2 | About the Authors
3 |
4 | Andreas M. Antonopoulos is a critically acclaimed bestselling author, speaker, and educator, and one of the world’s foremost Bitcoin and open blockchain experts. Andreas makes complex subjects accessible and easy to understand. He is known for delivering electric talks that combine economics, psychology, technology, and game theory with current events, personal anecdotes, and historical precedent—effortlessly transliterating the complex issues of blockchain technology out of the abstract and into the real world.
5 |
6 | In 2014, Andreas authored the groundbreaking book Mastering Bitcoin (O’Reilly Media), widely considered to be the best technical guide ever written about the technology. His second book, The Internet of Money (Merkle Bloom LLC)—which explains the technology’s potential impacts on human civilization—is a bestseller on Amazon. The much-anticipated second volume of The Internet of Money was released in fall 2017 and sold thousands of copies in the first month alone. Mastering Ethereum is his fourth book.
7 |
8 |
9 | Dr. Gavin Wood has a lifelong interest in the intersection of game theory, society, and technology. He began programming at the age of 9 and became an award winning developer during the Commodore Amiga while at the Royal Grammar School in Lancaster, UK. At the University of York he gained a PhD in computer science and cemented his reputation as a prolific open source coder, leading and contributing to many projects (the most prominent being KDE). His professional career includes time at a premier games house (creating a cross-platform high-performance audio engine) and Microsoft Research (writing embedded C++ domain-specific languages). Outside professional work he has taught maths, art and English to school children, and designed board games (including “Milton Keynes”), voting systems, and advanced programming tools (culminating in the first C++ language workbench). Two startups later, a mutual friend made the introduction to Vitalik Buterin, and within a few weeks he finished coding the first functional implementation of Ethereum. He quickly became Ethereum’s CTO and effective platform architect. He coined the terms “EVM,” “PoA,” and “Web 3.0,” with the latter being his forward-looking idea for the decentralized web platform. He devised the Solidity contract language and wrote the Yellow Paper, the first formal specification of any blockchain protocol and one of the key ways Ethereum distinguishes itself from other blockchains.
10 |
11 | In the months after Ethereum launched, Gavin left his position as CTO of the Ethereum Foundation with several others and founded Parity Technologies, a venture-backed firm set up to continue building out his original Ethereum vision. He now also serves as the founder and president of the Web3 Foundation and is currently focused on Polkadot, a next-generation blockchain intended to provide a platform for future innovations in the space.
12 |
13 |
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/code/auction_dapp/frontend/build/utils.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 'use strict'
2 | const path = require('path')
3 | const config = require('../config')
4 | const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
5 | const packageConfig = require('../package.json')
6 |
7 | exports.assetsPath = function (_path) {
8 | const assetsSubDirectory = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
9 | ? config.build.assetsSubDirectory
10 | : config.dev.assetsSubDirectory
11 |
12 | return path.posix.join(assetsSubDirectory, _path)
13 | }
14 |
15 | exports.cssLoaders = function (options) {
16 | options = options || {}
17 |
18 | const cssLoader = {
19 | loader: 'css-loader',
20 | options: {
21 | sourceMap: options.sourceMap
22 | }
23 | }
24 |
25 | const postcssLoader = {
26 | loader: 'postcss-loader',
27 | options: {
28 | sourceMap: options.sourceMap
29 | }
30 | }
31 |
32 | // generate loader string to be used with extract text plugin
33 | function generateLoaders (loader, loaderOptions) {
34 | const loaders = options.usePostCSS ? [cssLoader, postcssLoader] : [cssLoader]
35 |
36 | if (loader) {
37 | loaders.push({
38 | loader: loader + '-loader',
39 | options: Object.assign({}, loaderOptions, {
40 | sourceMap: options.sourceMap
41 | })
42 | })
43 | }
44 |
45 | // Extract CSS when that option is specified
46 | // (which is the case during production build)
47 | if (options.extract) {
48 | return ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
49 | use: loaders,
50 | fallback: 'vue-style-loader'
51 | })
52 | } else {
53 | return ['vue-style-loader'].concat(loaders)
54 | }
55 | }
56 |
57 | // https://vue-loader.vuejs.org/en/configurations/extract-css.html
58 | return {
59 | css: generateLoaders(),
60 | postcss: generateLoaders(),
61 | less: generateLoaders('less'),
62 | sass: generateLoaders('sass', { indentedSyntax: true }),
63 | scss: generateLoaders('sass'),
64 | stylus: generateLoaders('stylus'),
65 | styl: generateLoaders('stylus')
66 | }
67 | }
68 |
69 | // Generate loaders for standalone style files (outside of .vue)
70 | exports.styleLoaders = function (options) {
71 | const output = []
72 | const loaders = exports.cssLoaders(options)
73 |
74 | for (const extension in loaders) {
75 | const loader = loaders[extension]
76 | output.push({
77 | test: new RegExp('\\.' + extension + '$'),
78 | use: loader
79 | })
80 | }
81 |
82 | return output
83 | }
84 |
85 | exports.createNotifierCallback = () => {
86 | const notifier = require('node-notifier')
87 |
88 | return (severity, errors) => {
89 | if (severity !== 'error') return
90 |
91 | const error = errors[0]
92 | const filename = error.file && error.file.split('!').pop()
93 |
94 | notifier.notify({
95 | title: packageConfig.name,
96 | message: severity + ': ' + error.name,
97 | subtitle: filename || '',
98 | icon: path.join(__dirname, 'logo.png')
99 | })
100 | }
101 | }
102 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/code/auction_dapp/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Decentralized Auction Application on Ethereum
2 |
3 | This project aims to implement basic functionalities of an auction platform using Ethereum.
4 |
5 | ## Requirements
6 |
7 | 
8 |
9 | The application should be decentralized and utilize Ethereum's stack:
10 |
11 | 1. Smart contracts for business logic(auctions, bids, refund and transfer of ownership)
12 | 2. Swarm for data storage(image and metadata)
13 | 3. Whisper for a peer-to-peer messaging(chatrooms)
14 |
15 | ### Deed Repository
16 | Manage non-fungible tokens by implementing an asset/token/deed repository which holds unique asset/token/deed.
17 |
18 | #### ERC: Non-fungible Token Standard #721 (NFT)
19 | See following link:
20 | https://github.com/ethereum/eips/issues/721
21 |
22 | ### Auction Repository
23 |
24 | Auction repository MUST act as an auction house which does the following:
25 |
26 | - Holds asset/token/deed that is to be auctioned(ERC721 Ownership by smart contract)
27 | - Allows users bid on auctions
28 | - Keeps track of auctions/bids/ownership
29 | - Transfers ownership of asset/token/deed to winder
30 | - Transfers Funds to auction creator if auction is ended and there is at least one winner
31 | - Cancels auction and deal with refunds
32 | - UI to interact with the above functionality
33 |
34 | ### Front-end: Vuejs2.x + Vuetify
35 |
36 | The front-end is developed using a reactive UI framework with integration of Vuetify, a Google's Material Design implementation.
37 |
38 | ## Implementation/Data flow
39 |
40 | #### 1. Register an ERC721 Non-Fungible Token with the AuctionDaap Deed Repository
41 |
42 | The idea of a Deed Repository is used across this project to hold any NFT with metadata attached to. A token/deed is registered by giving a unique ID and attaching metadata(TokenURI). The metadata is what makes each token important or valuable.
43 |
44 | #### 2. Transfer Ownership of the NFT to AuctionRepository(Auction house)
45 |
46 | The Auction house needs to verify that a NFT is owned by the auction creator, therefore before the auction is created, the owner should transfer the ownership of the NFT to the AuctionRepository smart contract address.
47 |
48 | #### 3. Create Auction for NFT
49 |
50 | Creating the auction is a simple process of entering auction details such as name, starting price, expiry date etc. The important part is to have the reference between the deed and the auction.
51 |
52 | #### 4. Bid on Auction
53 |
54 | Anyone can bid on an auction except the owner of the auction. Biding means that previous bidders are refunded and new bid is placed. Bid requirements are as follow:
55 | 1. Auction not expired
56 | 2. Bidder is not auction owner
57 | 3. Bid amount is greator than current bid or starting price(if no bid)
58 |
59 | #### 5. Refunds
60 |
61 | If an auction is canceled, the Auction Repository MUST return the ownership of the asset/token/deed back to the auction creator and refund bidders if any.
62 |
63 | #### 6. Bidder Win Auction
64 |
65 | If there is an auction winner, the asset/token/deed is transferred to the bidder and the bid amount is sent to the auction creator.
66 |
67 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/praise.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | Praise for Mastering Ethereum
3 |
4 |
5 | “Mastering Ethereum is a fantastically thorough guide, from basics to state-of-the-art practices in smart contract programming, by two of the most eloquent blockchain educators."
6 | Manuel Araoz, CTO, Zeppelin
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 | Mastering Bitcoin is the canonical reference that made Bitcoin and blockchain technology accessible to a broad audience, and Mastering Ethereum does the same for the Ethereum world computer.
11 | Lane Rettig, Ethereum core developer
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 | “Mastering Ethereum is the absolute best book to read if you’re ready to build your own DApp! Andreas and Gavin have put together a comprehensive guide for anyone interested in the decentralized web and how to build decentralized applications.”
16 | Taylor Gerring, Executive Director, Blockchain Institute
17 |
18 |
19 |
20 | “I had the privilege of having access to Andreas’ and Gav’s book Mastering Ethereum, and I have to say I’m amazed at its breadth, scope, and accessibility. It has it all: a deep history of Ethereum, explanations of elliptical curve mathematics, solidity tutorials, and legal debates on utility tokens and ICOs. It’s deep enough that it can be used as a whole syllabus of reference material, yet it’s accessible enough that anyone who is merely math-curious can understand. After reading a few chapters on the topic, I feel I have a much more solid understanding of many of the underlying cryptographic primitives. If you’re a researcher, a developer, a manager, a lawyer, a student, or anyone curious about where the future of tech is going, I highly recommend having Mastering Ethereum on your shelf.”
21 | Alex Van de Sande, designer, Ethereum Foundation
22 |
23 |
24 |
25 | “Mastering Ethereum will become a must-read in the future, as Ethereum is going to be as ubiquitous as TCP/IP. It will become a necessary layer under which decentralized, trustless technologies live and thrive.”
26 | Hudson Jameson, Community Organizer, Ethereum Foundation
27 |
28 |
29 |
30 | “Mastering Ethereum is the perfect book for anyone who wants to learn more about Ethereum, whether you're looking to test the waters or dive straight into the deep end. Between Gavin Wood's technical knowledge of Ethereum's inner workings and Andreas Antonopoulos' ability to make complex subjects approachable, you get the best of both worlds with this book. I only wish it had been around when I first started diving into Ethereum.”
31 | Taylor Monahan, Founder and CEO of MyCrypto
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/code/auction_dapp/backend/test/1_auctionrepository.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | var AuctionRepository = artifacts.require("./AuctionRepository.sol");
2 | //var DeedRepository = artifacts.require("./DeedRepository.sol");
3 | const fs = require('fs');
4 |
5 | contract('AuctionRepository', async (accounts) => {
6 |
7 | it("It should check if the auction repository is initialized", async () => {
8 | let instance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
9 | fs.writeFileSync('./test/output.address', instance.address);
10 | let auctionLength = await instance.getAuctionsCount();
11 | assert.equal(auctionLength.valueOf(), 0, `${auctionLength} auctions instead of 0`);
12 | });
13 |
14 | // it("It should approve transfer of ownership of the 123456789 token", async () => {
15 | // //let instance = await DeedRepository.deployed();
16 | // //let totalSupply = await instance.totalSupply();
17 |
18 | // let auctionInstance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
19 | // let auctionAddress = auctionInstance.address;
20 | // await instance.approve(auctionAddress, 123456789);
21 |
22 | // // console.log('this auction address:', auctionAddress, ' deedrepo instance addr', instance.address);
23 | // let address = await instance.getApproved(123456789);
24 | // assert.equal(address.valueOf(), auctionAddress, `${address} should be equal to ${auctionAddress}`);
25 | // });
26 |
27 | // it("It should transfer ownership of deed to this contract", async () => {
28 | // let instance = await DeedRepository.deployed();
29 | // let auctionInstance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
30 | // let auctionAddress = auctionInstance.address;
31 | // await instance.transferFrom( accounts[0] ,auctionAddress, 123456789, { from: accounts[0]});
32 | // let newOwnerAddress = await instance.ownerOf(123456789);
33 | // //let success = await instance.isApprovedOrOwner(auctionAddress, 123456789)
34 | // assert.equal(newOwnerAddress.valueOf(), auctionAddress, `${newOwnerAddress} should be ${auctionAddress}`);
35 | // });
36 |
37 | // it(`It should create an auction under ${accounts[0]} account`, async () => {
38 | // let instance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
39 | // await instance.createAuction(accounts[0], 123456789, "MYNFT", "meta://", 10, 1533772800, accounts[0] );
40 | // let auctionCount = await instance.getAuctionsCountOfOwner(accounts[0]);
41 | // assert.equal(auctionCount.valueOf(), 1, `auctions of ${accounts[0]} should be 1`);
42 | // });
43 |
44 | // it(`It should bid on the last auction`, async () => {
45 | // let instance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
46 | // await instance.bidOnAuction(0, 1000);
47 | // let bidsCount = await instance.getBidsCount(0);
48 | // assert.equal(bidsCount.valueOf(), 1, `bids should be 1`);
49 | // });
50 |
51 | // it(`It should bid on the last auction`, async () => {
52 | // let instance = await AuctionRepository.deployed();
53 | // await instance.bidOnAuction(0, 10000 );
54 | // let bidsCount = await instance.getBidsCount(0);
55 | // assert.equal(bidsCount.valueOf(), 2, `bids should be 1`);
56 | // });
57 |
58 |
59 | });
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/code/auction_dapp/frontend/src/main.js:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | import Vue from 'vue'
2 | import App from './App'
3 | import Config from './config'
4 | import router from './router'
5 | import Vuetify from 'vuetify'
6 | import VueResource from 'vue-resource'
7 | import { ChatRoom } from './models/ChatRoom'
8 | import { DeedRepository } from './models/DeedRepository'
9 | import { AuctionRepository } from './models/AuctionRepository'
10 |
11 | // rename to avoid conflict between metamask
12 | // will be used for whisper v5/6
13 | var Web3_1 = require('web3')
14 |
15 | Vue.use(VueResource)
16 | Vue.use(Vuetify)
17 | Vue.config.productionTip = false
18 |
19 | // state management
20 | var store = {
21 | debug: true,
22 | state: {
23 | // metamask state variable
24 | metamask: {
25 | web3DefaultAccount: '',
26 | metamaskInstalled: false,
27 | networkId: '',
28 | },
29 |
30 | // local web3 instance(not metamask)
31 | web3 : null,
32 |
33 | },
34 | networkReady() {
35 | return this.getNetworkId() != '' && this.getMetamaskInstalled() && this.getWeb3DefaultAccount() != ''
36 | },
37 | setNetworkId(networkId) {
38 | this.state.metamask.networkId = networkId
39 | },
40 | getNetworkId() {
41 | return this.state.metamask.networkId
42 | },
43 |
44 | setWeb3DefaultAccount(account) {
45 | this.state.metamask.web3DefaultAccount = account
46 | },
47 | getWeb3DefaultAccount() {
48 | return this.state.metamask.web3DefaultAccount
49 | },
50 |
51 | setMetamaskInstalled(){
52 | this.state.metamask.metamaskInstalled = true
53 | },
54 | getMetamaskInstalled(){
55 | return this.state.metamask.metamaskInstalled
56 | },
57 |
58 | getRandomInt(min, max) {
59 | return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min
60 | }
61 | }
62 |
63 |
64 | Vue.mixin({
65 | created: function () {
66 | // Inject the models to components
67 | this.$chatroomInstance = new ChatRoom()
68 | this.$deedRepoInstance = new DeedRepository()
69 | this.$auctionRepoInstance = new AuctionRepository()
70 |
71 | this.$chatroomInstance.setWeb3(new Web3_1(Config.SHH_ENDPOINT))
72 |
73 | // one instance of web3 available to all components
74 | if (typeof web3 !== 'undefined') {
75 | web3 = new Web3(web3.currentProvider)
76 | this.$auctionRepoInstance.setWeb3(web3)
77 | this.$deedRepoInstance.setWeb3(web3)
78 |
79 | store.setMetamaskInstalled()
80 | web3.version.getNetwork((err, netId) => {
81 | store.setNetworkId(netId)
82 | })
83 | // pull accounts every 2 seconds
84 | setInterval(() => {
85 | web3.eth.getAccounts((err, data) => {
86 | if(data.length > 0) store.setWeb3DefaultAccount(data[0])
87 | })
88 | }, 2000)
89 | }
90 | // inject config to components
91 | this.$config = Config
92 | }
93 | })
94 |
95 |
96 | new Vue({
97 | el: '#app',
98 | data: {
99 | globalState: store,
100 | },
101 | router,
102 | template: '
2 | Mastering Ethereum
3 |
4 | by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Dr. Gavin Wood
5 |
6 | Copyright © 2019 The Ethereum Book LLC, Gavin Wood. All rights reserved.
7 |
8 | Printed in the United States of America.
9 |
10 | Published by O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
11 |
12 | O'Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://oreilly.com/safari). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
13 |
14 |
15 | - Acquisitions Editor: Rachel Roumeliotis
16 | - Developmental Editor: Michele Cronin
17 | - GitHub Editor: Will Binns
18 | - Production Editors: Nicholas Adams
and Kristen Brown
19 | - Copyeditor: Rachel Head
20 | - Proofreader: Kim Cofer
21 | - Indexer: WordCo Indexing Services, Inc.
22 | - Interior Designer: David Futato
23 | - Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
24 | - Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
25 |
26 |
27 |
28 | - December 2018: First Edition
29 |
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
Revision History for the First Edition
34 |
35 |
36 | - 2018-11-13: First Release
37 |
38 |
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491971949 for release details.
41 |
42 |
43 |
The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Mastering Ethereum, the cover image, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
44 |
45 |
The views expressed in this work are those of the authors, and do not represent the publisher's views. While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
49 |
50 |
Mastering Ethereum is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-
51 | Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND
52 | 4.0). The author maintains an online version at https://github.com/ethereumbook/ethereumbook.
53 |
56 |
978-1-491-97194-9
57 |
58 |
[LSI]
59 |
3 | 