├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── declarative-tutorial1.png ├── declarative-tutorial2.png ├── ezgif-3-4d6fe02895.gif ├── qml-tutorial.md ├── qml-tutorial1.md ├── qml-tutorial2.md └── qml-tutorial3.md /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 2, June 1991 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 5 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 8 | 9 | Preamble 10 | 11 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 12 | freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 13 | License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 14 | software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. 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If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 339 | Public License instead of this License. 340 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # QML-Tutorial 2 | Перевод самоучителя QML на русском языке 3 | 4 | [Старт](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial.md "Старт") 5 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /declarative-tutorial1.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/70401f2eb340fbfd4a905146481c268b9c316dac/declarative-tutorial1.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /declarative-tutorial2.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/70401f2eb340fbfd4a905146481c268b9c316dac/declarative-tutorial2.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /ezgif-3-4d6fe02895.gif: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/70401f2eb340fbfd4a905146481c268b9c316dac/ezgif-3-4d6fe02895.gif -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /qml-tutorial.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # QML Самоучитель 2 | 3 | В данном руководстве содержится введение в QML (язык интерфейсов Qt Quick). Оно охватывает не все - акцент делается на обучении базовым принципам, а особенности и дополнения приводится по мере необходимости. 4 | 5 | В этом руководстве вы узнаете об основных типах QML, создадите ваш собственный компонент QML со свойствами и сигналами, а также создадите простую анимацию с помощью состояний и переходов. 6 | 7 | Первая глава начинается с минимальной программы "Привет, мир", в следующих же главах приведены новые концепции. 8 | 9 | Исходные коды из руководства находится в Qt каталоге: 10 | ``` 11 | examples/quick/tutorials/helloworld 12 | ``` 13 | 14 | ## Главы руководства: 15 | 1. [Базовые Типы](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial1.md "Базовые Типы") 16 | 2. [Компоненты QML](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial2.md "Компоненты QML") 17 | 3. [Состояния и переходы](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial3.md "Состояния и переходы") 18 | 19 |
20 | © 2022 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /qml-tutorial1.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # QML Самоучитель 2 | ## Глава 1 - Базовые Типы 3 | 4 | Первая программа представляет собой очень простой "Hello world" пример, который познакомит вас с некоторыми базовыми концепциями QML. 5 | 6 | На рисунке ниже показан скриншот этой программы: 7 | 8 | ![](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/declarative-tutorial1.png) 9 | 10 | QML код приложения: 11 | ```QML 12 | import QtQuick 2.0 13 | 14 | Rectangle { 15 | id: page 16 | width: 320; height: 480 17 | color: "lightgray" 18 | 19 | Text { 20 | id: helloText 21 | text: "Hello world!" 22 | y: 30 23 | anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter 24 | font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true 25 | } 26 | } 27 | ``` 28 | 29 | ### Разбор по шагам 30 | #### Импорт 31 | Сперва нужно импортировать типы, которые нужны вам для этого примера. Большинство файлов QML импортируют встроенные типы QML (например, [Rectangle](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-rectangle.html "Rectangle"), [Image](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-image.html "Image"), ...), которые поставляются с Qt, используя: 32 | ```QML 33 | import QtQuick 2.0 34 | ``` 35 | 36 | #### Тип - Прямоугольник 37 | ```QML 38 | Rectangle { 39 | id: page 40 | width: 320; height: 480 41 | color: "lightgray" 42 | ``` 43 | 44 | Здесь объявляется корневой объект типа [Rectangle](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-rectangle.html "Rectangle") (Прямоугольник). Это один из основных строительных блоков, которые вы можете использовать для создания приложения на QML. Далее ему присваивается идентификатор, чтобы была возможность ссылаться на него в дальнейшем. В данном случае идентификатор имеет значение "page". Также устанавливаются свойства ширины, высоты и цвета. Тип [Rectangle](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-rectangle.html "Rectangle") содержит много других свойств (таких как *x* и *y*), но они будут инициированы со значениями по умолчанию. 45 | 46 | #### Тип - Текст 47 | ```QML 48 | Text { 49 | id: helloText 50 | text: "Hello world!" 51 | y: 30 52 | anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter 53 | font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true 54 | } 55 | ``` 56 | 57 | Здесь добавляется тип [Text](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-text.html "Text") в качестве дочернего элемента корневого типа Rectangle, который отображает текст "Hello world!". 58 | 59 | Свойство *y* используется для позиционирования текста по вертикали на расстоянии 30 пикселей от верхней части его родительского элемента. 60 | 61 | Свойство *anchors.horizontalCenter* прикладывается к горизонтальному центру типа. В этом случае указывается, что тип Text должен быть горизонтально центрирован в элементе "page" (см. [Anchor-Based Layout](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtquick-positioning-anchors.html "Anchor-Based Layout")). 62 | 63 | Размер *font.pointSize* и *font.bold* связаны со шрифтами и используют точечную нотацию. 64 | 65 | ### Просмотр примера 66 | Чтобы просмотреть то, что вы создали, запустите инструмент [qml](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtquick-qml-runtime.html "qml") (расположенный в каталоге bin) с вашим именем файла в качестве первого аргумента. Например, чтобы запустить предоставленный пример завершенной Главы 1 из места установки, вы должны ввести: 67 | 68 | ```shell 69 | qml tutorials/helloworld/tutorial1.qml 70 | ``` 71 | 72 | <-- [Главная страница](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial.md "Главная страница") 73 | 74 | [Компоненты QML](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial2.md "Компоненты QML") --> 75 | 76 |
77 | © 2022 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. 78 | 79 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /qml-tutorial2.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # QML Самоучитель 3 | ## Глава 2 - Компоненты QML 4 | 5 | В этой главе описывается средство для изменения цвета текста. 6 | 7 | ![](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/declarative-tutorial2.png) 8 | 9 | На скриншоте выше изображен набор цветов, состоящий из шести ячеек с разными цветами. Чтобы избежать повторения одного и того же кода для каждой ячейки, создается новый компонент ячейки (компонент *Cell*). Компонент предоставляет способ определения нового типа, который можно повторно использовать в других файлах QML. Компонент QML подобен черному ящику и взаимодействует с внешним миром через свойства, сигналы и функции и обычно определяется в его собственном файле QML. (см. [Документацию по Component](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtqml-component.html)). Имя файла компонента всегда должно начинаться с заглавной буквы английского алфавита. 10 | 11 | Ниже показан QML код для *Cell.qml*: 12 | ```QML 13 | import QtQuick 2.0 14 | 15 | Item { 16 | id: container 17 | property alias cellColor: rectangle.color 18 | signal clicked(cellColor: color) 19 | 20 | width: 40; height: 25 21 | 22 | Rectangle { 23 | id: rectangle 24 | border.color: "white" 25 | anchors.fill: parent 26 | } 27 | 28 | MouseArea { 29 | anchors.fill: parent 30 | onClicked: container.clicked(container.cellColor) 31 | } 32 | } 33 | ``` 34 | ### Разбор по шагам 35 | #### Cell компонент 36 | ```QML 37 | Item { 38 | id: container 39 | property alias cellColor: rectangle.color 40 | signal clicked(cellColor: color) 41 | 42 | width: 40; height: 25 43 | ``` 44 | 45 | Корневой тип нашего компонента - это элемент ([Item](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-item.html)) с идентификатором (*ID*) равным *container*. Элемент (*Item*) является самым основным визуальным типом в QML и часто используется в качестве контейнера для других типов. 46 | 47 | ```QML 48 | property alias cellColor: rectangle.color 49 | ``` 50 | Выше объявляется свойство *cellColor* (цвет ячейки). Данное свойство доступно извне компонента, это позволяет создавать экземпляры ячеек с разными цветами. Это свойство является просто псевдонимом существующего свойства - цвета прямоугольника, составляющего ячейку (см. [Привязку свойства](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtqml-syntax-propertybinding.html)). 51 | 52 | ```QML 53 | signal clicked(cellColor: color) 54 | ``` 55 | Также нужно, чтобы у нашего компонента был сигнал, который мы вызываем при нажатии (*clicked*) с параметром цвета ячейки типа цвета (*color*). Позже мы будем использовать данный сигнал для изменения цвета текста в основном файле QML. 56 | 57 | ```QML 58 | Rectangle { 59 | id: rectangle 60 | border.color: "white" 61 | anchors.fill: parent 62 | } 63 | ``` 64 | Компонент ячейки в основном представляет собой цветной прямоугольник с идентификатором (*ID*) *rectangle*. 65 | 66 | Свойство *anchors.fill* - это удобный способ задать размер визуального типа. В этом случае прямоугольник будет иметь тот же размер, что и его родительский (parent) элемент (см. [Макет на основе привязки](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtquick-positioning-anchors.html)). 67 | 68 | ```QML 69 | MouseArea { 70 | anchors.fill: parent 71 | onClicked: container.clicked(container.cellColor) 72 | } 73 | ``` 74 | 75 | Чтобы изменить цвет текста при щелчке по ячейке, создается тип [MouseArea](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qml-qtquick-mousearea.html) (область мышки) с тем же размером, что и ее родительский элемент. 76 | 77 | #### Основной файл QML 78 | В основном файле QML используется ранее созданный компонент Cell для создания средства выбора цвета: 79 | 80 | ```QML 81 | import QtQuick 2.0 82 | 83 | Rectangle { 84 | id: page 85 | width: 320; height: 480 86 | color: "lightgray" 87 | 88 | Text { 89 | id: helloText 90 | text: "Hello world!" 91 | y: 30 92 | anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter 93 | font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true 94 | } 95 | 96 | Grid { 97 | id: colorPicker 98 | x: 4; anchors.bottom: page.bottom; anchors.bottomMargin: 4 99 | rows: 2; columns: 3; spacing: 3 100 | 101 | Cell { cellColor: "red"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 102 | Cell { cellColor: "green"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 103 | Cell { cellColor: "blue"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 104 | Cell { cellColor: "yellow"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 105 | Cell { cellColor: "steelblue"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 106 | Cell { cellColor: "black"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 107 | } 108 | } 109 | ``` 110 | 111 | Создается средство выбора цвета, представляя собой сетку из 6 ячеек с разными цветами. 112 | 113 | Когда срабатывает сигнал щелчка мыши (*clicked signal*) по ячейке, установится цвет текста равным цвету ячейки, переданному в качестве параметра *cellColor*. Можно реагировать на любой сигнал нашему компоненту с помощью свойства с именем *'onSignalName'* (см. [Атрибуты сигнала](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtqml-syntax-objectattributes.html#signal-attributes)). 114 | 115 | <-- [Базовые Типы](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial1.md "Базовые Типы") 116 | 117 | [Состояния и переходы](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial3.md "Состояния и переходы") --> 118 | 119 |
120 | © 2022 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. 121 | 122 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /qml-tutorial3.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | # QML Самоучитель 3 | ## Глава 3 - Состояния и переходы 4 | 5 | В данной главе предыдущий пример станет немного более динамичным, используя состояния и переходы. 6 | 7 | Нужно, чтобы текст перемещался в нижнюю часть экрана, поворачивался и становился красным при нажатии. 8 | 9 | ![](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/ezgif-3-4d6fe02895.gif) 10 | 11 | Ниже приведен QML код: 12 | ```QML 13 | import QtQuick 2.0 14 | 15 | Rectangle { 16 | id: page 17 | width: 320; height: 480 18 | color: "lightgray" 19 | 20 | Text { 21 | id: helloText 22 | text: "Hello world!" 23 | y: 30 24 | anchors.horizontalCenter: page.horizontalCenter 25 | font.pointSize: 24; font.bold: true 26 | 27 | MouseArea { id: mouseArea; anchors.fill: parent } 28 | 29 | states: State { 30 | name: "down"; when: mouseArea.pressed == true 31 | PropertyChanges { 32 | helloText { 33 | y: 160 34 | rotation: 180 35 | color: "red" 36 | } 37 | } 38 | } 39 | 40 | transitions: Transition { 41 | from: ""; to: "down"; reversible: true 42 | ParallelAnimation { 43 | NumberAnimation { properties: "y,rotation"; duration: 500; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad } 44 | ColorAnimation { duration: 500 } 45 | } 46 | } 47 | } 48 | 49 | Grid { 50 | id: colorPicker 51 | x: 4; anchors.bottom: page.bottom; anchors.bottomMargin: 4 52 | rows: 2; columns: 3; spacing: 3 53 | 54 | Cell { cellColor: "red"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 55 | Cell { cellColor: "green"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 56 | Cell { cellColor: "blue"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 57 | Cell { cellColor: "yellow"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 58 | Cell { cellColor: "steelblue"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 59 | Cell { cellColor: "black"; onClicked: helloText.color = cellColor } 60 | } 61 | } 62 | ``` 63 | 64 | ### Разбор по шагам 65 | 66 | ```QML 67 | states: State { 68 | name: "down"; when: mouseArea.pressed == true 69 | PropertyChanges { 70 | helloText { 71 | y: 160 72 | rotation: 180 73 | color: "red" 74 | } 75 | } 76 | } 77 | ``` 78 | Сначала создается новое состояние *down* для текстового типа. Это состояние будет активироваться при нажатии кнопки мышки и деактивироваться при ее отпускании. 79 | 80 | Состояние *down* включает в себя набор изменений свойств из неявного дефолтного (default) состояния (элементы в том виде, в каком они были изначально определены в QML). В ручную (специально) устанавливаются свойства текста равными: положение по вертикали (*y*) равное 160, поворот - 180 и цвет - красный. 81 | 82 | ```QML 83 | transitions: Transition { 84 | from: ""; to: "down"; reversible: true 85 | ParallelAnimation { 86 | NumberAnimation { properties: "y,rotation"; duration: 500; easing.type: Easing.InOutQuad } 87 | ColorAnimation { duration: 500 } 88 | } 89 | } 90 | ``` 91 | Чтобы текст появлялся внизу не мгновенно, а перемещался плавно - добавляется переход между нашими двумя состояниями. 92 | 93 | "from" и "to" определяют состояния, между которыми будет выполняться переход. В этом случае происходит переход из состояния по умолчанию в состояние *down*. 94 | 95 | Поскольку требуется, чтобы тот же переход выполнялся в обратном порядке при возврате из состояния *down* в дефолтное состояние, мы устанавливаем значение reversable равным true. Это эквивалентно записи двух переходов по отдельности. 96 | 97 | Тип *ParallelAnimation* гарантирует, что два типа анимации (число и цвет) запускаются одновременно (параллельно). Также возможно бы запускать их один за другим, используя вместо этого *SequentialAnimation*. 98 | 99 | Дополнительные сведения о состояниях и переходах см. в разделе [Состояния QtQuick](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtquick-statesanimations-states.html), а также [Пример реализации состояний и переходов](https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/qtquick-animation-example.html#states). 100 | 101 | <-- [Компоненты QML](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial2.md "Компоненты QML") 102 | 103 | [Главная страница](https://github.com/SlimRG/QML-Tutorial/blob/main/qml-tutorial.md "Главная страница") --> 104 | 105 |
106 | © 2022 The Qt Company Ltd. Documentation contributions included herein are the copyrights of their respective owners. The documentation provided herein is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License version 1.3 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html) as published by the Free Software Foundation. Qt and respective logos are trademarks of The Qt Company Ltd. in Finland and/or other countries worldwide. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. 107 | 108 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------