├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── book.json ├── node_modules ├── gitbook-plugin-katex │ ├── .npmignore │ ├── LICENSE │ ├── README.md │ ├── index.js │ ├── package.json │ └── static │ │ ├── fonts │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.eot │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.ttf │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff │ │ └── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff2 │ │ └── katex.min.css ├── katex │ ├── LICENSE.txt │ ├── README.md │ ├── cli.js │ ├── dist │ │ ├── README.md │ │ ├── contrib │ │ │ └── auto-render.min.js │ │ ├── fonts │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Math-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff2 │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.eot │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.ttf │ │ │ ├── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff │ │ │ └── KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff2 │ │ ├── katex.css │ │ ├── katex.js │ │ ├── katex.min.css │ │ └── katex.min.js │ ├── katex.js │ ├── package.json │ └── src │ │ ├── Lexer.js │ │ ├── MacroExpander.js │ │ ├── Options.js │ │ ├── ParseError.js │ │ ├── Parser.js │ │ ├── Settings.js │ │ ├── Style.js │ │ ├── buildCommon.js │ │ ├── buildHTML.js │ │ ├── buildMathML.js │ │ ├── buildTree.js │ │ ├── delimiter.js │ │ ├── domTree.js │ │ ├── environments.js │ │ ├── fontMetrics.js │ │ ├── fontMetricsData.js │ │ ├── functions.js │ │ ├── mathMLTree.js │ │ ├── parseData.js │ │ ├── parseTree.js │ │ ├── symbols.js │ │ ├── unicodeRegexes.js │ │ └── utils.js └── match-at │ ├── LICENSE │ ├── README.md │ ├── lib │ ├── __tests__ │ │ └── matchAt-test.js │ ├── matchAt.js │ └── matchAt.js.flow │ └── package.json ├── pdf └── 量子计算与编程入门.pdf ├── picture ├── 1.1.1.png ├── 1.1.10.png ├── 1.1.11.png ├── 1.1.2.png ├── 1.1.3.png ├── 1.1.4.png ├── 1.1.5.png ├── 1.1.6.png ├── 1.1.7.png ├── 1.1.8.png ├── 1.1.9.png ├── 1.2.1.jpg ├── 1.2.10.jpg ├── 1.2.11.png ├── 1.2.12.jpg ├── 1.2.13.jpg ├── 1.2.14.jpg ├── 1.2.15.jpg ├── 1.2.16.jpg ├── 1.2.16.png ├── 1.2.17.jpg ├── 1.2.18.jpg ├── 1.2.19.png ├── 1.2.2.jpg ├── 1.2.20.jpg ├── 1.2.21.png ├── 1.2.22.png ├── 1.2.23.png ├── 1.2.24.jpg ├── 1.2.25.png ├── 1.2.3.jpg ├── 1.2.4.jpg ├── 1.2.5.jpg ├── 1.2.6.jpg ├── 1.2.7.png ├── 1.2.8.jpg ├── 1.2.9.jpg ├── 1.3.1.png ├── 1.3.2.png ├── 1.3.3.png ├── 2.1.1.png ├── 2.1.2.png ├── 2.1.3.png ├── 2.1.4.png ├── 2.2.1.png ├── 2.2.10.png ├── 2.2.11.png ├── 2.2.12.png ├── 2.2.13.png ├── 2.2.14.png ├── 2.2.15.png ├── 2.2.16.png ├── 2.2.17.png ├── 2.2.18.png ├── 2.2.19.png ├── 2.2.2.png ├── 2.2.3.png ├── 2.2.4.png ├── 2.2.5.png ├── 2.2.6.png ├── 2.2.7.png ├── 2.2.8.png ├── 2.2.9.png ├── 3.1.1.png ├── 3.1.2.png ├── 3.1.3.png ├── 3.1.4.png ├── 3.1.5.png ├── 3.1.6.png ├── 3.1.7.png ├── 3.1.8.png ├── 3.1.9.png ├── 3.2.1.png ├── 3.2.2.png ├── 3.2.3.png ├── 3.2.4.png ├── 3.2.5.png ├── 3.2.6.png ├── 3.2.7.png ├── 3.2.8.png ├── 3.2.9.png ├── 3.3.1.png ├── 3.3.2.png ├── 4.1.1.png ├── 4.1.2.png ├── 4.3.1.png ├── 4.3.10.png ├── 4.3.11.png ├── 4.3.12.png ├── 4.3.13.png ├── 4.3.14.png ├── 4.3.15.png ├── 4.3.16.png ├── 4.3.2.png ├── 4.3.3.png ├── 4.3.4.png ├── 4.3.5.png ├── 4.3.6.png ├── 4.3.7.png ├── 4.3.8.png ├── 4.3.9.png ├── 4.4.1.jpg ├── 4.4.2.png ├── 4.5.1.png ├── 4.5.10.png ├── 4.5.11.png ├── 4.5.12.png ├── 4.5.13.png ├── 4.5.14a.png ├── 4.5.14b.png ├── 4.5.16.png ├── 4.5.17.png ├── 4.5.2.png ├── 4.5.3.png ├── 4.5.4.png ├── 4.5.5.png ├── 4.5.6.png ├── 4.5.7.png ├── 4.5.8.png ├── 4.5.9.png ├── 4.6.1.png ├── 4.6.10.png ├── 4.6.11.png ├── 4.6.12.png ├── 4.6.13.png ├── 4.6.14.png ├── 4.6.15.png ├── 4.6.16.png ├── 4.6.17.png ├── 4.6.18.png ├── 4.6.19.png ├── 4.6.2.png ├── 4.6.20.png ├── 4.6.21.png ├── 4.6.22.png ├── 4.6.23.png ├── 4.6.24.png ├── 4.6.25.png ├── 4.6.26.png ├── 4.6.27.png ├── 4.6.28.png ├── 4.6.29.png ├── 4.6.3.png ├── 4.6.30.png ├── 4.6.31.png ├── 4.6.32.png ├── 4.6.33.png ├── 4.6.34.png ├── 4.6.35.png ├── 4.6.36.png ├── 4.6.37.png ├── 4.6.38.png ├── 4.6.39.png ├── 4.6.4.png ├── 4.6.40.png ├── 4.6.5.png ├── 4.6.6.png ├── 4.6.7.png ├── 4.6.8.png ├── 4.6.9.png ├── 4.7.1.png ├── 4.7.10.png ├── 4.7.11.png ├── 4.7.12.png ├── 4.7.13.png ├── 4.7.14.png ├── 4.7.15.png ├── 4.7.16.png ├── 4.7.17.png ├── 4.7.18.png ├── 4.7.19.png ├── 4.7.2.png ├── 4.7.20.png ├── 4.7.21.png ├── 4.7.22.png ├── 4.7.23.png ├── 4.7.24.png ├── 4.7.25.png ├── 4.7.26.png ├── 4.7.27.png ├── 4.7.28.png ├── 4.7.29.png ├── 4.7.3.png ├── 4.7.30.png ├── 4.7.31.png ├── 4.7.32.png ├── 4.7.33.png ├── 4.7.34.png ├── 4.7.35.png ├── 4.7.36.png ├── 4.7.37.1.png ├── 4.7.37.png ├── 4.7.38.png ├── 4.7.39.png ├── 4.7.4.png ├── 4.7.40.png ├── 4.7.41.png ├── 4.7.42.png ├── 4.7.43.png ├── 4.7.44.png ├── 4.7.45.png ├── 4.7.46.png ├── 4.7.47.png ├── 4.7.48.png ├── 4.7.49.png ├── 4.7.5.png ├── 4.7.50.png ├── 4.7.51.png ├── 4.7.52.png ├── 4.7.53.png ├── 4.7.54.png ├── 4.7.55.png ├── 4.7.56.png ├── 4.7.57.png ├── 4.7.58.png ├── 4.7.59.png ├── 4.7.6.png ├── 4.7.7.png ├── 4.7.8.png ├── 4.7.9.png ├── 5.1.1.png ├── 5.1.10a.png ├── 5.1.10b.png ├── 5.1.10c.png ├── 5.1.2.png ├── 5.1.3.png ├── 5.1.4a.png ├── 5.1.4b.png ├── 5.1.4c.png ├── 5.1.5a.png ├── 5.1.5b.png ├── 5.1.5c.png ├── 5.1.6a.png ├── 5.1.6b.png ├── 5.1.6c.png ├── 5.1.7a.png ├── 5.1.7b.png ├── 5.1.7c.png ├── 5.1.8a.png ├── 5.1.8b.png ├── 5.1.8c.png ├── 5.1.9.png ├── 5.2.1.png ├── 5.2.5.png ├── 5.2.6.png ├── 5.4.1.png ├── DJ.png ├── H.png ├── R1.png ├── R2.png ├── R3.png ├── R4.png ├── U1.png ├── U2.png ├── U3.png ├── U4.png ├── X门.png ├── cover.png ├── vqnet.png ├── wps819.png ├── 图1.1.2.png ├── 图1.2.2.png ├── 图1.3.3.png ├── 图附2.1.1.jpg ├── 图附2.1.2.jpg ├── 图附2.1.3.jpg ├── 图附2.1.4.jpg ├── 图附2.1.5.jpg ├── 图附2.1.6.jpg ├── 图附2.1.7.jpg ├── 图附2.3.1.png ├── 图附2.3.2.png ├── 图附2.4.1.jpg ├── 图附2.4.10.jpg ├── 图附2.4.11.jpg ├── 图附2.4.12.jpg ├── 图附2.4.13.jpg ├── 图附2.4.14.jpg ├── 图附2.4.2.jpg ├── 图附2.4.3.jpg ├── 图附2.4.4.jpg ├── 图附2.4.5.jpg ├── 图附2.4.6.1.jpg ├── 图附2.4.6.2.jpg ├── 图附2.4.7.jpg ├── 图附2.4.8.jpg ├── 图附2.4.9.jpg ├── 图附3.1.0.png ├── 图附3.1.1.png ├── 图附3.1.10.bmp ├── 图附3.1.11.bmp ├── 图附3.1.12.bmp ├── 图附3.1.13.bmp ├── 图附3.1.14.bmp ├── 图附3.1.15.png ├── 图附3.1.16.png ├── 图附3.1.2.png ├── 图附3.1.3.png ├── 图附3.1.4.png ├── 图附3.1.5.png ├── 图附3.1.6.png ├── 图附3.1.7.png ├── 图附3.1.8.bmp ├── 图附3.1.9.bmp ├── 表4.5.10.png ├── 表4.5.11.png ├── 表4.5.12.png ├── 表4.5.13.png ├── 表4.5.2.png ├── 表4.5.3.2.png ├── 表4.5.3.png ├── 表4.5.4.png ├── 表4.5.5.png ├── 表4.5.7.png ├── 表4.5.8.png ├── 表4.5.9.png ├── 表4.6.6.png └── 表4.7.1.png ├── 前言.md ├── 参考文献.md ├── 后记.md ├── 序.md ├── 第一章背景知识.md ├── 第三章量子计算机硬件基础.md ├── 第二章量子计算基础.md ├── 第五章量子计算前沿话题.md ├── 第四章量子算法与编程.md └── 附录.md /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .vs/* 2 | *.a 3 | *.o 4 | *.log 5 | *.pyd 6 | *.dylib 7 | .vscode/ 8 | _book 9 | _book/* 10 | build/* 11 | doc/* 12 | out/* 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 本地阅读：克隆仓库到本地，使用Typora软件打开md后缀文件阅读、编辑。 2 | 3 | 在线阅读：[在线阅读](https://show.originqc.com.cn/Introduction_to_quantum_computing_and_programming.pdf) 4 | 5 | 如果您对我们书中的内容有好的想法，或者您发现我们书中有内容上的错误，您可以直接提交您的修改，我们在审核后，会对好的想法进行采纳！ 6 | 7 | # 《量子计算与编程入门》 8 | 9 | 它是国内第一部专业的量子计算与编程教材，可作为“量子程序员”的“第一本学习手册”使用。教材内容深入浅出，抛开复杂的量子力学公式，从量子计算的必要概念入手，结合实操代码，围绕量子计算典型的算 10 | 法进行详细介绍。它简化了量子力学中的神秘复杂概念，覆盖了需要的全部数学知识。对软件、计算机相关背景的量子计算爱好者而言《量子计算与编程入门》是一本相当实用的入门教材。我们希望不懂量子力 11 | 学的你，同样可以实现量子计算入门！ 12 | 13 | ![](picture/cover.png) 14 | 15 | 16 | # 目录 17 | 18 | 序 19 | 20 | 前⾔ 21 | 22 | ⽬录 23 | 24 | 第1章 背景知识 25 | 26 | 1.1 三问量⼦计算 27 | 28 | 1.1.1 什么是量⼦计算 29 | 30 | 1.1.2 为什么我们需要量⼦计算 31 | 32 | 1.1.3什么样的机构参与量⼦计算的研发 33 | 34 | 1.2 量⼦计算的发展历史 35 | 36 | 1.2.1 量⼦⼒学的发展 37 | 38 | 1.2.2 量⼦计算的发展 39 | 40 | 1.3 量⼦计算软件介绍 41 | 42 | 1.3.1 量⼦语⾔ 43 | 44 | 1.3.2 量⼦软件开发包 45 | 46 | 1.3.3 量⼦云平台 47 | 48 | 第2章 量⼦计算基础 49 | 50 | 2.1 量⼦⼒学基础理论 51 | 52 | 2.1.1 量⼦系统 53 | 54 | 2.1.2 观测量和计算基下的测量 55 | 56 | 2.1.3 复合系统与联合测量 57 | 58 | 2.2 量⼦程序 59 | 60 | 2.2.1 量⼦计算原理 61 | 62 | 2.2.2 量⼦计算的 if 和 while 63 | 64 | 第3章 量⼦计算机硬件基础 65 | 66 | 3.1 量⼦芯⽚ 67 | 68 | 3.1.1 超导量⼦芯⽚ 69 | 70 | 3.1.2 半导体量⼦芯⽚ 71 | 72 | 3.1.3 其他类型体系的量⼦计算体系 73 | 74 | 3.2 量⼦计算机硬件 75 | 76 | 3.2.1 量⼦芯⽚⽀持系统 77 | 78 | 3.2.2 量⼦计算机控制系统 79 | 80 | 3.3 量⼦计算机 81 | 82 | 3.3.1 量⼦计算机整体架构 83 | 84 | 3.3.2 量⼦程序架构（设备代码的架构） 85 | 86 | 第4章 量⼦算法与编程 87 | 88 | 4.1 量⼦软件开发环境 89 | 90 | 4.1.1 QPanda 91 | 92 | 4.1.2 QRunes 93 | 94 | 4.1.3 本源量⼦云平台 95 | 96 | 4.2 量⼦算法简介 97 | 98 | 4.2.1 概述 99 | 100 | 4.2.2 量⼦—经典混合算法 101 | 102 | 4.3 Deutsch—Jozsa 算法 103 | 104 | 4.3.1 在本源量⼦云计算服务平台上实现D-J算法 105 | 106 | 4.3.2 在QPanda上实现D-J算法 107 | 108 | 4.4 Grover算法 109 | 110 | 4.4.1 在QPanda上实现 Grover 算法 111 | 112 | 4.5 QAOA 113 | 114 | 4.5.1 最⼤切割问题 115 | 116 | 4.5.2 布尔可满⾜性问题 117 | 118 | 4.5.3 组合最优化问题 119 | 120 | 4.5.4 QAOA算法 121 | 122 | 4.5.5 泡利算符 123 | 124 | 4.5.6 哈密顿量 125 | 126 | 4.5.7 算法原理 127 | 128 | 4.5.8 QAOA综合⽰例 129 | 130 | 4.6 VQE算法 131 | 132 | 4.6.1 计算化学 133 | 134 | 4.6.2 量⼦化学 135 | 136 | 4.6.3 量⼦化学模拟 137 | 138 | 4.6.4 费⽶⼦算符 139 | 140 | 4.6.5 算法原理 141 | 142 | 4.6.6 综合⽰例 143 | 144 | 4.7 Shor 分解算法 145 | 146 | 4.7.1 加密与解密 147 | 148 | 4.7.2 RSA加密算法 149 | 150 | 4.7.3 量⼦逻辑电路及量⼦傅⾥叶变换 151 | 152 | 4.7.4 算法原理 153 | 154 | 4.7.5 pyQPanda中的⽰例 155 | 156 | 第5章 量⼦计算前沿话题 157 | 158 | 5.1 利⽤QPanda测试量⼦系统噪声 159 | 160 | 5.1.1 量⼦噪声 161 | 162 | 5.1.2 噪声虚拟机 163 | 164 | 5.2 量⼦机器学习 165 | 166 | 5.3 使⽤单振幅和部分振幅量⼦虚拟机 167 | 168 | 5.3.1 单振幅量⼦虚拟机 169 | 170 | 5.3.2 部分振幅量⼦虚拟机 171 | 172 | 5.4 将量⼦程序编译到不同的量⼦芯⽚上 173 | 174 | 附录 175 | 176 | 附录1 量⼦计算数学基础 177 | 178 | 1.1 概述 179 | 180 | 1.2 集合与映射 181 | 182 | 1.2.1 集合的概念 183 | 184 | 1.2.2 集合的关系 185 | 186 | 1.2.3 集合的运算 187 | 188 | 1.2.4 集合的运算法则 189 | 190 | 1.2.5 映射 191 | 192 | 1.3 向量空间 193 | 194 | 1.3.1 线性⽆关与基 195 | 196 | 1.3.2 向量的内积 197 | 198 | 1.4 矩阵与矩阵的运算 199 | 200 | 1.4.1 矩阵的概念 201 | 202 | 1.4.2 矩阵的加法与乘法 203 | 204 | 1.4.3 可逆矩阵和矩阵相似 205 | 206 | 1.5 矩阵的特征 207 | 208 | 1.5.1 矩阵的特征值与特征向量 209 | 210 | 1.5.2 Hermite矩阵 211 | 212 | 1.5.3 对易式与反对易式 213 | 214 | 1.6 矩阵的函数 215 | 216 | 1.7 线性算⼦与矩阵表⽰ 217 | 218 | 1.7.1 线性算⼦ 219 | 220 | 1.7.2 矩阵表⽰ 221 | 222 | 1.7.3 向量外积 223 | 224 | 1.7.4 对⻆表⽰ 225 | 226 | 1.7.5 投影算⼦ 227 | 228 | 附录2 量⼦编程⼯具的安装与使⽤ 229 | 230 | 2.1 QPanda 231 | 232 | 2.1.1 编译环境 233 | 234 | 2.1.2 下载QPanda 2 235 | 236 | 2.1.3 编译 237 | 238 | 2.1.4 安装 239 | 240 | 2.2 pyQPanda 241 | 242 | 2.2.1.系统配置和安装 243 | 244 | 2.2.2 系统配置 245 | 246 | 2.2.3 下载pyqpanda 247 | 248 | 2.3 VQNet 249 | 250 | 2.3.1 VQNet python包安装 251 | 252 | 2.3.2 VQNet 的⼀个简单例⼦ 253 | 254 | 2.4 Qurator 255 | 256 | 2.4.1 设计思想 257 | 258 | 2.4.2 准备⼯作 259 | 260 | 2.4.3 快速⼊⻔ 261 | 262 | 2.4.4 功能介绍 263 | 264 | 附录3 量⼦化学⼯具的安装与使⽤ 265 | 266 | 3.1 ChemiQ化学软件的安装 267 | 268 | 3.2 ChemiQ软件应⽤⽰例 269 | 270 | 3.3 ChemiQ接⼝介绍与使⽤ 271 | 272 | 3.4 ⾮梯度下降法实现VQE算法代码⽰例 273 | 274 | 参考⽂献 275 | 276 | 后记 277 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /book.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "plugins": ["katex"], 3 | "search": { 4 | "maxIndexSize": 100000 5 | } 6 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/gitbook-plugin-katex/.npmignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Logs 2 | logs 3 | *.log 4 | 5 | # Runtime data 6 | pids 7 | *.pid 8 | *.seed 9 | 10 | # Directory for instrumented libs generated by jscoverage/JSCover 11 | lib-cov 12 | 13 | # Coverage directory used by tools like istanbul 14 | coverage 15 | 16 | # Grunt intermediate storage (http://gruntjs.com/creating-plugins#storing-task-files) 17 | .grunt 18 | 19 | # Compiled binary addons (http://nodejs.org/api/addons.html) 20 | build/Release 21 | 22 | # Dependency directory 23 | # Commenting this out is preferred by some people, see 24 | # https://www.npmjs.org/doc/misc/npm-faq.html#should-i-check-my-node_modules-folder-into-git- 25 | node_modules 26 | 27 | # Users Environment Variables 28 | .lock-wscript 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/gitbook-plugin-katex/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Math typesetting using KaTex 2 | ============== 3 | 4 | Use it for your book, by adding to your book.json: 5 | 6 | ``` 7 | { 8 | "plugins": ["katex"] 9 | } 10 | ``` 11 | 12 | then run `gitbook install`. 13 | 14 | ## Usage 15 | 16 | ``` 17 | Inline math: $$\int_{-\infty}^\infty g(x) dx$$ 18 | 19 | 20 | Block math: 21 | 22 | $$ 23 | \int_{-\infty}^\infty g(x) dx 24 | $$ 25 | 26 | Or using the templating syntax: 27 | 28 | {% math %}\int_{-\infty}^\infty g(x) dx{% endblock %} 29 | ``` 30 | 31 | 32 | ### Comparison with [MathJax](https://github.com/GitbookIO/plugin-mathjax) 33 | 34 | - Faster 35 | 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/gitbook-plugin-katex/index.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | var katex = require("katex"); 2 | 3 | module.exports = { 4 | book: { 5 | assets: "./static", 6 | js: [], 7 | css: [ 8 | "katex.min.css" 9 | ] 10 | }, 11 | ebook: { 12 | assets: "./static", 13 | css: [ 14 | "katex.min.css" 15 | ] 16 | }, 17 | blocks: { 18 | math: { 19 | shortcuts: { 20 | parsers: ["markdown", "asciidoc", "restructuredtext"], 21 | start: "$$", 22 | end: "$$" 23 | }, 24 | process: function(blk) { 25 | var tex = blk.body; 26 | var isInline = !(tex[0] == "\n"); 27 | var output = katex.renderToString(tex, { 28 | displayMode: !isInline 29 | }); 30 | 31 | return output; 32 | } 33 | } 34 | } 35 | }; 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/gitbook-plugin-katex/package.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "_args": [ 3 | [ 4 | { 5 | "name": "gitbook-plugin-katex", 6 | "raw": "gitbook-plugin-katex@1.1.4", 7 | "rawSpec": "1.1.4", 8 | "scope": null, 9 | "spec": "1.1.4", 10 | "type": "version" 11 | }, 12 | "C:\\Users\\huozh\\Desktop\\quantum_book" 13 | ] 14 | ], 15 | "_from": "gitbook-plugin-katex@1.1.4", 16 | "_id": "gitbook-plugin-katex@1.1.4", 17 | "_inCache": true, 18 | "_installable": true, 19 | "_location": "/gitbook-plugin-katex", 20 | "_nodeVersion": "8.1.3", 21 | "_npmOperationalInternal": { 22 | "host": "s3://npm-registry-packages", 23 | "tmp": "tmp/gitbook-plugin-katex-1.1.4.tgz_1502894343416_0.2687492223922163" 24 | }, 25 | "_npmUser": { 26 | "email": "aaron.omullan@gmail.com", 27 | "name": "aarono" 28 | }, 29 | "_npmVersion": "5.0.3", 30 | "_phantomChildren": {}, 31 | "_requested": { 32 | "name": "gitbook-plugin-katex", 33 | "raw": "gitbook-plugin-katex@1.1.4", 34 | "rawSpec": "1.1.4", 35 | "scope": null, 36 | "spec": "1.1.4", 37 | "type": "version" 38 | }, 39 | "_requiredBy": [ 40 | "#USER" 41 | ], 42 | "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/gitbook-plugin-katex/-/gitbook-plugin-katex-1.1.4.tgz", 43 | "_shasum": "9d323efadd26c3408526c5c227ebdb4c1120d9ac", 44 | "_shrinkwrap": null, 45 | "_spec": "gitbook-plugin-katex@1.1.4", 46 | "_where": "C:\\Users\\huozh\\Desktop\\quantum_book", 47 | "bugs": { 48 | "url": "https://github.com/GitbookIO/plugin-katex/issues" 49 | }, 50 | "dependencies": { 51 | "katex": "0.7.1" 52 | }, 53 | "description": "Math typesetting using KaTex into GitBook", 54 | "devDependencies": {}, 55 | "directories": {}, 56 | "dist": { 57 | "integrity": "sha512-eBDcI3Cq2ZJFTbqYu313pg+Xkmf7q8bQLKNJMj0ADFYJKGOFSKf5MvY3TscKDYp57eq/BcUfnH43VX9mdsqo8g==", 58 | "shasum": "9d323efadd26c3408526c5c227ebdb4c1120d9ac", 59 | "tarball": "https://registry.npmjs.org/gitbook-plugin-katex/-/gitbook-plugin-katex-1.1.4.tgz" 60 | }, 61 | "engines": { 62 | "gitbook": ">=2.0.0" 63 | }, 64 | "gitHead": "85a5f11e6f400705b125bec87909b2ec6efb2822", 65 | "homepage": "https://github.com/GitbookIO/plugin-katex", 66 | "keywords": [ 67 | "math", 68 | "latex" 69 | ], 70 | "license": "Apache-2.0", 71 | "main": "index.js", 72 | "maintainers": [ 73 | { 74 | "email": "samypesse@gmail.com", 75 | "name": "samypesse" 76 | }, 77 | { 78 | "email": "hello@gabinaureche.com", 79 | "name": "zhouzi" 80 | }, 81 | { 82 | "email": "soreine.plume@gmail.com", 83 | "name": "soreine" 84 | }, 85 | { 86 | "email": "johan.preynat@gmail.com", 87 | "name": "jpreynat" 88 | }, 89 | { 90 | "email": "aaron.omullan@gmail.com", 91 | "name": "aarono" 92 | }, 93 | { 94 | "email": "contact@gitbook.com", 95 | "name": "gitbook-bot" 96 | } 97 | ], 98 | "name": "gitbook-plugin-katex", 99 | "optionalDependencies": {}, 100 | "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!", 101 | "repository": { 102 | "type": "git", 103 | "url": "git+https://github.com/GitbookIO/plugin-katex.git" 104 | }, 105 | "version": "1.1.4" 106 | } 107 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 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sublicense, and/or sell 15 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 16 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 17 | 18 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 19 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 20 | 21 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 22 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 23 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 24 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 25 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 26 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 27 | SOFTWARE. 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # [KaTeX](https://khan.github.io/KaTeX/) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Khan/KaTeX.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Khan/KaTeX) 2 | 3 | [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/Khan/KaTeX](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/Khan/KaTeX?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) 4 | 5 | KaTeX is a fast, easy-to-use JavaScript library for TeX math rendering on the web. 6 | 7 | * **Fast:** KaTeX renders its math synchronously and doesn't need to reflow the page. See how it compares to a competitor in [this speed test](http://jsperf.com/katex-vs-mathjax/). 8 | * **Print quality:** KaTeX’s layout is based on Donald Knuth’s TeX, the gold standard for math typesetting. 9 | * **Self contained:** KaTeX has no dependencies and can easily be bundled with your website resources. 10 | * **Server side rendering:** KaTeX produces the same output regardless of browser or environment, so you can pre-render expressions using Node.js and send them as plain HTML. 11 | 12 | KaTeX supports all major browsers, including Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, and IE 8 - IE 11. A list of supported commands can be on the [wiki](https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX/wiki/Function-Support-in-KaTeX). 13 | 14 | ## Usage 15 | 16 | You can [download KaTeX](https://github.com/khan/katex/releases) and host it on your server or include the `katex.min.js` and `katex.min.css` files on your page directly from a CDN: 17 | 18 | ```html 19 | 20 | 21 | ``` 22 | 23 | #### In-browser rendering 24 | 25 | Call `katex.render` with a TeX expression and a DOM element to render into: 26 | 27 | ```js 28 | katex.render("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}", element); 29 | ``` 30 | 31 | If KaTeX can't parse the expression, it throws a `katex.ParseError` error. 32 | 33 | #### Server side rendering or rendering to a string 34 | 35 | To generate HTML on the server or to generate an HTML string of the rendered math, you can use `katex.renderToString`: 36 | 37 | ```js 38 | var html = katex.renderToString("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}"); 39 | // '...' 40 | ``` 41 | 42 | Make sure to include the CSS and font files, but there is no need to include the JavaScript. Like `render`, `renderToString` throws if it can't parse the expression. 43 | 44 | #### Rendering options 45 | 46 | You can provide an object of options as the last argument to `katex.render` and `katex.renderToString`. Available options are: 47 | 48 | - `displayMode`: `boolean`. If `true` the math will be rendered in display mode, which will put the math in display style (so `\int` and `\sum` are large, for example), and will center the math on the page on its own line. If `false` the math will be rendered in inline mode. (default: `false`) 49 | - `throwOnError`: `boolean`. If `true`, KaTeX will throw a `ParseError` when it encounters an unsupported command. If `false`, KaTeX will render the unsupported command as text in the color given by `errorColor`. (default: `true`) 50 | - `errorColor`: `string`. A color string given in the format `"#XXX"` or `"#XXXXXX"`. This option determines the color which unsupported commands are rendered in. (default: `#cc0000`) 51 | 52 | For example: 53 | 54 | ```js 55 | katex.render("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}", element, { displayMode: true }); 56 | ``` 57 | 58 | #### Automatic rendering of math on a page 59 | 60 | Math on the page can be automatically rendered using the auto-render extension. See [the Auto-render README](contrib/auto-render/README.md) for more information. 61 | 62 | ## Contributing 63 | 64 | See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) 65 | 66 | ## License 67 | 68 | KaTeX is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). 69 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/cli.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env node 2 | // Simple CLI for KaTeX. 3 | // Reads TeX from stdin, outputs HTML to stdout. 4 | /* eslint no-console:0 */ 5 | 6 | var katex = require("./"); 7 | var input = ""; 8 | 9 | // Skip the first two args, which are just "node" and "cli.js" 10 | var args = process.argv.slice(2); 11 | 12 | if (args.indexOf("--help") !== -1) { 13 | console.log(process.argv[0] + " " + process.argv[1] + 14 | " [ --help ]" + 15 | " [ --display-mode ]"); 16 | 17 | console.log("\n" + 18 | "Options:"); 19 | console.log(" --help Display this help message"); 20 | console.log(" --display-mode Render in display mode (not inline mode)"); 21 | process.exit(); 22 | } 23 | 24 | process.stdin.on("data", function(chunk) { 25 | input += chunk.toString(); 26 | }); 27 | 28 | process.stdin.on("end", function() { 29 | var options = { displayMode: args.indexOf("--display-mode") !== -1 }; 30 | var output = katex.renderToString(input, options); 31 | console.log(output); 32 | }); 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/dist/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # [KaTeX](https://khan.github.io/KaTeX/) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/Khan/KaTeX.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/Khan/KaTeX) 2 | 3 | [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/Khan/KaTeX](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/Khan/KaTeX?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) 4 | 5 | KaTeX is a fast, easy-to-use JavaScript library for TeX math rendering on the web. 6 | 7 | * **Fast:** KaTeX renders its math synchronously and doesn't need to reflow the page. See how it compares to a competitor in [this speed test](http://jsperf.com/katex-vs-mathjax/). 8 | * **Print quality:** KaTeX’s layout is based on Donald Knuth’s TeX, the gold standard for math typesetting. 9 | * **Self contained:** KaTeX has no dependencies and can easily be bundled with your website resources. 10 | * **Server side rendering:** KaTeX produces the same output regardless of browser or environment, so you can pre-render expressions using Node.js and send them as plain HTML. 11 | 12 | KaTeX supports all major browsers, including Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, and IE 8 - IE 11. A list of supported commands can be on the [wiki](https://github.com/Khan/KaTeX/wiki/Function-Support-in-KaTeX). 13 | 14 | ## Usage 15 | 16 | You can [download KaTeX](https://github.com/khan/katex/releases) and host it on your server or include the `katex.min.js` and `katex.min.css` files on your page directly from a CDN: 17 | 18 | ```html 19 | 20 | 21 | ``` 22 | 23 | #### In-browser rendering 24 | 25 | Call `katex.render` with a TeX expression and a DOM element to render into: 26 | 27 | ```js 28 | katex.render("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}", element); 29 | ``` 30 | 31 | If KaTeX can't parse the expression, it throws a `katex.ParseError` error. 32 | 33 | #### Server side rendering or rendering to a string 34 | 35 | To generate HTML on the server or to generate an HTML string of the rendered math, you can use `katex.renderToString`: 36 | 37 | ```js 38 | var html = katex.renderToString("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}"); 39 | // '...' 40 | ``` 41 | 42 | Make sure to include the CSS and font files, but there is no need to include the JavaScript. Like `render`, `renderToString` throws if it can't parse the expression. 43 | 44 | #### Rendering options 45 | 46 | You can provide an object of options as the last argument to `katex.render` and `katex.renderToString`. Available options are: 47 | 48 | - `displayMode`: `boolean`. If `true` the math will be rendered in display mode, which will put the math in display style (so `\int` and `\sum` are large, for example), and will center the math on the page on its own line. If `false` the math will be rendered in inline mode. (default: `false`) 49 | - `throwOnError`: `boolean`. If `true`, KaTeX will throw a `ParseError` when it encounters an unsupported command. If `false`, KaTeX will render the unsupported command as text in the color given by `errorColor`. (default: `true`) 50 | - `errorColor`: `string`. A color string given in the format `"#XXX"` or `"#XXXXXX"`. This option determines the color which unsupported commands are rendered in. (default: `#cc0000`) 51 | 52 | For example: 53 | 54 | ```js 55 | katex.render("c = \\pm\\sqrt{a^2 + b^2}", element, { displayMode: true }); 56 | ``` 57 | 58 | #### Automatic rendering of math on a page 59 | 60 | Math on the page can be automatically rendered using the auto-render extension. See [the Auto-render README](contrib/auto-render/README.md) for more information. 61 | 62 | ## Contributing 63 | 64 | See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) 65 | 66 | ## License 67 | 68 | KaTeX is licensed under the [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT). 69 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/dist/contrib/auto-render.min.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | (function(e){if(typeof exports==="object"&&typeof module!=="undefined"){module.exports=e()}else if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define([],e)}else{var t;if(typeof window!=="undefined"){t=window}else if(typeof global!=="undefined"){t=global}else if(typeof self!=="undefined"){t=self}else{t=this}t.renderMathInElement=e()}})(function(){var e,t,r;return function n(e,t,r){function a(o,l){if(!t[o]){if(!e[o]){var f=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!l&&f)return f(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var d=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw d.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",d}var s=t[o]={exports:{}};e[o][0].call(s.exports,function(t){var r=e[o][1][t];return a(r?r:t)},s,s.exports,n,e,t,r)}return t[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o 15) { 38 | left = "…" + input.slice(start - 15, start); 39 | } else { 40 | left = input.slice(0, start); 41 | } 42 | var right; 43 | if (end + 15 < input.length) { 44 | right = input.slice(end, end + 15) + "…"; 45 | } else { 46 | right = input.slice(end); 47 | } 48 | error += left + underlined + right; 49 | } 50 | 51 | // Some hackery to make ParseError a prototype of Error 52 | // See http://stackoverflow.com/a/8460753 53 | var self = new Error(error); 54 | self.name = "ParseError"; 55 | self.__proto__ = ParseError.prototype; 56 | 57 | self.position = start; 58 | return self; 59 | } 60 | 61 | // More hackery 62 | ParseError.prototype.__proto__ = Error.prototype; 63 | 64 | module.exports = ParseError; 65 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/Settings.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * This is a module for storing settings passed into KaTeX. It correctly handles 3 | * default settings. 4 | */ 5 | 6 | /** 7 | * Helper function for getting a default value if the value is undefined 8 | */ 9 | function get(option, defaultValue) { 10 | return option === undefined ? defaultValue : option; 11 | } 12 | 13 | /** 14 | * The main Settings object 15 | * 16 | * The current options stored are: 17 | * - displayMode: Whether the expression should be typeset by default in 18 | * textstyle or displaystyle (default false) 19 | */ 20 | function Settings(options) { 21 | // allow null options 22 | options = options || {}; 23 | this.displayMode = get(options.displayMode, false); 24 | this.throwOnError = get(options.throwOnError, true); 25 | this.errorColor = get(options.errorColor, "#cc0000"); 26 | this.macros = options.macros || {}; 27 | } 28 | 29 | module.exports = Settings; 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/Style.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * This file contains information and classes for the various kinds of styles 3 | * used in TeX. It provides a generic `Style` class, which holds information 4 | * about a specific style. It then provides instances of all the different kinds 5 | * of styles possible, and provides functions to move between them and get 6 | * information about them. 7 | */ 8 | 9 | var sigmas = require("./fontMetrics.js").sigmas; 10 | 11 | var metrics = [{}, {}, {}]; 12 | var i; 13 | for (var key in sigmas) { 14 | if (sigmas.hasOwnProperty(key)) { 15 | for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 16 | metrics[i][key] = sigmas[key][i]; 17 | } 18 | } 19 | } 20 | for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 21 | metrics[i].emPerEx = sigmas.xHeight[i] / sigmas.quad[i]; 22 | } 23 | 24 | /** 25 | * The main style class. Contains a unique id for the style, a size (which is 26 | * the same for cramped and uncramped version of a style), a cramped flag, and a 27 | * size multiplier, which gives the size difference between a style and 28 | * textstyle. 29 | */ 30 | function Style(id, size, multiplier, cramped) { 31 | this.id = id; 32 | this.size = size; 33 | this.cramped = cramped; 34 | this.sizeMultiplier = multiplier; 35 | this.metrics = metrics[size > 0 ? size - 1 : 0]; 36 | } 37 | 38 | /** 39 | * Get the style of a superscript given a base in the current style. 40 | */ 41 | Style.prototype.sup = function() { 42 | return styles[sup[this.id]]; 43 | }; 44 | 45 | /** 46 | * Get the style of a subscript given a base in the current style. 47 | */ 48 | Style.prototype.sub = function() { 49 | return styles[sub[this.id]]; 50 | }; 51 | 52 | /** 53 | * Get the style of a fraction numerator given the fraction in the current 54 | * style. 55 | */ 56 | Style.prototype.fracNum = function() { 57 | return styles[fracNum[this.id]]; 58 | }; 59 | 60 | /** 61 | * Get the style of a fraction denominator given the fraction in the current 62 | * style. 63 | */ 64 | Style.prototype.fracDen = function() { 65 | return styles[fracDen[this.id]]; 66 | }; 67 | 68 | /** 69 | * Get the cramped version of a style (in particular, cramping a cramped style 70 | * doesn't change the style). 71 | */ 72 | Style.prototype.cramp = function() { 73 | return styles[cramp[this.id]]; 74 | }; 75 | 76 | /** 77 | * HTML class name, like "displaystyle cramped" 78 | */ 79 | Style.prototype.cls = function() { 80 | return sizeNames[this.size] + (this.cramped ? " cramped" : " uncramped"); 81 | }; 82 | 83 | /** 84 | * HTML Reset class name, like "reset-textstyle" 85 | */ 86 | Style.prototype.reset = function() { 87 | return resetNames[this.size]; 88 | }; 89 | 90 | /** 91 | * Return if this style is tightly spaced (scriptstyle/scriptscriptstyle) 92 | */ 93 | Style.prototype.isTight = function() { 94 | return this.size >= 2; 95 | }; 96 | 97 | // IDs of the different styles 98 | var D = 0; 99 | var Dc = 1; 100 | var T = 2; 101 | var Tc = 3; 102 | var S = 4; 103 | var Sc = 5; 104 | var SS = 6; 105 | var SSc = 7; 106 | 107 | // String names for the different sizes 108 | var sizeNames = [ 109 | "displaystyle textstyle", 110 | "textstyle", 111 | "scriptstyle", 112 | "scriptscriptstyle" 113 | ]; 114 | 115 | // Reset names for the different sizes 116 | var resetNames = [ 117 | "reset-textstyle", 118 | "reset-textstyle", 119 | "reset-scriptstyle", 120 | "reset-scriptscriptstyle" 121 | ]; 122 | 123 | // Instances of the different styles 124 | var styles = [ 125 | new Style(D, 0, 1.0, false), 126 | new Style(Dc, 0, 1.0, true), 127 | new Style(T, 1, 1.0, false), 128 | new Style(Tc, 1, 1.0, true), 129 | new Style(S, 2, 0.7, false), 130 | new Style(Sc, 2, 0.7, true), 131 | new Style(SS, 3, 0.5, false), 132 | new Style(SSc, 3, 0.5, true) 133 | ]; 134 | 135 | // Lookup tables for switching from one style to another 136 | var sup = [S, Sc, S, Sc, SS, SSc, SS, SSc]; 137 | var sub = [Sc, Sc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc, SSc, SSc]; 138 | var fracNum = [T, Tc, S, Sc, SS, SSc, SS, SSc]; 139 | var fracDen = [Tc, Tc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc, SSc, SSc]; 140 | var cramp = [Dc, Dc, Tc, Tc, Sc, Sc, SSc, SSc]; 141 | 142 | // We only export some of the styles. Also, we don't export the `Style` class so 143 | // no more styles can be generated. 144 | module.exports = { 145 | DISPLAY: styles[D], 146 | TEXT: styles[T], 147 | SCRIPT: styles[S], 148 | SCRIPTSCRIPT: styles[SS] 149 | }; 150 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/buildTree.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | var buildHTML = require("./buildHTML"); 2 | var buildMathML = require("./buildMathML"); 3 | var buildCommon = require("./buildCommon"); 4 | var Options = require("./Options"); 5 | var Settings = require("./Settings"); 6 | var Style = require("./Style"); 7 | 8 | var makeSpan = buildCommon.makeSpan; 9 | 10 | var buildTree = function(tree, expression, settings) { 11 | settings = settings || new Settings({}); 12 | 13 | var startStyle = Style.TEXT; 14 | if (settings.displayMode) { 15 | startStyle = Style.DISPLAY; 16 | } 17 | 18 | // Setup the default options 19 | var options = new Options({ 20 | style: startStyle, 21 | size: "size5" 22 | }); 23 | 24 | // `buildHTML` sometimes messes with the parse tree (like turning bins -> 25 | // ords), so we build the MathML version first. 26 | var mathMLNode = buildMathML(tree, expression, options); 27 | var htmlNode = buildHTML(tree, options); 28 | 29 | var katexNode = makeSpan(["katex"], [ 30 | mathMLNode, htmlNode 31 | ]); 32 | 33 | if (settings.displayMode) { 34 | return makeSpan(["katex-display"], [katexNode]); 35 | } else { 36 | return katexNode; 37 | } 38 | }; 39 | 40 | module.exports = buildTree; 41 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/mathMLTree.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * These objects store data about MathML nodes. This is the MathML equivalent 3 | * of the types in domTree.js. Since MathML handles its own rendering, and 4 | * since we're mainly using MathML to improve accessibility, we don't manage 5 | * any of the styling state that the plain DOM nodes do. 6 | * 7 | * The `toNode` and `toMarkup` functions work simlarly to how they do in 8 | * domTree.js, creating namespaced DOM nodes and HTML text markup respectively. 9 | */ 10 | 11 | var utils = require("./utils"); 12 | 13 | /** 14 | * This node represents a general purpose MathML node of any type. The 15 | * constructor requires the type of node to create (for example, `"mo"` or 16 | * `"mspace"`, corresponding to `` and `` tags). 17 | */ 18 | function MathNode(type, children) { 19 | this.type = type; 20 | this.attributes = {}; 21 | this.children = children || []; 22 | } 23 | 24 | /** 25 | * Sets an attribute on a MathML node. MathML depends on attributes to convey a 26 | * semantic content, so this is used heavily. 27 | */ 28 | MathNode.prototype.setAttribute = function(name, value) { 29 | this.attributes[name] = value; 30 | }; 31 | 32 | /** 33 | * Converts the math node into a MathML-namespaced DOM element. 34 | */ 35 | MathNode.prototype.toNode = function() { 36 | var node = document.createElementNS( 37 | "http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML", this.type); 38 | 39 | for (var attr in this.attributes) { 40 | if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.attributes, attr)) { 41 | node.setAttribute(attr, this.attributes[attr]); 42 | } 43 | } 44 | 45 | for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) { 46 | node.appendChild(this.children[i].toNode()); 47 | } 48 | 49 | return node; 50 | }; 51 | 52 | /** 53 | * Converts the math node into an HTML markup string. 54 | */ 55 | MathNode.prototype.toMarkup = function() { 56 | var markup = "<" + this.type; 57 | 58 | // Add the attributes 59 | for (var attr in this.attributes) { 60 | if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.attributes, attr)) { 61 | markup += " " + attr + "=\""; 62 | markup += utils.escape(this.attributes[attr]); 63 | markup += "\""; 64 | } 65 | } 66 | 67 | markup += ">"; 68 | 69 | for (var i = 0; i < this.children.length; i++) { 70 | markup += this.children[i].toMarkup(); 71 | } 72 | 73 | markup += ""; 74 | 75 | return markup; 76 | }; 77 | 78 | /** 79 | * This node represents a piece of text. 80 | */ 81 | function TextNode(text) { 82 | this.text = text; 83 | } 84 | 85 | /** 86 | * Converts the text node into a DOM text node. 87 | */ 88 | TextNode.prototype.toNode = function() { 89 | return document.createTextNode(this.text); 90 | }; 91 | 92 | /** 93 | * Converts the text node into HTML markup (which is just the text itself). 94 | */ 95 | TextNode.prototype.toMarkup = function() { 96 | return utils.escape(this.text); 97 | }; 98 | 99 | module.exports = { 100 | MathNode: MathNode, 101 | TextNode: TextNode 102 | }; 103 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/parseData.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * The resulting parse tree nodes of the parse tree. 3 | * 4 | * It is possible to provide position information, so that a ParseNode can 5 | * fulfil a role similar to a Token in error reporting. 6 | * For details on the corresponding properties see Token constructor. 7 | * Providing such information can lead to better error reporting. 8 | * 9 | * @param {string} type type of node, like e.g. "ordgroup" 10 | * @param {?object} value type-specific representation of the node 11 | * @param {string} mode parse mode in action for this node, 12 | * "math" or "text" 13 | * @param {Token=} firstToken first token of the input for this node, 14 | * will omit position information if unset 15 | * @param {Token=} lastToken last token of the input for this node, 16 | * will default to firstToken if unset 17 | */ 18 | function ParseNode(type, value, mode, firstToken, lastToken) { 19 | this.type = type; 20 | this.value = value; 21 | this.mode = mode; 22 | if (firstToken && (!lastToken || lastToken.lexer === firstToken.lexer)) { 23 | this.lexer = firstToken.lexer; 24 | this.start = firstToken.start; 25 | this.end = (lastToken || firstToken).end; 26 | } 27 | } 28 | 29 | module.exports = { 30 | ParseNode: ParseNode 31 | }; 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/parseTree.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * Provides a single function for parsing an expression using a Parser 3 | * TODO(emily): Remove this 4 | */ 5 | 6 | var Parser = require("./Parser"); 7 | 8 | /** 9 | * Parses an expression using a Parser, then returns the parsed result. 10 | */ 11 | var parseTree = function(toParse, settings) { 12 | if (!(typeof toParse === 'string' || toParse instanceof String)) { 13 | throw new TypeError('KaTeX can only parse string typed expression'); 14 | } 15 | var parser = new Parser(toParse, settings); 16 | 17 | return parser.parse(); 18 | }; 19 | 20 | module.exports = parseTree; 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/unicodeRegexes.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | var hangulRegex = /[\uAC00-\uD7AF]/; 2 | 3 | // This regex combines 4 | // - Hiragana: [\u3040-\u309F] 5 | // - Katakana: [\u30A0-\u30FF] 6 | // - CJK ideograms: [\u4E00-\u9FAF] 7 | // - Hangul syllables: [\uAC00-\uD7AF] 8 | // Notably missing are halfwidth Katakana and Romanji glyphs. 9 | var cjkRegex = 10 | /[\u3040-\u309F]|[\u30A0-\u30FF]|[\u4E00-\u9FAF]|[\uAC00-\uD7AF]/; 11 | 12 | module.exports = { 13 | cjkRegex: cjkRegex, 14 | hangulRegex: hangulRegex 15 | }; 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/katex/src/utils.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** 2 | * This file contains a list of utility functions which are useful in other 3 | * files. 4 | */ 5 | 6 | /** 7 | * Provide an `indexOf` function which works in IE8, but defers to native if 8 | * possible. 9 | */ 10 | var nativeIndexOf = Array.prototype.indexOf; 11 | var indexOf = function(list, elem) { 12 | if (list == null) { 13 | return -1; 14 | } 15 | if (nativeIndexOf && list.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) { 16 | return list.indexOf(elem); 17 | } 18 | var i = 0; 19 | var l = list.length; 20 | for (; i < l; i++) { 21 | if (list[i] === elem) { 22 | return i; 23 | } 24 | } 25 | return -1; 26 | }; 27 | 28 | /** 29 | * Return whether an element is contained in a list 30 | */ 31 | var contains = function(list, elem) { 32 | return indexOf(list, elem) !== -1; 33 | }; 34 | 35 | /** 36 | * Provide a default value if a setting is undefined 37 | */ 38 | var deflt = function(setting, defaultIfUndefined) { 39 | return setting === undefined ? defaultIfUndefined : setting; 40 | }; 41 | 42 | // hyphenate and escape adapted from Facebook's React under Apache 2 license 43 | 44 | var uppercase = /([A-Z])/g; 45 | var hyphenate = function(str) { 46 | return str.replace(uppercase, "-$1").toLowerCase(); 47 | }; 48 | 49 | var ESCAPE_LOOKUP = { 50 | "&": "&", 51 | ">": ">", 52 | "<": "<", 53 | "\"": """, 54 | "'": "'" 55 | }; 56 | 57 | var ESCAPE_REGEX = /[&><"']/g; 58 | 59 | function escaper(match) { 60 | return ESCAPE_LOOKUP[match]; 61 | } 62 | 63 | /** 64 | * Escapes text to prevent scripting attacks. 65 | * 66 | * @param {*} text Text value to escape. 67 | * @return {string} An escaped string. 68 | */ 69 | function escape(text) { 70 | return ("" + text).replace(ESCAPE_REGEX, escaper); 71 | } 72 | 73 | /** 74 | * A function to set the text content of a DOM element in all supported 75 | * browsers. Note that we don't define this if there is no document. 76 | */ 77 | var setTextContent; 78 | if (typeof document !== "undefined") { 79 | var testNode = document.createElement("span"); 80 | if ("textContent" in testNode) { 81 | setTextContent = function(node, text) { 82 | node.textContent = text; 83 | }; 84 | } else { 85 | setTextContent = function(node, text) { 86 | node.innerText = text; 87 | }; 88 | } 89 | } 90 | 91 | /** 92 | * A function to clear a node. 93 | */ 94 | function clearNode(node) { 95 | setTextContent(node, ""); 96 | } 97 | 98 | module.exports = { 99 | contains: contains, 100 | deflt: deflt, 101 | escape: escape, 102 | hyphenate: hyphenate, 103 | indexOf: indexOf, 104 | setTextContent: setTextContent, 105 | clearNode: clearNode 106 | }; 107 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | The MIT License (MIT) 2 | 3 | Copyright (c) 2017 Sophie Alpert 4 | 5 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy 6 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal 7 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights 8 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell 9 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is 10 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: 11 | 12 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all 13 | copies or substantial portions of the Software. 14 | 15 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR 16 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, 17 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE 18 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER 19 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, 20 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE 21 | SOFTWARE. 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # match-at [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/spicyj/match-at.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/spicyj/match-at) 2 | 3 | ## Introduction 4 | 5 | Like `String.prototype.match` if it only checked the regex at the given index instead of searching the entire string. 6 | 7 | ```js 8 | matchAt(/world/, 'hello world', 6); // ['world'] 9 | matchAt(/world/, 'hello world', 0); // null 10 | ``` 11 | 12 | Almost like `'hello world'.slice(i).match(/^world/)` except the resulting match object's `.index` property corresponds to the original string, and it doesn't actually slice the string. Most engines optimize taking a substring so this probably isn't particularly valuable in practice, but it was an entertaining exercise and could be useful if you reminisce about these semantics. 13 | 14 | ## License 15 | 16 | MIT. 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/lib/__tests__/matchAt-test.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | describe('matchAt', function () { 2 | 3 | var matchAt; 4 | 5 | beforeEach(function () { 6 | matchAt = require('../matchAt.js'); 7 | }); 8 | 9 | it('matches a simple regex', function () { 10 | expect(matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 0)).toBe(null); 11 | expect(matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 1)).toBe(null); 12 | expect(matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 4)).toBe(null); 13 | expect(matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 5)).toBe(null); 14 | 15 | var match = matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 2); 16 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 17 | expect(match.index).toBe(2); 18 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 19 | expect(match[0]).toBe('l'); 20 | expect(match[1]).toBe(undefined); 21 | expect(match.length).toBe(1); 22 | 23 | var match = matchAt(/l/, 'hello', 3); 24 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 25 | expect(match.index).toBe(3); 26 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 27 | expect(match[0]).toBe('l'); 28 | expect(match[1]).toBe(undefined); 29 | expect(match.length).toBe(1); 30 | }); 31 | 32 | it('matches a zero-length regex', function () { 33 | expect(matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 0)).toBe(null); 34 | expect(matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 1)).toBe(null); 35 | expect(matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 4)).toBe(null); 36 | expect(matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 5)).toBe(null); 37 | 38 | var match = matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 2); 39 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 40 | expect(match.index).toBe(2); 41 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 42 | expect(match[0]).toBe(''); 43 | expect(match[1]).toBe(undefined); 44 | expect(match.length).toBe(1); 45 | 46 | var match = matchAt(/(?=l)/, 'hello', 3); 47 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 48 | expect(match.index).toBe(3); 49 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 50 | expect(match[0]).toBe(''); 51 | expect(match[1]).toBe(undefined); 52 | expect(match.length).toBe(1); 53 | }); 54 | 55 | it('matches a regex with capturing groups', function () { 56 | expect(matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 0)).toBe(null); 57 | expect(matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 1)).toBe(null); 58 | expect(matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 4)).toBe(null); 59 | expect(matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 5)).toBe(null); 60 | 61 | var match = matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 2); 62 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 63 | expect(match.index).toBe(2); 64 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 65 | expect(match[0]).toBe('ll'); 66 | expect(match[1]).toBe('l'); 67 | expect(match[2]).toBe('l'); 68 | expect(match.length).toBe(3); 69 | 70 | var match = matchAt(/(l)(l)?/, 'hello', 3); 71 | expect(Array.isArray(match)).toBe(true); 72 | expect(match.index).toBe(3); 73 | expect(match.input).toBe('hello'); 74 | expect(match[0]).toBe('l'); 75 | expect(match[1]).toBe('l'); 76 | expect(match[2]).toBe(undefined); 77 | expect(match.length).toBe(3); 78 | }); 79 | 80 | it('copies flags over', function () { 81 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 0)).toBe(null); 82 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 1)).toBe(null); 83 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 2)).not.toBe(null); 84 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 3)).not.toBe(null); 85 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 4)).toBe(null); 86 | expect(matchAt(/L/i, 'hello', 5)).toBe(null); 87 | }); 88 | }); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/lib/matchAt.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | function getRelocatable(re) { 2 | // In the future, this could use a WeakMap instead of an expando. 3 | if (!re.__matchAtRelocatable) { 4 | // Disjunctions are the lowest-precedence operator, so we can make any 5 | // pattern match the empty string by appending `|()` to it: 6 | // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-patterns 7 | var source = re.source + '|()'; 8 | 9 | // We always make the new regex global. 10 | var flags = 'g' + (re.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') + (re.multiline ? 'm' : '') + (re.unicode ? 'u' : '') 11 | // sticky (/.../y) doesn't make sense in conjunction with our relocation 12 | // logic, so we ignore it here. 13 | ; 14 | 15 | re.__matchAtRelocatable = new RegExp(source, flags); 16 | } 17 | return re.__matchAtRelocatable; 18 | } 19 | 20 | function matchAt(re, str, pos) { 21 | if (re.global || re.sticky) { 22 | throw new Error('matchAt(...): Only non-global regexes are supported'); 23 | } 24 | var reloc = getRelocatable(re); 25 | reloc.lastIndex = pos; 26 | var match = reloc.exec(str); 27 | // Last capturing group is our sentinel that indicates whether the regex 28 | // matched at the given location. 29 | if (match[match.length - 1] == null) { 30 | // Original regex matched. 31 | match.length = match.length - 1; 32 | return match; 33 | } else { 34 | return null; 35 | } 36 | } 37 | 38 | module.exports = matchAt; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/lib/matchAt.js.flow: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /** @flow */ 2 | 3 | function getRelocatable(re: RegExp): RegExp { 4 | // In the future, this could use a WeakMap instead of an expando. 5 | if (!(re: any).__matchAtRelocatable) { 6 | // Disjunctions are the lowest-precedence operator, so we can make any 7 | // pattern match the empty string by appending `|()` to it: 8 | // https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-patterns 9 | var source = re.source + '|()'; 10 | 11 | // We always make the new regex global. 12 | var flags = 'g' + (re.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') + (re.multiline ? 'm' : '') + ((re: any).unicode ? 'u' : '') 13 | // sticky (/.../y) doesn't make sense in conjunction with our relocation 14 | // logic, so we ignore it here. 15 | ; 16 | 17 | (re: any).__matchAtRelocatable = new RegExp(source, flags); 18 | } 19 | return (re: any).__matchAtRelocatable; 20 | } 21 | 22 | function matchAt(re: RegExp, str: string, pos: number): any { 23 | if (re.global || (re: any).sticky) { 24 | throw new Error('matchAt(...): Only non-global regexes are supported'); 25 | } 26 | var reloc = getRelocatable(re); 27 | reloc.lastIndex = pos; 28 | var match: Array = reloc.exec(str); 29 | // Last capturing group is our sentinel that indicates whether the regex 30 | // matched at the given location. 31 | if (match[match.length - 1] == null) { 32 | // Original regex matched. 33 | match.length = match.length - 1; 34 | return match; 35 | } else { 36 | return null; 37 | } 38 | } 39 | 40 | module.exports = matchAt; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /node_modules/match-at/package.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "_args": [ 3 | [ 4 | { 5 | "name": "match-at", 6 | "raw": "match-at@^0.1.0", 7 | "rawSpec": "^0.1.0", 8 | "scope": null, 9 | "spec": ">=0.1.0 <0.2.0", 10 | "type": "range" 11 | }, 12 | "C:\\Users\\huozh\\Desktop\\quantum_book\\node_modules\\katex" 13 | ] 14 | ], 15 | "_from": "match-at@>=0.1.0 <0.2.0", 16 | "_id": "match-at@0.1.1", 17 | "_inCache": true, 18 | "_installable": true, 19 | "_location": "/match-at", 20 | "_nodeVersion": "8.2.1", 21 | "_npmOperationalInternal": { 22 | "host": "s3://npm-registry-packages", 23 | "tmp": "tmp/match-at-0.1.1.tgz_1504663382647_0.7046560752205551" 24 | }, 25 | "_npmUser": { 26 | "email": "aria@classjourney.org", 27 | "name": "ariabuckles" 28 | }, 29 | "_npmVersion": "5.3.0", 30 | "_phantomChildren": {}, 31 | "_requested": { 32 | "name": "match-at", 33 | "raw": "match-at@^0.1.0", 34 | "rawSpec": "^0.1.0", 35 | "scope": null, 36 | "spec": ">=0.1.0 <0.2.0", 37 | "type": "range" 38 | }, 39 | "_requiredBy": [ 40 | "/katex" 41 | ], 42 | "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/match-at/-/match-at-0.1.1.tgz", 43 | "_shasum": "25d040d291777704d5e6556bbb79230ec2de0540", 44 | "_shrinkwrap": null, 45 | "_spec": "match-at@^0.1.0", 46 | "_where": "C:\\Users\\huozh\\Desktop\\quantum_book\\node_modules\\katex", 47 | "babel": { 48 | "plugins": [ 49 | "transform-flow-strip-types" 50 | ] 51 | }, 52 | "bugs": { 53 | "url": "https://github.com/sophiebits/match-at/issues" 54 | }, 55 | "dependencies": {}, 56 | "description": "Relocatable regular expressions.", 57 | "devDependencies": { 58 | "babel-cli": "^6.26.0", 59 | "babel-jest": "^21.0.0", 60 | "babel-plugin-syntax-flow": "^6.18.0", 61 | "babel-plugin-transform-flow-strip-types": "^6.22.0", 62 | "jest": "^21.0.1" 63 | }, 64 | "directories": {}, 65 | "dist": { 66 | "integrity": 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"test": "jest" 96 | }, 97 | "version": "0.1.1" 98 | } 99 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pdf/量子计算与编程入门.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OriginQ/Quantum-programming-textbook/04a3f9962cbe0f8af515c90826735feaf9e00d61/pdf/量子计算与编程入门.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /picture/1.1.1.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OriginQ/Quantum-programming-textbook/04a3f9962cbe0f8af515c90826735feaf9e00d61/picture/1.1.1.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /picture/1.1.10.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OriginQ/Quantum-programming-textbook/04a3f9962cbe0f8af515c90826735feaf9e00d61/picture/1.1.10.png 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  第四部分量子算法与编程深入介绍了量子算法的基础知识及运用。内容涵盖量子算法简介、量子—经典混合算法、几种主流的量子算法及本源自主研发的量子语言QRunes和量子编程软件QPanda2。 16 | 17 |   第五部分介绍了量子计算的前沿话题，包括利用QPanda测试量子系统噪声、量子机器学习与量子神经网络、使用单振幅和部分振幅量子虚拟机、将量子程序编译到不同的量子芯片上等行业前沿知识。 18 | 19 |   在附录中，编者收录了学习量子计算所需的基础数学内容和本源量子编程工具的安装与配置方法，期望为读者们学习量子计算与编程提供更多参考。 20 | 21 |   尽管量子计算时代何时真正开始，还存在着所有类似叠加的不确定性，但必须承认，量子计算技术产生的成果正越来越多地应用到我们的生活之中。 22 | 23 |   本源联合创始人郭光灿院士说：“要成为科学强国不是一代人的事，必须要有传承，这离不开量子信息人才的教育和培养。”希望本套教材的问世，能为量子计算教育事业的发展，为量子计算人才的培养，作出应有的贡献。 24 | 25 | ​ 26 | 27 | ​ 著者 28 | 29 | ​ 2019年8月 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /后记.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 后记 2 | 3 | 现在，呈现在读者面前的是一套关于量子计算与编程的专业教材，你可以从量子计算发展的源头重新认识这一令世界各国都在“倾力一搏”的科技，同时你也能通过书中对于量子计算机结构及量子计算编程技术的详细阐释来了解当前量子计算的发展现状和未来趋向。在未来，本源量子计算系列教材将会陆续更新出版。 4 | 5 | 本源量子成立于2017年9月11日，是国内第一家从事量子计算行业的初创型公司，总部位于合肥高新区，在合肥经开区和深圳设有分支机构。本源量子作为从中科院量子信息重点实验室孵化出来的企业，在量子计算技术的研究方面起步较早，其创始人郭国平教授在实用化量子计算领域取得了多个重要成果，成功入选国家杰出青年基金获得者，国家“万人计划”领军人才，长江教授青年学者。从高校教师转变为企业负责人，身份改变的背后，承载着一位科技工作者对于量子计算技术未来的深刻洞察与坚定信心。 6 | 7 | 本教材的出版离不开每一位本源人的付出，在这里要特别感谢本源量子研发团队的同事们为本教材添砖加瓦，感谢本源量子教育组的同事们为本教材汇编撰写，感谢本源量子设计师团队为本教材添姿增彩，同时，也感谢出版社老师们的倾力相助。 8 | 9 | 本书作为本源量子编写出版的第一册专业教材，难免有所疏漏，如果有关于本教材的任何意见，比如：文字风格，遗漏或补充，对于量子计算的讨论，都可以发信到本源量子官方邮箱oqc@originqc.com， 欢迎各位读者朋友来信斧正。 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /序.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 序 2 | 3 |   当传统计算模式趋近瓶颈时，下一代计算模式的重大变革也即将到来。 “在不久的将来，量子计算可以改变世界”已经成为了共识。 4 | 5 |   在加拿大量子计算公司D-Wave的一份官方资料中，公司CTO乔迪·洛斯（Geordie Rose）认为量子计算可以撬动制药、化工、生物科技3个总价值3.1万亿美元的市场。 6 | 7 |   一些大公司和政府已经开始将量子计算研究视为一场竞赛。谷歌、IBM、英特尔和微软都在持续扩大他们的量子计算研究团队，国内阿里巴巴、百度、本源量子等一批企业也在飞速成长中。 8 | 9 |   本源量子作为从中科院量子信息重点实验室孵化出来的企业，是国内量子计算技术领域的先行者。 10 | 11 |   创始人郭国平教授在实用化量子计算领域取得了多个重要成果，所带领的研究团队人才济济，研究方向覆盖固态量子芯片研究、量子测控仪器仪表研制、量子语言和量子算法。 12 | 13 |   这本量子计算与编程入门教材正是由这支具有深厚内功的研究团队精心编写。 14 | 15 |   编者们从量子计算发展的源头，详细介绍了这一令世界各国都在“倾力一搏”的科技，同时也通过书中对于量子计算机结构及量子计算编程技术的详细阐释，描绘出当前量子计算的发展现状和未来图景。 16 | 17 |   最让我感到惊喜的是，这本书的量子计算前沿话题部分，深入浅出地介绍了利用QPanda测试量子系统噪声、量子机器学习与量子神经网络、使用单振幅和部分振幅量子虚拟机、将量子程序编译到不同的量子芯片上四种有趣的研究话题。 18 | 19 |   量子计算研究发轫几十年来，国内出版了一些量子计算相关的书籍，随着时间的推移和前沿技术的发展，这些书籍的内容也亟待调整和更新。 20 | 21 |   本源量子最新推出的这本量子计算与编程入门，从学科知识架构、基础理论讲解、编程实例引用、前沿话题介绍等方面都为后续的教材编写做了很好的示范。 22 | 23 |   最后，我也衷心地希望本源研发团队后续能推出更多量子计算教材，为国内有心量子计算学习的读者们提供更多选择。 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | ​ 中科院院士，南京邮电大学教授，陈国良 28 | 29 | ​ 2019年8月 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------