├── 1.Zabbix4.0的安装.md ├── 10.Zabbix4.0 版本升级.md ├── 11.Zabbix4.0性能调优.md ├── 12.Zabbix4.0分布式监控.md ├── 2.Zabbix4.0添加监控主机.md ├── 3.Zabbix4.0添加触发器.md ├── 4.Zabbix4.0自定义报警.md ├── 5.Zabbix4.0使用grafana自定义图形.md ├── 6.Zabbix4.0自定义模板.md ├── 7.Zabbix4.0使用percona监控MySQL数据库.md ├── 8.Zabbix4.0自动化监控.md ├── 9.Zabbix4.0 Agent主动模式.md ├── LICENSE ├── README.md └── Zabbix4.0中遇到的问题.md /1.Zabbix4.0的安装.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | >**Github：[https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial)** 3 | ###### 1. Zabbix架构 4 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602233449341.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 5 | Zabbix Agent：Zabbix的客户端，负责 **`数据收集上传`** 6 | Zabbix Server：Zabbix的服务端，负责数据汇总处理，告警策略，告警发送等 7 | Zabbix Web：Zabbix的前端界面，提供友好的展示和操作界面，负责数据的展示、监控系统的配置管理、用户权限配置管理等功能 8 | Database：配置数据存储的数据库，Zabbix支持多种数据库，包括MySQL、Oracle、DB2等 9 | Java GateWay：Java网关，负责通过JVM监控收集Java应用性能数据 10 | Zabbix Proxy：Zabbix代理，分布式部署架构会用到，主要是收集设备数据的监控数据并将数据发送给对应的Zabbix Server 11 | 12 | 数据通过Zabbix客户端收集并发送给Zabbix服务端，Zabbix服务端负责存储、分析数据、触发报警等任务。用户或者管理员可以通过Zabbix前端页面进行数据展示和配置管理。如果设备规模较多，并且分布在多地域或者多机房，都可以通过Zabbix Proxy实现分布式架构部署。 13 | ###### 2. Zabbix Server组成 14 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602234455752.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 15 | Zabbix Server由下面的一些列进程组成，每种进程有自己的特定功能。 16 | ###### 3. 安装版本说明 17 |        官方有标准版和长期支持版，因为官方对于长期支持版本支持的时间相对会长很多，所以我们会选择长期支持版本。Zabbix的4.0版本为当前日期最新的长期支持版本，所以接下来就安装这个版本。如果使用源码包安装，可能有些包没有启用。后期想用，它是不支持额外添加模块的，只能重新编译安装一次。所以，此外建议使用二进制包来安装，官方已经把该需要的功能都编译好了。 18 | ###### 4. 安装repo源 19 | ```js 20 | # 安装zabbix的repo源： 21 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm 22 | # 替换为清华源的地址： 23 | [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo 24 | :%s#repo.zabbix.com#mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix#g 25 | ``` 26 | ###### 5. 安装zabbix-server-mysql 27 | ```js 28 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql -y 29 | ``` 30 | ###### 6. 安装zabbix-web-mysql 31 | ```js 32 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install zabbix-web-mysql -y 33 | ``` 34 | ###### 7. 安装与配置数据库mariadb-server 35 | ```js 36 | # 安装mariadb-server 37 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y 38 | 39 | # 设置开机自启 40 | root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb 41 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl is-enabled mariadb 42 | enabled 43 | 44 | # 数据库安全初始化(在/etc/mysq.cnf的[mysqld]下添加skip-grant-tables，设置密码部分为n，其他为y) 45 | [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation 46 | 47 | # 创建数据库 48 | MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin; 49 | 50 | # 数据库授权 51 | MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@'%' identified by '123456'; 52 | MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 53 | 54 | # 查找zabbix的sql文件 55 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-server-mysql 56 | [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.20/ 57 | [root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.20]# ls 58 | AUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql.gz NEWS README 59 | [root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.20]# file create.sql.gz 60 | create.sql.gz: gzip compressed data, was "create.sql", from Unix, last modified: Mon Apr 27 09:04:32 2020 61 | [root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.20]# gzip -d create.sql.gz 62 | 63 | # 将sql文件导入到数据库中 64 | [root@localhost zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.20]# mysql -uzabbix -p123456 zabbix **Github：[https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial)** 168 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /10.Zabbix4.0 版本升级.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 为什么要升级Zabbix版本 3 | ① 提高性能；② 增加新功能；③ 解决模板不兼容等问题。 4 | ###### 2. 安装Zabbix2.2 5 | 新增10.0.0.4，在这台机器上安装Zabbix2.2以便升级到Zabbix4.0。Zabbix2.2下载地址：[https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/2.2/rhel/7/x86_64/](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/2.2/rhel/7/x86_64/) 6 | ```js 7 | # 查看系统已安装的与Zabbix相关的安装文件 8 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep zabbix 9 | 10 | # 删除所有与Zabbix相关的安装文件 11 | [root@localhost ~]# yum remove zabbix-agent.x86_64 12 | 13 | # 删除Zabbix配置文件 14 | [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/zabbix 15 | 16 | # 安装Zabbix源 17 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/2.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm 18 | 19 | # 使用清华源加速下载 20 | [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo 21 | %s#repo.zabbix.com#mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix#g 22 | 23 | # 安装Zabbix主要的安装文件zabbix-server-mysql和zabbix-web-mysql 24 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql -y 25 | 26 | # 设置Zabbix开机自启 27 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server 28 | 29 | # 安装MySQL数据库 30 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y 31 | 32 | # 设置MySQL开机自启 33 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mariadb 34 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl is-enabled mariadb 35 | enabled 36 | 37 | # 初始化数据库。一开始没密码直接回车，不设置密码no，其它为yes 38 | [root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation 39 | 40 | # 创建数据库(charset utf8等价于character set utf8) 41 | MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix charset utf8 collate utf8_bin; 42 | 43 | # 创建授权。授权命令执行之后会创建zabbix用户 44 | MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix.* to zabbix@'%'; 45 | 46 | # 如果需要远程连接mysql，则需要关闭firewalld 47 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld 48 | 49 | # 设置firewall开机不自启动 50 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld 51 | 52 | # 查找初始数据sql文件 53 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-server-mysql 54 | /usr/sbin/zabbix_server_mysql 55 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23 56 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/create 57 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/create/data.sql 58 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/create/images.sql 59 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/create/schema.sql 60 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/upgrades 61 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/upgrades/dbpatches 62 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/upgrades/dbpatches/1.6 63 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/upgrades/dbpatches/1.6/mysql 64 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/upgrades/dbpatches/1.6/mysql/patch.sql 65 | ... 66 | 67 | # 跳转到Zabbix初始数据目录下 68 | [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.2.23/create/ 69 | 70 | # 查看数据库文件 71 | [root@localhost create]# ls 72 | data.sql images.sql schema.sql 73 | 74 | # 导入zabbix初始数据到数据库，注意顺序 75 | [root@localhost create]# mysql -uroot -p zabbix < schema.sql 76 | [root@localhost create]# mysql -uroot -p zabbix < images.sql 77 | [root@localhost create]# mysql -uroot -p zabbix < data.sql 78 | [root@localhost create]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 79 | 80 | # 需要使Zabbix连接MySQL，所以也要修改DBHost、DBUser、DBPassword的值。我这里zabbix数据库用户没有设置密码 81 | [root@localhost create]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 82 | 83 | # 过滤 84 | [root@localhost create]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 85 | LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log 86 | LogFileSize=0 87 | PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid 88 | DBHost=localhost 89 | DBName=zabbix 90 | DBUser=zabbix 91 | DBPassword= 92 | DBSocket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 93 | SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptt/snmptt.log 94 | AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts 95 | ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts 96 | 97 | # 启动Zabbix 98 | [root@localhost create]# systemctl start zabbix-server 99 | 100 | # 修改时区 101 | [root@localhost create]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf 102 | php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai 103 | 104 | # 启动httpd 105 | [root@localhost create]# systemctl start httpd 106 | ``` 107 | 至此Zabbix 2.2安装完成。可以登录Web界面： 108 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602143851461.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 109 | 连接MySQL数据库，这里只填了用户名没有填写密码是因为我这里的数据库用户zabbix没有设置密码： 110 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602144429168.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 111 | 默认，下一步： 112 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602144506154.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 113 | 配置完成后会生成 /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php文件，如果要 **`把数据库从zabbix server中分离，迁移到单独的机器中`**，就需要修改这个文件中的数据库ip地址： 114 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602155736713.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 115 | 用户名是Admin或admin都可以，但密码必须是zabbix。 116 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602144952240.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 117 | 修改为中文编码： 118 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602145221903.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 119 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060215582527.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 120 | ###### 3. Zabbix 2.2升级到Zabbix 4.0 121 | ```js 122 | # 下载4.0第二rpm包 123 | [root@localhost ~]# wget -ivh https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm 124 | 125 | # 升级Zabbix安装源 126 | [root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm 127 | 警告：zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm: 头V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, 密钥 ID a14fe591: NOKEY 128 | 准备中... ################################# [100%] 129 | 正在升级/安装... 130 | 1:zabbix-release-4.0-2.el7 ################################# [ 50%] 131 | 正在清理/删除... 132 | 2:zabbix-release-2.2-1.el7 ################################# [100%] 133 | 134 | # 升级安装源后，zabbix.repo中的内容会被替换成4.0的源 135 | [root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ 136 | CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo zabbix.repo 137 | 138 | # 使用清华源加速下载 139 | [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo 140 | %s#repo.zabbix.com#mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix#g 141 | 142 | # 为防止升级失败，需要备份数据库 143 | [root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -B zabbix > zabbix.sql 144 | 145 | # 开始升级 146 | [root@localhost ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql -y 147 | 148 | # 安装新版本时zabbix会停止运行，可以查看运行状态 149 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status zabbix-server 150 | ● zabbix-server.service - Zabbix Server 151 | Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) 152 | Active: inactive (dead) 153 | 154 | # 启动新版Zabbix 155 | [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server 156 | 157 | # 可以新开一个终端查看新版Zabbix的运行日志，可以看到Zabbix数据库正在升级 158 | [root@localhost ~]# tailf /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log 159 | ... 160 | 49455:20200602:040939.578 current database version (mandatory/optional): D/02020001 161 | 49455:20200602:040939.578 required mandatory version: 04000000 162 | 49455:20200602:040939.578 optional patches were found 163 | ... 164 | 49455:20200602:040939.660 completed 2% of database upgrade 165 | 49455:20200602:040939.694 completed 3% of database upgrade 166 | 49455:20200602:040939.772 completed 4% of database upgrade 167 | 49455:20200602:040939.786 completed 5% of database upgrade 168 | 49455:20200602:040939.801 completed 6% of database upgrade 169 | 49455:20200602:040939.808 completed 7% of database upgrade 170 | 49455:20200602:040939.816 completed 8% of database upgrade 171 | 49455:20200602:040939.820 completed 9% of database upgrade 172 | ... 173 | ``` 174 | 启动Zabbix时会 **`读配置文件/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf`**，配置文件有数据库的连接地址。 175 | 176 | 升级数据库就是把Zabbix 2版本.2的Zabbix数据库升级为Zabbix 4.4版本的数据库。**`升级之后才会Zabbix才会启动`**。升级之后，如果在2.2版本中创建了模板，新版本中模板还是存在的，因为数据没有被删除。升级之后，发现页面发生了改变，没错这就是4.4的版本： 177 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602165057585.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 178 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /11.Zabbix4.0性能调优.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 数据库调优 3 | ① Zabbix是写多读少的业务，所以要提高Zabbix写入的性能。MyISAM引擎时不可以使用的，至少要使用InnoDB引擎(mysql 5.5)，或者使用TokuDB引擎(mysql 5.7)，当然也可以把数据库的硬盘升级为SSD硬盘。 4 | 5 | ② 去掉没有用的监控项，增加监控项的取值间隔，减少历史数据保存周期 6 | 7 | ③ 针对Zabbix历史数据和趋势图的表进行周期性分表 8 | 9 | ④ 把被动模式修改为主动模式，增加zabbix-proxy将监控项的采集数据集中写入，而不是每个Zabbix Agent都向最终的Zabbix Server发数据 10 | ###### 2. 进程调优 11 | ① 针对Zabbix-Server进程调优，进程忙碌的时候就增加进程数量 12 | 13 | 将扫描IP网段的频率时值为10s，这样会增加自动发现进程的压力： 14 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602214041801.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 15 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602214049405.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 16 | Zabbix的进程监控都在 **`图形`** 里面，可以选择查看数据采集进程的情况，如自动发现进程。这里不难发现，自动发现进程的已经到了100%： 17 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602215731375.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 18 | 下面通过调优来降低自动发现忙碌程度： 19 | ```js 20 | # 这里把自动发现进程数设置为6个(0~250) 21 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 22 | StartDiscoverers=6 23 | 24 | # 重启Zabbix Server 25 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server.service 26 | ``` 27 | 不建议上来就把值设置为最大，因为 **`每增加一个进程需要消耗一定内存空间的。`** 然后再看自动发现的忙碌程度就降低了非常多： 28 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602220910367.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 29 | 调优的原则是：哪个进程比较忙就增加进程数量，不建议加到几十倍，最好要一点点去调。**`要保证曲线平稳，而不是高低起伏大。`** 30 | 31 | ② 针对Zabbix-Server缓存调优，剩余内存少的时候增加缓存值 32 | 33 | 缓存的作用是用来存储监控的主机，**`这些目标主机数据是从数据库查出来的然后放到内存中的。`** 当然，**`取值的监控项`** 和 **`触发器指标`** 也都是存在Zabbix Server的缓存中。如果缓存不够用了，Zabbix Server就会出问题。Zabbix Server默认的缓存是8M。为了测试缓存调优效果，这里先把缓存调为最低， 34 | ```js 35 | # 修改缓存为128K(128K-8G) 36 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 37 | CacheSize=128K 38 | 39 | # 重启Zabbix Server 40 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server.service 41 | ``` 42 | 这个时候发现，Zabbix Server挂掉： 43 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602222212311.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 44 | ```js 45 | # 查看Zabbix Server日志 46 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# tailf /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log 47 | 67257:20200602:102244.619 __mem_malloc: skipped 1 asked 1816 skip_min 1104 skip_max 1104 48 | 67257:20200602:102244.619 [file:dbconfig.c,line:94] __zbx_mem_realloc(): out of memory (requested 1816 bytes) 49 | 67257:20200602:102244.619 [file:dbconfig.c,line:94] __zbx_mem_realloc(): please increase CacheSize configuration parameter 50 | ``` 51 | 意思也就是内存不足( out of memory )，让我们增加CacheSize配置参数。如果以后有这样的报警，需要把缓存调整大一些。除了 **`内部进程、采集进程`** 还有缓存使用率： 52 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602222925219.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 53 | 大于75%的时候会报警，如果缓存不够就需要增加缓存！ 54 | >**Github：[https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial)** 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /12.Zabbix4.0分布式监控.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. Zabbix分布式监控系统概述 3 | Zabbix有三种监控架构，分别是Server-Agent、Server-Node-Agent和Server-Proxy-Agent。在大型环境中Zabbix有两种解决方案，**`使用节点(Node)和使用代理(Proxy)`**。使用节点和代理是有区别的： 4 | 5 | ① Proxy用于 **`本区域数据收集并将数据发送给Zabbix Server`**，它不做分析监控以及数据展示。Proxy只有一个proxy的daemon进程，Proxy也有自己的数据库（不完整的），但是它的数据库只会保存一定时间的数据，它与Master通信是将一批信息打包后发送到Master。Master将这些数据merger到Master数据库。 6 | 7 | ② Node提供完整的Zabbix Server用于 **`建立分布式监控的层级`**。Node本身是一台Zabbix Server，它有 **`完整的Web页面和完整的数据库，它会将数据源源不断地传给Master`**。 8 | 9 | **`节点是重量级应用，而代理是轻量级的应用`**。Master-Proxy相比Master-Node的优点有：Proxy压力小，数据库只存储一定时间的数据；Master压力变小，数据不是源源不断获取，减小IO压力（**`Node是收集数据就发数据，Proxy是保存一定时间然后一次性发送`**）；**`架构更清晰，容易维护`**（在Master的Zabbix Server集中统一配置）。 10 | ###### 2. Server-Node-Agent架构特性 11 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200603104016375.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 12 | Server-Node-Agent架构是用来 **`解决主机过多时单台Server面临性能瓶颈`** 的问题。方案有使用多个实例，没有实例是独立的一套Zabbix，有数据库和前台（可选）。该架构支持热插拔，Node和Server的连接可以随时断开，但不会影响Node的正常运行。Node定时向Server发送Configuration，History，Event等。Server定时给Node发送Configuration。**`所有的配置变更只能在Node节点操作`**，不能在Server操作。支持树状结构，Node又可以是个Server。 13 | ###### 3. Server-Proxy-Agent架构特性 14 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202006031044252.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 15 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200603184123329.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 16 | Proxy不会向Server同步Configuration，只会接收。Proxy的数据库会 **`定时将数据传送给Server，本地数据库只保存最近没有发送的数据。`** 其实，Proxy仅仅是 **`数据收集器`**，它不具有触发器、生成事件或发送警报等功能。**`Zabbix Server的功能有：监控远程区域；监控不可靠通信的位置；减轻Zabbix Server的压力；简化分布式监控的维护；与Zabbix Server是单TCP连接的，这种方式很容易绕过防火墙，只需要配置一条防火墙规则。`** 17 | >**`注意：Zabbix Proxy必须使用一个单独的数据库，不可以于Server使用同一个数据库。也不建议放到同一个物理服务器上`。** 18 | 19 | Zabbix的特性： 20 | | 特性项 | 是否支持 | 21 | |--|--| 22 | | **Zabbix agent checks** | **Yes** | 23 | | **Zabbix agent checks(active)** |**Yes** | 24 | | **Simple checks** | **Yes** | 25 | | **Trapper items** | **Yes** | 26 | | **SNMP checks**| **Yes** | 27 | | **SNMP traps** | **Yes** | 28 | | **IPMI checks** | **Yes** | 29 | | **JMX checks** | **Yes** | 30 | | **Log file monitoring** | **Yes** | 31 | | **`Internal checks`** | **`No`** | 32 | | **SSH checks** |**Yes** | 33 | | **Telnet checks** | **Yes** | | 34 | | **External checks** | **Yes** | 35 | | **Buit-in web monitering** | **Yes** | 36 | | **Network discovery** | **Yes** | 37 | | **Low-level discovery** |**Yes** | 38 | | **`Calculating triggers`** | **`No`** | 39 | | **`Processing events`** |**`No`** | 40 | | **`Sending alerts`** | **`No`** | 41 | | **`Remote commands`** | **`No`**| 42 | ###### 4. 分布式监控的实现 43 | 准备3台服务器，一台做=作Zabbix Server，另外一台作Zabbix Proxy，剩下一台作Zabbix Proxy的Agent。这三台服务器分别对应10.0.0.2、10.0.0.5和10.0.0.6。Zabbix Server和Zabbix Agent已经在前面介绍过，这里不赘述。为了测试方便，这里把MySQL和Zabbix Proxy放在统一台服务器上，首先安装与配置数据库： 44 | ```js 45 | # 安装MySQL数据库 46 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# yum install mariadb-server 47 | # 初始化数据库 48 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# mysql_secure_installation 49 | # 设置开机自启 50 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# chkconfig mariadb on 51 | # 创建zabbix_proxy数据库 52 | MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix_proxy character set utf8 collate utf8_bin; 53 | # 创建新用户并且授予权限 54 | MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on zabbix_proxy.* to zbxuser@'%' identified by '123456'; 55 | # 刷新权限 56 | MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; 57 | ``` 58 | 安装完成之后开始安装Zabbix Proxy： 59 | ```js 60 | # 下载包含数据库插件的Zabbix Proxy包 61 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.0.21-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 62 | # 下载epel源 63 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/e/epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm 64 | # 安装epel源(也可以使用rpm) 65 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# yum install epel-release-7-12.noarch.rpm 66 | # 安装Zabbix Proxy。使用yum安装会自动解决依赖问题，自动安装依赖的fping等 67 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# yum localinstall -y zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.0.21-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 68 | # 设置Zabbix Proxy开机自启 69 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# chkconfig zabbix-proxy on 70 | # 查看Zabbix Proxy是否启动，以及占用的端口 71 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep zabbix 72 | tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1543/zabbix_proxy 73 | tcp6 0 0 :::10051 :::* LISTEN 1543/zabbix_proxy 74 | ``` 75 | 配置Zabbix Proxy连接Zabbix Server和MySQL： 76 | ```js 77 | # 查询Zabbix Proxy初始数据 78 | [root@zabbix-proxy ~]# rpm -ql zabbix-proxy-mysql 79 | ... 80 | /usr/share/doc/zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.0.21/schema.sql.gz 81 | ... 82 | # 解压sql文件 83 | [root@zabbix-proxy zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.0.21]# gunzip schema.sql.gz 84 | # 把sql文件导入到数据库 85 | [root@zabbix-proxy zabbix-proxy-mysql-4.0.21]# mysql -uzbxuser -p zabbix_proxy**Github：[https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial)** 137 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2.Zabbix4.0添加监控主机.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 在zabbix-server上安装监控主机 3 | ```js 4 | # 安装agent 5 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-agent.x86_64 -y 6 | # 设置开机启动 7 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent 8 | # 启动agent 9 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent 10 | # 查看默认启动的端口 11 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# netstat -tunlp|grep 1005 12 | tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9903/zabbix_agentd 13 | tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 9903/zabbix_agentd 14 | ``` 15 | ###### 2. 在其它服务器上安装监控主机 16 | ```js 17 | # 下载rpm包 18 | [root@agent ~]# axel https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-4.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 19 | 20 | # 安装agent 21 | [root@agent ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-agent-4.0.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 22 | 23 | # 修改agent配置文件，将Server=127.0.0.1修改为10.0.0.2 24 | [root@agent ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 25 | 26 | # 启动zabbix-agent 27 | [root@agent ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-agent 28 | [root@agent ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent 29 | ``` 30 | ###### 3. 添加监控主机 31 | 通过在Web界面上配置来添加监控主机： 32 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520175335473.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 33 | 关联模板，没有模板就没有监控项，可以先使用默认的模板，监控常规项： 34 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520175513747.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 35 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052017574618.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3.Zabbix4.0添加触发器.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 系统触发器 3 | 点击用户头像，打开用户基本资料，选择开启“正在发送消息”来开启此功能。如果有警告，系统会发出警告声： 4 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520181349127.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 5 | 查看系统自带的触发器： 6 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520181513475.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 7 | 下面测试“Linux用户密码文件发生改变”的触发器： 8 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520182630295.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 9 | 首先设置采集的时间间隔，将原来默认1小时修改为10s： 10 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520183338833.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 11 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520183412331.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 12 | 查看最新数据，可以看到最新数据是：3356102413 13 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520233730226.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 14 | 在10.0.0.3监控主机上使密码文件发生变化： 15 | ```js 16 | [root@agent ~]# md5sum /etc/passwd 17 | 41a16f7241d08a7246b8999a0fab90c5 /etc/passwd 18 | # 得到的最新数据和Web界面上显示的一样 19 | [root@agent ~]# cksum /etc/passwd 20 | 3356102413 1002 /etc/passwd 21 | # 添加新用户来改变/etc/passwd文件 22 | [root@agent ~]# useradd thanlon 23 | # 再查看最新数据，这时候这个Web页面上最新数据应该发生改变为4061271438 24 | [root@agent ~]# cksum /etc/passwd 25 | 4061271438 1041 /etc/passwd 26 | ``` 27 | 可能Web界面上的最新数据没有发生改变，也没有产生警报。这是因为在Web界面作的操作都会提交到数据库， 添加一条主机后，数据库就会多一条记录。zabbix-server默认60s查寻一次数据库，才会知道任务目标是什么，然后再监控。如果值没有改变，可以重启zabbix server，让它提前查询数据库。这里可以看到值已经变成了4061271438： 28 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520234438266.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 29 | 进入图形，可以图形、值和最近500个值三种视图展示数据的改变： 30 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520234719537.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 31 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520234814453.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 32 | 数据发生改变后，系统会发出两声警报： 33 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200520235804837.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 34 | ###### 2. 自定义触发器 35 | 下面创建一个“当前系统用户登录超过2个报警”的触发器。选择创建触发器： 36 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521001332267.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 37 | 添加触发器名称和表达式，选择“添加”即可： 38 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521001543709.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 39 | 在触发器页面可以看到设置的触发器： 40 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521001710345.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 41 | 默认的更新间隔是10min，测试的时候，可以改为10s： 42 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521001826169.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 43 | 下面再创建2个登录终端，可以通过 **`w`** 命令查看当前登录的终端： 44 | ```js 45 | [root@agent ~]# w 46 | 12:10:21 up 53 min, 3 users, load average: 0.00, 0.03, 0.05 47 | USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT 48 | root pts/0 10.0.0.1 11:19 3:49 0.28s 0.28s -bash 49 | root pts/1 10.0.0.1 12:06 5.00s 0.02s 0.01s w 50 | root pts/2 10.0.0.1 12:07 2:57 0.01s 0.01s -bash 51 | ``` 52 | 此时当前的用户数为3，超过了我们自定的2，触发了我们自定义的当前系统用户数量登录数： 53 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521000843108.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 54 | 当我们关掉一个登录连接，可以发现登录数已经变成了2，系统响了一声在页面上发出提示，问题已解决： 55 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521001225979.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 56 | **`系统的触发器一般监控CPU、内存、硬盘、网络、进程`** 等常用的监控项。**`触发器之间还可以设置依赖关系`**，可以设置被依赖的触发器如果被触发了，依赖它的触发器可以不触发。 57 | ###### 3. 自动生成触发器 58 | 还不熟悉自己写表达式的时候，可以自定义生成触发器： 59 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521002643776.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 60 | 可以设置大于4个报警，小于3个恢复： 61 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521002908716.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 62 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521003115524.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 63 | 接下来就是改变当前系统（10.0.0.3）用户登录数，当设置为5个连接数时，系统报出现问题，当关闭两个连接设置为2个连接时，恢复： 64 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521004521713.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 65 | ###### 4. 报警声音的更换 66 | 可以在zabbix server上找到报警声音的文件： 67 | ```js 68 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/audio/ 69 | [root@Zabbix-server audio]# ls 70 | alarm_average.mp3 alarm_high.mp3 alarm_ok.mp3 no_sound.mp3 71 | alarm_disaster.mp3 alarm_information.mp3 alarm_warning.mp3 72 | ``` 73 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4.Zabbix4.0自定义报警.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 自定义监控项 3 | 在 **`监控主机`** 上配置自定义监控项： 4 | ```js 5 | # 查看当前登录用户 6 | [root@agent ~]# who 7 | root pts/0 2020-05-20 21:29 (10.0.0.1) 8 | root pts/1 2020-05-20 21:35 (10.0.0.1) 9 | # 查看当前用户登录数 10 | [root@agent ~]# who|wc -l 11 | 2 12 | # 设置自定义监控项login_users，命令是who|wc -l 13 | [root@agent ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 14 | UserParameter=login_users,who|wc -l 15 | # 重启zabbix监控主机 16 | [root@agent ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent 17 | ``` 18 | 在zabbix server机器上获取设置的监控项的值： 19 | ```js 20 | # 下载zabbix-get.x86_64 21 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# yum install zabbix-get.x86_64 -y 22 | # 获取监控项的值 23 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.3 -k login_users 24 | ``` 25 | 添加监控项，可以把 **`历史数据保留时长`** 设置的小一些： 26 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521112123313.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 27 | 可以看到我们自定义的监控项： 28 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521112123384.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 29 | ###### 2. 创建触发器 30 | 这里要注意表达式部分监控项的名字要使用我们自定义的： 31 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521112516368.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 32 | ###### 3. 自定义邮件发件人 33 | 这里需要注意的是163邮箱需要开启SMTP服务，才能拿到授权码： 34 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521120428211.png) 35 | 授权码写在密码部分： 36 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521115300242.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 37 | ###### 4. 自定义邮件收件人 38 | 点击用户头像，到 **`用户基本资料`** 下的 **`报警媒介`** 下添加Email类型的报警媒介： 39 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521114137159.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 40 | ###### 5. 启用触发器的动作 41 | 到 **`配置`** 选项下的 **`动作`** 项中将状态修改为已启用的状态： 42 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521114522775.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 43 | ###### 6. 触发报警 44 | 当触发“当前系统用户的登录数”触发器的时候，会向接收邮箱发送消息。这里可以查看已经发送的报警邮件： 45 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521120038386.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 46 | 邮箱也会接收到报警消息： 47 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521120124541.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 48 | ###### 7. 自定义邮件报警信息 49 | 默认的邮件报警信息除了宏部分，其它均为英文且比较乱。所以，为了方便查看，需要自定义邮件报警信息： 50 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521120847989.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 51 | 自定义邮件报警信息，我这里使用的模板是： 52 | ```js 53 | 服务器: {HOST.NAME}发生：{EVENT.NAME}故障！ 54 | { 55 | 告警主机： {HOST.NAME} 56 | 告警地址：{HOST.IP} 57 | 监控项目：{ITEM.NAME} 58 | 监控取值：{ITEM.LASTVALUE} 59 | 告警等级：{TRIGGER.SEVERITY} 60 | 当前状态：{TRIGGER.STATUS} 61 | 告警信息：{TRIGGER.NAME} 62 | 告警时间：{EVENT.DATE} {EVENT.TIME} 63 | 事件ID：{EVENT.ID} 64 | } 65 | ``` 66 | 下面换成我们定义的信息： 67 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521121917798.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 68 | 当触发报警后，可以在 **`动作日志`** 中查看到发送给接收邮件的报警信息： 69 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521122352496.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 70 | 检查邮箱后发现邮箱也收到了对应的报警信息： 71 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521122430240.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 72 | ###### 8. 自定义微信报警 73 | 写一个微信发送消息的脚本，这里需要用到企业微信。需要修改企业微信ID、机器人密码和应用ID，这些在企业微信管理都可以看到。下面是微信发送消息的脚本： 74 | ```py 75 | # 导入相关模块 76 | import requests, os, sys, logging, json 77 | 78 | # 定义日志的格式 79 | logging.basicConfig( 80 | filename=os.path.join('/tmp', 'weixin.log'), 81 | format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(module)s：%(message)s', 82 | datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 83 | level=logging.DEBUG, 84 | ) 85 | # 企业微信id 86 | corpid = '' 87 | # 机器人密码 88 | appsecret = '' 89 | # 应用id 90 | agentid = 1 91 | # 获取accesstoken 92 | token_url = 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettonken?corpid' + corpid + '&corpsecret=' + appsecret 93 | req = requests.get(token_url) 94 | accesstoken = req.json()['access_token'] 95 | # 发送消息 96 | send_msg_url = 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/send?access_token=' + accesstoken 97 | touser = sys.argv[1] 98 | subject = sys.argv[2] 99 | message = subject + '\n\n' + sys.argv[3] 100 | params = { 101 | 'touser': touser, 102 | 'msgtype': 'text', 103 | 'agentid': agentid, 104 | 'text': { 105 | 'content': message 106 | }, 107 | 'safe': 0 108 | } 109 | req = requests.post(send_msg_url, data=json.dumps(params)) 110 | # 把结果记录的日志中 111 | logging.info('sendto:' + touser + ';;subject:' + subject + ';;message:' + message) 112 | ``` 113 | 把脚本放到zabbix server中的指定的目录下： 114 | ```js 115 | # 查看脚本应该放到哪个位置 116 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 117 | ... 118 | AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts 119 | ... 120 | ``` 121 | 添加微信报警媒介： 122 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521211303929.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 123 | 指定收件人： 124 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521211828247.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 125 | 添加完成后启用微信报警媒介，可以暂时把Email报警媒介停用： 126 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052121194134.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 127 | 下面执行这个脚本开始向微信发送报警信息： 128 | ```js 129 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/ 130 | [root@Zabbix-server alertscripts]# python weixin.py 用户名 标题 报警内容 131 | ``` 132 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /5.Zabbix4.0使用grafana自定义图形.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 图形乱码的解决 3 | 默认监测图形中存在乱码： 4 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521224703430.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 5 | 需要我们替换zabbix web默认使用的字体，因为它不支持中文。可以到Windows中找到支持中文的字体，找到字体后把默认的 **`graphfont.ttf`** 替换掉即可。首先得找到字体的位置： 6 | ```js 7 | # 跳转到zabbix web界面的php下 8 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/ 9 | # 再跳转字体资源路径下 10 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix]# cd assets/fonts/ 11 | # 可以查看到zabbix web界面使用的字体，这个字体默认是个软链接 12 | [root@Zabbix-server fonts]# ls 13 | graphfont.ttf 14 | [root@Zabbix-server fonts]# pwd 15 | /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts 16 | ``` 17 | 将字体上传到zabbix server服务器的 **`/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts`** 目录下： 18 | ```js 19 | thanlon@thanlon:~$ scp simhei.ttf root@10.0.0.2:/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts 20 | ``` 21 | 在zabbix server服务器执行替换操作： 22 | ```js 23 | [root@Zabbix-server fonts]# \mv simhei.ttf graphfont.ttf 24 | [root@Zabbix-server fonts]# ls 25 | graphfont.ttf 26 | ``` 27 | 乱码修改成功： 28 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521225605792.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 29 | ###### 2. grafana的安装 30 | ```js 31 | # 下载grafana 32 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# axel https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/grafana-7.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm 33 | # 本地安装grafana 34 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# yum localinstall grafana-7.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm 35 | # 开机自启 36 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable grafana-server 37 | # 启动grafana 38 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start grafana-server 39 | ``` 40 | ###### 3. grafana插件的安装 41 | ```js 42 | # 查看所有的远程插件 43 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# grafana-cli plugins list-remote 44 | # 过滤找到grafana的zabbix插件 45 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# grafana-cli plugins list-remote|grep zabbix 46 | id: alexanderzobnin-zabbix-app version: 3.12.0 47 | # 根据id来安装插件,如果因为下载不了安装不上应该是网络的原因 48 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# grafana-cli plugins install alexanderzobnin-zabbix-app 49 | # 重启grafana 50 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart grafana-server 51 | ``` 52 | ###### 4. grafana的登录 53 | grafana默认运行在3000端口，使用默认的用户名和密码都是：admin 54 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052123421444.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 55 | 可以修改密码也可以跳过： 56 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521234306865.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 57 | 默认是Dark主题，你可以修改为Light主题： 58 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200521234824758.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 59 | >**可以使用Docker启用汉化版的grafana！** 60 | 61 | 启用Zabbix插件： 62 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522002344809.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 63 | ###### 5. 添加Zabbix数据源 64 | 我们的Zabbix和Grafama安装在同一台服务器上，所以URL部分输入localhost就可以。然后还需要输入Zabbix的用户名和密码： 65 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522003728536.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 66 | ###### 6. 添加Dashboards 67 | 直接导入grafana中默认已经存在的三个模板： 68 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522004347602.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 69 | 首先从官网下载一个Dashboards：[https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards?orderBy=name&direction=asc](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards?orderBy=name&direction=asc)，从文件或Grafana.com导入Dashboards： 70 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522004937738.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 71 | 下载这个仪表板： 72 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522005107606.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 73 | 选择zabbix源： 74 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522005439528.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 75 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020052200593826.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 76 | 没有相应的监控项，所有没有数据，应该是使用配套的模板来支持。另外你还可以选择自定义置Dashboards的显示样式： 77 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522010722853.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 78 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200522010747359.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 79 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /6.Zabbix4.0自定义模板.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 设置模板监控项 3 | 创建模板之前需要为模板创建监控项。这里以TCP连接的11种状态为监控项，首先需要找到这些监控项： 4 | ```js 5 | # TCP连接的11种状态 6 | [root@agent ~]# man netstat 7 | ``` 8 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601190842136.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 9 | ```js 10 | [root@agent ~]# cd /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/ 11 | # 把监控项目放到文件中便于批量添加到监控项配置文件中 12 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# vim a.txt 13 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# cat a.txt 14 | ESTABLISHED 15 | SYN_SENT 16 | SYN_RECV 17 | FIN_WAIT1 18 | FIN_WAIT2 19 | TIME_WAIT 20 | CLOSE 21 | CLOSE_WAIT 22 | LAST_ACK 23 | LISTEN 24 | CLOSING 25 | 26 | # 创建监控项配置文件 27 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# vim zbx_tcp.conf 28 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# >zbx_tcp.conf 29 | 30 | # 查看tcp连接的11种状态 31 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# netstat -ant 32 | Active Internet connections (servers and established) 33 | Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State 34 | tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 35 | tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 36 | tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 37 | tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:10050 10.0.0.2:51796 TIME_WAIT 38 | tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:10050 10.0.0.2:51716 TIME_WAIT 39 | tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:10050 10.0.0.2:51806 TIME_WAIT 40 | tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:10050 10.0.0.2:51680 TIME_WAIT 41 | tcp 0 0 10.0.0.3:10050 10.0.0.2:51782 TIME_WAIT 42 | ...... 43 | 44 | # LISTEN状态的数目 45 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# netstat -ant|grep -c LISTEN 46 | 6 47 | # TIME_WAIT状态的数目 48 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# netstat -ant|grep -c TIME_WAIT 49 | 68 50 | 51 | # 批量为监控项配置文件添加内容 52 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# for n in `cat a.txt`;do echo "UserParameter=$n,netstat -ant|grep -c $n">>zbx_tcp.conf;done; 53 | 54 | # 重启zabbix agent 55 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent 56 | 57 | # 重启zabbix server 58 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server 59 | 60 | # 获取agent上的监控项的值 61 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.3 -k LISTEN 62 | 6 63 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# zabbix_get -s 10.0.0.3 -k TIME_WAIT 64 | 63 65 | ``` 66 | 在Web界面上添加这些监控项： 67 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601175136170.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 68 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601175443541.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 69 | 使用克隆方便添加与之前类似的内容： 70 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601175625686.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 71 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601175745936.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 72 | 完成添加： 73 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601180357283.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 74 | 75 | ###### 2. 创建模板 76 | 创建模板，可以属于最大的群组： 77 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601181218585.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 78 | ###### 3. 监控项关联模板 79 | 批处理将监控项关联模板： 80 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601181637355.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 81 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601181536364.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 82 | >**`模板也是特殊的主机!!!`** 83 | ###### 4. 添加应用集 84 | 将所有监控项添加应用集： 85 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601183803407.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 86 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601183813302.png) 87 | ###### 5. 监控主机关联模板 88 | 监控主机可以关联很多监控不同类型监控项的模板： 89 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601184043600.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 90 | 91 | 设置不支持的监控项恢复时间为30s： 92 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/202006011847059.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 93 | 查看监控的最新数据： 94 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060118483893.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 95 | ###### 6. 导入模板注意事项 96 | 使用别人的模板，不止需要xml格式的模板，还需要模板对应的.conf结尾的监控项配置文件，以及取值脚本等。导入的模板如果和之前的重名，则需要修改名字。网上有很多模板，可以通过下面的链接获取： 97 | 98 | [https://share.zabbix.com/](https://share.zabbix.com/) 99 | [https://zabbix.org/wiki/Main_Page](https://zabbix.org/wiki/Main_Page) 100 | [https://github.com/monitoringartist/zabbix-community-repos](https://github.com/monitoringartist/zabbix-community-repos) 101 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /7.Zabbix4.0使用percona监控MySQL数据库.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 插件下载 3 | 4 | 插件下载地址：[https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-monitoring-plugins/LATEST/](https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-monitoring-plugins/LATEST/) 5 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601203041314.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 6 | ###### 2. 插件安装 7 | 接下来安装percona zabbix插件，这个插件是用来监控MySQL的。由于我的MySQL安装在了Zabbix Server(10.0.0.2)，所以这里就把插件安装在Zabbix Server上。需要注意的是插件是与Zabbix Agent结合使用的，所以这台Zabbix Server也要安装Zabbix Agent，当然在这之前我们已经在Zabbix Server上安装过Zabbix Agent。 8 | ```js 9 | # 下载插件rpm包 10 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-monitoring-plugins/percona-monitoring-plugins-1.1.8/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm 11 | 12 | # 安装插件 13 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# rpm -ivh percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm 14 | 警告：percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1.noarch.rpm: 头V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID cd2efd2a: NOKEY 15 | 准备中... ################################# [100%] 16 | 正在升级/安装... 17 | 1:percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.8-1 ################################# [100%] 18 | 19 | Scripts are installed to /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts 20 | Templates are installed to /var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates 21 | 22 | # 跳转到模板目录下，需要将配置项文件复制到/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/目录下 23 | [root@agent zabbix_agentd.d]# cd /var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates/ 24 | [root@agent templates]# ls 25 | userparameter_percona_mysql.conf zabbix_agent_template_percona_mysql_server_ht_2.0.9-sver1.1.8.xml 26 | [root@agent templates]# cp userparameter_percona_mysql.conf /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/ 27 | ``` 28 | ###### 3. 导入模板 29 | 将/var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates/下的模板文件zabbix_agent_template_percona_mysql_server_ht_2.0.9-sver1.1.8.xml拷贝出来，通过导入的方式添加这个模板。但是由于/var/lib/zabbix/percona/templates/下的模板版本比较低，所以不能成功导入。所以这里需要下载新的模板，模板下载地址：[zbx_percona_mysql_template.xml](https://yqall01.baidupcs.com/file/1d8671ec0c4ed833a46777d39eb58f17?bkt=en-40ebf341379bd9a09cbd46121497f4543ebb3655473caf8d6ef9b9418218d0140dd6568892d4d5d141c3b6ed568d139771bb1a12fb943b3047a173694e3df01d&fid=3598778341-250528-810203754126101&time=1591014563&sign=FDTAXUGERLQlBHSKfW-DCb740ccc5511e5e8fedcff06b081203-bVMhNz%2BfgBPvb%2BLL5iNu3zHYr1o%3D&to=74&size=517237&sta_dx=517237&sta_cs=3074&sta_ft=xml&sta_ct=7&sta_mt=7&fm2=MH%2CYangquan%2CAnywhere%2C%2Cshanghai%2Cct&ctime=1478267803&mtime=1506479460&resv0=-1&resv1=0&resv2=rlim&resv3=5&resv4=517237&vuk=1341537225&iv=0&htype=&randtype=&newver=1&newfm=1&secfm=1&flow_ver=3&pkey=en-4e460e445728adc605cb4aeb60cb37e30569194bf146d015ee12f5075bc56d04c1fbba276a910daeea857fe95a2d10ba156e71c40ad5c4fc305a5e1275657320&sl=68616270&expires=8h&rt=sh&r=895000670&vbdid=1608359299&fin=zbx_percona_mysql_template.xml&fn=zbx_percona_mysql_template.xml&rtype=1&dp-logid=3545109637442360956&dp-callid=0.1&hps=1&tsl=200&csl=200&fsl=-1&csign=D7MLdW2zR6RW6apozIPybJJqtDo%3D&so=0&ut=6&uter=4&serv=0&uc=3176236016&ti=8f692c02a37bcacc8a21722b98f4cd7d472fde114e9cbace&hflag=30&adg=c_e11812cf66835421ee7602a531b9185a&reqlabel=250528_f_7861bc33c58f0c7e60b5eed42fb788ec_-1_23c7c237e57ac19643ed7bc52f3ea722&by=themis)。![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060120323217.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 30 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601203345930.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 31 | ###### 4. 模板不兼容的处理 32 | 处理方式1：安装一个低版本的Zabbix 2.2，然后再导入这个模板 33 | 34 | 处理方式2：升级Zabbix 2.2到4.0，然后导出模板 35 | ###### 5. 测试取监控项的值 36 | 模板导入之后，要重启Zabbix Agent使模板生效。然后开始测试取MySQL监控的项的值。 37 | ```js 38 | # 模板导入之后，要重启Zabbix Agent使模板生效 39 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent 40 | # 查看监控项 41 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# cat userparameter_percona_mysql.conf 42 | UserParameter=MySQL.Sort-scan,/var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh kt 43 | UserParameter=MySQL.slave-stopped,/var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh jh 44 | UserParameter=MySQL.Com-replace,/var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh jz 45 | ... 46 | UserParameter=MySQL.running-slave,/var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh running-slave 47 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# sh -x /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh op 48 | ... 49 | # 使用调试模式执行取值的命令 50 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# sh -x /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh ij 51 | + ITEM= 52 | + HOST=localhost 53 | ++ dirname /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh 54 | + DIR=/var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts 55 | + CMD='/usr/bin/php -q /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/ss_get_mysql_stats.php --host localhost --items gg' 56 | + CACHEFILE=/tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 57 | ... 58 | # 执行这个php脚本取值 59 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# /usr/bin/php -q /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/ss_get_mysql_stats.php --host localhost --items gg 60 | gg:0[root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# 61 | 62 | # 如果报MySQL拒绝用户的错误，就需要修改连接MySQL的用户名密码等（如果是二进制安装的，一定要协商MySQL的socket路径） 63 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# vim /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/ss_get_mysql_stats.php 64 | $mysql_user = 'zabbix'; 65 | $mysql_pass = ''; 66 | $mysql_port = 3306; 67 | $mysql_socket = NULL; 68 | 69 | # 这时候就可以取值了 70 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# sh /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh ih 71 | 319916 72 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# /usr/bin/php -q /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/ss_get_mysql_stats.php --host localhost --items oj 73 | oj:6[root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# /usr/bin/php -q /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/ss_get_mysql_stats.php --host localhost --items ih 74 | ih:310965[root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# 75 | ``` 76 | 监控数据库不是每个监控项都要取一次值，而是监控一次生成缓存(文件)，**`5分钟之后把这个缓存文件删除`** 再监控下一次。每一次 **`监控的间隔默认是300s`**，可以通过修改 /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh 脚本来修改这个值。 77 | ```js 78 | # 修改脚本，将取值的默认间隔设置为30s 79 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# vim /var/lib/zabbix/percona/scripts/get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh 80 | 81 | # 缓存文件 82 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# ll /tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 83 | -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1393 6月 1 11:48 /tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 84 | ``` 85 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060123451266.png) 86 | ```js 87 | # 上面手动执行脚本取值生成的缓存文件的用户和用户组都是root，很容易出问题，提示权限拒绝，所以要删除。 88 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# rm -r /tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 89 | 90 | # 使用zabbix_get来取值，这里要把key复制粘贴下来，不要使用gg什么的 91 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -k MySQL.Open-files 92 | 5 93 | # 这时候临时的缓存文件属于zabbix用户和zabbix用户组 94 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# ll /tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 95 | -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 1398 6月 1 11:56 /tmp/localhost-mysql_cacti_stats.txt 96 | ``` 97 | >**`zabbix在执行脚本的时候使用的用户是zabbix`** 98 | ###### 6. 主机链接新模板 99 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601235814126.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 100 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200601235852242.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 101 | 设置每页显示200行，默认是50行： 102 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060200001163.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 103 | 设置间隔，与服务器中的设置一致是30s： 104 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602000344599.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 105 | 查看最新数据： 106 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602000456421.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 107 | ###### 7. 主从状态监控项 108 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602001017610.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 109 | 对于主库是没有MySQL同步进程的，所以主从状态监控项是取不到的，所以 **`需要禁用这个监控项`**。如果是从库，报帐号密码错误，可能是脚本的原因，get_mysql_stats_wrapper.sh： 110 | ```shell 111 | ITEM=$1 112 | HOST=localhost 113 | DIR=`dirname $0` 114 | CMD="/usr/bin/php -q $DIR/ss_get_mysql_stats.php --host $HOST --items gg" 115 | CACHEFILE="/tmp/$HOST-mysql_cacti_stats.txt" 116 | 117 | if [ "$ITEM" = "running-slave" ]; then 118 | # Check for running slave 119 | RES=`HOME=~zabbix mysql -e 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G' | egrep '(Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running):' | awk -F: '{print $2}' | tr '\n' ','` 120 | if [ "$RES" = " Yes, Yes," ]; then 121 | echo 1 122 | else 123 | echo 0 124 | fi 125 | exit 126 | elif [ -e $CACHEFILE ]; then 127 | # Check and run the script 128 | TIMEFLM=`stat -c %Y /tmp/$HOST-mysql_cacti_stats.txt` 129 | TIMENOW=`date +%s` 130 | if [ `expr $TIMENOW - $TIMEFLM` -gt 30 ]; then 131 | rm -f $CACHEFILE 132 | $CMD 2>&1 > /dev/null 133 | fi 134 | else 135 | $CMD 2>&1 > /dev/null 136 | fi 137 | 138 | # Parse cache file 139 | if [ -e $CACHEFILE ]; then 140 | cat $CACHEFILE | sed 's/ /\n/g; s/-1/0/g'| grep $ITEM | awk -F: '{print $2}' 141 | else 142 | echo "ERROR: run the command manually to investigate the problem: $CMD" 143 | fi 144 | ``` 145 | 那就可以试试不要使用zabbix用户取值，使用其它用户，如root用户。所以，需要修改： 146 | ```shell 147 | RES=`HOME=~zabbix mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G' | egrep '(Slave_IO_Running|Slave_SQL_Running):' | awk -F: '{print $2}' | tr '\n' ','` 148 | ``` 149 | ```js 150 | # 这里在没有修改的情况下也是可以取到值的，不过这里是主库，取到的值是0 151 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix_agentd.d]# zabbix_get -s 127.0.0.1 -k MySQL.running-slave 152 | 0 153 | ``` 154 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /8.Zabbix4.0自动化监控.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 自动化监控概述 3 | 自动化监控有两种方式，一种是自动发现，也就是根据ip一个个去扫描，但是 **`效率是比较低的`**。另外一种自动化监控的方式是Zabbix自带的 **`自动注册`**。下面将通过自动注册来完成自动化监控。 4 | ###### 2. 配置自动注册的动作 5 | 设置 **`动作`** 和一系列动作相关的操作。**`动作是自动注册的前提，不配置动作就不能完成自动注册，当把动作禁用后，那么就相当于把自动注册给关闭了。`** 6 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602005156782.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 7 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060200541889.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 8 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602005641655.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 9 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602010204999.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 10 | 完成一个自动注册的动作后，可以直接克隆在这个动作基础上作修改进添加新的的动作。这里添加了两个动作，一个是监控web主机的动作，另一个是监控数据库主机的动作： 11 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602010419865.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 12 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602010601274.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 13 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602103143178.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 14 | 动作添加完成后，可以先删除所有主机，等配置好Zabbix Agent的配置文件并重启后，监控界面就会显示被监控的主机。 15 | ###### 3. 配置Zabbix Agent的配置文件 16 | 配置Zabbix Agent配置文件的目的是设置元数据，与在Web界面上设置的一致，用来唯一标识一台机器。先来配置Zabbix Server所在机器上的Agent，测试动作是否设置成功。 17 | ```js 18 | [root@Zabbix-server ~]# cd /etc/zabbix/ 19 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix]# vim zabbix_agentd.conf 20 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix]# grep -Ev '^$|#' zabbix_agentd.conf 21 | ... 22 | Server=127.0.0.1 # 所在的主机IP 23 | ServerActive=127.0.0.1 # 与Server一样 24 | Hostname=Zabbix server # 主机名（会在web界面显示） 25 | HostMetadata=db # 元数据 26 | ... 27 | [root@Zabbix-server zabbix]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent 28 | ``` 29 | 重启之后，可以发现新增加了一台监控的主机（事先已经删除了所有监控主机）： 30 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602094539745.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 31 | 10.0.0.3的机器上也做同样的设置，只是需要修改Server必须是Zabbix Server所在的机器，也就是10.0.0.2，还有ServerActive=10.0.0.2。主机的名字可以自定义，元数据这里可以使用db。 32 | ```js 33 | [root@agent zabbix]# grep -Ev '^$|#' zabbix_agentd.conf 34 | ... 35 | Server=10.0.0.2 36 | ServerActive=10.0.0.2 37 | Hostname=10.0.0.3 38 | HostMetadata=web 39 | ... 40 | [root@agent zabbix]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent 41 | ``` 42 | 设置之后也会把这台主机监控起来： 43 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602102354704.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 44 | ###### 4. 动作日志 45 | 动作执行后，由于设置了发送邮件，会向管理员发送邮件，在动作日志中可以查看动作的执行日志： 46 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602114233568.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 47 | ###### 5. 报警时间设置 48 | 这部分是补充内容，当要求某些项目在指定时间不报警，可以右两种方法。第一种方法是全局设置，不推荐： 49 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602104200768.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 50 | 第二种是针对监控项设置报警时间： 51 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602104516754.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 52 | 不可以在触发器里配置。 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /9.Zabbix4.0 Agent主动模式.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. 主动模式与被动模式 3 |       默认情况下，Zabbix Agent是被动模式。被动模式下，Zabbix Server会一个监控项一个监控项地向Zabbix Agent上获取，**`获取非常频繁，消耗更多的资源`**。被动模式最大的特点是监控项更新几乎都是间隔1s。主动模式下，Zabbix Agent主动去找Zabbix Server获取任务清单，Zabbix Server会把任务清单发给Zabbix Agent。这样Zabbix就受到了这些监控项，Zabbix Agent采集这些监控项，**`一次性`** 发给Zabbix Server。当然一次性发送的监控项的数目也是有限制的。 4 | ###### 2. 批量设置主动模式 5 | 监控项的类型就可以看出使用了被动模式还是主动模式，如果类型是“Zabbix客户端”，则就是默认的被动模式： 6 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602111429298.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 7 | 可以从模板中修改，模板修改后，**`模板中对应的监控项也会随后发生改变`**。也可以到主机监控项中修改都是可以的，但是在主机监控项修改后，模板中的监控项是不会生效的，模板中的监控项是全局作用的。修改时间间隔什么的也是同样的道理： 8 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602111804538.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 9 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602113055432.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 10 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602113253786.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 11 | ###### 3. 简单检查类型 12 | 简单检查是Zabbix Server向Zabbix Agetn要数据，一般用在： 13 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602113703703.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 14 | vmware中用到的就是简单检查类型： 15 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020060211372868.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 16 | ###### 4. snmp模式队列阻塞的处理 17 | 建议升级Zabbix的版本，旧版本容易出现阻塞现象，如果是新版本，在创建主机或者修改主机信息时可以勾选 **`使用最大量需求`** 可以提高性能： 18 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200602114740113.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 19 | 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. 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Zabbix4.0的安装.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/1.Zabbix4.0%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85.md) 4 | ##### [2. Zabbix4.0添加监控主机.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/2.Zabbix4.0%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA.md) 5 | ##### [3. Zabbix4.0添加触发器.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/3.Zabbix4.0%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%E8%A7%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%99%A8.md) 6 | ##### [4. Zabbix4.0自定义报警.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/4.Zabbix4.0%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%8A%A5%E8%AD%A6.md) 7 | ##### [5. Zabbix4.0使用grafana自定义图形.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/5.Zabbix4.0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8grafana%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2.md) 8 | ##### [6. Zabbix4.0自定义模板.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/6.Zabbix4.0%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF.md) 9 | ##### [7. Zabbix4.0使用percona监控MySQL数据库.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/7.Zabbix4.0%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8percona%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7MySQL%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93.md) 10 | ##### [8. Zabbix4.0自动化监控.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/8.Zabbix4.0%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7.md) 11 | ##### [9. Zabbix4.0 Agent主动模式.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/9.Zabbix4.0%20Agent%E4%B8%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F.md) 12 | ##### [10. Zabbix4.0 版本升级.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/10.Zabbix4.0%20%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7.md) 13 | ##### [11. Zabbix4.0性能调优.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/11.Zabbix4.0%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E8%B0%83%E4%BC%98.md) 14 | ##### [12. Zabbix4.0分布式监控.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/12.Zabbix4.0%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7.md) 15 | ##### [13. Zabbix4.0中遇到的问题.md](https://github.com/ThanlonSmith/Zabbix-Tutorial/blob/master/Zabbix4.0%E4%B8%AD%E9%81%87%E5%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98.md) 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Zabbix4.0中遇到的问题.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | >@[toc] 2 | ###### 1. Please create database manually, and set the configuration parameters for connection to this database. Press "Next step" button when done. 3 | 问题来源：连接mariadb的时候总是连接不上 4 | 解决方法：创建zabbix数据库的时候应该这样创建：**`create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;`** 5 | ###### 2. Get value from agent failed: cannot connect to [[10.0.0.3]:10050]: [113] No route to host 6 | 问题来源：zabbix server连接监控主机时提示以上 7 | 解决方法：关闭监控主机的防火墙，**`systemctl stop firewalld`**，永久关闭使用 **`systemctl disable firewalld`**。 8 | ###### 3. cannot start alert manager service: Cannot bind socket to "/tmp/zabbix_server_alerter.sock": [13] Permission denied. 9 | 问题来源：Zabbix从低版本升级到高版本后重启Zabbix Server失败，日志报这个错误 10 | 解决方法：关闭SELINUX防火墙就可了，将SELINUX的值设置为disable，具体操作如下： 11 | ```js 12 | [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 13 | [root@localhost ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/selinux/config 14 | SELINUX=disable 15 | SELINUXTYPE=targeted 16 | ``` 17 | >**`配置完成后要重启系统!!!`** 18 | ###### 4. cannot start preprocessing service: Cannot bind socket to "/tmp/zabbix_server_preprocessing.sock": [13] Permission denied 19 | 问题来源：同上 20 | 解决方法：同上 21 | ###### 5.active check configuration update from [x.x.x.x:10051] started to fail (ZBX_TCP_READ() timed out) 22 | 问题来源：Zabbix Proxy下的客户端（Zabbix Agent）日志报错 23 | 解决方法：实际上这是不影响监控系统的使用，只需要在配置文件 **`/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf`** 中把 **`ServerActive=xxxx`** 给注释了，不用配置。 24 | ###### 6. failed to accept an incoming connection: connection from "x.x.x.x" rejected, allowed hosts: "x.x.x.x" 25 | 问题来源：使用Zabbix Proxy作代理监控Zabbix Agent时，客户端（Zabbix Agent）报错 26 | 解决方法：在Web页面上添加代理下的监控主机时，这些监控主机中Zabbix Agent的配置文件中 **`Hostname的值一定要于这里的“主机名称”的值完全相同`**。 27 | ```js 28 | [root@proxy-agent ~]# grep -Ev "^$|#" /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf 29 | ... 30 | Hostname=Zabbix agent 31 | ... 32 | ``` 33 | ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200604030805563.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L1RoYW5sb24=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70) 34 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------