - 在新弹出的对话框里选择 **Local** (本地分支)、 **Ref-Remote** (远程分支)、 **Destination-Remote** (远程目标)，由于我们只有一个分支所以这些项我们都选择默认就可以了，选择 **Autoload Putty Key** ，然后点击OK开始上传； 224 | - 至此我们完成了Github文件的上传。 225 | 226 | ![tortoise_commit0](./image/tortoisegit_commit0.jpg) 227 | 228 | ![tortoise_commit1](./image/tortoisegit_commit1.jpg) 229 | 230 | ![tortoise_commit2](./image/tortoisegit_commit2.jpg) 231 | 232 | ![tortoise_commit3](./image/tortoisegit_commit3.jpg) 233 | 234 | ![tortoise_commit4](./image/tortoisegit_commit4.jpg) 235 | 236 | 完成上传，再次回到Github查看效果。[示例效果](https://github.com/JiapengLi/GitTutorialPractice) 237 | 238 | ### 本地TortoiseGit使用 ### 239 | 240 | (待续) 241 | 242 | ## TortoiseGit进阶 ## 243 | 244 | (待续) 245 | 246 | ### 多人协作开发 ### 247 | 创建Github organization账户 248 | 管理Github organization账户 249 | ### TortoiseGit各项的操作所对应的GIT命令 ### 250 | 251 | ## Tips 252 | 253 | ### 删除远端分支 254 | 255 | git push origin --delete 256 | 257 | or 258 | 259 | git push origin : 260 | 261 | ### 取消文件的版本控制 262 | 263 | 永久删除: 264 | 265 | git rm files 266 | 267 | 从仓库删除，保留本地文件： 268 | 269 | git rm --cached files 270 | 271 | ### 重命名分支 272 | 273 | git branch -m 274 | 275 | git branch -m // change current branch name 276 | 277 | ### 取消最近的一次提交 278 | 279 | git reset --soft HEAD^ (--soft 取消提交保留更改) 280 | 281 | git reset --hard HEAD^ (--hard 取消提交并删除更改) 282 | 283 | ### 取消文件添加 284 | 285 | git reset HEAD file 286 | 287 | ### 临时隐藏更改/恢复更改 288 | 289 | git stash save 290 | 291 | git stash pop 292 | 293 | ### 显示所有未加入版本控制的文件 294 | git status -vu 295 | 296 | ### 分支到分支的push 297 | git push origin local_branch:remote_branch 298 | 299 | ### 部分历史记录克隆转为全部历史克隆 300 | git fetch --depth=LargeNumber 301 | 302 | ### 搜索git log 303 | git log --all --grep="STRING" 304 | 305 | ### 创建分支 306 | git checkout -b new_branch_name commit_code_91f7edc6c1f4440c1 307 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------