├── .DS_Store ├── .gitignore ├── README.md └── examples ├── G271_out.json ├── examples_mixed_20191018.json └── examples_whg.json /.DS_Store: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/LinkedPasts/linked-traces-format/41fed996ed31ecb2654def1f5309953d7d1a732f/.DS_Store -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | _older/ 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Linked Traces annotations 2 | **_v0.2 Draft for comment, 19 October 2019._** 3 | 4 | *Pursuant to suggestions, the scope of Linked Traces has been modified. In the first draft ([v0.1](README_20190321.md)) only annotations having place identifier content were considered, in order to meet requirements of the [Peripleo](http://peripleo.pelagios.org) and [World Historical Gazetteer](http://whgazetteer.org) platforms. By consensus, Linked Traces should concern Web Annotations of historical entities more generally, and include or reference multiple domain- and application-specific patterns.* 5 | 6 | ### Traces 7 | The term "trace" refers to web-published resources concerning historical entities of any kind, and conventionally, to the entities themselves. Trace **_data_** takes the form of a [W3C web annotations](https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/). The annotation **_Target_** is a web resource of any type (Text, Image, Dataset, Video, Sound), and the annotation **_Body_** either embeds RDF as text in a "value" or "textBody" attribute, or links to an external RDF record with its "id" attribute. Annotations have **motivations**, which include *describing*, *linking*, *classifying*, and *tagging*. It is possible to create new motivations; e.g. *transcribing* seems broadly useful. 8 | 9 | Traces have already been indexed and displayed in the [Peripleo web application](http://peripleo.pelagios.org) developed by Rainer Simon for the [Pelagios](http://commons.pelagios.org) project; to date these are principally records of coins and inscriptions annotated with identifiers for places as "findspots" in the Classical Mediterranean region. 10 | 11 | In this new conception, Linked Traces amounts to a set of use patterns for the W3C Web Annotation [model](https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-model/) and [vocabulary](https://www.w3.org/TR/annotation-vocab) to accommodate 12 | 13 | - more kinds of historical entities (not only **artifacts**, but **events** of all kinds, **people**, and **works**, broadly construed), 14 | - more motivations and use scenarios, e.g. transcriptions of page images 15 | - more detailed content within, or referenced by, the annotation Body 16 | 17 | ### Issues 18 | 19 | 1. What are use scenarios for Linked Traces annotations? 20 | 2. What should be the model patterns for annotation Body RDF in each domain/scenario? 21 | 3. Are those patterns outside the scope of this work? 22 | 4. When should Body RDF be embedded as opposed to externally linked to? 23 | 24 | ### Scenarios and examples 25 | 26 | A preliminary list, to be expanded. *NB: W3C Annotations are specified using JSON-LD format (an RDF syntax).* 27 | 28 | - **The geographic case**: Annotations of web resources about any sort of historical item with identifiers for relevant places. 29 | 30 | > The [World Historical Gazetteer](http://whgazetteer.org) (WHG) and [Peripleo](http://peripleo.pelagios.org) platforms solicit trace annotation contributions, the bodies of which include RDF expressing a setting (a place IRI and optional 'when' statement) and its relation to the entity referenced by the Target (e.g. 'waypoint', or 'findspot'). WHG software will display (and return via API), for an indexed place, any contributed traces associated with it, exposing the Target IRI and the 'when' and 'related' properties embedded in the Body. In this way, traces provide enhanced place description for users of WHG, e.g. place1234 was a waypoint on these several journeys centuries apart, was the findspot for these several artifacts, and was among the settings for this complex historical event. 31 | 32 | ``` 33 | # places in the lifepath of Gautama Bhudda; json array in body.value 34 | 35 | { "@context":["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 36 | { "lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], 37 | "id": "http://example.org/annotations/12345", 38 | "type": "Annotation", 39 | "creator": { 40 | "id":"https://orcid.org/0000-1234-2345-6789", 41 | "name":"Anne Annotator", 42 | "homepage":"http://annotationist.org" 43 | }, 44 | "created": "2019-10-18", 45 | "motivation": "describing", 46 | "target": [{ 47 | "id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha", 48 | "type": "Text", 49 | "format": "text/html", 50 | "title": "Gautama_Buddha" 51 | }], 52 | "body": { 53 | "type": "Dataset", 54 | "format": "application/json", 55 | "value": [{ 56 | "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/86438", 57 | "title": "Lumbini", 58 | "relation": "lpo:birthplace", 59 | "when": {"timespans":[{"start": "-0563/-0480"}]} 60 | },{ 61 | "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/86001", 62 | "lpo:title": "Kusinagara", 63 | "lpo:relation": "lpo:deathplace", 64 | "lpo:when": {"timespans":[{"start": "-0483/-0400"}]} 65 | }] 66 | } 67 | } 68 | ``` 69 | 70 | - **Transcription case #1**: Annotations of archival page images with structured transcriptions of them. 71 | 72 | > [Free UK Genealogy](https://freeukgenealogy.org/) is organizing transcription of archival birth registries, which which they will store as RDF and make available via an API. In this case, the page image is the annotation Target (with an IRI as "id"), and the Body could either be only another IRI, to the transcription record for the page, or it could embed that RDF as media type application/rdf in a "value" field. 73 | 74 | > Body type A (external): 75 | 76 | ``` 77 | RDF transcription of data from an image of a birth register page 78 | 79 | { 80 | "@context": "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 81 | "id": "http://example.org/anno_0001", 82 | "type": "Annotation", 83 | "license”: "”, 84 | "creator”: "https://freeukgenealogy.org/volunteers/richardofsussex", 85 | "created": "2017-05-24", 86 | "motivation”: "transcription”, 87 | "target": { 88 | "type": "Image", 89 | "id": "https://freeukgenealogy.org/data/b65432" 90 | }, 91 | "body": { 92 | "type": "Dataset", 93 | "format": "application/rdf" 94 | "id”: "http://example.org/birthregistration/1234” 95 | } 96 | } 97 | ``` 98 | > Body type B: (embedded) 99 | > 100 | 101 | ``` 102 | "body": { 103 | "type": "Dataset", 104 | "format": "application/rdf" 105 | "value”: ' 106 | @prefix fugont: . 107 | @prefix freeukgen: . 108 | @prefix fugregdist: . 109 | @prefix fugreg: . 110 | @prefix dc: . 111 | @prefix dcterms: . 112 | @prefix crm: . 113 | freeukgen:bmd12345 a fugont:transcription; 114 | crm:P70_documents freeukgen:be23456; 115 | dc:creator fugvol:richardofsussex; 116 | dc:date "2017-05-24"^^xsd:date; 117 | dcterms:license . 118 | freeukgen:be23456 a fugont:registrationevent; 119 | crm:P70_documents freeukgen:b65432; 120 | crm:P7_took_place_at fugregdist:Droxford; 121 | crm:P70i_is_documented_in fugreg:Droxford_7_72; 122 | crm:P4_has_time_span [ 123 | crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin "1850-07-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime; 124 | crm:P82b_end_of_the_end "1850-09-30T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . 125 | ] . 126 | freeukgen:b65432 a crm:E67_Birth; 127 | crm:P98_brought_into_life freeukgen:b65432_child; 128 | crm:P96_by_mother freeukgen:b65432_mother; 129 | crm:P97_from_father freeukgen:b65432_father; 130 | crm:P4_has_time_span [ 131 | crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin "1849-07-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime; 132 | crm:P82b_end_of_the_end "1850-09-30T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . 133 | ] . 134 | freeukgen:b65432_child a crm:E21_Person; 135 | crm:P1_is_identified_by "Light, Thomas Edward" . 136 | ' 137 | } 138 | 139 | ``` 140 | 141 | - **Transcription case #2**: Annotations of ___ with ___. 142 | 143 | [Recogito](http://recogito.pelagios.org) is an online tool for geo-tagging of text and image documents. In Recogito's case, 144 | the traces are the annotations that link the geographical references in the document to places in the gazetteer. Annotation bodies are simple, in this case, and point to the gazetteer URIs. 145 | 146 | __Example 1: Annotations on text__ 147 | 148 | ```json 149 | { 150 | "@context" : "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 151 | "id" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/annotation/533fb599-9e02-4fe2-ae98-6857b6055c22", 152 | "type" : "Annotation", 153 | "generator" : { 154 | "id" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/", 155 | "type" : "Software", 156 | "name" : "Recogito", 157 | "homepage" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/" 158 | }, 159 | "generated" : "2019-10-21T10:47:56+00:00", 160 | "body" : [ { 161 | "type" : "SpecificResource", 162 | "value" : "http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/530906", 163 | "creator" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/rainer", 164 | "modified" : "2019-10-21T10:47:52+00:00", 165 | "purpose" : "identifying" 166 | } ], 167 | "target" : { 168 | "source" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/part/5ec8253d-f398-4355-82d8-ba7f324ea935", 169 | "type" : "Text", 170 | "selector" : [ { 171 | "type" : "TextQuoteSelector", 172 | "exact" : "Ithaca" 173 | }, { 174 | "type" : "RangeSelector", 175 | "startSelector" : { 176 | "type" : "XPathSelector", 177 | "value" : "/TEI[1]/text[1]/body[1]/div[1]/p[2]" 178 | }, 179 | "endSelector" : { 180 | "type" : "XPathSelector", 181 | "value" : "/TEI[1]/text[1]/body[1]/div[1]/p[2]" 182 | } 183 | } ] 184 | } 185 | } 186 | ``` 187 | 188 | __Example 2: Annotations on a digitized old map__ 189 | 190 | ```json 191 | { 192 | "@context" : "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 193 | "id" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/annotation/041053ec-46f1-4cd9-89cd-1971926b3f97", 194 | "type" : "Annotation", 195 | "generator" : { 196 | "id" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/", 197 | "type" : "Software", 198 | "name" : "Recogito", 199 | "homepage" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/" 200 | }, 201 | "generated" : "2019-10-21T10:46:18+00:00", 202 | "body" : [ { 203 | "type" : "TextualBody", 204 | "value" : "Helgapelt", 205 | "creator" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/rainer", 206 | "modified" : "2019-10-21T10:46:10+00:00", 207 | "purpose" : "transcribing" 208 | }, { 209 | "type" : "SpecificResource", 210 | "value" : "http://sws.geonames.org/3412888", 211 | "creator" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/rainer", 212 | "modified" : "2019-10-21T10:46:10+00:00", 213 | "purpose" : "identifying" 214 | } ], 215 | "target" : { 216 | "source" : "https://recogito.pelagios.org/part/46c9126b-6904-4229-bfc3-06b40d1834f1", 217 | "type" : "Image", 218 | "selector" : [ { 219 | "type" : "FragmentSelector", 220 | "conformsTo" : "http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/", 221 | "value" : "xywh=pixel:1992,3092,274,274" 222 | } ] 223 | } 224 | } 225 | ``` 226 | 227 |
228 | 229 | --- 230 | **Contributors**: Karl Grossner (t,gh: @kgeographer); Rainer Simon (t: @aboutgeo, gh:@rsimon), Richard Light (t: @RichardOfSussex, Johannes Scholtz (t:@Joe_GISc) 231 | 232 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /examples/G271_out.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [{"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80001", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang lung rigs bstan pa rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 2 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80002", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang bshad sgrub bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 3 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80003", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang tshul khrims/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 4 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80004", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang bstan 'dzin chos kyi rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 5 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80005", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang 'phrin las dpal bzang@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 6 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80006", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 7 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80007", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang thub bstan dge legs rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 8 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80008", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang thub bstan rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 9 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80009", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang 'phrin las/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 10 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80010", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang mchog grub bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 11 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80011", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "ngag dbang bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 12 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80012", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "dge 'dun bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 13 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80013", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang snyan grags rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 14 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80014", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "'jigs med bkra shis rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 15 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80015", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 16 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80016", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "dge 'dun bstan 'dzin nor bu/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 17 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80017", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 18 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80018", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "phan bde'i dbang phyug mkhas btsun rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 19 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80019", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan/@bo-x-ewts"}]}, 20 | {"@context": ["http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", {"lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], "id": "http://example.org/annotations/80020", "type": "Annotation", "creator": {"id": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", "name": "Karl Grossner", "homepage": "http://kgeographer.org"}, "created": "2019-11-10", "motivation": "linking", "body": [{"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/places/6257329", "title": "Lamo Dechen Gon", "relation": "onLifepath", "place_id": 6257337}], "target": [{"id": "http://library.bdrc.io/show/", "type": ["Person"], "title": "'jam dbyangs lung rtogs rgya mtsho/@bo-x-ewts"}]}] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /examples/examples_mixed_20191018.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | In response to my inquiry about our challenge, Rob responded this way: 2 | /* 3 | There are three possible patterns for this, but first are Web Annotations really the right tool to be using for this? It sounds like you want something with a stronger data model, rather than a framework for associating resources together. 4 | 5 | Option 1: Machine Readable Body 6 | 7 | My preferred solution for these sorts of things is simply to have all of the assertions in the body of the annotation. In the same way that you might write the place and time in English as a body, it's quite possible to write in XML, JSON, RDF or whatever other syntax is convenient. This keeps the annotation assertions and the content assertions separate, allowing different agents to be responsible (and hence potentially credited) for them. The downside is that you need to separately parse the body to understand the content [which is by design, but might be unpalatable]. 8 | 9 | Option 2: Create a new Motivation 10 | 11 | Another option is to create a new motivation that mirrors the predicate/relationship you want to assert, such as yyy:asserting-place-of-birth or zzz:asserting-place-of-creation. 12 | Then the place is the body and the thing receiving the place is the target. The advantage is that everything is parsed by your annotation system, the disadvantage is that now you've mirrored your entire ontology into a set of motivation extensions -- probably as narrower terms than oa:tagging. 13 | 14 | Option 3: Create a new Property 15 | 16 | Finally, you could simply add new properties to the model to describe the relationships you want to assert. The advantage is that you're not duplicating your ontology, the downside is that no other system will process your extensions. The reason we didn't put this into the model is that RDF already has a reification pattern, which is generally unloved and we didn't want to bring it in to scope of the work, as we would start to compete with other standards like LDP. 17 | 18 | */ 19 | /* 20 | EX. 1 BASE 21 | Target: Some chapters in a book that describe a journey 22 | Bodies: Waypoints (places) on the journey 23 | */ 24 | { "@context":[ 25 | "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 26 | { "lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], 27 | "id": "http://example.org/annotations/12345", 28 | "type": "Annotation", 29 | "creator": { 30 | "id":"https://orcid.org/0000-1234-2345-6789", 31 | "name":"Anne Annotator", 32 | "homepage":"http://annotationist.org" 33 | }, 34 | "created": "2019-10-18", 35 | "motivation": ["linking","describing"], 36 | "target": [{ 37 | "id": "http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/833253277", 38 | "type": ["Text"], 39 | "title": "Xuanzang : a Buddhist pilgrim on the Silk Road" 40 | }], 41 | "body": [{}] 42 | } 43 | /* 44 | Ex. 1, Option 1: Machine Readable Body 45 | Annotation contents is in "value" 46 | "type" and "format" guide software implementations as to what to do with it. 47 | */ 48 | '"body": [ 49 | { "type": "Dataset", 50 | "format": "application/json", 51 | "value": { 52 | "id": "http://whg.org/api/places/4603973", 53 | "when": ["0630"], 54 | "title": "Balkh", 55 | "relation": "waypoint" 56 | }}]' 57 | 58 | /* 59 | Ex. 1, Option 2: Create a new Motivation 60 | */ 61 | "motivation": ["lpo:asserting-waypoint"], 62 | ... 63 | "body": [ 64 | { "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4603973", 65 | "when": ["0630"], 66 | "title": "Balkh", 67 | "relation": "waypoint" 68 | } 69 | ] 70 | 71 | /* 72 | Ex. 1, Option 3: Option 3: Create a new Property 73 | Body relations to be defined in a Linked Pasts ontology, lpo: 74 | It is not clear that all Body relations refer to the target 75 | */ 76 | "body": [ 77 | { "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4603973", 78 | "when": ["0630"], 79 | "title": "Balkh", 80 | "relation": "waypoint" 81 | }, { 82 | "etc" 83 | } 84 | ] 85 | 86 | /* 87 | Ex. 1, Option 4: remote value (Oct 2019) 88 | According to spec, could be only a URI to some resource 89 | "type" and "format" guide software implementations as to what to do with it. 90 | In this case, WHG would have an endpoint at http://whg.org/api/annotation_bodies/ 91 | */ 92 | "body": [ 93 | { "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/annotation_bodies/1234", 94 | "type": "Dataset", 95 | "format": "application/geo+json" 96 | } 97 | ] 98 | } 99 | 100 | /* 101 | EX. 2 BASE 102 | Target: image of a page from an archival register of births 103 | Bodies: a structured transcription of the records on the page 104 | */ 105 | 106 | { "@context":[ 107 | "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 108 | { "lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"}], 109 | "id": "http://example.org/annotations/12345", 110 | "type": "Annotation", 111 | "creator": { 112 | "id":"fugvol:richardofsussex", 113 | "name":"Richard Light", 114 | "homepage":"http://geneaology.org" 115 | }, 116 | "created": "2019-10-18", 117 | "motivation": ["transcribing"], 118 | "target": [{ 119 | "id": "freeukgen:be23456", 120 | "type": ["Image"], 121 | "title": "Page n of Birth Registry " 122 | }], 123 | "body": [{}] 124 | } 125 | /* 126 | Ex. 2, Option 1: Machine Readable Body 127 | Annotation contents is in "value" 128 | "type" and "format" guide software implementations as to what to do with it. 129 | */ 130 | "body": ' 131 | @prefix fugont: . 132 | @prefix freeukgen: . 133 | @prefix fugregdist: . 134 | @prefix fugvol: . 135 | @prefix fugreg: . 136 | @prefix dc: . 137 | @prefix dcterms: . 138 | @prefix crm: . 139 | freeukgen:be23456 a fugont:registrationevent; 140 | crm:P70_documents freeukgen:b65432; 141 | crm:P7_took_place_at fugregdist:Droxford; 142 | crm:P70i_is_documented_in fugreg:Droxford_7_72; 143 | crm:P4_has_time_span [ 144 | crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin "1850-07-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime; 145 | crm:P82b_end_of_the_end "1850-09-30T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . 146 | ] . 147 | freeukgen:b65432 a crm:E67_Birth; 148 | crm:P98_brought_into_life freeukgen:b65432_child; 149 | crm:P96_by_mother freeukgen:b65432_mother; 150 | crm:P97_from_father freeukgen:b65432_father; 151 | crm:P4_has_time_span [ 152 | crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin "1849-07-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime; 153 | crm:P82b_end_of_the_end "1850-09-30T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . 154 | ] . 155 | freeukgen:b65432_child a crm:E21_Person; 156 | crm:P1_is_identified_by "Light, Thomas Edward" . 157 | ' 158 | /* 159 | Ex. 2, Option 4: remote value (Oct 2019) 160 | According to spec, could be only a URI to some resource 161 | "type" and "format" guide software implementations as to what to do with it. 162 | */ 163 | "body": [ 164 | { "id": "http://example.org/birthregistration/1234", 165 | "type": "Dataset", 166 | "format": "application/rdf" 167 | } 168 | ] 169 | } 170 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /examples/examples_whg.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [ 2 | { "@context":[ 3 | "http://www.w3.org/ns/anno.jsonld", 4 | { "lpo": "http://linkedpasts.org/ontology/lpo.jsonld"} 5 | ], 6 | "id": "http://example.org/annotations/54322", 7 | "type": "Annotation", 8 | "creator": { 9 | "id":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8297", 10 | "name":"Karl Grossner", 11 | "homepage":"http://kgeographer.org" 12 | }, 13 | "created": "2019-04-07", 14 | "motivation": "linking", 15 | "body": [ 16 | { "id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4603973", 17 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], 18 | "title": "Balkh", 19 | "place_id": 4603973, 20 | "relation": "waypoint"}, 21 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/82862", 22 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Cherchen", 23 | "place_id": 82862, "relation": "waypoint"}, 24 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5058148", 25 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Darel", 26 | "place_id": 5058148, "relation": "waypoint"}, 27 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/6087168", 28 | "when": [{"end": "0629", "start": "0629"}], "title": "Hami", 29 | "place_id": 6087168, "relation": "waypoint"}, 30 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/6021669", 31 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Kapilavastu", 32 | "place_id": 6021669, "relation": "waypoint"}, 33 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/89173", 34 | "when": [{"end": "0637", "start": "0637"}], "title": "Sarnath and Varanasi", 35 | "place_id": 89173, "relation": "waypoint"}, 36 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1271883", 37 | "when": [{"end": "0633", "start": "0633"}, {"end": "0634", "start": "0634"}], "title": "Chinabhukti", 38 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 39 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1278718", 40 | "when": [{"end": "0639", "start": "0639"}], "title": "Dhanakataka", 41 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 42 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5173815", 43 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Faizabad", 44 | "place_id": 5173815, "relation": "waypoint"}, 45 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/228002", 46 | "when": [{"end": "0634", "start": "0634"}], "title": "Jalandhara", 47 | "place_id": 228002, "relation": "waypoint"}, 48 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4541576", 49 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Karashahr", 50 | "place_id": 4541576, "relation": "waypoint"}, 51 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/81601", 52 | "when": [{"end": "0638", "start": "0638"}, {"end": "0642", "start": "0642"}], "title": "Assam", 53 | "place_id": 81601, "relation": "waypoint"}, 54 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/81164", 55 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Aksu", 56 | "place_id": 81164, "relation": "waypoint"}, 57 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1148671", 58 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Andarab", 59 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 60 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5760896", 61 | "when": [{"end": "0629", "start": "0629"}, {"end": "0645", "start": "0645"}], "title": "An-hsi", 62 | "place_id": 5760896, "relation": "waypoint"}, 63 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4467393", 64 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Attock", 65 | "place_id": 4467393, "relation": "waypoint"}, 66 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5262790", 67 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Ayodhya", 68 | "place_id": 5262790, "relation": "waypoint"}, 69 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/81829", 70 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Bamiyan", 71 | "place_id": 81829, "relation": "waypoint"}, 72 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/82342", 73 | "when": [{"end": "0641", "start": "0641"}], "title": "Bharukaccha", 74 | "place_id": 82342, "relation": "waypoint"}, 75 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/82182", 76 | "when": [{"end": "0637", "start": "0637"}], "title": "Bodh Gaya", 77 | "place_id": 82182, "relation": "waypoint"}, 78 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5170159", 79 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Charsadda", 80 | "place_id": 5170159, "relation": "waypoint"}, 81 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/4494264", 82 | "when": [{"end": "0629", "start": "0629"}, {"end": "0645", "start": "0645"}], "title": "Chang'an", 83 | "place_id": 4494264, "relation": "waypoint"}, 84 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5689902", 85 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Charkhlik", 86 | "place_id": 5689902, "relation": "waypoint"}, 87 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/87370", 88 | "when": [{"end": "0637", "start": "0637"}, {"end": "0642", "start": "0642"}], "title": "Nalanda", 89 | "place_id": 87370, "relation": "waypoint"}, 90 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1139715", 91 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Nagarahara", 92 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 93 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4738386", 94 | "when": [{"end": "0637", "start": "0637"}], "title": "Vaisali", 95 | "place_id": 4738386, "relation": "waypoint"}, 96 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/89712", 97 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Sravasti", 98 | "place_id": 89712, "relation": "waypoint"}, 99 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/90013", 100 | "when": [{"end": "0639", "start": "0639"}], "title": "Tamralipti", 101 | "place_id": 90013, "relation": "waypoint"}, 102 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85528", 103 | "when": [{"end": "0639", "start": "0639"}, {"end": "0640", "start": "0640"}], "title": "Kancipuram", 104 | "place_id": 85528, "relation": "waypoint"}, 105 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85525", 106 | "when": [{"end": "0635", "start": "0635"}, {"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Kanyakubja", 107 | "place_id": 85525, "relation": "waypoint"}, 108 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1263879", 109 | "when": [{"end": "0635", "start": "0635"}], "title": "Matipura", 110 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 111 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/81768", 112 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Kapisi", 113 | "place_id": 81768, "relation": "waypoint"}, 114 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85615", 115 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Kashgar", 116 | "place_id": 85615, "relation": "waypoint"}, 117 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85652", 118 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Kausambi", 119 | "place_id": 85652, "relation": "waypoint"}, 120 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85754", 121 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Khotan", 122 | "place_id": 85754, "relation": "waypoint"}, 123 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/85945", 124 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Kucha", 125 | "place_id": 85945, "relation": "waypoint"}, 126 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/88504", 127 | "when": [{"end": "0642", "start": "0642"}, {"end": "0643", "start": "0643"}], "title": "Prayaga", 128 | "place_id": 88504, "relation": "waypoint"}, 129 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1164909", 130 | "when": [{"end": "0633", "start": "0633"}], "title": "Sakala", 131 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 132 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/86715", 133 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Samarkand", 134 | "place_id": 86715, "relation": "waypoint"}, 135 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/1257373", 136 | "when": [{"end": "0635", "start": "0635"}], "title": "Sankasya", 137 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 138 | {"id": "http://geonames.org/7074006", 139 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Shabaz Gharhi", 140 | "place_id": null, "relation": "waypoint"}, 141 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/86001", 142 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}, {"end": "0637", "start": "0637"}], "title": "Kusinagara", 143 | "place_id": 86001, "relation": "waypoint"}, 144 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5407446", 145 | "when": [{"end": "0629", "start": "0629"}], "title": "Liangzhou", 146 | "place_id": 5407446, "relation": "waypoint"}, 147 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/6135440", 148 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Tashkurghan", 149 | "place_id": 6135440, "relation": "waypoint"}, 150 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/5642814", 151 | "when": [{"end": "0630", "start": "0630"}], "title": "Tokmak", 152 | "place_id": 5642814, "relation": "waypoint"}, 153 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/4703320", 154 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Tun-huang", 155 | "place_id": 4703320, "relation": "waypoint"}, 156 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/86387", 157 | "when": [{"end": "0644", "start": "0644"}], "title": "Loulan", 158 | "place_id": 86387, "relation": "waypoint"}, 159 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/86438", 160 | "when": [{"end": "0636", "start": "0636"}], "title": "Lumbini", 161 | "place_id": 86438, "relation": "waypoint"}, 162 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/86816", 163 | "when": [{"end": "0634", "start": "0634"}], "title": "Mathura", 164 | "place_id": 86816, "relation": "waypoint"}, 165 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/87275", 166 | "when": [{"end": "0641", "start": "0641"}], "title": "Multan", 167 | "place_id": 87275, "relation": "waypoint"}, 168 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/87430", 169 | "when": [{"end": "0640", "start": "0640"}, {"end": "0641", "start": "0641"}], "title": "Nasik", 170 | "place_id": 87430, "relation": "waypoint"}, 171 | {"id": "http://whgazetteer.org/api/places/87635", 172 | "when": [{"end": "0644", 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