├── assets
    ├── ida_line.png
    ├── ida_writeup.png
    ├── windbg_poolhit.png
    ├── windbg_poolused.png
    └── windbg_stacktrace.png
├── leak
    ├── leak
    │   ├── leak.vcxproj.filters
    │   ├── leak.cpp
    │   ├── ntdll.h
    │   └── leak.vcxproj
    └── leak.sln
├── README.md
└── .gitignore


/assets/ida_line.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SamuelTulach/GetDeviceInterfacesMemoryLeak/HEAD/assets/ida_line.png


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/assets/ida_writeup.png:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SamuelTulach/GetDeviceInterfacesMemoryLeak/HEAD/assets/ida_writeup.png


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/assets/windbg_poolhit.png:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SamuelTulach/GetDeviceInterfacesMemoryLeak/HEAD/assets/windbg_poolhit.png


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/assets/windbg_poolused.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SamuelTulach/GetDeviceInterfacesMemoryLeak/HEAD/assets/windbg_poolused.png


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/assets/windbg_stacktrace.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SamuelTulach/GetDeviceInterfacesMemoryLeak/HEAD/assets/windbg_stacktrace.png


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/leak/leak/leak.vcxproj.filters:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 | <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 3 |   <ItemGroup>
 4 |     <Filter Include="Source">
 5 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
 6 |       <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
 7 |     </Filter>
 8 |   </ItemGroup>
 9 |   <ItemGroup>
10 |     <ClCompile Include="leak.cpp">
11 |       <Filter>Source</Filter>
12 |     </ClCompile>
13 |   </ItemGroup>
14 |   <ItemGroup>
15 |     <ClInclude Include="ntdll.h">
16 |       <Filter>Source</Filter>
17 |     </ClInclude>
18 |   </ItemGroup>
19 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # Memory leak in IopGetDeviceInterfaces
 2 | After few days of debugging my kernel-mode driver to figure out why hooking EFI runtime services function causes leak in paged memory, I noticed weird thing... It happens even without the driver loaded!
 3 | 
 4 | To figure out where it comes from, I started by looking which pool tag is being used. Quick look in WinDbg showed me that it's pool tag "Pp" that is constantly gaining size.
 5 | 
 6 | ![screenshot0](assets/windbg_poolused.png)
 7 | 
 8 | Now there was nothing easier then to set breakpoint to the pool allocation.
 9 | 
10 | ![screenshot1](assets/windbg_poolhit.png)
11 | 
12 | After the breakpoint was hit, I could see exactly where it was coming from.
13 | 
14 | ![screenshot2](assets/windbg_stacktrace.png)
15 | 
16 | Relocated image in IDA and found exactly the line.
17 | 
18 | ![screenshot3](assets/ida_line.png)
19 | 
20 | There we go.
21 | 
22 | ![screenshot4](assets/ida_writeup.png)
23 | 
24 | Running Windows 10 x64 Pro 2004 (19041.264). Would be nice if you fixed this Microsoft. It's just small leak but it's annoying.


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/leak/leak/leak.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <Windows.h>
 2 | #include <winnt.h>
 3 | #include <winternl.h>
 4 | #include <iostream>
 5 | #include "ntdll.h"
 6 | 
 7 | bool running = true;
 8 | 
 9 | DWORD WINAPI SpamThread(PVOID number)
10 | {
11 |     printf("Thread %i started\n", (int)number);
12 |     
13 |     while (running)
14 |     {
15 |         GUID dummyGuid = { 0 };
16 |         UNICODE_STRING variableName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"dummyVariable");
17 | 
18 |         char buffer[8];
19 | 
20 |         ntdll::NtSetSystemEnvironmentValueEx(&variableName, &dummyGuid, buffer, sizeof(buffer), ATTRIBUTES);
21 |     }
22 | 
23 |     return 0;
24 | }
25 | 
26 | int main()
27 | {
28 |     printf("Setting SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PRIVILEGE privilegie...\n");
29 |     bool enabled = false;
30 |     const NTSTATUS status = ntdll::RtlAdjustPrivilege(22L, true, false, reinterpret_cast<PBOOLEAN>(&enabled));
31 |     if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
32 |     {
33 |         printf("Failed to set SE_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PRIVILEGE privilegie!\n");
34 |         return -1;
35 |     }
36 | 
37 |     printf("Starting threads...\n");
38 |     for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
39 |     {
40 |         CreateThread(nullptr, NULL, SpamThread, (PVOID)i, NULL, nullptr);
41 |     }
42 | 
43 |     getchar();
44 |     running = false;
45 | 
46 |     return 0;
47 | }
48 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/leak/leak/ntdll.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #pragma once
 2 | 
 3 | #define RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(s) { sizeof(s) - sizeof((s)[0]), sizeof(s), (PWSTR)s }
 4 | 
 5 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE                          0x00000001
 6 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS                    0x00000002
 7 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS                        0x00000004
 8 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_HARDWARE_ERROR_RECORD                 0x00000008
 9 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_AUTHENTICATED_WRITE_ACCESS            0x00000010
10 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_TIME_BASED_AUTHENTICATED_WRITE_ACCESS 0x00000020
11 | #define EFI_VARIABLE_APPEND_WRITE                          0x00000040
12 | #define ATTRIBUTES (EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE | EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS | EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS)
13 | 
14 | namespace ntdll
15 | {
16 | 	extern "C"
17 | 	{
18 | 		NTSYSAPI
19 | 		NTSTATUS
20 | 		NTAPI
21 | 		RtlAdjustPrivilege(
22 | 			_In_ ULONG Privilege,
23 | 			_In_ BOOLEAN Enable,
24 | 			_In_ BOOLEAN Client,
25 | 			_Out_ PBOOLEAN WasEnabled
26 | 		);
27 | 
28 | 		NTSYSCALLAPI
29 | 		NTSTATUS
30 | 		NTAPI
31 | 		NtSetSystemEnvironmentValueEx(
32 | 			_In_ PUNICODE_STRING VariableName,
33 | 			_In_ LPGUID VendorGuid,
34 | 			_In_reads_bytes_opt_(ValueLength) PVOID Value,
35 | 			_In_ ULONG ValueLength,
36 | 			_In_ ULONG Attributes
37 | 		);
38 | 	}
39 | }


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/leak/leak.sln:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | 
 2 | Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
 3 | # Visual Studio Version 16
 4 | VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.30413.136
 5 | MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
 6 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "leak", "leak\leak.vcxproj", "{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}"
 7 | EndProject
 8 | Global
 9 | 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
10 | 		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
11 | 		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
12 | 		Release|x64 = Release|x64
13 | 		Release|x86 = Release|x86
14 | 	EndGlobalSection
15 | 	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
16 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
17 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
18 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
19 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
20 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
21 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
22 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
23 | 		{63C98C52-ADD4-40FF-95BE-DCFBC469670A}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
24 | 	EndGlobalSection
25 | 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
26 | 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
27 | 	EndGlobalSection
28 | 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
29 | 		SolutionGuid = {210ADECF-1767-4B70-956A-F2D8508F3829}
30 | 	EndGlobalSection
31 | EndGlobal
32 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/leak/leak/leak.vcxproj:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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  3 |   <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
  4 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
  5 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
  6 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
  7 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
  8 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
  9 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 10 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
 11 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 12 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
 13 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
 14 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 15 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 16 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
 17 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 18 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 19 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 20 |   </ItemGroup>
 21 |   <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
 22 |     <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
 23 |     <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
 24 |     <ProjectGuid>{63c98c52-add4-40ff-95be-dcfbc469670a}</ProjectGuid>
 25 |     <RootNamespace>leak</RootNamespace>
 26 |     <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
 27 |   </PropertyGroup>
 28 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
 29 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
 30 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 31 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
 32 |     <PlatformToolset>v142</PlatformToolset>
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 46 |     <PlatformToolset>v142</PlatformToolset>
 47 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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 49 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
 50 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 51 |     <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
 52 |     <PlatformToolset>v142</PlatformToolset>
 53 |     <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
 54 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 55 |     <SpectreMitigation>false</SpectreMitigation>
 56 |   </PropertyGroup>
 57 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
 58 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
 59 |   </ImportGroup>
 60 |   <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
 61 |   </ImportGroup>
 62 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 63 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 64 |   </ImportGroup>
 65 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 66 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 67 |   </ImportGroup>
 68 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 69 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 70 |   </ImportGroup>
 71 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 72 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 73 |   </ImportGroup>
 74 |   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
 75 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 76 |     <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
 77 |   </PropertyGroup>
 78 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 79 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 80 |   </PropertyGroup>
 81 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 82 |     <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
 83 |   </PropertyGroup>
 84 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 85 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 86 |   </PropertyGroup>
 87 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 88 |     <ClCompile>
 89 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
 90 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
 91 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
 92 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
 93 |     </ClCompile>
 94 |     <Link>
 95 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
 96 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
 97 |     </Link>
 98 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
 99 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
100 |     <ClCompile>
101 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
102 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
103 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
104 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
105 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
106 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
107 |     </ClCompile>
108 |     <Link>
109 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
110 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
111 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
112 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
113 |     </Link>
114 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
115 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
116 |     <ClCompile>
117 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
118 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
119 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
120 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
121 |     </ClCompile>
122 |     <Link>
123 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
124 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
125 |     </Link>
126 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
127 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
128 |     <ClCompile>
129 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
130 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
131 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
132 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
133 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
134 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
135 |     </ClCompile>
136 |     <Link>
137 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
138 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
139 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
140 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
141 |       <AdditionalDependencies>ntdll.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
142 |     </Link>
143 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
144 |   <ItemGroup>
145 |     <ClCompile Include="leak.cpp" />
146 |   </ItemGroup>
147 |   <ItemGroup>
148 |     <ClInclude Include="ntdll.h" />
149 |   </ItemGroup>
150 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
151 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
152 |   </ImportGroup>
153 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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300 | **/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
301 | **/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
302 | _Pvt_Extensions
303 | 
304 | # Paket dependency manager
305 | .paket/paket.exe
306 | paket-files/
307 | 
308 | # FAKE - F# Make
309 | .fake/
310 | 
311 | # CodeRush personal settings
312 | .cr/personal
313 | 
314 | # Python Tools for Visual Studio (PTVS)
315 | __pycache__/
316 | *.pyc
317 | 
318 | # Cake - Uncomment if you are using it
319 | # tools/**
320 | # !tools/packages.config
321 | 
322 | # Tabs Studio
323 | *.tss
324 | 
325 | # Telerik's JustMock configuration file
326 | *.jmconfig
327 | 
328 | # BizTalk build output
329 | *.btp.cs
330 | *.btm.cs
331 | *.odx.cs
332 | *.xsd.cs
333 | 
334 | # OpenCover UI analysis results
335 | OpenCover/
336 | 
337 | # Azure Stream Analytics local run output
338 | ASALocalRun/
339 | 
340 | # MSBuild Binary and Structured Log
341 | *.binlog
342 | 
343 | # NVidia Nsight GPU debugger configuration file
344 | *.nvuser
345 | 
346 | # MFractors (Xamarin productivity tool) working folder
347 | .mfractor/
348 | 
349 | # Local History for Visual Studio
350 | .localhistory/
351 | 
352 | # BeatPulse healthcheck temp database
353 | healthchecksdb
354 | 
355 | # Backup folder for Package Reference Convert tool in Visual Studio 2017
356 | MigrationBackup/
357 | 
358 | # Ionide (cross platform F# VS Code tools) working folder
359 | .ionide/
360 | 
361 | # Fody - auto-generated XML schema
362 | FodyWeavers.xsd
363 | 


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