├── bindToInterface.c ├── README.md └── LICENSE /bindToInterface.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | #include 6 | #include 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | #include 13 | 14 | //#define DEBUG 15 | 16 | //compile with gcc -nostartfiles -fpic -shared bindToInterface.c -o bindToInterface.so -ldl -D_GNU_SOURCE 17 | //Use with BIND_INTERFACE= LD_PRELOAD=./bindInterface.so like curl ifconfig.me 18 | 19 | int bind_to_source_ip(int sockfd, const char *source_ip) 20 | { 21 | struct sockaddr_in source_addr; 22 | memset(&source_addr, 0, sizeof(source_addr)); 23 | source_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; 24 | source_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(source_ip); 25 | 26 | return bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&source_addr, sizeof(source_addr)); 27 | } 28 | 29 | int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen) 30 | { 31 | int *(*original_connect)(int, const struct sockaddr *, socklen_t); 32 | original_connect = dlsym(RTLD_NEXT, "connect"); 33 | 34 | static struct sockaddr_in *socketAddress; 35 | socketAddress = (struct sockaddr_in *)addr; 36 | 37 | char *dest = inet_ntoa(socketAddress->sin_addr); 38 | 39 | if (socketAddress->sin_family == AF_INET) 40 | { 41 | unsigned short port = ntohs(socketAddress->sin_port); 42 | 43 | char *DNSIP_env = getenv("DNS_OVERRIDE_IP"); 44 | char *DNSPort_env = getenv("DNS_OVERRIDE_PORT"); 45 | int port_new = port; 46 | 47 | if (port == 53 && DNSIP_env != NULL && strlen(DNSIP_env) > 0) 48 | { 49 | if (DNSPort_env != NULL && strlen(DNSPort_env) > 0) 50 | { 51 | port_new = atoi(DNSPort_env); 52 | socketAddress->sin_port = htons(port_new); 53 | } 54 | #ifdef DEBUG 55 | printf("Detected DNS query to: %s:%i, overwriting with %s:%i \n", dest, port, DNSIP_env, port_new); 56 | #endif 57 | socketAddress->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNSIP_env); 58 | } 59 | port = port_new; 60 | dest = inet_ntoa(socketAddress->sin_addr); //with #include 61 | 62 | #ifdef DEBUG 63 | printf("connecting to: %s:%i \n", dest, port); 64 | #endif 65 | 66 | bool IPExcluded = false; 67 | char *bind_excludes = getenv("BIND_EXCLUDE"); 68 | if (bind_excludes != NULL && strlen(bind_excludes) > 0) 69 | { 70 | bind_excludes = (char*) malloc(strlen(getenv("BIND_EXCLUDE")) * sizeof(char) + 1); 71 | strcpy(bind_excludes,getenv("BIND_EXCLUDE")); 72 | char sep[] = ","; 73 | char *iplist; 74 | iplist = strtok(bind_excludes, sep); 75 | while (iplist != NULL) 76 | { 77 | if(!strncmp(dest,iplist,strlen(iplist))) 78 | { 79 | IPExcluded = true; 80 | #ifdef DEBUG 81 | printf("IP %s excluded by IP-List, not binding to interface %s\n", dest, getenv("BIND_INTERFACE")); 82 | #endif 83 | break; 84 | } 85 | iplist = strtok(NULL, sep); 86 | } 87 | free(bind_excludes); 88 | } 89 | 90 | if (!IPExcluded) //Don't bind when destination is localhost, because it couldn't be reached anymore 91 | { 92 | char *bind_addr_env; 93 | bind_addr_env = getenv("BIND_INTERFACE"); 94 | char *source_ip_env; 95 | source_ip_env = getenv("BIND_SOURCE_IP"); 96 | struct ifreq interface; 97 | 98 | int errorCode; 99 | if (bind_addr_env != NULL && strlen(bind_addr_env) > 0) 100 | { 101 | // printf(bind_addr_env); 102 | 103 | struct ifreq boundInterface = 104 | { 105 | .ifr_name = "none", 106 | }; 107 | socklen_t optionlen = sizeof(boundInterface); 108 | errorCode = getsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, &boundInterface, &optionlen); 109 | if (errorCode < 0) 110 | { 111 | //getsockopt should not fail 112 | perror("getsockopt"); 113 | return -1; 114 | }; 115 | #ifdef DEBUG 116 | printf("Bound Interface: %s.", boundInterface.ifr_name); 117 | #endif 118 | 119 | if (!strcmp(boundInterface.ifr_name, "none") || strcmp(boundInterface.ifr_name, bind_addr_env)) 120 | { 121 | #ifdef DEBUG 122 | printf(" Socket not bound to desired interface (Bound to: %s). Binding to interface: %s\n", boundInterface.ifr_name, bind_addr_env); 123 | #endif 124 | strcpy(interface.ifr_name, bind_addr_env); 125 | errorCode = setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, &interface, sizeof(interface)); //Will fail if socket is already bound to another interface 126 | if (errorCode < 0) 127 | { 128 | perror("setsockopt"); 129 | errno = ENETUNREACH; //Let network appear unreachable for maximum security when desired interface is not available 130 | return -1; 131 | }; 132 | } 133 | } 134 | 135 | if(source_ip_env != NULL && strlen(source_ip_env) > 0){ 136 | if (bind_to_source_ip(sockfd, source_ip_env) < 0){ 137 | perror("bind_to_source_ip failed"); 138 | return -1; 139 | } 140 | } 141 | 142 | if(!(source_ip_env != NULL && strlen(source_ip_env) > 0) && !(bind_addr_env != NULL && strlen(bind_addr_env) > 0)){ 143 | printf("Warning: Program with LD_PRELOAD started, but BIND_INTERFACE environment variable not set\n"); 144 | fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Program with LD_PRELOAD started, but BIND_INTERFACE environment variable not set\n"); 145 | } 146 | } 147 | } 148 | 149 | return (uintptr_t)original_connect(sockfd, addr, addrlen); 150 | 151 | } 152 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # BindToInterface - securely bind a program to a specific network interface or network adapter 2 | 3 | Bind To Interface is a useful program for unix/linux if you have multiple network interfaces or adapters and want your program use strictly only one or none. You don't 4 | have to bother with routing tables, network namespaces or iptables and marking packets. 5 | 6 | BindToInterface is very flexible. You can set exceptions to which IPs no binding should be made. This is especially useful if your program still needs 7 | to communicate with localhost. For example if you make an outgoing ssh connection, bind it to eth1 it couldn't reach localhost without the bind exception. 8 | 9 | ## How does bind to network interface work? 10 | 11 | BindToInterface uses a feature called dynamic linking. Every program that makes an internet connection does this by making an API call to the operating system. In this case this API function is called `connect`. 12 | To bind to a specific network interface this program intercepts this call, decides if it has to bind to an interface and then calls the original connect function of the operating system. 13 | **This works only if standard libraries are used. When using go programs for example, which uses static linked libraries, then this won't work and data would get leaked.** 14 | If you know other examples where binding doesn't work, please open an issue. 15 | 16 | ## Build BindToInterface 17 | 18 | Download the source code and compile it with `gcc -nostartfiles -fpic -shared bindToInterface.c -o bindToInterface.so -ldl -D_GNU_SOURCE` 19 | 20 | ## Usage of BindToInterface 21 | 22 | Configuration and usage of bind to interface is very simple. Example of how to run a program with BindToInterface: `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so curl ifconfig.me` Note: Prior to kernel 5.6.X - April 2020 you need superuser rights, see https://github.com/JsBergbau/BindToInterface/issues/4 23 | Instead of specifying the parameters in the same line you could also export them like `export DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8`. In this case interface ovpn is a VPN provider but configured via option `route-nopull`, 24 | so your internet traffic still goes via your normal internet connection without VPN. 25 | 26 | ### Multiple physical NICs 27 | When using BindToInterface with OpenVPN and `route-nopull` option everything works as expected, even though `ip route` does only show the local subnet rules like `10.8.0.0/16 dev ovpn proto kernel scope link src 10.8.0.12`. 28 | 29 | However when using pyhsical interfaces, kernel needs to know your gateway for the pyhsical interfaces. So when using like `BIND_INTERFACE=eth1 DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so curl 34.160.111.145 -H "Host: ifconfig.me"` and you get an error "No route to host" then you need to add a route for your second NIC. You can to this with a higher metric, so this route is not used by default, but only with BindToInterface like `sudo ip route add default via 192.168.194.1 metric 500`. A route without a metric has metric `0` meaning highest metric, see https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/431839 30 | 31 | 32 | ### Specifying absolute path 33 | 34 | Especially when using more complex scripts or programs, that use another working directory than the current one, you have to specify the absolute path to `bindToInterface.so`, otherwise an error message will be printed, that it couldn't be loaded. Example when bindToInterface.so is located at `/opt/bindToInterface/bindToInterface.so`: `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=/opt/bindToInterface/bindToInterface.so curl ifconfig.me` 35 | 36 | ### BIND_INTERFACE 37 | 38 | This is the essential part. If not specified program will warn you, however it will not refuse the connection. 39 | 40 | ### BIND_SOURCE_IP (unreliable / only on some systems) 41 | 42 | On some systems you can also set the source IP in case multiple IP addresses are attached to your interface, like this: `BIND_INTERFACE=eth0 BIND_SOURCE_IP=1.2.3.4 LD_PRELOAD...` 43 | 44 | **Warning**: It highly depends on which system you are using BIND_SOURCE_IP. Kernel versions 5.10 seem not to work, whereas Kernel 5.15 seems to work, see https://github.com/JsBergbau/BindToInterface/pull/12#issuecomment-1776647513 45 | 46 | **Use at your own risk and try if it works on your system**! 47 | 48 | ### DNS_OVERRIDE_IP 49 | 50 | When you have multiple interfaces you normally also have multiple DNS servers. Since your program is bound to specified interface, also DNS traffic has to go through that interface. 51 | If you don't specify this parameter, your program will try the DNS servers sequentially which causes unnecessary delay. 52 | 53 | ### DNS_OVERRIDE_PORT 54 | 55 | If you have DNS servers not listening on port 53 you can use this option. 56 | 57 | ### BIND_EXCLUDE 58 | 59 | This is also a very useful option. You can specify here destination IP adresses which are excluded from interface binding. In the example of the first paragraph you would execute your ssh like 60 | `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 BIND_EXCLUDE=127.0.0.1 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so ssh ` So SSH can connect to your localhost. 61 | You can specifiy multiple IPs by seperating them by comma, so `BIND_EXCLUDE=127.0.0.1,192.168.0.1` and so on. Multiple IPs are also possible. So if you want to exclude binding to your whole 192.168.0.0/24 62 | subnet, you can use `BIND_EXCLUDE=127.0.0.1,192.168.0`. The program checks if destination IP starts with one IP from bind exclude. If so this connection isn't bound to interface. If you want to exclude 192.168.0.0/16 63 | subnet, you would use `BIND_EXCLUDE=127.0.0.1,192.168.`. Since it is checked if destination IP begins with one in BIND_EXCLUDE specified address, it doesn't matter if you specify it with or without trailing `.`. 64 | 65 | ## Example usage of BindToInterface 66 | 67 | ### Using interactively 68 | 69 | Instead of executing each program with LD_PRELOAD you can use `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 BIND_EXCLUDE=8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so bash` 70 | In this second bash all programs executed now use bound interface, try it with `curl ifconfig.me`. This will give you the IP "ovpn" interface. 71 | 72 | ### Microsocks 73 | 74 | You can for example use this program to bind microsocks https://github.com/rofl0r/microsocks to one desired interface. You can have multiple VPN connections on Raspberry PI for example and then you only need 75 | to specify a SOCKS proxy in your browser to have different IPs from multiple countries. Please don't use this for anonymization, because via Websockets and so on, there may be a potential leak of your 76 | true IP address. Since microsocks opens "connect sockets" only for outgoing traffic you don't have to use bind exclude for your clients. Clients are handled via "accept sockets" and there is no binding. 77 | Example command line: `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so ./microsocks -p 1080` 78 | 79 | ### CAUTION when using sudo 80 | 81 | It is ok to use `sudo BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 BIND_EXCLUDE=8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so bash` or any other program. BUT NEVER use sudo again in front of the program. This will lead that bindToInterface will not be loaded and thus the wrong interface will be used. 82 | 83 | ### CAUTION when using root rights in general especially with network tools like nmap 84 | **Network tools like nmap will use RAW sockets when using root rights. This means they will not use the OS systemcall. So interface will not be bound and nmap will use your default route like executing without LD_PRELOAD. In the case of nmap there is the `-e` option where you can instruct nmap to use specified interface. So use this option for nmap and never LD_PRELOAD with nmap.** 85 | 86 | 87 | ## Debug and tests 88 | 89 | If you have for example `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 BIND_EXCLUDE=8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so traceroute -U -p 53 8.8.8.8` then you can see that DNS traffic will 90 | get routed via your default route. 91 | If you use `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so traceroute -U -p 53 8.8.8.8` then you see that DNS traffic is routed via your bound interface. 92 | 93 | You can also uncomment line `//#define DEBUG` and compile to get some Debug outputs of what this program is doing. Use this especially via commands like 94 | `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so curl ifconfig.me` 95 | Then you will see that curl uses multiple DNS servers from `/etc/resolv.conf` until it finds one that is reachable via your bound interface and thus takes some time until it gets your IP. 96 | 97 | If you use `BIND_INTERFACE=ovpn DNS_OVERRIDE_IP=8.8.8.8 LD_PRELOAD=./bindToInterface.so curl ifconfig.me` then DNS server address is rewritten to go through VPN and thats why curl will report your IP very fast. 98 | 99 | ### IPv6 100 | 101 | Currently there is no support of IPv6, because I just don't have an IPv6 connection to test. If you need it, open an issue and I'll make a version that you can test. 102 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 19 November 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure 12 | cooperation with the community in the case of network server software. 13 | 14 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 15 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Patents. 460 | 461 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 462 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 463 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 464 | 465 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 466 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 467 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 468 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 469 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 470 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. 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You may not convey a covered 513 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 514 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 515 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 516 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 517 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 518 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 519 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 520 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 521 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 522 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 523 | 524 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 525 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 526 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 527 | 528 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 529 | 530 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 531 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 532 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 533 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 534 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 535 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 536 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 537 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 538 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 539 | 540 | 13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License. 541 | 542 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the 543 | Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users 544 | interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version 545 | supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding 546 | Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source 547 | from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary 548 | means of facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source 549 | shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 550 | of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the 551 | following paragraph. 552 | 553 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 554 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 555 | under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single 556 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 557 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 558 | but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version 559 | 3 of the GNU General Public License. 560 | 561 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 562 | 563 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 564 | the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions 565 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 566 | address new problems or concerns. 567 | 568 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 569 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General 570 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 571 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 572 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 573 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 574 | GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 575 | by the Free Software Foundation. 576 | 577 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 578 | versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's 579 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 580 | to choose that version for the Program. 581 | 582 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 583 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 584 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 585 | later version. 586 | 587 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 588 | 589 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 590 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 591 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 592 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 593 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 594 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 595 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 596 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 597 | 598 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 599 | 600 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 601 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 602 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 603 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 604 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 605 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 606 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 607 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 608 | SUCH DAMAGES. 609 | 610 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 611 | 612 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 613 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 614 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 615 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 616 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 617 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 618 | 619 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 620 | 621 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 622 | 623 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 624 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 625 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 626 | 627 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 628 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 629 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 630 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 631 | 632 | 633 | Copyright (C) 634 | 635 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 636 | it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published 637 | by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 638 | (at your option) any later version. 639 | 640 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 641 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 642 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 643 | GNU Affero General Public License for more details. 644 | 645 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License 646 | along with this program. If not, see . 647 | 648 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 649 | 650 | If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer 651 | network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to 652 | get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its 653 | interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive 654 | of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different 655 | solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the 656 | specific requirements. 657 | 658 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 659 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 660 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see 661 | . 662 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------