├── screenshot.png ├── screenshot-2.png ├── qml.qrc ├── README.md ├── TrafficLightClass.cpp ├── TrafficLightClass.h ├── TrafficLightQmlControlButtons.qml ├── main.cpp ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── TrafficLightQml.qml ├── main.qml └── LICENSE /screenshot.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RaymiiOrg/qml-cpp-integration-example/master/screenshot.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /screenshot-2.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RaymiiOrg/qml-cpp-integration-example/master/screenshot-2.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /qml.qrc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | main.qml 4 | TrafficLightQml.qml 5 | TrafficLightQmlControlButtons.qml 6 | 7 | 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # QML Traffic Light example to show how to expose C++ classes to QML 2 | 3 | ![screenshot](screenshot.png) 4 | 5 | ![screenshot2](screenshot-2.png) 6 | 7 | In this article I'm going to discuss the different ways to expose a C++ class 8 | to QML. QML is a markup language (part of the QT framework) like HTML/CSS, 9 | with inline JavaScript that can interact with the C++ code of your 10 | (QT) application. There are multiple ways to expose a C++ class to QML, each 11 | with their own benefits and quirks. This guide will cover three integration 12 | methods, `qmlRegisterSingletonType<>`, `rootContext->setContextProperty()` 13 | and `qmlRegisterType<>`. We'll end off with a simple benchmark showing the 14 | difference in startup times between the first two. 15 | 16 | Please read the article on my website: https://raymii.org/s/articles/Qt_QML_Integrate_Cpp_with_QML_and_why_ContextProperties_are_bad.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TrafficLightClass.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 2 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 3 | */ 4 | 5 | #include "TrafficLightClass.h" 6 | 7 | #include 8 | 9 | TrafficLightClass::TrafficLightClass(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent) 10 | { 11 | 12 | } 13 | 14 | void TrafficLightClass::setLamp(LampState newLampState) 15 | { 16 | if(_lampState != newLampState) { 17 | _lampState = newLampState; 18 | emit lampChanged(); 19 | } 20 | } 21 | 22 | void TrafficLightClass::setPowerState(bool newPowerState) 23 | { 24 | if (getPowerState() != newPowerState) { 25 | if (getPowerState()) { 26 | setLamp(LampState::Off); 27 | } else { 28 | setLamp(LampState::Red); 29 | } 30 | emit powerStateChanged(); 31 | } 32 | } 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | void TrafficLightClass::nextLamp() 37 | { 38 | switch(_lampState) { 39 | case LampState::Red: 40 | setLamp(LampState::Green); 41 | break; 42 | case LampState::Green: 43 | setLamp(LampState::Orange); 44 | break; 45 | case LampState::Orange: 46 | setLamp(LampState::Red); 47 | break; 48 | } 49 | } 50 | 51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TrafficLightClass.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #ifndef TrafficLightClass_H 2 | #define TrafficLightClass_H 3 | 4 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 5 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 6 | */ 7 | 8 | #include 9 | 10 | /* This class is named TrafficLightClass to make the difference 11 | * between the C++ side and the QML side clear */ 12 | 13 | class TrafficLightClass : public QObject 14 | { 15 | Q_OBJECT 16 | Q_PROPERTY(LampState lamp READ getLamp NOTIFY lampChanged) 17 | Q_PROPERTY(bool powerState READ getPowerState WRITE setPowerState NOTIFY powerStateChanged) 18 | 19 | public: 20 | explicit TrafficLightClass(QObject *parent = nullptr); 21 | enum class LampState { 22 | Off, 23 | Red, 24 | Orange, 25 | Green, 26 | }; 27 | Q_ENUM(LampState); 28 | 29 | Q_INVOKABLE void nextLamp(); 30 | Q_INVOKABLE QString dbg() { return "dbg"; } 31 | 32 | Q_INVOKABLE LampState getLamp() { return _lampState; } 33 | bool getPowerState() { return _lampState != LampState::Off; } 34 | 35 | signals: 36 | void lampChanged(); 37 | void powerStateChanged(); 38 | 39 | public slots: 40 | void setPowerState(bool newPowerState); 41 | 42 | private: 43 | void setLamp(LampState newLamp); 44 | LampState _lampState = LampState::Off; 45 | }; 46 | 47 | #endif // TrafficLightClass_H 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TrafficLightQmlControlButtons.qml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 2 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 3 | */ 4 | 5 | import QtQuick 2.0 6 | import QtQuick.Controls 2.0 7 | 8 | /* This class is named TrafficLightQML to make the difference 9 | * between the QML side and the C++ side clear */ 10 | 11 | Item { 12 | id: trafficLightButtons 13 | // properties have an implicit signal when they change, 14 | // so we can handle onPowerStateChanged without 15 | // defining a signal ourself, just setting the property is 16 | // enough. 17 | property bool powerState: false 18 | signal nextLamp() 19 | 20 | Rectangle { 21 | anchors.fill: parent 22 | 23 | Button { 24 | id: nextButton 25 | anchors.top: parent.top 26 | anchors.left: parent.left 27 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 28 | width: parent.width * 0.8 29 | height: 20 30 | enabled: powerState 31 | text: "Next colour" 32 | onClicked: { nextLamp(); } 33 | } 34 | 35 | Button { 36 | id: onoffButton 37 | anchors.top: nextButton.bottom 38 | anchors.left: parent.left 39 | anchors.topMargin: 20 40 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 41 | width: parent.width * 0.8 42 | height: 20 43 | text: powerState ? "Off" : "On" 44 | onClicked: { powerState = !powerState } 45 | } 46 | } 47 | } 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /main.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 2 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 3 | */ 4 | 5 | #include "TrafficLightClass.h" 6 | 7 | #include 8 | #include 9 | #include 10 | #include 11 | #include 12 | 13 | 14 | int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 15 | { 16 | #if QT_VERSION < QT_VERSION_CHECK(6, 0, 0) 17 | QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_EnableHighDpiScaling); 18 | #endif 19 | 20 | std::cout << QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch() << std::endl; 21 | 22 | QGuiApplication app(argc, argv); 23 | 24 | QQmlApplicationEngine engine; 25 | 26 | // Singleton Example 27 | TrafficLightClass trafficLightSingleton; 28 | qmlRegisterSingletonType("org.raymii.RoadObjects", 1, 0, "TrafficLightSingleton", 29 | [&](QQmlEngine *, QJSEngine *) -> QObject * { 30 | return &trafficLightSingleton; 31 | }); 32 | 33 | 34 | // QML Type example 35 | qmlRegisterType("org.raymii.RoadObjectType", 1, 0, "TrafficLightType"); 36 | 37 | 38 | // rootContext->setContextProperty example 39 | TrafficLightClass trafficLightContext; 40 | engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("trafficLightContextProperty", &trafficLightContext); 41 | qmlRegisterUncreatableType("org.raymii.RoadObjectUncreatableType", 1, 0, "TrafficLightUncreatableType", "Only for enum access"); 42 | 43 | 44 | const QUrl url(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")); 45 | QObject::connect(&engine, &QQmlApplicationEngine::objectCreated, 46 | &app, [url](QObject *obj, const QUrl &objUrl) { 47 | if (!obj && url == objUrl) 48 | QCoreApplication::exit(-1); 49 | }, Qt::QueuedConnection); 50 | engine.load(url); 51 | 52 | return app.exec(); 53 | } 54 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CMakeLists.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14) 2 | 3 | project(exposeExample VERSION 0.1 LANGUAGES CXX) 4 | 5 | set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON) 6 | 7 | set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON) 8 | set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON) 9 | set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON) 10 | 11 | set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17) 12 | set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON) 13 | 14 | find_package(QT NAMES Qt6 Qt5 COMPONENTS Core Quick REQUIRED) 15 | find_package(Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} COMPONENTS Core Quick REQUIRED) 16 | 17 | set(PROJECT_SOURCES 18 | main.cpp 19 | qml.qrc 20 | TrafficLightClass.h 21 | TrafficLightClass.cpp 22 | ) 23 | 24 | if(${QT_VERSION_MAJOR} GREATER_EQUAL 6) 25 | qt_add_executable(exposeExample 26 | MANUAL_FINALIZATION 27 | ${PROJECT_SOURCES} 28 | ) 29 | # Define target properties for Android with Qt 6 as: 30 | # set_property(TARGET exposeExample APPEND PROPERTY QT_ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR 31 | # ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android) 32 | # For more information, see https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qt-add-executable.html#target-creation 33 | else() 34 | if(ANDROID) 35 | add_library(exposeExample SHARED 36 | ${PROJECT_SOURCES} 37 | ) 38 | # Define properties for Android with Qt 5 after find_package() calls as: 39 | # set(ANDROID_PACKAGE_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/android") 40 | else() 41 | add_executable(exposeExample 42 | ${PROJECT_SOURCES} 43 | ) 44 | find_package(Qt5QuickCompiler) 45 | qtquick_compiler_add_resources(RESOURCES qml.qrc) 46 | endif() 47 | endif() 48 | 49 | target_compile_definitions(exposeExample 50 | PRIVATE $<$,$>:QT_QML_DEBUG>) 51 | target_link_libraries(exposeExample 52 | PRIVATE Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::Core Qt${QT_VERSION_MAJOR}::Quick) 53 | 54 | if(QT_VERSION_MAJOR EQUAL 6) 55 | qt_import_qml_plugins(exposeExample) 56 | qt_finalize_executable(exposeExample) 57 | endif() 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TrafficLightQml.qml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 2 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 3 | */ 4 | 5 | import QtQuick 2.0 6 | import QtQuick.Controls 2.0 7 | 8 | /* This class is named TrafficLightQML to make the difference 9 | * between the QML side and the C++ side clear */ 10 | 11 | Item { 12 | property bool redActive: false 13 | property bool orangeActive: false 14 | property bool greenActive: false 15 | 16 | readonly property int circleRadius: 180 17 | 18 | Rectangle { 19 | id: background 20 | width: parent.width * 0.8 21 | height: parent.height * 0.8 22 | color: "#202020" 23 | radius: 5 24 | 25 | Rectangle { 26 | id: red 27 | radius: circleRadius 28 | width: parent.width * 0.8 29 | height: width 30 | color: "#ff0000" 31 | anchors.top: parent.top 32 | anchors.left: parent.left 33 | anchors.topMargin: parent.width * 0.1 34 | anchors.leftMargin: parent.width * 0.1 35 | opacity: redActive ? 1 : 0.2 36 | } 37 | 38 | Rectangle { 39 | id: orange 40 | radius: circleRadius 41 | width: parent.width * 0.8 42 | height: width 43 | color: "#ffa500" 44 | anchors.top: red.bottom 45 | anchors.left: parent.left 46 | anchors.topMargin: parent.width * 0.1 47 | anchors.leftMargin: parent.width * 0.1 48 | opacity: orangeActive ? 1 : 0.2 49 | } 50 | 51 | Rectangle { 52 | id: green 53 | radius: circleRadius 54 | width: parent.width * 0.8 55 | height: width 56 | color: "#32cd32" 57 | anchors.top: orange.bottom 58 | anchors.left: parent.left 59 | anchors.topMargin: parent.width * 0.1 60 | anchors.leftMargin: parent.width * 0.1 61 | opacity: greenActive ? 1 : 0.2 62 | } 63 | } 64 | } 65 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /main.qml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* Author: Remy van Elst, https://raymii.org 2 | * License: GNU AGPLv3 3 | */ 4 | 5 | import QtQuick 2.15 6 | import QtQuick.Window 2.15 7 | import QtQuick.Controls 2.0 8 | import QtQuick.Layouts 1.0 9 | // For the singleton instance 10 | import org.raymii.RoadObjects 1.0 11 | // For setContextProperty instance, but only for the Enum access 12 | import org.raymii.RoadObjectUncreatableType 1.0 13 | //// For the instance registered with RegisterType 14 | import org.raymii.RoadObjectType 1.0 15 | 16 | ApplicationWindow { 17 | width: 650 18 | height: 480 19 | visible: true 20 | title: qsTr("C++ Expose example, QMLRegisterSingleton vs setContextProperty") 21 | 22 | QtObject{ 23 | id: internals 24 | readonly property string helpText: "C++ Qt/Qml example by [raymii.org](https://raymii.org). 25 | 26 | Shows different methods to expose C++ classes to QML: 27 | - `qmlRegisterSingleton<>` (one instance of thing) 28 | - `rootContext->setContextProperty()` (one instance of thing) 29 | - `qmlRegisterType<>` (many instances of thing) 30 | 31 | License: GNU AGPLv3 32 | " 33 | } 34 | 35 | RowLayout { 36 | id: rowLayout 37 | spacing: 5 38 | 39 | Rectangle { 40 | id: singletonInstance 41 | width: 150 42 | height: 250 43 | Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignLeft | Qt.AlignTop 44 | Layout.leftMargin: 5 45 | 46 | Text { 47 | id: singletonText 48 | width: parent.width 49 | height: 20 50 | anchors.top: parent.top 51 | anchors.left: parent.left 52 | anchors.topMargin: 5 53 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 54 | horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter 55 | text: "qmlRegisterSingleton<>" 56 | fontSizeMode: Text.Fit 57 | wrapMode: Text.WordWrap 58 | } 59 | 60 | TrafficLightQml { 61 | id: trlSingleton 62 | width: 50 63 | height: 140 64 | anchors.top: singletonText.bottom 65 | anchors.left: parent.left 66 | anchors.topMargin: 5 67 | anchors.leftMargin: 50 68 | redActive: TrafficLightSingleton.lamp === TrafficLightSingleton.Red; 69 | orangeActive: TrafficLightSingleton.lamp === TrafficLightSingleton.Orange; 70 | greenActive: TrafficLightSingleton.lamp === TrafficLightSingleton.Green; 71 | } 72 | 73 | TrafficLightQmlControlButtons { 74 | id: trlSingletonControls 75 | anchors.top: trlSingleton.bottom 76 | anchors.left: parent.left 77 | anchors.topMargin: 5 78 | width: parent.width 79 | height: 60 80 | 81 | onPowerStateChanged: { TrafficLightSingleton.setPowerState(!TrafficLightSingleton.powerState); } 82 | onNextLamp: { TrafficLightSingleton.nextLamp(); } 83 | } 84 | } 85 | 86 | Rectangle { 87 | id: contextPropertyInstance 88 | width: 150 89 | height: 250 90 | Layout.alignment: Qt.AlignLeft | Qt.AlignTop 91 | 92 | Text { 93 | id: contextPropertyInstanceText 94 | width: parent.width 95 | height: 20 96 | anchors.top: parent.top 97 | anchors.left: parent.left 98 | anchors.topMargin: 5 99 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 100 | horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter 101 | text: "setContextProperty" 102 | fontSizeMode: Text.Fit 103 | wrapMode: Text.WordWrap 104 | } 105 | 106 | TrafficLightQml { 107 | id: trlContextProperty 108 | width: 50 109 | height: 140 110 | anchors.top: contextPropertyInstanceText.bottom 111 | anchors.left: parent.left 112 | anchors.topMargin: 5 113 | anchors.leftMargin: 50 114 | redActive: trafficLightContextProperty.lamp === TrafficLightUncreatableType.Red 115 | orangeActive: trafficLightContextProperty.lamp === TrafficLightUncreatableType.Orange 116 | greenActive: trafficLightContextProperty.lamp === TrafficLightUncreatableType.Green 117 | } 118 | 119 | TrafficLightQmlControlButtons { 120 | id: trlContextPropertyControls 121 | anchors.top: trlContextProperty.bottom 122 | anchors.left: parent.left 123 | anchors.topMargin: 5 124 | width: parent.width 125 | height: 60 126 | onPowerStateChanged: { trafficLightContextProperty.setPowerState(!trafficLightContextProperty.powerState); } 127 | onNextLamp: { trafficLightContextProperty.nextLamp(); } 128 | } 129 | } 130 | 131 | 132 | Rectangle { 133 | id: typeInstance1 134 | width: 150 135 | height: 250 136 | Layout.alignment : Qt.AlignLeft | Qt.AlignTop 137 | 138 | TrafficLightType { 139 | id: trafficLightTypeInstance1 140 | } 141 | 142 | Text { 143 | id: typeText1 144 | width: parent.width 145 | height: 20 146 | anchors.top: parent.top 147 | anchors.left: parent.left 148 | anchors.topMargin: 5 149 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 150 | horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter 151 | text: "qmlRegisterType<> 152 | instance #1" 153 | fontSizeMode: Text.Fit 154 | font.pointSize: 10 155 | minimumPointSize: 6 156 | wrapMode: Text.WordWrap 157 | } 158 | 159 | TrafficLightQml { 160 | id: trltype1 161 | width: 50 162 | height: 140 163 | anchors.top: typeText1.bottom 164 | anchors.left: parent.left 165 | anchors.topMargin: 5 166 | anchors.leftMargin: 50 167 | redActive: trafficLightTypeInstance1.lamp === TrafficLightType.Red; 168 | orangeActive: trafficLightTypeInstance1.lamp === TrafficLightType.Orange; 169 | greenActive: trafficLightTypeInstance1.lamp === TrafficLightType.Green; 170 | } 171 | 172 | TrafficLightQmlControlButtons { 173 | id: trltype1Controls 174 | anchors.top: trltype1.bottom 175 | anchors.left: parent.left 176 | anchors.topMargin: 5 177 | width: parent.width 178 | height: 60 179 | 180 | onPowerStateChanged: { trafficLightTypeInstance1.setPowerState(!trafficLightTypeInstance1.powerState); } 181 | onNextLamp: { trafficLightTypeInstance1.nextLamp(); } 182 | } 183 | } 184 | 185 | Rectangle { 186 | id: typeInstance2 187 | width: 150 188 | height: 250 189 | Layout.alignment : Qt.AlignLeft | Qt.AlignTop 190 | 191 | TrafficLightType { 192 | id: trafficLightTypeInstance2 193 | } 194 | 195 | Text { 196 | id: typeText2 197 | width: parent.width 198 | height: 20 199 | anchors.top: parent.top 200 | anchors.left: parent.left 201 | anchors.topMargin: 5 202 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 203 | horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignHCenter 204 | text: "qmlRegisterType<> 205 | instance #2" 206 | font.pointSize: 10 207 | minimumPointSize: 6 208 | fontSizeMode: Text.Fit 209 | wrapMode: Text.WordWrap 210 | } 211 | 212 | TrafficLightQml { 213 | id: trltype2 214 | width: 50 215 | height: 140 216 | anchors.top: typeText2.bottom 217 | anchors.left: parent.left 218 | anchors.topMargin: 5 219 | anchors.leftMargin: 50 220 | redActive: trafficLightTypeInstance2.lamp === TrafficLightType.Red; 221 | orangeActive: trafficLightTypeInstance2.lamp === TrafficLightType.Orange; 222 | greenActive: trafficLightTypeInstance2.lamp === TrafficLightType.Green; 223 | } 224 | 225 | TrafficLightQmlControlButtons { 226 | id: trltype2Controls 227 | anchors.top: trltype2.bottom 228 | anchors.left: parent.left 229 | anchors.topMargin: 5 230 | width: parent.width 231 | height: 60 232 | 233 | onPowerStateChanged: { trafficLightTypeInstance2.setPowerState(!trafficLightTypeInstance2.powerState); } 234 | onNextLamp: { trafficLightTypeInstance2.nextLamp(); } 235 | } 236 | } 237 | 238 | } 239 | 240 | Button { 241 | id: exitButton 242 | anchors.top: rowLayout.bottom 243 | anchors.left: parent.left 244 | anchors.topMargin: 20 245 | anchors.leftMargin: 5 246 | width: 150 247 | height: 20 248 | text: "Exit" 249 | onClicked: { 250 | Qt.callLater(Qt.quit); 251 | } 252 | } 253 | 254 | 255 | Text { 256 | width: 150 257 | height: 60 258 | anchors.top: exitButton.bottom 259 | anchors.left: parent.left 260 | anchors.topMargin: 20 261 | anchors.leftMargin: 5 262 | anchors.horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter 263 | horizontalAlignment: Text.AlignLeft 264 | textFormat: TextEdit.MarkdownText 265 | text: internals.helpText 266 | fontSizeMode: Text.Fit 267 | wrapMode: Text.WordWrap 268 | } 269 | 270 | Component.onCompleted: { 271 | console.log(Date.now()) 272 | // Qt.callLater(Qt.quit); 273 | } 274 | } 275 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 19 November 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is 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Patents. 460 | 461 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 462 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 463 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 464 | 465 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 466 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 467 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 468 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 469 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 470 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. 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Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License. 541 | 542 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the 543 | Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users 544 | interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version 545 | supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding 546 | Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source 547 | from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary 548 | means of facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source 549 | shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 550 | of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the 551 | following paragraph. 552 | 553 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 554 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 555 | under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single 556 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 557 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 558 | but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version 559 | 3 of the GNU General Public License. 560 | 561 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 562 | 563 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 564 | the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions 565 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 566 | address new problems or concerns. 567 | 568 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 569 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General 570 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 571 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 572 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 573 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 574 | GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 575 | by the Free Software Foundation. 576 | 577 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 578 | versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's 579 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 580 | to choose that version for the Program. 581 | 582 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 583 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 584 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 585 | later version. 586 | 587 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 588 | 589 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 590 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 591 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 592 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 593 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 594 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 595 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 596 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 597 | 598 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 599 | 600 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 601 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 602 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 603 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 604 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 605 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 606 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 607 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 608 | SUCH DAMAGES. 609 | 610 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 611 | 612 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 613 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 614 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 615 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 616 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 617 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 618 | 619 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 620 | 621 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 622 | 623 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 624 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 625 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 626 | 627 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 628 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 629 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 630 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 631 | 632 | 633 | Copyright (C) 634 | 635 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 636 | it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published 637 | by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 638 | (at your option) any later version. 639 | 640 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 641 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 642 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 643 | GNU Affero General Public License for more details. 644 | 645 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License 646 | along with this program. If not, see . 647 | 648 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 649 | 650 | If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer 651 | network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to 652 | get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its 653 | interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive 654 | of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different 655 | solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the 656 | specific requirements. 657 | 658 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 659 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 660 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see 661 | . 662 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------