├── .gitignore ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── api.py ├── attnvis.gif ├── client ├── index.html ├── styles.css └── tools..js ├── environment.yml └── server.py /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .DS_Store 2 | .vscode 3 | 4 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 5 | __pycache__/ 6 | *.py[cod] 7 | *$py.class 8 | 9 | # C extensions 10 | *.so 11 | 12 | # Distribution / packaging 13 | .Python 14 | build/ 15 | develop-eggs/ 16 | dist/ 17 | downloads/ 18 | eggs/ 19 | .eggs/ 20 | lib/ 21 | lib64/ 22 | parts/ 23 | sdist/ 24 | var/ 25 | wheels/ 26 | pip-wheel-metadata/ 27 | share/python-wheels/ 28 | *.egg-info/ 29 | .installed.cfg 30 | *.egg 31 | MANIFEST 32 | 33 | # PyInstaller 34 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 35 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 36 | *.manifest 37 | *.spec 38 | 39 | # Installer logs 40 | pip-log.txt 41 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 42 | 43 | # Unit test / coverage reports 44 | htmlcov/ 45 | .tox/ 46 | .nox/ 47 | .coverage 48 | .coverage.* 49 | .cache 50 | nosetests.xml 51 | coverage.xml 52 | *.cover 53 | *.py,cover 54 | .hypothesis/ 55 | .pytest_cache/ 56 | 57 | # Translations 58 | *.mo 59 | *.pot 60 | 61 | # Django stuff: 62 | *.log 63 | local_settings.py 64 | db.sqlite3 65 | db.sqlite3-journal 66 | 67 | # Flask stuff: 68 | instance/ 69 | .webassets-cache 70 | 71 | # Scrapy stuff: 72 | .scrapy 73 | 74 | # Sphinx documentation 75 | docs/_build/ 76 | 77 | # PyBuilder 78 | target/ 79 | 80 | # Jupyter Notebook 81 | .ipynb_checkpoints 82 | 83 | # IPython 84 | profile_default/ 85 | ipython_config.py 86 | 87 | # pyenv 88 | .python-version 89 | 90 | # pipenv 91 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 92 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 93 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 94 | # install all needed dependencies. 95 | #Pipfile.lock 96 | 97 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow 98 | __pypackages__/ 99 | 100 | # Celery stuff 101 | celerybeat-schedule 102 | celerybeat.pid 103 | 104 | # SageMath parsed files 105 | *.sage.py 106 | 107 | # Environments 108 | .env 109 | .venv 110 | env/ 111 | venv/ 112 | ENV/ 113 | env.bak/ 114 | venv.bak/ 115 | 116 | # Spyder project settings 117 | .spyderproject 118 | .spyproject 119 | 120 | # Rope project settings 121 | .ropeproject 122 | 123 | # mkdocs documentation 124 | /site 125 | 126 | # mypy 127 | .mypy_cache/ 128 | .dmypy.json 129 | dmypy.json 130 | 131 | # Pyre type checker 132 | .pyre/ 133 | .idea 134 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Interactive Attention Visualization 2 | 3 | A small example of an interactive visualization for attention values 4 | as being used by transformer language models like GPT2 and BERT. 5 | 6 | by [Hendrik Strobelt](http://hendrik.strobelt.com) and [Sebastian Gehrmann](https://scholar.harvard.edu/gehrmann/home) 7 | for the [SIDN IAP class at MIT](http://sidn.csail.mit.edu), Jan 2020 8 | 9 | 10 |

11 | 12 |

13 | 14 | ## Preparation 15 | - Install Anaconda or [Miniconda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html) 16 | - run `conda env create -f environment.yml` to create a new environment called `attnvis` 17 | 18 | ## Running the demo 19 | - activate conda environment: `conda activate attnvis` 20 | - run server: `python server.py` 21 | - visit [http://localhost:8888/](http://localhost:8888/) 22 | 23 | ## Structure 24 | ```text 25 | api.py -- contains the interface to the pytorch/huggingface backend 26 | server.py -- defines a REST interface for the api.py calls 27 | 28 | client/* -- contains all client files 29 | client/index.html -- main file including JS code 30 | client/styles.css -- all CSS styles defined in here 31 | client/tools.js -- helper functions 32 | ``` 33 | 34 | ## Libraries used 35 | - [Huggingface pytorch transformer](https://huggingface.co/) for models 36 | - [Flask Python](http://flask.palletsprojects.com/) for REST interface 37 | - [D3js](https://d3js.org/) for javascript DOM manipulation 38 | 39 | ## Thanks 40 | Thanks to [Ben Hoover](https://github.com/bhoov/exbert) and [David Bau](https://people.csail.mit.edu/davidbau/home/) for testing the code. Supported by [MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab](https://mitibmwatsonailab.mit.edu/). 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /api.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import torch 2 | from transformers import ( 3 | AutoTokenizer, 4 | AutoModel, 5 | ) 6 | 7 | 8 | class AttentionGetter: 9 | ''' 10 | Wrapper Class to store model object. 11 | ''' 12 | def __init__(self, model_name: str): 13 | ''' 14 | Each model has an associated tokenizer object. 15 | Load both. 16 | ''' 17 | super().__init__() 18 | self.device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu") 19 | self.model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name, output_attentions=True).to( 20 | self.device 21 | ) 22 | self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name) 23 | 24 | def _grab_attn(self, context): 25 | ''' 26 | function to get the attention for a model. 27 | First runs a forward pass and then extracts and formats attn. 28 | ''' 29 | output = self.model(context) 30 | # Grab the attention from the output 31 | # Format as Layer x Head x From x To 32 | attn = torch.cat([l for l in output[-1]], dim=0) 33 | format_attn = [ 34 | [ 35 | [[str(round(att * 100)) for att in head] for head in layer] 36 | for layer in tok 37 | ] 38 | for tok in attn.cpu().tolist() 39 | ] 40 | return format_attn 41 | 42 | def gpt_analyze_text(self, text: str): 43 | """ 44 | Works for GPT-2 Style Models 45 | """ 46 | # Run tokenizer 47 | toked = self.tokenizer.encode(text) 48 | # GPT-2 generates text after a || token. Add this: 49 | start_token = torch.full( 50 | (1, 1), self.tokenizer.bos_token_id, device=self.device, dtype=torch.long, 51 | ) 52 | # Concatenate the text and start token 53 | context = torch.tensor(toked, device=self.device, dtype=torch.long).unsqueeze(0) 54 | context = torch.cat([start_token, context], dim=1) 55 | # Extract attention 56 | attn = self._grab_attn(context) 57 | # Build payload 58 | return { 59 | "tokens": self.tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(context[0]), 60 | "attention": attn, 61 | } 62 | 63 | def bert_analyze_text(self, text: str): 64 | """ 65 | Works for BERT Style models 66 | """ 67 | # Tokenize 68 | toked = self.tokenizer.encode(text) 69 | # Build Tensor 70 | context = torch.tensor(toked).unsqueeze(0).long() 71 | # Extract Attention 72 | attn = self._grab_attn(context) 73 | # Build Payload 74 | return { 75 | "tokens": self.tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(toked), 76 | "attention": attn, 77 | } 78 | 79 | 80 | if __name__ == "__main__": 81 | model = AttentionGetter("gpt2") 82 | payload = model.gpt_analyze_text("This is a test.") 83 | print(payload) 84 | 85 | model = AttentionGetter("distilbert-base-uncased") 86 | payload = model.bert_analyze_text("This is a test.") 87 | print(payload) 88 | 89 | print("checking successful!") 90 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /attnvis.gif: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SIDN-IAP/attnvis/4b2fc770aa5c437124486725e881de7d479935cc/attnvis.gif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /client/index.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Minimal Attention VIS 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |

Minimal Attention Vis

23 |
24 | Select model: 28 |
29 | Enter a sentence: 30 | 32 | 33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
Results
37 |
38 | 39 |
40 |
Layers & Heads
41 |
42 | 43 |
44 | 45 |
46 | 47 |
48 | 49 | 50 |
51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | 291 | 292 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /client/styles.css: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /* simple styles */ 2 | body { 3 | /* background-color: #aaaaaa; */ 4 | padding: 10px; 5 | font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; 6 | } 7 | 8 | .header input { 9 | width: 300px; 10 | } 11 | 12 | .word { 13 | cursor: pointer; 14 | transition-property: background-color; 15 | transition-duration: 200ms; 16 | min-width: 15px; 17 | } 18 | 19 | .word:hover { 20 | outline: 2px solid lightblue; 21 | outline-offset: -2px; 22 | } 23 | 24 | .word.selected { 25 | outline: 1px dashed #404080; 26 | outline-offset: -1px; 27 | } 28 | 29 | .word.spaceLeft::before { 30 | content: ' '; 31 | } 32 | 33 | .word.newLine { 34 | display: block; 35 | } 36 | 37 | .btn { 38 | display: inline-block; 39 | background-color: lightgray; 40 | cursor: pointer; 41 | padding: 5px; 42 | } 43 | 44 | .btn:hover, .btn.selected { 45 | background-color: lightblue; 46 | /*color: white;*/ 47 | } 48 | 49 | .btn.btn_l { 50 | border-radius: 3px 0 0 3px; 51 | } 52 | 53 | .btn.btn_r { 54 | border-radius: 0 3px 3px 0; 55 | } 56 | 57 | .attBox { 58 | width: 20px; 59 | height: 10px; 60 | padding: 0; 61 | 62 | display: inline-block; 63 | pointer-events: none; 64 | } 65 | 66 | .attBox.selected { 67 | outline: 1px dashed #404080; 68 | outline-offset: -1px; 69 | pointer-events: none; 70 | } 71 | 72 | .head { 73 | white-space: nowrap; 74 | } 75 | 76 | .head.selected { 77 | background-color: lightblue; 78 | } 79 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /client/tools..js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | function token_cleanup(token) { 2 | if (currentModel.startsWith("gpt")) 3 | return token_cleanup_gpt(token); 4 | else 5 | return token_cleanup_bert(token); 6 | } 7 | 8 | function token_cleanup_bert(token) { 9 | let clean = token; 10 | let spaceLeft = true; 11 | if (token.startsWith('##')) { 12 | clean = clean.slice(2); 13 | spaceLeft = false; 14 | } 15 | 16 | return { 17 | token, 18 | clean, 19 | spaceLeft, 20 | newLine: false 21 | }; 22 | } 23 | 24 | function token_cleanup_gpt(token) { 25 | 26 | let clean = (token.startsWith('Ġ')) ? token.slice( 27 | 1) : ((token.startsWith( 28 | 'Ċ') || token.startsWith('â')) ? " " : token); 29 | // clean = (token.startsWith('â')) ? '–' : clean; 30 | // clean = (token.startsWith('ľ')) ? '“' : clean; 31 | // clean = (token.startsWith('Ŀ')) ? '”' : clean; 32 | // clean = (token.startsWith('Ļ')) ? "'" : clean; 33 | 34 | try { 35 | clean = decodeURIComponent(escape(clean)); 36 | } catch { 37 | console.log(token, '-- token is weird.'); 38 | } 39 | 40 | return { 41 | token, 42 | clean, 43 | spaceLeft: token.startsWith('Ġ'), 44 | newLine: token.startsWith('Ċ') 45 | }; 46 | } 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /environment.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: attnvis 2 | channels: 3 | - pytorch 4 | - conda-forge 5 | dependencies: 6 | - python=3.6 7 | - pytorch 8 | - nodejs 9 | - pip 10 | - flask 11 | - pip: 12 | - transformers 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /server.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import argparse 2 | import json 3 | import os 4 | 5 | from flask import Flask as Flask, send_from_directory, request, Response, \ 6 | redirect, url_for 7 | #### only needed for cross-origin requests: 8 | # from flask_cors import CORS 9 | from transformers import pipeline 10 | 11 | __author__ = 'Hendrik Strobelt, Sebastian Gehrmann, Ben Hoover' 12 | 13 | from api import AttentionGetter 14 | 15 | app = Flask(__name__) 16 | #### only needed for cross-origin requests: 17 | # CORS(app) 18 | 19 | # load huggingface model 20 | loaded_models = {} 21 | 22 | 23 | # redirect requests from root to index.html 24 | @app.route('/') 25 | def hello_world(): 26 | return redirect('client/index.html') 27 | 28 | 29 | # functional backend taking sentences as request and returning 30 | # sentiment direction and score as JSON result 31 | @app.route('/api/attn', methods=['POST']) 32 | def attn(): 33 | sentence = request.json['sentence'] 34 | model_name = request.json.get('model_name', 'gpt2') # type:str 35 | 36 | # lazy loading 37 | if model_name not in loaded_models: 38 | loaded_models[model_name] = AttentionGetter(model_name) 39 | 40 | model = loaded_models[model_name] 41 | 42 | if model_name.startswith('gpt'): 43 | results = model.gpt_analyze_text(sentence) 44 | else: 45 | results = model.bert_analyze_text(sentence) 46 | 47 | # return object with request (sentence, model_name) and results 48 | return json.dumps({ 49 | "request": {"sentence": sentence, 'model_name': model_name}, 50 | "results": results 51 | }) 52 | 53 | 54 | # just a simple example for GET request 55 | @app.route('/api/data/') 56 | def get_data(): 57 | options = request.args 58 | name = str(options.get("name", '')) 59 | y = int(options.get("y", 0)) 60 | 61 | res = { 62 | 'name': name, 63 | 'y': [10 * y] 64 | } 65 | json_res = json.dumps(res) 66 | return Response(json_res, mimetype='application/json') 67 | 68 | 69 | # send everything from client as static content 70 | @app.route('/client/') 71 | def send_static(path): 72 | """ serves all files from ./client/ to ``/client/`` 73 | :param path: path from api call 74 | """ 75 | return send_from_directory('client/', path) 76 | 77 | 78 | if __name__ == '__main__': 79 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() 80 | parser.add_argument("--nodebug", default=False) 81 | parser.add_argument("--port", default="8888") 82 | parser.add_argument("--host", default=None) 83 | args = parser.parse_args() 84 | 85 | print(args) 86 | 87 | app.run(host=args.host, port=int(args.port), debug=not args.nodebug) 88 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------