├── dot11anonymizer-example.png ├── .gitignore ├── README.md ├── dot11anonymizer.py └── LICENSE /dot11anonymizer-example.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/adriangranados/dot11anonymizer/HEAD/dot11anonymizer-example.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Virtualenv 2 | .Python 3 | [Bb]in 4 | [Ii]nclude 5 | [Ll]ib 6 | [Ll]ib64 7 | [Ll]ocal 8 | [Ss]cripts 9 | pyvenv.cfg 10 | .venv 11 | pip-selfcheck.json 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # dot11anonymizer 2 | 3 | This is a Python script that anonymizes 802.11 Layer 2 information found in capture files. It supports the following 802.11 Layer 2 identifiable fields: 4 | 5 | - MAC addresses (OUIs are preserved) 6 | - SSID 7 | - Alcatel, Arista, Aruba, Cisco, Extreme Networks, Fortinet, Huawei, MikroTik/Routerboard, Mist, Ruckus, and Zebra AP names (if present) 8 | - HESSID (Hotspot 2.0) 9 | - P2P Device ID (Wi-Fi Alliance P2P Specification) 10 | - Device Name (WiFi Protected Setup) 11 | - Model and serial number (Fortinet APs) 12 | 13 | ![Original vs. Anonymized Capture File](../master/dot11anonymizer-example.png "Original vs. Anonymized Capture File") 14 | 15 | ## Requirements 16 | 17 | You need Python3 and [Scapy](https://github.com/secdev/scapy). 18 | 19 | ## Usage 20 | 21 | ```bash 22 | python dot11anonymizer.py [ ...] 23 | ``` 24 | where `````` is a capture file that contains 802.11 frames with [Radiotap](http://www.radiotap.org/) headers. 25 | 26 | The script generates a copy of the file ending with the suffix ```-anonymized.pcap``` in the same location as the original file. 27 | 28 | For example: 29 | 30 | ```bash 31 | python dot11anonymizer.py ~/Desktop/mycapture.pcap 32 | ``` 33 | generates ```~/Desktop/mycapture-anonymized.pcap``` 34 | 35 | ## Notes 36 | 37 | Since modifications to the frame will result in a different frame checksum, the script automatically fixes the FCS field for frames that originally had a good FCS. For frames that originally had a bad FCS, the script will set the FCS field to ```0x00000000``` to ensure that the FCS remains bad after any modifications. 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /dot11anonymizer.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # 2 | # dot11anonymizer.py 3 | # This script anonymizes 802.11 Layer 2 information found in capture files. 4 | # Version 2.2.1 5 | # 6 | # Copyright (c) 2019-2021 Adrian Granados. All rights reserved. 7 | # 8 | # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 9 | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 10 | # the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 11 | # (at your option) any later version. 12 | # 13 | # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 14 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 15 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 16 | # GNU General Public License for more details. 17 | # 18 | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 19 | # along with this program. If not, see . 20 | # 21 | # Notes: 22 | # - It only supports captures using Radiotap as the data-link type. 23 | # - It anonymizes MAC addresses (OUIs are preserved), SSID, device name (if present) 24 | # and other identifiable fields found in the WPS, Interworking (Hotspot 2.0) 25 | # and Wi-Fi Alliance P2P information elements. 26 | # 27 | 28 | import binascii 29 | import struct 30 | import zlib 31 | from scapy.all import * 32 | 33 | addr_map = {} # map of anonymized MAC addresses 34 | 35 | ssid_map = {} # map of anonymized SSIDs 36 | ssid_num = 0 # counter to suffix anonymized SSIDs 37 | 38 | dev_name_map = {} # map of anonymized device names 39 | dev_name_num = 0 # counter to suffix anonymized device names 40 | 41 | model_map = {} # map of anonymized models 42 | model_num = 0 # counter to suffix anonymized models 43 | 44 | sn_map = {} # map of anonymized serial numbers 45 | sn_num = 0 # counter to suffix anonymized serial numbers 46 | 47 | def zero_pad_buffer(buf, buflen): 48 | if len(buf) < buflen: 49 | for x in range(0, buflen - len(buf)): 50 | buf = buf + b'\0' 51 | return buf 52 | 53 | def anonymize_address(addr): 54 | 55 | global addr_map 56 | 57 | anonymized_addr = addr 58 | 59 | if addr: 60 | if addr != 'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff': 61 | anonymized_addr = addr_map.get(addr) 62 | if not anonymized_addr: 63 | anonymized_addr = addr[:8] + \ 64 | ":%02x" % (random.randint(0, 255)) + \ 65 | ":%02x" % (random.randint(0, 255)) + \ 66 | ":%02x" % (random.randint(0, 255)) 67 | addr_map[addr] = anonymized_addr 68 | 69 | return anonymized_addr 70 | 71 | def anonymize_ssid(ssid): 72 | 73 | global ssid_map 74 | global ssid_num 75 | 76 | anonymized_ssid = ssid 77 | 78 | if ssid: 79 | anonymized_ssid = ssid_map.get(ssid) 80 | if not anonymized_ssid: 81 | ssid_num += 1 82 | anonymized_ssid = bytes("SSID_" + str(ssid_num), encoding='ascii') 83 | ssid_map[ssid] = anonymized_ssid 84 | 85 | return anonymized_ssid 86 | 87 | def anonymize_dev_name(dev_name): 88 | 89 | global dev_name_map 90 | global dev_name_num 91 | 92 | anonymized_dev_name = dev_name 93 | 94 | if dev_name: 95 | anonymized_dev_name = dev_name_map.get(dev_name) 96 | if not anonymized_dev_name: 97 | dev_name_num += 1 98 | anonymized_dev_name = bytes("AP_" + str(dev_name_num), encoding='ascii') 99 | dev_name_map[dev_name] = anonymized_dev_name 100 | 101 | return anonymized_dev_name 102 | 103 | def anonymize_model(model): 104 | 105 | global model_map 106 | global model_num 107 | 108 | anonymized_model = model 109 | 110 | if model: 111 | anonymized_model = model_map.get(model) 112 | if not anonymized_model: 113 | model_num += 1 114 | anonymized_model = bytes("Model_" + str(model_num), encoding='ascii') 115 | model_map[model] = anonymized_model 116 | 117 | return anonymized_model 118 | 119 | def anonymize_serial_number(sn): 120 | 121 | global sn_map 122 | global sn_num 123 | 124 | anonymized_sn = sn 125 | 126 | if sn: 127 | anonymized_sn = sn_map.get(sn) 128 | if not anonymized_sn: 129 | sn_num += 1 130 | anonymized_sn = bytes("SN000" + str(sn_num), encoding='ascii') 131 | sn_map[sn] = anonymized_sn 132 | 133 | return anonymized_sn 134 | 135 | def anonymize_ssid_ie(ie): 136 | ssid = anonymize_ssid(ie.info) 137 | ie.len = len(ssid) 138 | ie.info = ssid 139 | 140 | def anonymize_multiple_bssid_ie(ie): 141 | offset = 1 142 | subelements = bytes() 143 | 144 | while offset < ie.len: 145 | subelementID = ie.info[offset] 146 | subelementLen = ie.info[offset + 1] 147 | offset += 2 148 | 149 | subelementPayload = ie.info[offset:offset+subelementLen] 150 | 151 | if subelementID == 0: # Nontransmitted BSSID Profile 152 | subelementOffset = 0 153 | subelementPayloadNew = bytes() 154 | while subelementOffset < subelementLen: 155 | tagID = subelementPayload[subelementOffset] 156 | tagLen = subelementPayload[subelementOffset + 1] 157 | subelementOffset += 2; 158 | nontransmitted_ie = Dot11Elt(ID=tagID, len=tagLen, info=subelementPayload[subelementOffset:subelementOffset+tagLen]) 159 | anonymized_ie = anonymize_ie(nontransmitted_ie) 160 | subelementPayloadNew += bytes([anonymized_ie.ID]) + bytes([anonymized_ie.len]) + anonymized_ie.info 161 | subelementOffset += tagLen 162 | 163 | subelementNew = bytes([subelementID]) + bytes([len(subelementPayloadNew)]) + subelementPayloadNew 164 | else: 165 | subelementNew = bytes([subelementID]) + bytes([subelementLen]) + subelementPayload 166 | 167 | subelements += subelementNew 168 | offset += subelementLen 169 | 170 | ie.info = bytes([ie.info[0]]) + subelements 171 | ie.len = 1 + len(subelements) 172 | 173 | def anonymize_interworking_ie(ie): 174 | hessid = ie.info[3:10] # HESSID 175 | if hessid: 176 | hessid = ':'.join(format(c, '02x') for c in hessid) 177 | hessid = mac2str(anonymize_address(hessid)) 178 | ie.info = b''.join([ie.info[:3], hessid, ie.info[10:]]) 179 | 180 | def anonymize_cisco_ccx_id_ie(ie): 181 | if ie.len >= 26: 182 | ap_name = zero_pad_buffer(anonymize_dev_name(ie.info[10:26]), 16) 183 | ie.info = b''.join([ie.info[:10], ap_name, ie.info[26:]]) 184 | 185 | def anonymize_vendor_specific_ie(ie): 186 | ouitype = ie.info[:4] 187 | ie_info = ie.info 188 | ie_len = ie.len 189 | 190 | # Alcatel (AP Name) 191 | if ouitype == b'\xDC\x08\x56\x01': 192 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[4:]) + b'\0' 193 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:4], ap_name]) 194 | ie_len = 4 + len(ap_name) 195 | 196 | # Arista (AP name) 197 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x11\x74\x00': 198 | if ie_info[4] == 6: # AP name 199 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[6:]) 200 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:6], ap_name]) 201 | ie_len = 6 + len(ap_name) 202 | 203 | # Aruba (AP Name) 204 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x0b\x86\x01': 205 | if ie_info[4] == 3: # AP Name 206 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[6:]) 207 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:6], ap_name]) 208 | ie_len = 6 + len(ap_name) 209 | 210 | # Extreme (AP Name) 211 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x19\x77\x21': 212 | if ie.info[4] == 1: # Host Name 213 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[7:]) + b'\0' 214 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:6], bytes([len(ap_name)]), ap_name]) 215 | ie_len = 7 + len(ap_name) 216 | 217 | # MikroTik (AP Name) 218 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x0C\x42\x00': 219 | tlv_offset = 4 220 | 221 | while tlv_offset < ie_len: 222 | 223 | tlv_type = ie_info[tlv_offset] 224 | tlv_offset += 1 225 | tlv_len = ie_info[tlv_offset] 226 | tlv_offset += 1 227 | 228 | if tlv_type == 1: # Radio Name 229 | ap_name = zero_pad_buffer(anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[tlv_offset + 10:tlv_offset + tlv_len]), 20) 230 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:tlv_offset + 10], ap_name, ie_info[tlv_offset + tlv_len:]]) 231 | 232 | tlv_offset = tlv_offset + tlv_len 233 | 234 | # Mist (AP Name) 235 | if ouitype == b'\x5c\x5b\x35\x01': 236 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[4:]) + b'\0' 237 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:4], ap_name]) 238 | ie_len = 4 + len(ap_name) 239 | 240 | # Nokia (AP Name) 241 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x0F\xBB\x04': 242 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[5:]) + b'\0' 243 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:5], ap_name]) 244 | ie_len = 5 + len(ap_name) 245 | 246 | # Ruckus (AP Name) 247 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x13\x92\x03': 248 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[4:]) + b'\0' 249 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:4], ap_name]) 250 | ie_len = 4 + len(ap_name) 251 | 252 | # Fortinet (AP Name) 253 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x09\x0F\x0A': 254 | tlv_offset = 5 # need to skip one byte after the OUI 255 | 256 | while tlv_offset < ie_len: 257 | 258 | tlv_type = ie_info[tlv_offset] 259 | tlv_offset += 1 260 | tlv_len = ie_info[tlv_offset] 261 | tlv_offset += 1 262 | 263 | if tlv_type == 1: # AP Name 264 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[tlv_offset:tlv_offset + tlv_len]) 265 | old_tlv_len = tlv_len 266 | tlv_len = len(ap_name) 267 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:tlv_offset - 1], tlv_len.to_bytes(1, 'little'), ap_name, ie_info[tlv_offset + old_tlv_len:]]) 268 | ie_len = ie_len - old_tlv_len + tlv_len 269 | 270 | if tlv_type == 2: # Model 271 | model = anonymize_model(ie_info[tlv_offset:tlv_offset + tlv_len]) 272 | old_tlv_len = tlv_len 273 | tlv_len = len(model) 274 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:tlv_offset - 1], tlv_len.to_bytes(1, 'little'), model, ie_info[tlv_offset + old_tlv_len:]]) 275 | ie_len = ie_len - old_tlv_len + tlv_len 276 | 277 | if tlv_type == 3: # Serial number 278 | sn = anonymize_serial_number(ie_info[tlv_offset:tlv_offset + tlv_len]) 279 | old_tlv_len = tlv_len 280 | tlv_len = len(sn) 281 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:tlv_offset - 1], tlv_len.to_bytes(1, 'little'), sn, ie_info[tlv_offset + old_tlv_len:]]) 282 | ie_len = ie_len - old_tlv_len + tlv_len 283 | 284 | tlv_offset = tlv_offset + tlv_len 285 | 286 | # Huawei (AP name) 287 | if ouitype == b'\x00\xE0\xFC\x01': 288 | if ie_info[4] == 1: # AP name 289 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_info[6:]) 290 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:6], ap_name]) 291 | ie_len = 6 + len(ap_name) 292 | 293 | # Zebra (AP Name) 294 | if ouitype == b'\x00\xa0\xf8\x01': 295 | if ie_info[4] == 3: # AP Name 296 | ap_name = anonymize_dev_name(ie_infoo[12:]) 297 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_infoo[:12], ap_name]) 298 | ie_len = 12 + len(ap_name) 299 | 300 | # Wi-Fi Alliance P2P IE 301 | if ouitype == b'\x50\x6f\x9a\x09': 302 | offset = 4 303 | while offset + 3 < len(ie_info): 304 | attr_type = ie_info[offset] 305 | attr_len = ie_info[offset+1] + (ie_info[offset+2] << 8) 306 | offset += 3 307 | 308 | if attr_type == 3: # P2P Device ID 309 | device_id = ie_info[offset:offset+attr_len] 310 | device_id = ':'.join(format(c, '02x') for c in device_id) 311 | device_id = mac2str(anonymize_address(device_id)) 312 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:offset], device_id, ie_info[offset+attr_len:]]) 313 | offset += attr_len 314 | 315 | # Microsoft WPS 316 | if ouitype == b'\x00\x50\xf2\x04': 317 | offset = 4 318 | while offset + 4 < len(ie_info): 319 | 320 | de_type = (ie_info[offset] << 8) + ie_info[offset+1] 321 | de_len = (ie_info[offset+2] << 8) + ie_info[offset+3] 322 | offset += 4 323 | 324 | if de_type == 0x1011: # Device Name 325 | dev_name = ie_info[offset:offset+de_len] 326 | dev_name = anonymize_dev_name(dev_name) 327 | # Update data element length 328 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:offset-2], struct.pack(">H", len(dev_name)), ie_info[offset:]]) 329 | # Update data element value 330 | ie_info = b''.join([ie_info[:offset], dev_name, ie_info[offset+de_len:]]) 331 | # Update IE length 332 | ie_len = len(ie_info) 333 | 334 | offset += de_len 335 | 336 | ie.info = ie_info[3:] 337 | ie.len = ie_len 338 | 339 | def anonymize_ie(ie): 340 | if ie.ID == 0: # SSID 341 | anonymize_ssid_ie(ie) 342 | elif ie.ID == 71: # Multiple BSSID 343 | anonymize_multiple_bssid_ie(ie) 344 | elif ie.ID == 107: # Interworking (Hotspot 2.0) 345 | anonymize_interworking_ie(ie) 346 | elif ie.ID == 133: # Cisco CCX1 CKIP ID (AP Name) 347 | anonymize_cisco_ccx_id_ie(ie) 348 | if ie.ID == 221: # Vendor Specific 349 | if ie.haslayer(Dot11EltVendorSpecific): 350 | anonymize_vendor_specific_ie(ie[Dot11EltVendorSpecific]) 351 | 352 | return ie 353 | 354 | def anonymize_file(input_file, output_file): 355 | 356 | with PcapReader(input_file) as pcap_reader: 357 | 358 | pcap_writer = PcapWriter(output_file, sync=True) 359 | 360 | for pkt in pcap_reader: 361 | 362 | if pkt.haslayer(RadioTap): 363 | 364 | if pkt.haslayer(Dot11): 365 | 366 | # Check if frame has FCS 367 | has_fcs = False 368 | radiotap = pkt[RadioTap] 369 | if radiotap.Flags is not None and radiotap.Flags & 0x10: 370 | has_fcs = True 371 | 372 | # Determine if the FCS is good or bad (we'll use the information later), 373 | # but even if the FCS is bad, we will anonymize the frame 374 | raw = bytes(pkt.payload) 375 | fcs = raw[-4:] 376 | crc = struct.pack("I", zlib.crc32(raw[:-4]) & 0xffffffff) 377 | good_fcs = fcs == crc 378 | 379 | # Anonymize address fields 380 | pkt.addr1 = anonymize_address(pkt[Dot11].addr1) 381 | pkt.addr2 = anonymize_address(pkt[Dot11].addr2) 382 | pkt.addr3 = anonymize_address(pkt[Dot11].addr3) 383 | pkt.addr4 = anonymize_address(pkt[Dot11].addr4) 384 | 385 | # Anonymize information elements 386 | if pkt.haslayer(Dot11Elt): 387 | subpkt = pkt[Dot11Elt] 388 | while Dot11Elt in subpkt: 389 | ie = subpkt[Dot11Elt] 390 | anonymize_ie(ie) 391 | subpkt = subpkt.payload 392 | 393 | # Recompute FCS 394 | if has_fcs: 395 | if good_fcs: 396 | # If the FCS was originally good, then we recompute it 397 | fcs = struct.pack("I", zlib.crc32(bytes(pkt[Dot11])[:-4]) & 0xffffffff) 398 | else: 399 | # If the FCS was originally bad, we set it to 0x00000000 400 | # to make sure it remains bad after the modifications to the frame 401 | fcs = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00' 402 | 403 | # Write anonymized packet with new FCS 404 | pcap_writer.write(RadioTap(bytes(pkt)[:-4] + fcs)) 405 | else: 406 | # Write anonymized packet 407 | pcap_writer.write(RadioTap(bytes(pkt))) 408 | 409 | if __name__ == "__main__": 410 | 411 | if len(sys.argv) < 2: 412 | print("Usage: dot11anonymizer.py [ ...]") 413 | sys.exit(-1) 414 | 415 | for input_file in sys.argv[1:]: 416 | output_file = os.path.splitext(input_file)[0] + '-anonymized.pcap' 417 | anonymize_file(input_file, output_file) 418 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------