├── .gitattributes ├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── typesys.ijs └── typesys_test.ijs /.gitattributes: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization 2 | * text=auto 3 | 4 | # Custom for Visual Studio 5 | *.cs diff=csharp 6 | 7 | # Standard to msysgit 8 | *.doc diff=astextplain 9 | *.DOC diff=astextplain 10 | *.docx diff=astextplain 11 | *.DOCX diff=astextplain 12 | *.dot diff=astextplain 13 | *.DOT diff=astextplain 14 | *.pdf diff=astextplain 15 | *.PDF diff=astextplain 16 | *.rtf diff=astextplain 17 | *.RTF diff=astextplain 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Windows image file caches 2 | Thumbs.db 3 | ehthumbs.db 4 | 5 | # Folder config file 6 | Desktop.ini 7 | 8 | # Recycle Bin used on file shares 9 | $RECYCLE.BIN/ 10 | 11 | # Windows Installer files 12 | *.cab 13 | *.msi 14 | *.msm 15 | *.msp 16 | 17 | # Windows shortcuts 18 | *.lnk 19 | 20 | # ========================= 21 | # Operating System Files 22 | # ========================= 23 | 24 | # OSX 25 | # ========================= 26 | 27 | .DS_Store 28 | .AppleDouble 29 | .LSOverride 30 | 31 | # Thumbnails 32 | ._* 33 | 34 | # Files that might appear on external disk 35 | .Spotlight-V100 36 | .Trashes 37 | 38 | # Directories potentially created on remote AFP share 39 | .AppleDB 40 | .AppleDesktop 41 | Network Trash Folder 42 | Temporary Items 43 | .apdisk 44 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} 635 | Copyright (C) {year} {name of author} 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | {project} Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | 676 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # type-system-j 2 | The J language is ultradynamic in that functions usually have no named parameters much less typed parameters. These files add an optional type system to the J language. 3 | 4 | to use, put all files in your home folder. If placing them elsewhere, change paths for require lines. typesys_test file will load the other file. 5 | 6 | **definition of a type**: A type is a name given to any function that returns a boolean classification of its input. And does so within a general context of guarding input to other functions. 7 | 8 | The benefits of a type system include 9 | 10 | * catch errors in parts of a program due to changes in another part 11 | * document use of functions 12 | * Help compilers optimize code 13 | 14 | Nice to have features that this J system provides are: 15 | 16 | **Type system should be optional** 17 | 18 | regardless of above advantages, optional typing allows quicker to write and shorter programs. 19 | 20 | **Type system should be user defined** 21 | 22 | regardless of compiler advantages a function can be defined to operate on any number. Not just a specific narrow type of number. A function that takes an X,Y point should be able to take any pair of numbers. 23 | 24 | **Type system should be able to validate whole arguments (record validation vs field validation)** 25 | 26 | A type system exists primarily to validate input, and so some type validations should also operate on the entire parameters. For example, ensuring/enforcing an argument count, or ensuring parameters are a sorted list. 27 | 28 | **Type system should be useable to coerce input rather just raise errors** 29 | 30 | Just as types can be too inconvenient to use because they too narrowly confine input, they become vastly more convenient if you can use the same type annotation as a way to automatically convert/coerce "bad" input. A type system can be used to make dynamic languages more dynamic or more strict, by using the type system the way you prefer. 31 | 32 | **Type system should allow parameterization** 33 | 34 | A parameterized type is a type that takes a parameter. '2&count' is a type that validates the function as having 2 parameters. '0 255&inrange' takes 2 parameters and ensures that a field is within the range of 0 to 255. Parameterized types allow for much fewer type definitions. 35 | 36 | **Type system should allow compounding** 37 | The type 'num 0 255&inrange' is a compound type that if it is in coercion mode, will first coerce the field to numeric, and then coerce it to be in range of 0 to 255. In the typesys_test.ijs file is a toy sample class to work with temperature data. 38 | The compound type 'inCelcius inFaren2' converts text data into numbers representing Celcius temperatures, and then inFaren2 is a simple function to convert Celcius numbers to Farenheit numbers. Compound types allow coercion chains where rightmost elements can depend on left coercions for their input format. In the latter case the function expects to receive Celcius temperatures but will work with farenheit temperatures. 39 | 40 | **Type system should allow several interactions with types with change of a single keyword** 41 | coercion and hard validation are the 2 main alternatives. But then so is validating each item of input, and then so is filtering based on valid input. An in-between state between coercion and validation is to coerce but leave a trace message of what was coerced, and this further allows selection upon a continuum of dynamic vs. static typing. 42 | 43 | # Using the type system 44 | 45 | Coercers and validators are the 2 key concepts of this type system. A validator uses a type to raise an error when input is non conforming. A coercer uses the same type info to try to convert the data into a valid input form. The c keyword applies a coercer adverb. The cp adverb coerces while leaving a trace message. The v keyword takes the same inputs as c and cp and applies a validation adverb (raises error if fails). the vb adverb returns a list of booleans signalling pass/fail for each item. The vbs adverb selects only the items that passed (without any coercion on fails) to provide to the function, and so every type you define can also be used as a filter, and while all J functions have an intrinsic map (from functional programming) capcity, typed J functions can gain instrinsic filter map capacity. 46 | 47 | A cute variation on validators is the iv adverb which instead of raising an error, pops up an inputbox where the user can correct the input (title of type, message of errortext, and value of raw input). Verb versions of all of these adverbs exist. Another cute verb is ci, which will bring up an input box for any values that it will coerce, and let the user change the value prior to automatic coercion. 48 | 49 | ** vm mode (functional errors) ** 50 | 51 | f 'type' vm uses a "maybe/option" type for dealing with errors. function results are either the result, the type mismatch, or other error raised by the function. Helper adverbs exist to deal with "maybe types" or even mixed and matched maybe and raw types. There is a choice to deal with errors at infinite rank (return error if any value fails) or at the item rank (process each item and return either result or error in boxed form). Multiple failed validations and errors are also supported. Run vmtest '' for an illustration of this mode. 52 | 53 | This is similar to Haskell/Rust error system. Except it is much cleaner in that all error handling is dealt with in the function definition header. All of the coercers and validators can be applied to functions that don't need to be concerned with types. 54 | 55 | ** Defining types ** 56 | 57 | Types have 4 fields defined in a data driven tab delimited part of code. The fields are: 58 | 59 | Type name, coercion function to be applied if validation test fails, validation test, and error text to raise if not coerced. 60 | 61 | The full power of J can be used to define the middle 2 functions. Though there is a bug in using multiline explicit functions in connection with my code. 62 | 63 | **using system** 64 | 65 | the typesys_test file has a toy class that adds custom types to only its own private class (in addition to core typesys type definitions). The only setup to use with your own class (including base) 66 | 67 | require jpath '~/typesys.ijs' NB. assumes location to be home directory 68 | coinsert 'typesys' NB. inside a locale you want to use type system 69 | 70 | after loading typesys_test.ijs, run 71 | 72 | test '' 73 | testC '' 74 | vmtest '' 75 | 76 | The commands will display many examples of the type system in a hopefully easy to follow way. 77 | 78 | 79 | **2 ways to turn type system on and off** 80 | 81 | 1. There is a shaddow name for c and v. It is t. You can globally redefine t to any type processing function including a special function called off that bypasses any type checks. You can also use off to merely have the commenting value of type annotations, or as a placeholder to apply types you have yet to define. 82 | 83 | 2. by removing/adding a comment to the header. For instance the type checked test function's header is: 84 | 85 | NB. function with type anotation: takes 2 item items, with one string, and one Farenheit temperature. Makes sure to fail if not 2 items per item 86 | 87 | testf =: [: 3 : 0 ( 'str';'inCelcius inFaren2') cV_temperature_ each '2&count' v_temperature_ "1 ] 88 | 89 | to turn off the type interactions (perhaps to rule out errors) the following comment edit can be applied: 90 | 91 | testf =: [: 3 : 0 ] NB. ( 'str';'inCelcius inFaren2') cV_temperature_ each '2&count' v_temperature_ "1 ] 92 | 93 | that edit (and original) also gives the function protection from domain errors if called dyadically. 94 | 95 | **understanding the code** 96 | 97 | the type system uses an advanced J feature of returning an adverb from the c and v adverbs. 98 | 99 | 'num' c NB. returns adverb. Needs verb parameter 100 | +/ 'num' c NB. this is now a verb. Sum with type coercion to numeric. Means you can assign this to a name as a verb. 101 | +/ 'num' c '1 2 3' NB. will return numeric value 6. verb applied to noun returns noun. 102 | 2 +/ 'num' c '1 2 3' NB. returns 3 4 5. Above verb is ambivalent verb. Though in this version only y argument is coerced. 103 | '2' +/&('num'&cV) '1 2 3' NB. returns same as above but coerces both arguments. 104 | 105 | cV and vV are the verb equivalents to the adverb forms. The adverb form is sometimes cleaner in simple cases, and sometimes the binding to a compound verb phrase is wanted. 106 | 107 | 108 | **limitations** 109 | 110 | parameterized types are limited to either several numeric parameters or a single text parameter. Based on J's ;: parsing of words. so. 111 | 112 | 'num 1 2 3&myptype' NB. ok. 1 2 3 is parameter to myptype 113 | 'num str mypar&myptype' NB. ok as long as mypar was the only parameter to myptype you wanted to pass. num and str are other types. 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /typesys.ijs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Note 'towards a J type system' 2 | Core elements of a type system are coercers/convertors and validators. 3 | Consider a function f that accepts a numeric temperature expected to be in Celsius. 4 | f '33' f '98F' f '98 Farenheit' f '98 F' f '300K' and f 33 could all be parseable into the last valid input 5 | Validators and coercers can use the same function as the test component. Their difference is that 6 | Coercers modify the input if they can. 7 | Convertors are more complex coercers 8 | Validators either raise an error or bring up an input box for manual correction. 9 | Implementations as a verb or adverb are possible. 10 | Verbs can be more straightforwardly applied to x and y arguments. 11 | Adverbs can be chained infinitely 12 | ) 13 | 14 | assign_z_ =: 4 : '(x) =: y' 15 | 16 | amdt_z_ =: 2 : '(u"_ (v{ ]))`(v"_@:])`]} ]' NB. use u@] for monad amenditems, u@[ for function applied to y instead of v{y. or u for dyad amenditem. 17 | ORassign_z_ =: assign`(".@[)@.(_1 < 4!:0@<@[) 18 | assignwith_z_ =: 1 : ('y assign u (y~ [ ]) :: ((i.0)"1) 1';':';'y assign x u (y~ [ ]) :: ((i.0)"1) 1') 19 | assignwithC_z_ =: 2 : ('y assign u (y~ [ ]) :: (n"_) 1';':';'y assign x u (y~ [ ]) :: (n"_) 1 ') 20 | NB.uucp=:u:@(7&u:) 21 | uucp_z_ =: ucp`]`(ucp@:u:)@.(1 i.~ 2 131072 = 3!:0)"1 :.utf8 22 | utf8_z_ =: [: ": uucp`(uucp ::u:@:({&a.))@.([: *./ 256&>)^:(1 4 64 e.~ 3!:0)"1 :.uucp 23 | futf_z_ =: 3 u: ":@:uucp2 :.fucp 24 | fucp_z_ =: 3 u: uucp2 :.futf 25 | 26 | coclass 'OOP' 27 | OOP_z_ =: <'OOP' 28 | coclass_z_ =: 18!:4@boxxopen@:[ ((('_OOP_' ,~ 'C' , ]) assign boxopen)^:(0 = L.)) 29 | coclass =: 18!:4@boxxopen@:[ ((('_OOP_' ,~ 'C' , ]) assign (][ coerase)@:boxopen)^:(0 = L.)) 30 | codestroy_z_ =: (coerase@coname ] destroy :: ]) 31 | reassign_z_ =: ( assign [ codestroy@:[ :: ]) 32 | coinsert_z_ =: 3 : 0 33 | n=. ;: :: ] y 34 | p=. ; (, 18!:2) @ boxopen each n 35 | p=. ~. ( 18!:2 coname''), p 36 | (p /: p = <,'z') 18!:2 coname'' 37 | ) 38 | 39 | New =: 3 : 'y conew coname ''''' 40 | loc =: (,&'_'@[ ,&'_'@, ":@>@])"1 0 41 | locs =: 1 : 'm loc 18!:5 ''''' 42 | 43 | inl =: (cocurrent@] ".@] [)"1 0 44 | inlC =: 2 : 0 45 | (([: <^:(0=L.) v"_) inl~ m , ' ', lr@:]) : (([: <^:(0=L.) v"_) inl~ (lr@:[), ' ' ,m , ' ', lr@:] ) 46 | ) 47 | rifN =: (1 : 'if. 0 = 4!:0 < ''u'' do. m&[ else. u end.') 48 | ebN =: 4 : 'x eval rifN y' 49 | ql=: 2 : '(quote m) , n' 50 | ebNR =: 1 : 'm ql '' & ebN'' locs & ebN' 51 | inlA =: 1 : 'u inlC (18!:5 '''')' 52 | joinB =: (1 : ' ((- # m)&}.@;@(,&m&.>"1))')(@: (] : ;)) 53 | 54 | NB. require jpath '~/zutils.ijs' 55 | require 'format/printf' 56 | cocurrent 'z' 57 | pD_z_ =: 1!:2&2 58 | eval_z_ =: 1 : ' a: 1 : m' 59 | hook_z_ =: 2 : '([: u v) : (u v) ' 60 | lrA_z_ =: 1 : '5!:5 < ''u''' 61 | lr_z_ =: 3 : '5!:5 < ''y''' 62 | linearize =: (, $~ 1 -.~ $) 63 | dflt =: ([`]@.(0 = #@>@[)"0 0) (1 : (':'; '(linearize (#y) {. x) u y'))&(<^:(L. = 0:)) 64 | a2v =: 1 : 0 NB. for dyad adverb, where adverb takes noun arg. ie (3 1,: 6 2) '}' a2v reduce i.5 65 | 4 : ('''a b'' =. x label_. a (b(', u , ')) y') 66 | ) 67 | 68 | dvA =: 2 : ',. n ( <;.2@,~) u lrA' NB. display long verb cut by a common character such as ) ^ or @ or (. Adds extra trailing char that must be removed if trying to reparse. 69 | notfalse =: 0:`((0~: ]) *.(a:~:]))@.(0<#@:])(+./@:) NB. :: 0: 70 | 71 | NB. like Fork. Adverb creates a conjunction. whose result is (f@:[ g h@:]) g is adverb parameter. f and h are u and v of conjunction result. 72 | Fxhy_z_ =: 1 : ' 2 : (''u@:[ '' , ''('', u lrA , '')'' , '' v@:]'')' 73 | daS =: 2 : (' a =. (u lrA , '' u '' , n) label_. 1 : (''u 1 :'' , quote a)') NB. allows swapping order of double adverb arguments. ex: 'num' +: daS 'c' 74 | 75 | coclass__OOP 'typesys' 76 | coinsert 'OOP' 77 | noP =: 1 : ']' 78 | sfX =: 1 : '][u' 79 | 80 | 81 | Y =: (&{::)(@:]) 82 | Y =: 1 : 'if. 3 = 4!:0 < ''u'' do. u@:] else. m {:: ] end.' 83 | X =: (&{::)(@:[) 84 | X =: 1 : 'if. 3 = 4!:0 < ''u'' do. u@:[ else. m {:: [ end.' 85 | multicut =: [:>[:cut leaf/ ([: <"_1 ({&a.)^:(1 4 e.~ 3!:0)@:linearize@:maybenum@:[) (, <) ] 86 | unmulticut =: [ (([ [^:('' -: ]) leaf joinstring (L:1)) reduce) ": leaf@:] NB. to get string, level must be = to #@[. Smaler #@[ can be useful. 87 | unmulticut =:[ (<"_1@[ ([: >@:(([ [^:('' -: ])L:0 joinstring L:1)&.>/) ,) <@:]) ":L:0@:] 88 | varargs1 =: 1 : '(m ql '' =. '' , lr@:dflt) ,&< [ }.~ #@]' 89 | do0ret1 =: 1&{:: [ [: ". 0&{:: 90 | varargs =: 1 : '[: do0ret1 m varargs1' 91 | 92 | tonull =: NULL"_^:(0 = #) 93 | dvAp =: dvA ')' NB. examples: (+: + +:)^:(5 < ]) dvAp ] 'num ' cp dvAp ] 'num 2&count' cp dvAp ] 'num 2&count' cp dvA '(' 94 | numerify =: 0&".^:(2 = 3!:0) 95 | maybenum =: 0&".^:(] -:&linearize ":@:numerify) 96 | intify =: <.@numerify 97 | roundify =: 0.5 <.@+ numerify 98 | inrange =: (1 X >: ]) *.&(*./) 0 X <: ] 99 | copylistV =: <:&# *. #@] *./@:<: #@] {.(!._) [ 100 | copylist =: ((#@] {.!._ [) (] ([`]@.(0 = #@>@[)"0 0) ,@:({ ::(''"_)("0 _))) ]) NB. (] ([`]@.(0 = #@>@[)"0 0) is defaults. 101 | raiseErr =: 4 : '0 assert~ ''forced error: '', x' 102 | NB. TypeName CoercionFunction ValidationTest ErrorText 103 | sDYNTYPES =: (9{a.) cut &> cutLF 0 : 0 NB. adds empty column for parameterized type/validations 104 | num 0&". 1 4 8 16 64 128 e.~ 3!:0 Must be numeric 105 | int intify 1 4 64 e.~ 3!:0 Must be integer 106 | intx [: x:@:intify (,&'x')^:(2 = 3!:0) 64 e.~ 3!:0 Must be extended integer (do not append x to string) 107 | intR roundify 1 4 64 e.~ 3!:0 Must be roundable to interger 108 | str ": 2 = 3!:0 Must be string 109 | box <"_1 0 cutLF 0 : 0 126 | count maybenum {.Fxhy ] maybenum =Fxhy # count must be equal to %s 127 | mthan maybenum {.Fxhy ] maybenum Fxhy # count must be fewer than %s 129 | gthan maybenum@[ >. ] maybenum@:[ *./@:<: ] Must be greater or equal than %s 130 | lthan maybenum@[ <. ] maybenum@:[ *./@:>: ] Must be lesser or equal than %s 131 | inrange 'unconvertable' raiseErr ] maybenum@:[ inrange ] Must be within range of %s 132 | unboxed <@:[ cV every ] 0 = L.@:] Must be coerceable to parameter %s (type) then unboxed 133 | each <@:[ cV each ] [: *./@:; <@:[ vbV each ] Must be coerceable to parameter %s (type) then leaves boxed 134 | every <@:[ cV every ] [ vV"_ >@:] Must be parameter type %s leaves boxed (use each instead normally) 135 | d maybenum@[ 0 < #@] Default value is %s 136 | dv 4 : '(x eval)"_ y' 0 < #@] Default value is verb(named if compound) '' %s ''(applied to null) or value of '' %s '' within locale if not specified 137 | cut maybenum@:[ multicut ] 0 cutLF 0 : 0 147 | num maybenum ([: *./ (": -: [: ": (0&".)^:(2=3!:0)) every) Must be numeric 148 | gthan maybenum@[ >. ] maybenum@:[ *./@:<: 'num' vV ] Must be greater or equal than %s 149 | ) 150 | 151 | TYPES =: DYNTYPES NB. default is dynamic, as not all types may be shaddowed by STRICT 152 | 153 | 154 | wd2=: 3 : 'wd y' NB. bug workaround 155 | typeparser =: boxopen L:1@:(> L:1)@:([: (4 : 0)/ '&'&cut) 156 | (}: , (}. y),~ [:< ({. y) ,~&< {:) ;: >x 157 | ) 158 | typeparser =: (<<,'&') -.~ each (^:(1 < L.)^:_ i NB.'&' cut > i 165 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 166 | if. 1 < # d do. o =. ((0 Y d) (1 Y b) eval ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) ]) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. 167 | else. o =. (1 Y b) eval ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. end. end. 168 | 1 : ('u hook (', o f. lrA , ' ) ') 169 | ) 170 | 171 | NB. like c but returns true hook. so if monad add @:]. Raw uncoerced input is x param 172 | cD =: 1 : 0 173 | a =. typeparser m 174 | o =. ] 175 | for_i. a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i NB.'&' cut > i 176 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 177 | if. 1 < # d do. o =. ((0 Y d) (1 Y b) eval ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) ]) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. 178 | else. o =. (1 Y b) eval ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. end. end. 179 | 1 : ('u (', o f. lrA , ' ) ') 180 | ) 181 | NB. like vm, but doesn't work yet. returns error if coerce error per item. 182 | cm =: 1 : 0 183 | a =. typeparser m 184 | o =. ] 185 | for_i. a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i NB.'&' cut > i 186 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 187 | e =. (3 Y b) sprintf {. d 188 | if. 1 < # d do. 189 | o =. ((0 Y d) (1 Y b) eval ^: (-. M ((2 Y b) eval)) ]) mkerr2 e @:o f. 190 | else. o =. (1 Y b) eval ^: (-. M ((2 Y b) eval)) mkerr2 e @:o f. end. end. 191 | 1 : ('u hook (', o f. lrA , ' ) ') 192 | ) 193 | NB. conjunction version uses v to either make side effect (pD or log) or preprocess y. v is monadic 194 | cC =: 2 : 0 195 | a =. typeparser m 196 | o =. ] 197 | for_i. a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i 198 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 199 | if. 1 < # d do. o =. ( (0 Y d) ((1 Y b) eval v) ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) ]) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. 200 | else. o =. (1 Y b) eval hook v ^: (-.@:((2 Y b) eval)) :: ((3 Y b)"_) @:o f. end. end. 201 | 1 : ('u hook (', o f. lrA , ' ) ') 202 | ) 203 | 204 | NB. posts to screen when coercion is applied. 205 | NB. first alternate shows simple presented data 206 | NB. second alternative shows lr (type and shape) of data. NB. comment 2nd to use first 207 | cp =: cC (('COERCE: ' pD@:, ":) sfX) 208 | cp =: cC (('COERCE: ' pD@:, lr) sfX) 209 | 210 | v =: 1 : 0 211 | a =. typeparser m 212 | o =. ] 213 | for_i. boxopen a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i 214 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 215 | if. 1 < # d do. e =. (3 Y b) sprintf {. d 216 | o =. (e assert sfX (0 Y d) (2 Y b) eval :: 0: ]) sfX @:o f. 217 | else. o =. ((3 Y b) assert sfX (2 Y b) eval :: 0:) sfX @:o f. end. end. 218 | 1 : ('u [ (', o f. lrA , ')') 219 | ) 220 | 221 | NB. more simply returns boolean value based on whether or not type test passed 222 | vb =: 1 : 0 223 | a =. typeparser m 224 | o =. 1: 225 | for_i. boxopen a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i NB. '&' cut > i 226 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 227 | if. 1 < # d do. o =. ( (0 Y d) (2 Y b) eval ]) :: 0: , o f. 228 | else. o =. ( (2 Y b) eval) :: 0: @:] , o f. end. end. 229 | 1 : ('u [: *./ every (', o f. each lrA , ' )' ) 230 | ) 231 | 232 | ceach =: 4 : '] x c y' each 233 | veach =: 4 : '] x v y' each 234 | ERROR =: 0 1 0 $ _ 235 | NB. M =: 1 : 'u`(]`(u hook (;@:linearize@:}.@:]))@.((,.0) -: 0 Y))@.(1 = L.@:])' NB. handles maybe error chains. 236 | isErr =: ((< ERROR) -: {.@{.@:]) 237 | M =: `](@.isErr) NB. double {. to cover case of list of errors 238 | mkerr2 =: 2 : '(n ;~ ,.@_9:)`1:@.u :: ((13!:11 ; 13!:12)@:(''''"_))' 239 | mkerr2 =: 2 : '(n ;~ ERROR"_)`1:@.u :: ((ERROR ; 13!:11 ; 13!:12)@:(''''"_))' 240 | NB. (0 <]) mkerr2 'not gthan 0' _4 241 | vm =: 1 : 0 242 | a =. typeparser m 243 | o =. 1: 244 | for_i. boxopen a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i 245 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 246 | if. 1 < # d do. e =. (3 Y b) sprintf {. d 247 | o =. ( (0 Y d) (2 Y b) eval mkerr2 e ])@:] ; o f. 248 | else. o =. ( (2 Y b) eval mkerr2 (3 Y b))@:] ; o f. end. end. 249 | NB.1 : ('u ]`[@.(1-:])chkerrA (', o f. lrA , ')') 250 | 1 : ('( [: linearize@:> (<1) -.~ (', o f. lrA , '))`u@.( 1 -: [: *./ 1 -: every (', o f. lrA , '))') 251 | ) 252 | 253 | iv =: 1 : 0 NB. gives input box to correct validation err if fail. 254 | a =. typeparser m 255 | o =. ] 256 | for_i. boxopen a do. d =. linearize >^:(1 < L.)^:_ i 257 | b=. ({~ ({: d) i.~ {."1) TYPES NB. index error means type not defined (misspelled?) in this locale. 258 | if. 1 < # d do. e =. (3 Y b) sprintf {. d 259 | o =. (] ( [: wd2'mb input text "' , (0 Y b) , '" "' , e ,'" *' , ":@:[)`[@.] (0 Y d) (2 Y b) eval :: 0: ]) @:o f. 260 | else. o =. (] ([: wd2 'mb input text "' , (0 Y b) , '" "' , (3 Y b) ,'" *' , ":@:[)`[@.] (2 Y b) eval :: 0:) @:o f. end. end. 261 | NB. else. o =. (] ([: wd2 'mb info " ' , (0 Y b) , '" "' , (3 Y b) ,' " '"_ )@:[^:-.@] (2 Y b) eval) @:o f. end. end. 262 | NB. pD o lrA 263 | 1 : ('u hook (', o f. lrA , ')') 264 | NB. o 265 | ) 266 | 267 | strict =: 3 : 0 '0 1&inrange' v 268 | NB. y is 0 or 1. sets dynamic 0 vs strict 1 types by updating table from DYNAMIC or STRICT 269 | NB. STRICTTYPES must include matching DYNTYPES (but not vis versa) 270 | if. y do. TYPES =: STRICTTYPES (] '}'a2v~ [ ; i.~&([: linearize {."1)) TYPES else. 271 | TYPES =: DYNTYPES (] '}'a2v~ [ ; i.~&([: linearize {."1)) TYPES end. 272 | ) 273 | 274 | t =: cp NB. shaddow mode to easily switch among type constraining/enabling behaviours. Either globally or within class that coinserts typesys 275 | cV =: 4 : '] x c y' 276 | vV =: 4 : '] x v y' 277 | ivV =: 4 : '] x iv y' 278 | tV =: 4 : '] x t y' 279 | ci =: [ cV ivV NB. verb that will first give input box check for failed validations, then coerce values. 280 | cpV =: 4 : '] x cp y' 281 | vbV =: 4 : '] x vb y' 282 | vbs =: 1 : 'u 1 : ''#~ m vb''' NB. double adverb is compatible with t. instead of coercing, filters valid items to function. 283 | off =: 1 : 'u 1 : '' hook ]''' NB. can be used to turn off type system. redefine any of c, cp, v, iv, vbs to off, and all code will/should work without type checks/actions 284 | vmV =: 4 : '] x vm y' 285 | 286 | iD =: ] : (] (4 : 0)~ '96 59&cut 2&count'cV [) 287 | 'cap headers' =. x 288 | 289 | if. 0 < # headers do. y =. headers ,:`,@.(1<#@$@]) <"1&.|:^:(0 = L.) y 290 | if. 0 < # cap do. y =. cap ,:&< y end. 291 | else. (> cap) ,:`,@.(1<#@$@]) ": y end. 292 | ) 293 | ipD=: ][pD@:iD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /typesys_test.ijs: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | MYDIR =: getpath_j_ '\/' rplc~ > (4!:4<'thisfile'){(4!:3) thisfile=:'' NB. boilerplate to set the working directory 2 | require MYDIR , 'typesys.ijs' 3 | 4 | 5 | coclass 'temperature' 6 | NB. example to modify type system with user types and functions. Assumes raw data is in Celcius 7 | coinsert 'typesys' 8 | 9 | NB. add to TYPES by copying this line in any other module 10 | TYPES =: TYPES_typesys_ , (9{a.) cut &> cutLF 0 : 0 11 | inCelcius toCelcius 1 4 8 e.~ 3!:0 Must be convertable to Celcius 12 | inFaren toFaren 0: Must be convertable to Farenheit 13 | inFaren2 toFaren2 0: Must be Celcius Number (use inCelcius first) 14 | ) 15 | NB. converts strings to Celcius depending on F or K 16 | 17 | toCelcius =: ( 3 : 0 ) (^: (2 = 3!:0)) 18 | NB. if. (2 = 3!:0) y do. num =. 0 ". '1234567890.' (] -. -.~) y else. y return. end. 19 | num =. 0 ". '_1234567890.' (] -. -.~) y select. linearize 'fk' I.@:e. tolower y case. 0 do. x: inv 5r9 * num - 32 case. 1 do. num - 273.15 case. do. num end. 20 | ) 21 | NB. bug with hook and multiline explicit expressions (bug with ending ')') 22 | toCelcius =: ( 3 : 'num =. 0 ". ''_1234567890.'' (] -. -.~) y select. linearize ''fk'' I.@:e. tolower y case. 0 do. x: inv 5r9 * num - 32 case. 1 do. num - 273.15 case. do. num end.' ) (^: (2 = 3!:0))"1 23 | 24 | NB. must convert text and numbers to Farenheit. Raw number assumed to be C. So this always coerces, and fails validation 25 | toFaren =: 3 : 'if. (2 = 3!:0) y do. num =. 0 ". ''_1234567890.'' (] -. -.~) y else. x: inv 32 + 9r5 * y return. end. select. linearize ''fk'' I.@:e. tolower y case. 0 do. num case. 1 do. x: inv 32 + 9r5 * num - 273.15 case. do. x: inv 32 + 9r5 * num end.'"1 26 | toFaren2 =: ([: x: inv 32 + 9r5 * ])"0 NB. simpler if data already coerced to celcius 27 | 28 | cocurrent 'base' 29 | coinsert 'typesys' 30 | 31 | NB. extra sample 32 | PolyAppend =: ([ , (('num';'str') {::~ 2 = 3!:0) cV Fxhy ]) NB. coerces left argument to match type of right arg so that , works as in ruby/python. 33 | NB. 'as ' PolyAppend 3 34 | NB. 2 PolyAppend '3' 35 | 36 | SCRAPEDATA =: ({. , [: < [: ;: inv }. )@:;: &> cutLF 0 : 0 37 | Montreal 4 Celcius 38 | Paris 12 39 | NYC 44F 40 | Miami 77 Far 41 | ISS 6 K 42 | Moon 111 moonK 43 | ) 44 | NB. function with type anotation: takes 2 item items, with one string, and one Farenheit temperature. Makes sure to fail if not 2 items per item 45 | testf =: [: 3 : 0 ( 'str';'inCelcius inFaren2') cV_temperature_ each '2&count' v_temperature_ "1 ] 46 | pD ] y 47 | 'average temp: ' , ": (+/%#) 1 Y"1 y 48 | ) 49 | 50 | test =: 'no test crashed' [ [: pD@:".@:(pD@:(' ', ":) sfX) each 0 : 0 cutLF@:[ ] 51 | +: 'num' v 'num 2&count' t '123 44 55' 52 | 3 +'int 3>han 8<han' t '4 5 18 2' 53 | 2 +'int 3>han' ([ tV ivV) 4 5.3 8 2 54 | 2 + 'intR 3>han' ci 'int' c '4 5.6 8 11' 55 | +: 'num' v '2&count' t 'num' c each '123';123 44 55 56 | +: 'num' v 'num 2&count' cp each '123';123 44 55 57 | ('num';'2&count') cV each '123';'abc' NB. independent validations for independent parameters 58 | 'num' cV"1 0 '12344' 59 | +: 'num' t"0 '12344' 60 | ] 'num 2>han 't every 3;'4' 61 | strict_typesys_ 1 NB. strict 1 (no localization) would change type strictness in just this (base) locale 62 | ] 'num 2>han 't each 3;'4' 63 | strict_typesys_ 0 NB. 64 | 2 ('num'vV PolyAppend)/ '345 234 3' 65 | ] 'int 2>han' vb '6' ; 3 ;1 ;2 ;4 ;5.3 NB. vb applies each automatically returns open boolean list 66 | #~ 'num 2>han' vb '6' ; 3 6;1 2 ;4 5.3 NB. all types must match for vb to return 1 67 | +: 'int 2>han' vbs 'int' c 3 1 2 4 5.6 NB. int is flakey in that if there is one float in unboxed list, they are all floats. vbs is vbwith selection applied to another verb. identical pattern with other type processors. 68 | +: 'int 2>han' off 'int' off 3 1 2 4 5.6 NB. all type processors are compatible and can be turned (replaced by) off 69 | ) 70 | 71 | testC =: 'no test crashed' [ [: pD@:".@:(pD@:(' ', ":) sfX) each 0 : 0 cutLF@:[ ] 72 | +/ ] 'inCelcius' t_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F';'7K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' 73 | +/ 'str&unboxed inCelcius' t_temperature_ 44 ;'99F';'7 K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' NB. efficiency due to fewer coerce passes. 74 | +/ (< 'inCelcius') cV_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F';'7K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' 75 | 2 +/ ('inCelcius') t_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F';'7K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' 76 | +/ (< 'inCelcius') ci_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F' 77 | ] ('inCelcius inFaren') t_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F';'7 K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' NB. convert to C then to F 78 | +/ :: ('was not all numeric'"_)@:pD 'num&unboxed 't_temperature_ '44','44C','99F','7 K',' _20 Faren.',:'300 Kel.' 79 | ] ('inFaren') c_temperature_ &> 44 ;'99F';'7 K'; ' _20 Faren.'; '300 Kel.' 80 | +/ 'num&unboxed inFaren2' t_temperature_ '1';4;'sdf' 81 | +/ ('inCelcius inFaren') t_temperature_ '44', '44C' ,'99F','7 K', ' _20 Faren.',: '300 Kel.' NB. if not boxed, then direct verb possible. (otherwise each affects passed verb) 82 | testf SCRAPEDATA 83 | ) 84 | 85 | mkerr_z_=: (((1 1$0)&boxeach)@:) ( :: ((13!:11 ; 13!:12)@:(''"_))) 86 | mkerr_z_=: :: ((ERROR ; 13!:11 ; 13!:12)@:(''"_)) 87 | chkerrA_z_ =: (hook ;)(hook }.)(^:((1 1$0) -: >@{.@:])) 88 | chkerrA_z_ =: `](@.((< ERROR) -: {.@:])) 89 | 90 | vmtest =: 'no test crashed' [ [: pD@:".@:(pD@:(' ', ":) sfX) each 0 : 0 cutLF@:[ ] 91 | ( 2 + mkerr 4) NB. mkerr creates a maybe value (,. 0) if no error 92 | ( a: + mkerr 4) NB. left value not ,. 0 is an error, with right value error text 93 | +: chkerrA ( a: + mkerr 4) NB. chkerrA (adverb) either returns the previous error 94 | +: chkerrA ( 2 + mkerr 4) NB. or u parameter computes the value. 95 | 4 + M +: chkerrA ( a: + mkerr 4) NB. M is like chkerrA, but also accepts raw data (in addition to Maybe structures) 96 | 4 + M +: chkerrA ( 2 + mkerr 4) 97 | +: 'int 0>han' vm i: 3 NB. vm returns "maybes" or results 98 | +: 'int 0>han' vm i. 3 99 | '5' ('num'&cpV +M Fxhy 'int 0>han _1 3&inrange'&vmV) each i: 4 NB. call with each to get boxes of results and errors 100 | +: M each (5 +M 'int 0>han _1 3&inrange'&vmV) each i: 4 NB. M allows chaining to other functions. 101 | (5 +M 'int 0>han'&vmV) each (;/ _5.1 5.1) , ;/ i: 3 NB. failure of int 102 | +: M each (5 + mkerr 'int 0>han _1 3&inrange'&cpV) each i: 4 NB. cp can't deal with range coercion (not implemented). so mkerr can be used to safely pass results that may include domain errors. 103 | ) 104 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------