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1 | # 西方马克思主义思潮概论与批判
2 | ==作为西马创始人之一的卢卡奇自己晚年都批判西马==
3 | #### 书籍推荐:
4 | - 卢卡奇: 历史与阶级意识新版序言,我走向马克思的道路,关于社会存在的本体论 ,卢卡奇自传
5 | (卢卡奇晚年回到马列主义自我批判早年思想唯心错误)
6 | - **全面介绍并批判西马:** 徐崇温 : 西方马克思主义,怎样认识西方马克思主义,(法兰克福学派述评,西方马克思主义_论丛)
7 | #### 正文:
8 | 西方马克思主义是欧洲的一股从列宁时代开始的反第二国际和第三国际的唯心主义/半截子唯物主义思潮,最早称呼来源好像是梅劳-庞蒂,用以区分第三国际的东方马克思主义,然后被各方认可使用。被奉为西马三大宗师的卢卡奇反对早年所谓西马思潮,葛兰西一直忙于革命然后被捕,应该也不知道自己被称为西马。
9 | 西方马克思主义一般来说都是不认可马克思恩格斯的物质第一性(物质决定意识,意识反作用于物质)、能动的反映论、自然辩证法,不认可列宁的先锋队理论,反对历史是必然性和偶然性的对立统一,有的把哲学理论上升到独立的实践地位上,有的甚至反对社会实践是检验真理的标准...人道主义的马克思喜欢片面截取并曲解马克思1844经济学哲学手稿的本意,批判恩格斯的自然辩证法和列宁的《唯物主义和经验批判主义》,部分人口头认可列宁的《哲学笔记》,但是也会片面引用断章取义歪曲原义,也特别喜欢曲解马克思早年的异化理论,重视自我塑造的所谓的青年马克思,结构主义重视自我塑造的所谓的成熟马克思。
10 | 西马的分支非常多,各个派系谁也不服谁,理论杂乱,很多理论家理论前后变化快,甚至摇摆,但是总的来说发展脉络还是较为清晰的,一般资本主义社会某个阶段流行什么哲学,然后就有理论家用这套哲学去反向解释并结合马克思主义。(黑格尔主义、弗洛伊德主义、存在主义、科学主义、后现代主义 ,都会对应一个流派的西方马克思主义分支)
11 | 这种是本末倒置,马克思主义当然应该该是吸收各种哲学的合理部分来发展,对其他哲学的态度是进行扬弃,抛弃形式,改造内容,而不是以其他哲学为主,马克思本来的哲学为次,甚至动摇马克思主义的根本核心-普遍的联系和运动与无产阶级专政的唯物主义立场。而且马克思主义的发展不光要吸取其他哲学的经验,还要吸取科学的等各个学科,其中最重要的现实的阶级斗争经验总结。
12 |
13 | 西方马克思主义里部分理论家还发明了新工人阶级概念 ,认为随着欧洲资本发展,劳动密集型产业移至第三世界国家,机械和人工智能飞速发展,普通产业工人不再是革命的主要力量,而是工人中高级知识分子和高技术分子和高薪水的工人,认为只有当他们起来革命的时候才能成功,反人民史观。而马克思主义观点则相反,哪里受剥削和压迫最重,条件越艰苦,哪里的无产阶级能量越大。
14 | 西方马克思主义代表人物有卢卡奇、科尔施、葛兰西、霍克海默、阿多诺、哈贝马斯、马尓库塞、赖希,弗洛姆,本雅明,萨特,梅劳-庞蒂,阿尔都塞,(奇折克)等。
15 | 值得注意的是,中国的西方马克思是历史决议起草中之一的胡乔木(前中共中央书记处书记,中央文献研究室主任)带头引入的,目前是中国马克思主义的二级学科,在各个大学发展。
16 |
17 | 1. 卢卡奇:卢卡奇被后人封为西方马克思主义创始人,黑格尔主义马克思创始人,人道主义马克思创始人,和科尔施葛兰西一起被后面的西方马克思主义者奉为三大宗师,然而他自己早就脱离他早年的唯心主义哲学体系-《历史与阶级意识》。自从在共产国际上完全反对合法斗争加入议会被列宁批判过以后,他就认识到自己的错误,从列宁左派幼稚病发表开始学习列宁,发表过《列宁》,后面逐步转向辩证唯物主义...
18 | 他犯过左倾机会主义错误(反对无产阶级加入任何议会合法斗争)被列宁批判,也因为右倾错误(勃鲁姆提纲事件,对资产阶级妥协建立联合政府搞资产阶级民主)被第三国际和匈牙利共产党内部严肃批判,后面因此退出政治 ,中间支持过斯大林批判托洛茨基,后面也批判过斯大林(赫鲁晓夫上台后),也批判存在主义马克思潮,反对西方马克思主义者借助被他自己反复批判的早年著作的错误言论对他的胡乱吹捧—1955年法国存在主义者梅劳-庞蒂在辩证法的历程一书中反复援引卢卡奇和他的《历史与阶级意识》,把它同列宁主义和同当代马克思主义对置起来时,卢卡奇当即提出强烈抗议,说他是使一本最好予以忘却的书复活的企图是阴谋和伪造。
19 | “卢卡奇”晚年回到正统马克思辩证唯物主义,多次自我强调早年思想是黑格尔式的唯心主义,晚年宣布自己和科尔施还有葛兰西的理论探索都失败了,认可物质第一性,物质与意识的对立统一,认可能动的反映论,认可自然辩证法。
20 | 卢卡齐早年黑格尔的马克思主义(人道主义马克思主义),要害在与放大的意识力量变成唯心主义,过于看中无产阶级阶级意识力量,忽视物质层面,总体性(整体性)辩证法颠倒主次-他认为是总体决定局部,而不是教员矛盾论的事物内部的主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面决定(支配)次要矛盾和矛盾的次要方面,还有全局。同时反对物质第一性。
21 | ```
22 | 我的《历史和阶级意识》一书(1923年) 很清楚地表明了这一过渡。
23 | 尽管已经有意识地试图用马克思来克服和“扬弃”黑格尔,
24 | 但是一些有决定意义的辨证法问题还是按唯心主义方式解决的(自然辨证法、反映论等)。
25 | 至今还坚持着的卢森堡积累理论与一种极左的主观主义的行动主义非有机地混杂在一起。
26 | (卢卡奇自传)
27 | 我关于资本主义矛盾和无产阶级革命化的论述都不自觉地带上了浓厚的主观主义色彩。
28 | 上述错误也影响了我对书中的核心概念——实践——的理解,它遭到歪曲,并变得狭隘了。
29 | (《历史和阶级意识》 新版序言)
30 | ```
31 |
32 | - 匈牙利社会主义工人党中央在1983年发表的《匈牙利纪念乔治.卢卡奇诞辰100周年提纲》中,采取了把对卢卡奇毕生的评价与对青年卢卡奇的探索和失误的分析区分开来的办法,它认为:卢卡奇是“20世纪的一位伟人, 马列主义思想的卓越代表”。同时,又指出:“在20年代中期的著作中,卢卡奇仍然错误地认为,无产阶级的阶级意识具有创造历史和现实的'救世’力量。他的革命主观主义、救世主式的左的倾向和对客观的自然辩证法的否认,一方面导致了对他思想的合理批评(在这一借口下,也有不少教条主义的指责);另一方面,后来成了修正主义、假激进派和新左派思潮的发源地。”
33 | 而我国学术界有些从业多年的研究者却把卢卡奇一生中的正确与错误捆在起加以颂扬,特别是既不顾客观事实、也不顾卢卡奇后来的自我剖析,使劲地去吹嘘青年卢卡奇抽象的、唯心主义的实践观;把它和马克思的实践唯物主义等同起来,进而把它同我们的改革、同马克思主义的发展联系起来,这就形成了-一阵很不正常的“青年卢卡奇热”。
34 | - “科尔施”被第三国际开除党籍,但是并不反对恩格斯,认为第二国际的人僵化错误理解马恩,割裂哲学和实践的联系,要恢复马克思主义哲学性。反对列宁是因认为列宁摆脱第二国际理论不彻底。
35 | - 意大利共产党创始人“葛兰西”致力于发动工人斗争,革命失败不愿听从第三国际安排的撤离,愿与工人共存亡,因此被逮,虽然哲学上是唯心的,行为上是值得大家尊敬的。他反对列宁的先锋队理论,但是不反对先锋队理论本身,只是认为列宁的先锋队理论在东方的环境合适 ,在西方水土不服,他在狱中的总失败总结更多是未经实践检验的猜想。 葛兰西霸权理论认为(下文为大致概括):东西方资本发展程度不同,导致资产阶级对社会控制力量不同,西方资本产生一种以资产阶级知识分子等为依托(包含教育,学学校宣传等)的文化霸权,较为独立影响控制无产阶级,就算武装革命成功,这些资产阶级文化霸权也会成为城市碉堡让无产阶级陷入城市阵地战,因此要想革命成功就需要先获取结合/培养知识分子夺取文化霸权,再武装革命才能成功。 他这套理论其一在分析客观文化现象同时夸大了文化的作用,其二忽视了没有武装支撑在资产阶级的平台获取无产阶级文化霸权是会被当头棒喝的,压根不可能夺取成功,只能是武装革命和无产阶级意识形态宣传同时交叉并行(同时做,并且根据具体阶段一会你在前一会我在前),而且只有武装夺取成功后通过继续革命(文化革命)才可能夺取文化霸权消除这个顽疾。葛兰西主张集合知识分子(包括争取资产阶级的知识分子和建立自己的知识分子),然而结合知识分子的最佳形式是教员的工农兵学互相结合,共同劳动共同学习和革命。
36 | 这三位都是重视现实阶级斗争不搞学究的,理论需要批判,但行为还是值得尊敬的。
37 | 2. 法兰克福派最早的目的是结合东西方马克思主义,但是后面发展成人道主义的马克思主义,虽然对资本主义做了很多有意义的批判,但是过于重视意识和文化批判忽视现实斗争,其中阿多诺的否定辩证法,反对辩证法是肯定否定的对立统一,反对扬弃,要绝对的否定,哈贝马斯行为交往理论更是幻想设计一套行为遵则让全世界遵守。
38 | 3. 弗洛伊德的马克思主义赖希想把佛洛伊德精神分析用于马主义的辅助性学科,在不改变辩证唯物主义的基础上做补充,补充精神如何具体反作用于物质的,但是最终这种结合还是自我宣布失败了。
39 | 4.存在主义的马克思主义者萨特自己都不认可自己是马克思主义者,更是多次被卢卡奇批判,参与法国五月 风暴的目的也不是为了共产主义。
40 | 5. 结构主义的马克思主义者阿尔都塞是一个机会主义者,在法共和法毛之前来回摇摆,对苏修赫鲁晓夫认识也不清(支持过赫鲁晓夫)。在五月风暴的表现恰恰表达出了他是个学究的马克思主义的,认为学生暴动不会起到改善作用而是要与无产阶级结合(工农学兵肯定要结合,这点没错),开始拒绝参与,五月风暴后期才亲自下场与毛派组织建立关系。但是他依旧对修正主义抱有幻想,他的认识没有上升到教员那个层面,对法共和赫鲁晓夫的苏共没有完全的认识,甚至对于教员领导的继续革命的认识也是不清晰的,认为重点在上层建筑的意识形态和文化领域革命,而不是教员的“以意识形态为突破口,推翻旧制度和逐步缩小资产法权,改革不适应的生产关系和上层建筑来带动生产力发展的一场全方位革命”。阿尔都塞在最后的访谈录里面认为,哲学是战场,除此之外不是什么,建立马克思主义哲学也好,在修正主义与法共之间搞调和也好都是为了哲学这个战场服务的。可见其机会主义。
41 | 阿尔都塞是一个精神病患者(可能是二战在集中营受折磨的原因),因为精神病发作杀害了他的妻子,然后被关入精神病院,他的理论前后一直摇摆,不容易搞清楚什么时候精神正常什么时候不正常(写«保卫马克思»期间有已经查出精神病了)。
42 | 他早年割裂马克思主义科学和意识形态之间的辩证关系,抬高科学贬低意识形态, 用资产阶级当时主流哲学思想中的“结构主义”替代马克思主义,反对社会实践是检验真理的标准,把他认为的相对独立的哲学理论 上升到和社会实践同样的高度,搞什么实践理论的实践。而马克思主义则认为理论是实践-理论-再实践-再理论这个螺旋上升过程中的一环,列宁哲学笔记认为形式逻辑,辩证逻辑和现实是同一的,都是对客观事物及发展的正确的能动反映,同时需要社会实践的反复检验和总结才能正确反映,概念和范畴则是通向真理的一步一步上升的阶梯。而且马克思主义身就是无产阶级的正确并能动反映客观事物及其发展的科学的意识形态。
43 |
44 | 他早年结构主义的要害在与 : 口头认可主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面的同时,实际上过于重视事物结构内的各个因素之间的互相影响,弄出个多元矛盾决定论,以此出发搞出一个羞答答的经济基础决定论,在这套理论里承认经济基础决定上层建筑只是一个幌子,真实目的在与强调上层建筑各个因素的影响,上层建筑各个因素之间的关系当然是相互联系的,但是艺术,文化,宗教等等不可能上升为相对独立的主要决定因素,甚至主导全局。上层建筑各个因素偏向于构成一个整体,然后和生产关系相互影响,并被经济基础所最终决定。
45 | 他早年以结构主义出发,对马克思一生理论发展做了形而上学的总结,并且到了晚年反复经历过自我批判文集写作后也可不改变这个观点。认为马克思理论的发展分几个时期,每个时期之间都是断崖式质变的,强调马克思主义的科学性忽视意识形态,割裂马克思不同时间理论发展的连续性和连贯性。事实上,即使在1844手稿马克思也是以辩证唯物主义立场出发写的,只是理论体系没有后面完善而已,而且用辩证唯物主义去解释的异化以及人道主义,用黑格尔和费尔巴哈理论的的词语但是含义早就不一样,就算在博士论文里面也能看到很多辩证唯物主义思想雏形,在论文里马克思和伊壁鸠鲁的理论有明显区别,强调人受自然和社会限制。
46 | 早年的“ 阅读你的证候阅读法”是也是先验主义的,借助文字的空白 标点和无去研究文章里背后的结构,认为是这个结构决定作者思想,而不是作者笔下文字,不看重文字本身含义,不联系上下文,这种最大的缺点就是会让读者关进入自己的理解的主观世界。不同世界观的人用这个方法阅读同样一篇文字会的得出截然相反的作者本人思想总结。
47 | 晚年偶然相遇的唯物主义认为历史完全是偶然性的,其中夹杂部分必然趋势,截取了必然性和偶然性对立统一的半截,而马克思主义认为历史是偶然性和必然性的对立统一,即既有联系又有区别-偶然性是建立者一定必然性的土壤之上的,就像在古代不可能偶然有人发明出电脑手机,,没那个技术基础和工业基础。同时偶然性中包含了必然性的一部分 ,必然性和偶然性一定条件下能相互转换,偶然性事件累计到一定量就会质变变成必然性,就像每个王朝末期都是最开始零星造反事件(这个偶然事件里包含了必然的阶级矛盾,这里不出现造反,那里也会出现,今天不出现明天也会出现),火把慢慢多了互相点燃发生质变最后大量造反,王朝必然被推翻。 同时不管偶然性还是必然性都都只是多少的可能性,还要考虑到可能和现实的对立统一.....
48 | ```
49 | “哲学从不期望解决办法,也就是说,从不期望获得关于其对象的认识,因为这不是它的目的。”
50 | («在哲学中成为马克思主义者»)
51 | “我是一名无政府主义者,一名社会无政府主义者。我不是一名共产主义者,因为无政府主义超越了共产主义。”
52 | “那辩证唯物主义可能存在吗?”阿尔都塞:“一回事,甚至更糟……”
53 | (1980采访)
54 | “二十二大的伟大创新在于确认了整个战略取决于民主。在任何情况下,党都承诺尊重普选的裁断,从而实现政治交替。大会指出,法国人民不会通过暴力或强力手段走向社会主义,而是以民主的方式,通过普选走向社会主义。”
55 | " 关于放弃无产阶级专政的评论家们说:‘专政=希特勒+墨索里尼等等’。实际上,他们还说了另一句话,但没有说出来:’专政=斯大林主义’。无论如何,这些话就是这样进入听众的头脑的。因为决定意义的不是文字,而是文字的回声。因此,毫无疑问,第二十二次代表大会“放弃”,或者说象征性地牺牲无产阶级专政,是一石二鸟之举。”
56 | 《论法共二十二大》 1977年 发表于《思想》上
57 | ```
58 |
59 | 但是和其他阿尔都塞主义者不同的是,阿尔都塞在晚年为未公开哲学代表作«在哲学中成为马克思主义者»对于恩格斯哲学唯物唯心两条道路的斗争,持认可立场,“从笼统的来说没有错”,“必须充分考虑这一事实,并对它加以思考,同时又不放弃恩格斯的观念。”
60 |
61 | ==补 充==:论再生产简单批判
62 | 他想补充上层建筑反作用于经济基础,但是结论走向唯心主义。
63 | 他想去除马克思主义中合理的黑格尔因素,马克思主义认为:生产力和生产关系上是形式和内容的辩证联系(生产关系是形式,生产力是内容),没有脱离内容的形式,也没有脱离形式的内容,阿尔都塞认为这是黑格尔的思想残余,是错的,需要予以修改。实际上,这是黑格尔主义中的合理因素,艾思奇在:辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义 里说:生产力和生产关系是形式和内容的辩证统一...阿尔都塞一生致力于去除马克思主义中的合理的部分黑格尔因素,割裂马克思和黑格尔的联系(而人道主义马克思又主张用黑格尔重新解读马克思,批判二国际的机械思想,恢复马克思哲学性,这两者都是两个极端) 疏不知黑格尔哲学本身就是马克思主义来源之一,马克思对黑格尔主义做了全面扬弃,唯物改造黑格尔,在资本论序言更多次说明了自己和黑格尔的联系,列宁在哲学笔记也认为,资本论写作逻辑就是按黑格尔。(但不是说不读黑格尔就不懂马克思,因为已经吸收扬弃了,马克思不是直接使用黑格尔,而是使用被唯物改造的黑格尔)
64 | 他反对生产力和生产关系是形式和内容的辩证统一,不重点讲商品再生产及其产生的剥削,而是重点讲生产关系再生产和意识形态再生产。马克思理论里只有商品和资本再生产(循环),生产关系和意识形态是随着物质/商品形式的改变而改变的,没有脱离形式的内容,也没有脱离内容的形式。意识形态是一类人思想共性,其基础是物质世界-商品,有什么样的生产力/商品形式, 就会产生什么样的意识形态,比如先有奢侈品,再有对奢侈品的拜物教思想意识形态,商品的设计也不是凭空,来自于上阶段的生产的总结和创新(有物质来源)。
65 | 生产关系的再生产,意识形态的再生产,原料是什么?生产关系生产生产关系?意识形态产生意识形态?意识产生意识?这些统统离不开物质-商品-资本再生产的。
66 | 生产力是根本因素,决定生产关系的下限和上限(封建的生产力产生不了资本的生产关,工业资本的运行不可能靠传统封建的生产关系)生产关系是直接影响因素(艾思奇讲稿选),主要的生产关系直接影响社会形态。
67 | 生产关系是怎样反作用于生产力? 两者是矛盾的对立统一,一般情况下生产力是矛盾的主要方面,生产力决定生产关系-什么样的生产力就有产生什么样的生产关系,生产力是不断发展的,而生产关系的发展对比生产力发展往往具有滞后性,因此就会产生矛盾,生产力发展到一定水平,旧的生产关系对新的生产力就有阻碍甚至破坏作用,这时候生产关系从矛盾的次要方面转变为矛盾的主要方面,只有改革生产关系,才能促进和维持新的生产力,如何改革旧有生产关系,就需要打破维持旧生产关系的旧有的上层建筑-特别是其核心的政权和旧有法权(法权=生产关系在上层建筑的反映)(不改变政权能改变法权就直接改变法权,否则必须先改变政权)。 另一方面,如果能积极调整生产关系和生产建筑,在一定限度内走到生产力前一点,是能够快速带动生产力发展的,这就是前30年教员反复强调政治挂帅的的逻辑。
68 | 以上才是上层建筑如何反作用于经济基础,生产关系如何作用于生产力,而不是阿尔都塞那套蹩脚理论。上层建筑内部不同成分是有互相联系,但是一般来说是作为一个整体和生产关系相互作用,两者是矛盾的对立统一,上层建筑中最主要的部分是政权归于哪个阶级。而阿尔都塞过于重视其中的意识形态,表面认同经济归根结底,实际滑向唯心主义,,说好听点叫半截子唯物主义。
69 | 他认为哲学是理论上的阶级斗争,不存在马克思主义哲学,而是在哲学上成为一名马克思主义者(做好理论中的阶级斗争)。列宁哲学笔记认为:概念本身是一步一步进步的阶梯一个一个阶段的总结(每一阶段有其相对固定的形式,同时一直上升)。mlm主义的观点是:马克思主义肯定有哲学(有实践和战斗的哲学无纯理哲学),这个哲学是发展的,每一阶段有相对固定的形式(包含动静两面的对立统一-相对稳定的运动着的核心),哲学理论(概念)和社会实践的关系是:实践-理论-再实践-再理论,循环往复,螺旋上升,理论和实践是联系的发展的。理论是这个循环中的一环,没有脱离实践的理论,也没有脱离理论的实践,理论的阶级斗争不是耍嘴炮,而是需要反复社会实践的检验。社会实践是检验真理的唯一标准,并且不排斥逻辑的证明。但是逻辑也是现实在人脑中的加工后的抽象,逻辑是否完善合理关键是在现实中合不合理,列宁哲学笔记认为形式逻辑,辩证逻辑和客观世界是同一的 ,都是对客观物质及其发展的能动反映。同时恩格斯列宁在著作中明确表示,哲学是一切学科的共性, 普遍性,因此不存在脱离具体社会(包括具体学科的)纯哲学,一般不能脱离特殊而存在。而阿尔都塞认为哲学是加工意识形态的工具。
70 | 阿尔都塞割裂了哲学理论和社会实践的联系,又忽视哲学本身,片面强调理论上的阶级斗争,陷入形而上学。阿尔说要在理论上阶级斗争 ,实际上,哲学理论需要斗争 ,社会实践更需要斗争,阿尔杜塞重视理论上的阶级斗争这点可以 ,但对比mlm主义还是显得片面:我们不仅要在理论上阶级斗争,更要在社会实践上阶级斗争,后者才是最主要的核心。
71 | 重要的不是成为马克思主义哲学家,也不是在阿尔都塞说的哲学上成为一名马克思主义者,而是在现实的阶级斗争(社会实践)中成为一名马克思主义者。现有阶级斗争 ,再有阶级?荒谬,是有用分工,产生阶级 ,然后因为阶级间矛盾产生阶级斗争,其中包括非对抗性阶段,对抗性阶段,广泛对抗性阶段。
72 | 西方马克思主义中的后现代马克思主义这里不做重点论述。
73 |
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/README.md:
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1 | # Maoism-马列毛主义自由开源图书资料库
2 | ——全世界无产者联合起来,全世界受压迫者和被剥削者联合起来,为了实现共产主义而奋斗!
3 |
4 |
5 | - 最新完整内容请访问[马列毛主义图书资料及网站汇编/*免费匿名代理或vpn/自建代理或vpn*/安全标准/网络安全/自由及开源软件和系统使用指导/匿名/加密/虚拟机/匿名邮箱/匿名加密聊天/匿名文件传输/阅后即焚/匿名网站搭建/匿名博客...](https://minzuhun.codeberg.page/)
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 | 目录(点击左侧折叠按钮展开)
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 | ```
14 | ==目录==
15 | *****************************************************************************
16 | 一.马列毛学习推荐资料
17 | 二.互联网搜集的图书资源汇编(分类齐全)
18 | 三.其他人的开源项目/资料库(燎原月刊/春雷等)
19 | 四.免费电子书/纪录片/电影检索下载(zli图书馆,安娜的档案等)
20 | 五.西方马克思主义概论及批判 ,托洛茨基和安娜其主义批判
21 | 六.一些推荐网站
22 | 七.自由及开源系统和软件使用指南,网络安全合集
23 | *****************************************************************************
24 | ```
25 |
26 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 |
28 | ==说明==: 此项目复制/搬运于其他开源项目,内容均来自互联网,请勿用于非法用途。如果网址打不开或者没反应请[连接国际互联网](https://gitea.com/gjcxn358/go-to-word)使用。外文网页建议配合浏览器插件翻译网页,比如[翻译插件twp](https://addons.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/addon/traduzir-paginas-web/),推荐使用[firefox火狐浏览器国际版](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/all/),火狐浏览器支持pfd文件在线观看而且无网站黑名单拦截。如果点击链接没反应,请多等一会,或者换节点。
29 | ==须知==: **请使用下面的自由开源软件下载和阅读资料,避免被跟踪**.点击即可免代理下载
30 | |软件类型|安卓|windows|网页版|
31 | |:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
32 | |火狐浏览器国际版|[安卓](https://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/fenix/releases/)(版本号最大的是最新的) |[电脑](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/all/) |:---:|
33 | |解压缩|[ZipXtract](https://codeberg.org/p23tyjujukk/fdroid-use/raw/commit/7814b5c8ad85db08cb97e18bf31b3727fa67584e/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/%E8%A7%A3%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9ZipXtract.apk)|[7zip](https://www.7-zip.org/)|:---:|:---:|
34 | |文件管理|[amaze](https://codeberg.org/p23tyjujukk/fdroid-use/raw/commit/704fea28f833853d3f5b36ce4a1b66f96a8b157b/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86Amaze.apk)|:---:|:---:|
35 | |阅读器|[librera](https://codeberg.org/p23tyjujukk/fdroid-use/raw/commit/724ff8615f4faa85685f46c5b0b7d8c95a223c85/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8F%8A%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6/%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB%E5%99%A8Librera%20FD.apk)|[koodo](https://www.koodoreader.com/zh)|[koodo](https://web.koodoreader.com/#/manager/empty) |
36 |
37 |
38 |
39 | **根据解压后文件名后缀 网上查询用什么软件打开,请勿使用腾讯浏览器/腾讯文件管理等非开源程序解压和阅读资料文件,会记录并上报用户隐私。 **
40 |
41 |
42 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
43 | ## 正文:
44 | ==(点击下面列表标题或折叠按钮即可展开内容)==
45 |
46 |
47 |
48 |
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 |
54 | 一. 马列毛学习推荐资料
55 |
56 | #### 一. 马列毛学习推荐资料
57 | ##### [点击此免代理下载和在线观看核心书籍 ](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books)
58 | **书籍推荐:**
59 | ==注意==:pdf扫描版可能不清晰,epub/mobi或者txt版文字清晰度高切更适合手机的小界面,只是epub和mobi版不能在线阅览,点击括号内的版本即可在线阅览或者下载
60 | 1. 教员 :辩证法唯物论讲授提纲(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/1bdadd4fd310d22e4fcc28ad4ea1d31d20dfb8ff/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%AE%BA%28%E8%AE%B2%E6%8E%88%E6%8F%90%E7%BA%B2%EF%BC%89.pdf) | [EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/1d0511a0a5f787035fa76f97a090fa75c28ed436/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C-%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E6%B3%95%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%AE%BA%28%E8%AE%B2%E6%8E%88%E6%8F%90%E7%BA%B2%29.epub) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/1937/index.htm)|)
61 | 毛主席五篇哲学([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/1bdadd4fd310d22e4fcc28ad4ea1d31d20dfb8ff/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0/%E6%AF%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%94%E7%AF%87%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%20%28%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%29.pdf) )
62 | ```
63 | (实践论 ,矛盾论,人的正确认识哪里来,关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题,在全国会议上讲话)
64 | ```
65 | 2. 艾思奇 :辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/branch/main/%E8%89%BE%E6%80%9D%E5%A5%87%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E8%89%BE%E6%80%9D%E5%A5%87%20%E8%BE%A9%E8%AF%81%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89.pdf) )
66 | 艾思奇讲稿选( [PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E8%89%BE%E6%80%9D%E5%A5%87%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/%E8%89%BE%E6%80%9D%E5%A5%87%E8%AE%B2%E7%A8%BF%E9%80%89%282023%E5%B9%B410%E6%9C%88%E7%B2%BE%E6%A0%A1%29.pdf) )
67 | 3. 印共毛:马列毛主义基础教程([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E6%AF%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%8F%E4%BC%AF%E9%98%B3%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89%20%28%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%EF%BC%88%E6%AF%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%80%85%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%8C%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%EF%BC%8C%E3%80%8A%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%97%E6%AF%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B%E3%80%8B%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E7%BB%84%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%8F%E4%BC%AF%E9%98%B3%29%20%28Z-Library%29.pdf) )
68 | 4. 75政治经济学基础知识([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%2875%29.pdf) )
69 | 或者徐禾«政治经济学概论»([EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/c5dc2a79c9b23865ffbbc4f087abf6fe6d48f775/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA-%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%85%E7%89%88%20%28%E5%BE%90%E7%A6%BE%29%20.epub))
70 | 76版社会主义政治经济学([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A676%E7%89%88-%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%8876%E6%9C%AA%E5%AE%9A%E7%A8%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E7%A8%BF%EF%BC%89.pdf))
71 | 5. 恩格斯:共产主义原理(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF-%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86.pdf) | [MOBI](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/d4296fb2130c224fd7a0b14afac652874d92cac8/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%20%28%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%29%20.mobi) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/marxist.org-chinese-engels-1847a.htm)|)
72 | 共产党宣言(|[PDF下载和观看](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80.pdf) | [EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/d5fb88f15094007384605f9c4153b220dc6b2ffb/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80.epub) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/01.htm)|)
73 | 6. 列宁:国家与革命(|[EPUBF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81-%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%8E%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%20%28%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%29%20%28z-lib.org%29.epub) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/191708-09/index.htm)|)
74 | 共产主义运动中的“左派”幼稚病( [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/192004/index.htm) )
75 | 帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段( [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/15.htm))
76 | 怎么办( [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/1901-1902/index.htm))
77 | 7. 恩格斯 :反杜林论(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%8F%8D%E6%9D%9C%E6%9E%97%E8%AE%BA%20%28%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%29%20.pdf) | [EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/4a9dbf3d5ac670bb4b390a238e60e33acc11dcc3/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%8F%8D%E6%9D%9C%E6%9E%97%E8%AE%BA%20%28%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%29.epub)|)
78 | 德国古典哲学的终结(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF-%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%88%E7%BB%93%20.pdf) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/marxist.org-chinese-engels-1888.htm )|)
79 | 8. 毛泽东选集1-7(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/cc8bf98c505c32480764bc2b60e6e8167dab2871/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%80%89%E9%9B%86%EF%BC%881-7%EF%BC%9A%E5%8E%9F%E7%89%88%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%B7+%E9%9D%99%E7%81%AB+%E8%B5%A4%E6%97%97+%E8%8D%89%E5%A0%82%EF%BC%89.pdf) | [EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/8dfffcbff71d053997f2736637af947dd00bf2c6/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E9%80%89%E9%9B%861-7%20%28%E9%9D%99%E7%81%AB%29.epub) | [毛泽东著作网页在线版在线](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/index.htm)|)
80 | 毛泽东读苏联政治经济学批注和讲话([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/src/commit/8dfffcbff71d053997f2736637af947dd00bf2c6/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%92%8C%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0) )
81 | 9. 列宁:唯物主义和经验批判主义(| [PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81-%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%20.pdf) | [EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81-%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89.epub)|)
82 | 10. 马克思恩格斯:德意志意识形态([EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81.epub))
83 | 恩格斯晚年唯物史观五封书信([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%99%9A%E5%B9%B4%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E5%8F%B2%E8%A7%82%E4%BA%94%E7%AF%87%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1.pdf) )
84 | 11. 共产主义运动史问答([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%B2%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94.pdf))
85 | 12. 根据个人需求选择性阅读:
86 | 列宁著«卡尔马克思»([PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/3b393c5ce4ae2609415c7fe50fc2d3e9be8760db/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%20%E3%80%8A%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%20%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E3%80%8B.pdf) )
87 | «论战斗唯物主义的意义»([TXT](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/cc8bf98c505c32480764bc2b60e6e8167dab2871/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E8%AE%BA%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E5%94%AF%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E4%B9%89-%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81.txt) )
88 | «哲学笔记»([EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/440ea774e2532c5162738e7dc856c39a0971b480/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%20%28%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%29%20.epub) )
89 | 马克思著«政治经济学批评»序[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/14b553afa9234f80d89a2c21db9e0593b857f9fd/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E3%80%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%A8%80%E3%80%81%E5%AF%BC%E8%A8%80.pdf)
90 | 工资价格和利润(|[PDF](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84%E3%80%81%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%92%8C%E5%88%A9%E6%B6%A6%20%28%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E8%91%97%29%20.pdf) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/marxist.org-chinese-marx-1865-5.htm)|)
91 | 雇佣劳动与资本(|[EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E9%9B%87%E4%BD%A3%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%8E%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%20%28%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%29%20.epub) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/mia-chinese-marx-184904.htm)|)
92 | 资本论(|[EPUB](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/14b553afa9234f80d89a2c21db9e0593b857f9fd/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%AE%BA%281-3%29%28%E5%A5%97%E8%A3%85%E5%85%B13%E5%86%8C%29%20.epub) | [网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/capital/index.htm) | )
93 | [马克思部分著作网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/marx/index.htm)
94 | [恩格斯部分著作网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/engels/index.htm)
95 | [马克思恩格斯全集epub版](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86.epub)
96 | [列宁部分著作网页在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/lenin/index.htm)
97 | [列宁全集epub版](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E5%85%A8%E9%9B%86.epub)
98 | [毛泽东部分著作在线版](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/maozedong/index.htm)
99 | [斯大林选集PDF版](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/raw/commit/429fd885345fa85a014894b55158e4adb2821f1b/%E9%A9%AC%E6%81%A9%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E9%80%89%E9%9B%86.zip)
100 |
101 | ``原著阅读可以配上[导读注释浅说](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/src/branch/main/%E5%8E%9F%E8%91%97%E5%AF%BC%E8%AF%BB),刚入原著没那么简单,不了解背景和各种批判对象`
102 | 其他根据个人需求。
103 | ==其他推荐:==
104 | [阳和平](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE#1ba047sq3sv3q):关于继续革命的相关文章 音频 视频
105 | [魏巍同志晚年文章](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/weiwei), 特别是总结继续革命理论经验的
106 | [铁木尔哈达(党员)的晚年日记《醒悟》](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE#5vpo54xms7u16) 等
107 |
108 |
109 |
110 |
111 |
112 |
113 |
114 |
115 | 二. 互联网搜集的图书资源汇编
116 |
117 | #### 二. 互联网搜集的图书资源汇编
118 | ;**解压密码多为文件名后括号内的字母数字或者文件名中文后英文开始的部分(不包含“.xxx”文件名后缀)**
119 |
120 | ==推荐集==
121 | 1. [原著及理论基础精简版及免代理可在线](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books) (马克思-恩格斯-列宁斯-斯大林-毛泽东)
122 | 2. [五大导师原著及参考资料完整版](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE#qjwkgqx3du4v8)
123 | 3. [马列毛主义基础理论完整版](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE#vjxtjb6be455g)(包括辩证唯物主义,政治经济,科学社会主义,艾思奇李达全集工农兵群众哲学等)
124 | 辟谣专题
125 |
126 | 4. [***毛泽东,斯大林辟谣专题-免代理~~~](https://gitea.com/sljdcvddvvvc/piyao)
127 |
128 | 5. [文化革命精简版免代理可在线](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/books/src/branch/main/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD)
129 | 6. [文化革命史专题完整版](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents#vb7ey5msl9dne)(收录有冲突各方派系各核心人物各地区等)
130 | 7. [六四和改开](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents#u89w2e584x9fg)
131 | 8. [江,姚,张,王,康等中央小组专题-免代理](https://codeberg.org/cctv/cr-conture)
132 | - [朱不可夫视频-江青【文革人物志3】](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUonthO2S0E)
133 | - [朱不可夫视频-姚文元【文革人物志4】](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z38Qcptghtk)
134 |
135 | 9. [陈永贵专题-免代理](https://codeberg.org/cctv/cr-conture/src/branch/main/%E9%99%88%E6%B0%B8%E8%B4%B5)
136 | 10. [林彪彭德怀专题](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents#7bpceatf12as0)
137 | [视频-林彪集团是如何镇压军内造反派的](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDFql-0mbsI)
138 | 11. [阳和平专题](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE#1ba047sq3sv3q)(收录其文章讲课等)
139 | 12. [巍巍专题免代理](https://codeberg.org/lovechina/weiwei)
140 | 13. [苏联和苏修历史专题](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents#au1ulbyr8gl4k)
141 | 14. [国际共产主义运动](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents#v7f3241nujsxm)(印共毛,菲共,日共等)
142 |
143 |
144 | ==总集==
145 | 1. [国际国内共产运动历史](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/1n90zyd6xdgx2/Documents) (文化继续革命,包含韩丁,斯诺专题等)
146 | 2. [马列毛哲学+阶级斗争实践+西马/托派/安娜其主义/修正主义批判](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/ztrtd5v0299mx/ADOBE)(包含 马列毛哲学学习专题,原著及导读,妇女解放,工人学生教育专题,魏巍同志晚年文章专题,阳和平专题文章视频音频,铁木尔哈达(党员)的晚年日记《醒悟》,农民副总理陈永贵专题等)
147 | 3. [影音画报](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/durkr7vyjp252/see) (bbs论坛语音,马列之声公众号旧文章,毛选朗读版,红旗,人民日报,燎原月刊,春雷,热浪等杂志,历史影视,纪录片等。注意:最新的燎原和春雷请看后文分享的的燎原官方github库 )
148 | 4. [软件互联网安全相关](https://codeberg.org/p23tyjujukk/internet-security)
149 | 5. [燎原月刊官方网盘](https://www.mediafire.com/folder/19inu1mna8ioz) (同步比后文燎原官方github链接慢)
150 |
151 |
152 |
153 |
154 |
155 |
156 |
157 | 三. 其他人的开源项目项目/资料库,包含很多资料
158 |
159 | #### 三. 其他人的开源项目/资料库,包含很多资料
160 | **github项目可以在线书籍,点击“view code”打开项目目录, 打开要下载的文件, 左上角“... ”按钮,从上往下数第三个 “...”,点击后再点击view,有view选项,点击即可在线阅览和下载,download下载按钮只能在电脑端使用**
161 | - [国际加速器使用教程-收集自他人开源项目](https://gitea.com/gjcxn358/go-to-word)
162 | - [马列毛资料库 (支持在线观看/下载)](https://github.com/ProletRevDicta/Prolet)
163 | - [马列毛主义统一战线图书馆1](https://bookstore.cmlmuf.top/)
164 | - [马列毛主义统一战线图书馆2](https://library.cmlmuf.top/)
165 | - [燎原月刊官方(注意甄别内容)](https://github.com/monthlyliaoyuan/monthlyliaoyuan)
166 |
167 |
168 |
169 |
170 |
171 |
172 |
173 |
174 |
175 |
176 |
177 | 四. 电子书和纪录片电影检索下载引擎网站
178 |
179 | #### 四. 电子书和纪录片电影检索下载引擎网站
180 | 1. 首选zli图书馆(全球最大开源电子书网站,一个账号每人免费10次下载)安卓app端见网盘1
181 | [zli图书馆安卓客户端(其他客户端也在这个网址)](https://zh.go-to-library.sk/#android_app_tab)
182 | [zli图书馆可用网址检测](https://zh.go-to-library.sk/#useful_link_tab)
183 | [zli图书馆火狐浏览器可用网址检测插件(推荐)](https://zh.go-to-library.sk/#desktop_app_tab)
184 |
185 | 2. [pdfdrive图书馆](https://www.pdfdrive.com/#)
186 | 3. [libgen图书馆](https://libgen.li/)
187 | 4. [安娜的档案(无下载次数限制)](https://zh.annas-archive.gs/)
188 | 5. [无产阶级图书馆 ](http://45.32.41.3/)
189 | 6. 如何下载纪录片/电影:谷歌或者bing搜索磁力网站,在磁力网站检索资源/谷歌直接搜索电影纪录片。示例磁力聚合:
190 | https://www.5hacg.com/article/6622.html 配合迅雷/motrix 等磁力下载工具下载
191 |
192 |
193 |
194 |
195 |
196 |
197 |
198 |
199 | 五. 西方马克思主义思潮概论与批判
200 |
201 | #### 五. 西方马克思主义思潮概论与批判
202 | 西方马克思主义概论与批判-[(点击链接查看正文)](./西方马克思主义批判.html)
203 | ##### 托洛茨基主义/安娜其无政府主义/修正主义批判参考前文的网盘资源
204 |
205 |
206 |
207 |
208 |
209 |
210 |
211 |
212 |
213 |
214 | 六. 一些推荐网站 (新闻资料等)
215 |
216 | #### 六. 一些推荐网站 (新闻资料等)
217 | - [布站-新闻文章等,需要魔法](https://longlivemarxleninmaoism.online/)
218 | - [国际共产主义联盟官网(毛主义)](https://ci-ic.org/)
219 | [毛泽东博览(毛泽东资料库)](http://www.mzdbl.cn/)
220 | - [激流网](https://jiliuwang.net/)
221 | - [共产主义旗帜网](http://www.gczyqzggpy.com/)
222 | - [马列毛主义统一战线论坛](https://forum.cmlmuf.top/ )
223 | - [马列毛主义统一战线博客](https://blog.cmlmuf.top/)
224 | - [托派建立的马克思主义文库](https://www.marxists.org/chinese/index.html) (需要甄别托派理论和西马理论)
225 | - [在线旧报刊(人民日报 红旗等)](https://reader.jojokanbao.cn/)
226 | - [中国革命历史文献资料](http://geming.20m.com/)
227 | - [林彪 军队 继续革命](https://www.linbiao.org/forum/index.php)
228 | - [马列毛图书馆](https://maozhuyi.home.blog/category/%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6/)
229 | - [From Marx to Mao - 从马克思到毛泽东](http://www.marx2mao.com/)
230 | - [贡派马列毛图书馆 ](https://maozhuyi.home.blog/) – 坚持、捍卫和应用马列毛主义,主要是毛主义!
231 | - [無產階級圖書館 - 解放知識!](https://library.proletarian.me/)
232 | - [中国劳工报](https://clb.org.hk/en)
233 | - [马列毛群众](https://mlmmlm-icu.github.io/t/topic/index.html)
234 | - [俄罗斯毛主义党资料库](https://rusmaoparty.org/library/)
235 | - [bannedthought資料庫](https://www.bannedthought.net/)
236 | - [SOL ROJO 新聞](https://pukainti.blogspot.com/?m=1)
237 | - [保衛馬克思 新聞](http://www.marxist.com/ )
238 | - [irm国际红色通讯](https://irn.red/)
239 | - [继续革命与当代史研究网 ](https://difangwenge.org/) (需自行辨别资料)
240 | - [红色中文网](http://redchinacn.net/) (需自行辨别资料)
241 | - 黎明导航(马克思主义网站导航)
242 | https://dawnnav.pages.dev/
243 | ### tg 电报群组
244 | - [Marx BBS TMbbs论坛语音 阳和平 红贝 太湖石讲课等]( https://t.me/mlmbbs) (==已解散==)
245 | - [马列毛主义与革命左翼图书馆](https://t.me/taipingtianguo )
246 | - [马列毛主义与革命左翼-国际共运]( https://t.me/statelesscommunism )
247 | - [马列毛主义与革命左翼 时事评论]( https://t.me/eventstracing )
248 | - [马列毛新闻]( https://t.me/eventstracing )
249 | - [菲律宾人民战争广播](https://t.me/mlmcpp)(本频道主要介绍菲律宾共产党领导下的菲律宾人民战争的进程、斗争历史和革命经验,以此散播马列毛主义
250 |
251 | - [东风-马列毛文献资料库](https://t.me/DFMLMlib)
252 | - [东风-马列毛主义时事评论](https://t.me/dongfengmaliemaozhuyipipan)
253 | - [无产阶级革命历史资料]( https://t.me/prorevhisdata )
254 | - [烈火学社](https://t.me/liehuoxueshegroup)
255 | - [工农解放社](https://t.me/Liberation1966)
256 | - [革命火炬](https://t.me/gczy2022)
257 | - [工劳快讯:关注当代打工人]( https://t.me/laborpower )
258 | - [前进报](https://t.me/vorwarts_2023)
259 | - [列宁道路](https://t.me/RoadofLenin)
260 | - [品葱精选](https://t.me/featuredofpincong )
261 | - [人民战争-中文广播 (国际共运新闻)](https://t.me/PeoplesWar_zh )
262 | - [中国共产主义工人党新闻部](https://t.me/CLPOfChina)
263 | - [捍卫马克思主义](https://t.me/vorwarts_2023 )
264 | - [iyouport(开源项目合集)](https://t.me/iyouport)
265 |
266 | ### 其他大陆 搜书网站合集
267 | 1. [熊猫搜书_熊猫搜索_一站式读书学习导航站_聚合电子书及文档搜索](https://xmsoushu.com/#/)
268 | 2. [书享家-电子书下载导航](https://www.shuxiangjia.cn/?rfrom=1024320u&rchannel=1024321o&rqid=10160763377719097155)
269 |
270 | ### xmpp公开群
271 | 自行查找
272 |
273 |
274 |
275 |
276 |
277 |
278 |
279 |
280 |
281 | 七. 自由软件/操作系统
282 |
283 |
284 | #### 七、自由软件/操作系统
285 | - [自由及开源软件](https://codeberg.org/p23tyjujukk/internet-security) -包含自由及开源软件和系统安装使用/手机电脑自由开源虚拟机和容器/应用和文件加密/伪装隐藏/匿名和一次性安全邮箱/消息加密/阅后即焚/文件托管/临时安全聊天室/加密聊天室...
286 |
287 | - [电脑版koodoreader本地阅读器官网](https://koodo.960960.xyz/zh)
288 | - [电脑版libreofiice 自由办公软件 官网](https://www.libreoffice.org/download/download-libreoffice/)
289 | - [7zip官网](https://www.7-zip.org/download.html)
290 | - [windows自由开源沙盒软件sandboxie](https://sandboxie-plus.com/downloads/) (隔离商业软件 软件环境)
291 | ......
292 |
293 |
294 |
295 | ~~持续更新,未完待续.......~~
296 |
297 | ---
298 |
299 | ---
300 |
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209 |
210 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
213 |
214 | a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
215 | it, and giving a relevant date.
216 |
217 | b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
218 | released under this License and any conditions added under section
219 | 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
220 | "keep intact all notices".
221 |
222 | c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
223 | License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
224 | License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
225 | additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
226 | regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
227 | permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
228 | invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
229 |
230 | d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
231 | Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
232 | interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
233 | work need not make them do so.
234 |
235 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
241 | beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
243 | parts of the aggregate.
244 |
245 | 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
246 |
247 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
250 | in one of these ways:
251 |
252 | a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
253 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
254 | Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
255 | customarily used for software interchange.
256 |
257 | b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
258 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
259 | written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
260 | long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
261 | model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
262 | copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
263 | product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
264 | medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
265 | more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
266 | conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
267 | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
268 |
269 | c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
270 | written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
271 | alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
272 | only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
273 | with subsection 6b.
274 |
275 | d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
276 | place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
277 | Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
278 | further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
279 | Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
280 | copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
281 | may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
282 | that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
283 | clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
284 | Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
285 | Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
286 | available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
287 |
288 | e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
289 | you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
290 | Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
291 | charge under subsection 6d.
292 |
293 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 | included in conveying the object code work.
296 |
297 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 | the only significant mode of use of the product.
309 |
310 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 | modification has been made.
317 |
318 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 | been installed in ROM).
328 |
329 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 | protocols for communication across the network.
336 |
337 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 | unpacking, reading or copying.
342 |
343 | 7. Additional Terms.
344 |
345 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions.
353 |
354 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
360 |
361 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
364 |
365 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
367 |
368 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or
371 |
372 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
374 | reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
375 |
376 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
377 | authors of the material; or
378 |
379 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
381 |
382 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
383 | material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
384 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 | those licensors and authors.
387 |
388 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying.
397 |
398 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 | where to find the applicable terms.
402 |
403 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 | the above requirements apply either way.
406 |
407 | 8. Termination.
408 |
409 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 | paragraph of section 11).
414 |
415 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation.
421 |
422 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 | your receipt of the notice.
428 |
429 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 | material under section 10.
434 |
435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
436 |
437 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
445 |
446 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
447 |
448 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
452 |
453 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
462 |
463 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
470 |
471 | 11. Patents.
472 |
473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
476 |
477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 | this License.
486 |
487 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version.
491 |
492 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 | patent against the party.
498 |
499 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 |
513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 |
521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 |
540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 |
552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 |
554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 |
563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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