19 |
20 | ## :open_book: Project Overview :
21 |
22 | This project have been created to show how IAT hooking works.
23 |
24 | You can easily hook any functions in the IAT, you can also change the module you want to target.
25 |
26 | > **Note**
27 | > This project can be compiled for x86 and x64 architecture.
28 |
29 | ## :rocket: Getting Started
30 |
31 | ### Visual Studio :
32 |
33 | 1. Open the solution file (.sln).
34 | 2. Build the project in Release (x86 or x64)
35 |
36 | Build for x86 / x64 (Debug and Realese).
37 |
38 | ## :test_tube: Example
39 |
40 | #### MessageBoxA Hook
41 |
42 | ```cpp
43 | using MessageBoxPtr = int(WINAPI*)(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType);
44 | MessageBoxPtr MessageBoxTest;
45 |
46 | //MessageBoxA function hook.
47 | int WINAPI MessageBoxHook(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType)
48 | {
49 | printf("MessageBoxA have been called !\n");
50 |
51 | return MessageBoxTest(nullptr, "This function have been hooked !", "test", 0);
52 | }
53 |
54 | int main()
55 | {
56 | //Hook the MessageBoxA function
57 | const LPVOID lpOrgFunction = IAT::Hook("user32.dll", "MessageBoxA", &MessageBoxHook);
58 | if (lpOrgFunction == nullptr)
59 | return -1;
60 |
61 | MessageBoxTest = (MessageBoxPtr)lpOrgFunction;
62 |
63 | MessageBoxA(nullptr, "This will never be displayed !", "test", 0);
64 |
65 | //Unhook the MessageBoxA function
66 | IAT::Hook("user32.dll", "MessageBoxA", lpOrgFunction);
67 |
68 | MessageBoxA(nullptr, "This function have been unhooked !", "test", 0);
69 |
70 | return 0;
71 | }
72 | ```
73 |
74 | https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/48086737/164978507-009e19fa-ecb8-4b09-a39b-0ba1bafddfc7.mp4
75 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Source/IAT Hook/IAT Hook.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #include "IAT Hook.h"
2 |
3 | #include
4 | #include
5 | #include
6 | #include
7 |
8 | /**
9 | * Function who retrieve the base address of the main module of the current process.
10 | * \return : the base address if it's successfull else nullptr
11 | */
12 | LPVOID IAT::GetCurrentProcessModule()
13 | {
14 | char lpCurrentModuleName[MAX_PATH];
15 |
16 | char lpImageName[MAX_PATH];
17 |
18 | GetProcessImageFileNameA(GetCurrentProcess(), lpImageName, MAX_PATH);
19 |
20 | MODULEENTRY32 ModuleList{};
21 | ModuleList.dwSize = sizeof(ModuleList);
22 |
23 | const HANDLE hProcList = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPMODULE, 0);
24 | if (hProcList == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
25 | return nullptr;
26 |
27 | if (!Module32First(hProcList, &ModuleList))
28 | return nullptr;
29 |
30 | wcstombs_s(nullptr, lpCurrentModuleName, ModuleList.szModule, MAX_PATH);
31 | lpCurrentModuleName[MAX_PATH - 1] = '\0';
32 |
33 | if (StrStrIA(lpImageName, lpCurrentModuleName) != nullptr)
34 | return ModuleList.hModule;
35 |
36 | while (Module32Next(hProcList, &ModuleList))
37 | {
38 | wcstombs_s(nullptr, lpCurrentModuleName, ModuleList.szModule, MAX_PATH);
39 | lpCurrentModuleName[MAX_PATH - 1] = '\0';
40 |
41 | if (StrStrIA(lpImageName, lpCurrentModuleName) != nullptr)
42 | return ModuleList.hModule;
43 | }
44 |
45 | return nullptr;
46 | }
47 |
48 | /**
49 | * Function to hook functions in the IAT of a specified module.
50 | * \param lpModuleName : name of the module wich contains the function you want to hook.
51 | * \param lpFunctionName : name of the function you want to hook.
52 | * \param lpFunction : pointer of the new function.
53 | * \param lpTargetModuleName : name of the module you want to target.
54 | * \return : the pointer of the original function or nullptr if it failed.
55 | */
56 | LPVOID IAT::Hook(LPCSTR lpModuleName, LPCSTR lpFunctionName, const LPVOID lpFunction, LPCSTR lpTargetModuleName)
57 | {
58 | const HANDLE hModule = GetModuleHandleA(lpTargetModuleName);
59 | const auto lpImageDOSHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)(hModule);
60 | if (lpImageDOSHeader == nullptr)
61 | return nullptr;
62 |
63 | const auto lpImageNtHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageDOSHeader->e_lfanew);
64 |
65 | const IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY ImportDataDirectory = lpImageNtHeader->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
66 | auto lpImageImportDescriptor = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)((DWORD_PTR)hModule + ImportDataDirectory.VirtualAddress);
67 |
68 | while (lpImageImportDescriptor->Characteristics != 0)
69 | {
70 | const auto lpCurrentModuleName = (LPSTR)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->Name);
71 | if (_stricmp(lpCurrentModuleName, lpModuleName) != 0)
72 | {
73 | lpImageImportDescriptor++;
74 | continue;
75 | }
76 |
77 | auto lpImageOrgThunkData = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->OriginalFirstThunk);
78 | auto lpImageThunkData = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->FirstThunk);
79 |
80 | while (lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.AddressOfData != 0)
81 | {
82 | if (lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG)
83 | {
84 | lpImageThunkData++;
85 | lpImageOrgThunkData++;
86 | continue;
87 | }
88 |
89 | const auto lpImportData = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.AddressOfData);
90 |
91 | if (strcmp(lpFunctionName, lpImportData->Name) == 0)
92 | {
93 | DWORD dwJunk = 0;
94 | MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
95 |
96 | VirtualQuery(lpImageThunkData, &mbi, sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION));
97 | if (!VirtualProtect(mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, PAGE_READWRITE, &mbi.Protect))
98 | return nullptr;
99 |
100 | const auto lpOrgFunction = (LPVOID)lpImageThunkData->u1.Function;
101 |
102 | #if defined _M_IX86
103 | lpImageThunkData->u1.Function = (DWORD_PTR)lpFunction;
104 | #elif defined _M_X64
105 | lpImageThunkData->u1.Function = (DWORD_PTR)lpFunction;
106 | #endif
107 |
108 | if (VirtualProtect(mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, mbi.Protect, &dwJunk))
109 | return lpOrgFunction;
110 | }
111 |
112 | lpImageThunkData++;
113 | lpImageOrgThunkData++;
114 | }
115 |
116 | lpImageImportDescriptor++;
117 | }
118 |
119 | return nullptr;
120 | }
121 |
122 | /**
123 | * Function to hook functions in the IAT of a the main module of the process.
124 | * \param lpModuleName : name of the module wich contains the function.
125 | * \param lpFunctionName : name of the function you want to hook.
126 | * \param lpFunction : pointer of the new function.
127 | * \return : the pointer of the original function or nullptr if it failed.
128 | */
129 | LPVOID IAT::Hook(LPCSTR lpModuleName, LPCSTR lpFunctionName, const LPVOID lpFunction)
130 | {
131 | const LPVOID hModule = GetCurrentProcessModule();
132 | const auto lpImageDOSHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)(hModule);
133 | if (lpImageDOSHeader == nullptr)
134 | return nullptr;
135 |
136 | const auto lpImageNtHeader = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageDOSHeader->e_lfanew);
137 |
138 | const IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY ImportDataDirectory = lpImageNtHeader->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
139 | auto lpImageImportDescriptor = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)((DWORD_PTR)hModule + ImportDataDirectory.VirtualAddress);
140 |
141 | while (lpImageImportDescriptor->Characteristics != 0)
142 | {
143 | const auto lpCurrentModuleName = (LPSTR)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->Name);
144 | if (_stricmp(lpCurrentModuleName, lpModuleName) != 0)
145 | {
146 | lpImageImportDescriptor++;
147 | continue;
148 | }
149 |
150 | auto lpImageOrgThunkData = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->OriginalFirstThunk);
151 | auto lpImageThunkData = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageImportDescriptor->FirstThunk);
152 |
153 | while (lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.AddressOfData != 0)
154 | {
155 | if (lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG)
156 | {
157 | lpImageThunkData++;
158 | lpImageOrgThunkData++;
159 | continue;
160 | }
161 |
162 | const auto lpImportData = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME)((DWORD_PTR)lpImageDOSHeader + lpImageOrgThunkData->u1.AddressOfData);
163 |
164 | if (strcmp(lpFunctionName, lpImportData->Name) == 0)
165 | {
166 | DWORD dwJunk = 0;
167 | MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
168 |
169 | VirtualQuery(lpImageThunkData, &mbi, sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION));
170 | if (!VirtualProtect(mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, PAGE_READWRITE, &mbi.Protect))
171 | return nullptr;
172 |
173 | const auto lpOrgFunction = (LPVOID)lpImageThunkData->u1.Function;
174 |
175 | #if defined _M_IX86
176 | lpImageThunkData->u1.Function = (DWORD_PTR)lpFunction;
177 | #elif defined _M_X64
178 | lpImageThunkData->u1.Function = (DWORD_PTR)lpFunction;
179 | #endif
180 |
181 | if (VirtualProtect(mbi.BaseAddress, mbi.RegionSize, mbi.Protect, &dwJunk))
182 | return lpOrgFunction;
183 | }
184 |
185 | lpImageThunkData++;
186 | lpImageOrgThunkData++;
187 | }
188 |
189 | lpImageImportDescriptor++;
190 | }
191 |
192 | return nullptr;
193 | }
194 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/Source/IAT Hook/IAT Hook.vcxproj:
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/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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293 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 | included in conveying the object code work.
296 |
297 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 | the only significant mode of use of the product.
309 |
310 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 | modification has been made.
317 |
318 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 | been installed in ROM).
328 |
329 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 | protocols for communication across the network.
336 |
337 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 | unpacking, reading or copying.
342 |
343 | 7. Additional Terms.
344 |
345 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions.
353 |
354 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
360 |
361 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
364 |
365 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
367 |
368 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or
371 |
372 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
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375 |
376 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
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379 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
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382 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
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384 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 | those licensors and authors.
387 |
388 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying.
397 |
398 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 | where to find the applicable terms.
402 |
403 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 | the above requirements apply either way.
406 |
407 | 8. Termination.
408 |
409 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 | paragraph of section 11).
414 |
415 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation.
421 |
422 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 | your receipt of the notice.
428 |
429 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 | material under section 10.
434 |
435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
436 |
437 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
445 |
446 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
447 |
448 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
452 |
453 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
462 |
463 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
470 |
471 | 11. Patents.
472 |
473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
476 |
477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 | this License.
486 |
487 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version.
491 |
492 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 | patent against the party.
498 |
499 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 |
513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 |
521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 |
536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 |
540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 |
542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 |
552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 |
554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 |
563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 |
565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 |
570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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