├── poll ├── __init__.py ├── tests.py ├── apps.py ├── admin.py ├── urls.py ├── templates │ ├── poll │ │ ├── failure.html │ │ ├── status.html │ │ ├── home.html │ │ ├── results.html │ │ ├── vote.html │ │ ├── base.html │ │ ├── votesuccess.html │ │ ├── success.html │ │ └── verification.html │ ├── registration │ │ ├── register.html │ │ ├── login.html │ │ └── otp.html │ └── 404.html ├── models.py ├── xtra.py ├── merkleTree │ └── merkleTree.py └── views.py ├── blockchain_voting ├── __init__.py ├── asgi.py ├── wsgi.py ├── urls.py └── settings.py ├── requirements.txt ├── manage.py ├── README.md ├── .gitignore └── LICENSE /poll/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blockchain_voting/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/tests.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.test import TestCase 2 | 3 | # Create your tests here. 4 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/apps.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.apps import AppConfig 2 | 3 | 4 | class PollConfig(AppConfig): 5 | name = 'poll' 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/admin.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.contrib import admin 2 | from . import models 3 | 4 | # Register your models here. 5 | admin.site.register(models.Candidate) 6 | admin.site.register(models.Voter) 7 | admin.site.register(models.Vote) 8 | admin.site.register(models.Block) 9 | admin.site.register(models.VoterList) 10 | admin.site.register(models.VoterPvt) 11 | admin.site.register(models.VoteAuth) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blockchain_voting/asgi.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | ASGI config for blockchain_voting project. 3 | 4 | It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. 5 | 6 | For more information on this file, see 7 | https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ 8 | """ 9 | 10 | import os 11 | 12 | from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application 13 | 14 | os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blockchain_voting.settings') 15 | 16 | application = get_asgi_application() 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blockchain_voting/wsgi.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | WSGI config for blockchain_voting project. 3 | 4 | It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. 5 | 6 | For more information on this file, see 7 | https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ 8 | """ 9 | 10 | import os 11 | 12 | from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application 13 | 14 | os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blockchain_voting.settings') 15 | 16 | application = get_wsgi_application() 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | aiohttp==3.8.4 2 | aiohttp-retry==2.8.3 3 | aiosignal==1.3.1 4 | asgiref==3.6.0 5 | async-timeout==4.0.2 6 | attrs==23.1.0 7 | certifi==2022.12.7 8 | cffi==1.15.1 9 | charset-normalizer==3.1.0 10 | cryptography==40.0.2 11 | Django==4.2.1 12 | frozenlist==1.3.3 13 | idna==3.4 14 | multidict==6.0.4 15 | pycparser==2.21 16 | pycryptodome==3.17 17 | PyJWT==2.6.0 18 | python-dotenv==1.0.0 19 | pytz==2023.3 20 | requests==2.30.0 21 | sqlparse==0.4.4 22 | twilio==8.2.0 23 | tzdata==2023.3 24 | urllib3==2.0.2 25 | yarl==1.9.2 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/urls.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.urls import path 2 | from . import views 3 | 4 | urlpatterns = [ 5 | path('', views.home, name='home'), 6 | path('vote/', views.vote, name='vote'), 7 | path('create/', views.create, name='create'), 8 | path('seal', views.seal, name='seal'), 9 | path('verify', views.verify, name='verify'), 10 | path('results', views.result, name='result'), 11 | path('register',views.register,name='register'), 12 | path('otp',views.otp,name='otp'), 13 | path('login',views.signin,name='login'), 14 | ] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/failure.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 |
4 |

{{ fail }}

5 |
6 |
7 |       8 |       9 |
10 |
11 | {% endblock content %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /manage.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env python 2 | """Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" 3 | import os 4 | import sys 5 | 6 | 7 | def main(): 8 | os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blockchain_voting.settings') 9 | try: 10 | from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line 11 | except ImportError as exc: 12 | raise ImportError( 13 | "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " 14 | "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " 15 | "forget to activate a virtual environment?" 16 | ) from exc 17 | execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) 18 | 19 | 20 | if __name__ == '__main__': 21 | main() 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/status.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 | 4 |
5 |

Signature Verification

6 |
7 |

Your ballot was {{ ballot }}

8 |

Generated signature {{ signature }}


9 |

10 | {{ status }} 11 |

12 | 13 |
14 | {% csrf_token %} 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | {% endblock %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blockchain_voting/urls.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """blockchain_voting URL Configuration 2 | 3 | The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: 4 | https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/http/urls/ 5 | Examples: 6 | Function views 7 | 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 8 | 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') 9 | Class-based views 10 | 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 11 | 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') 12 | Including another URLconf 13 | 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 14 | 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) 15 | """ 16 | from django.contrib import admin 17 | from django.urls import path,include 18 | from django.contrib.auth.views import LoginView 19 | 20 | urlpatterns = [ 21 | path('admin/', admin.site.urls), 22 | path('', include('poll.urls')) 23 | ] 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/registration/register.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | 3 | {% block content %} 4 |
5 |

VOTER REGISTER

6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
12 | 19 |
20 |
21 |
22 | {% endblock %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/registration/login.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends '../poll/base.html' %} 2 | 3 | {% block content %} 4 |
5 |

VOTER LOGIN

6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
12 | 21 |
22 |
23 |
24 | 25 | {% endblock %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/home.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | 3 | {% block content %} 4 |
5 |

What is Blockchain based E-Voting?

6 |

Blockchain based voting is a secure, transparent and decentralised way of voting. 7 | It taps the secure blockchain technology, essentially converting ballots into transactions 8 | and securely mining blocks out of them. This way anyone can monitor votes but at the same time 9 | your vote is completely anonymous, preserving your identity. 10 |
11 |

12 | {% if error %} 13 |
14 |

Voting Time : Voting Authority haven't set a Voting Time Yet.

15 | {% else %} 16 |
17 |

Voting Time : {{start}} to {{end}}

18 | {% endif %} 19 | 20 |
21 |
22 |       23 |
24 |
25 | {% endblock %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/registration/otp.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | 3 | {% block content %} 4 |
5 |

VALIDATE OTP

6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
12 | 21 |
22 |
23 |
24 | {% endblock %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/results.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | {% if candidates %} 17 | 18 | {% for candidate in candidates %} 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | {% endfor %} 27 | 28 |
Candidate IDCandidate NameCandidate AgeCandidate PartyNumber of Votes
{{ candidate.candidateID }}{{ candidate.name }}{{ candidate.age }}{{ candidate.party }}{{ candidate.count }}
29 | 30 | {% else %} 31 |

No candidates yet

32 | {% endif %} 33 | {% endblock content %} 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/vote.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends './base.html' %} 2 | 3 | {% block content %} 4 | 5 |
6 | {% if candidates %} 7 | {% for candidate in candidates %} 8 |
9 |
12 |

Name: {{ candidate.name }}

13 |

CandidateID: {{ candidate.candidateID }}

14 |
Age: {{ candidate.age }}
15 |
Party: {{ candidate.party }}
16 |
Criminal Records: {% if candidate.criminalRecords == False %} None {% else %} Present {% endif %} 17 |
18 |
19 | {% csrf_token %} 20 | 21 | 22 |
23 |
24 |
25 | {% endfor %} 26 | {% else %} 27 |

No candidates yet

28 | {% endif %} 29 |
30 | 31 | {% endblock %} 32 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/base.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | Z Vote 9 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 38 | 39 |
40 | {% block content %} 41 | {% endblock %} 42 |
43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/votesuccess.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 | 14 |
15 |

You have Successfully Voted!

16 |


17 |
18 |
YOUR UNIQUE ID IS :
19 | 20 |
21 |
22 |

23 | 30 |
31 |
32 |
33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | {% endblock content %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/success.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 | 14 |
15 |

Registration Successful!

16 |


17 |
18 |
YOUR SECRET PASSPHRASE IS :
19 | 20 |
21 |
22 |

23 | 31 |
32 |
33 |
34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | {% endblock content %} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/poll/verification.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% extends 'poll/base.html' %} 2 | {% block content %} 3 | {% if error %} 4 |
5 |

{{verification}}

6 |
7 | {% else %} 8 |
9 |

{{verification}}

10 |
11 |
12 |
13 | {% csrf_token %} 14 | 15 |
16 | 17 |
18 | 19 |
20 |


21 |
22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | {% for vote in votes %} 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | {% endfor %} 40 | 41 |
Unique IDCandidate IDTimestampBlock_ID
{{ vote.id }}{{ vote.vote }}{{ vote.timestamp }}{{ vote.block_id }}
42 |
43 | {% endif %} 44 | 45 | {% endblock %} 46 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/models.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.db import models 2 | from uuid import uuid4 3 | from datetime import datetime 4 | 5 | # Create your models here. 6 | 7 | def get_time(): 8 | return datetime.now().timestamp() 9 | 10 | class Candidate(models.Model): 11 | candidateID = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True) 12 | name = models.CharField(max_length=100) 13 | age = models.IntegerField(default=18) 14 | party = models.CharField(max_length=100) 15 | criminalRecords = models.BooleanField(default=False) 16 | count = models.IntegerField(default=0) 17 | 18 | def __str__(self): 19 | return self.name 20 | 21 | class VoterList(models.Model): 22 | username = models.CharField(max_length=30,primary_key=True) 23 | ph_country_code = models.CharField(max_length=10) 24 | phone_number = models.CharField(max_length=20) 25 | otp = models.IntegerField(default=0) 26 | 27 | def __str__(self): 28 | return self.username 29 | 30 | class Voter(models.Model): 31 | username = models.CharField(max_length=30,primary_key=True) 32 | public_key_n = models.CharField(max_length=320) 33 | public_key_e = models.IntegerField(default=0) 34 | has_voted = models.BooleanField(default=False) 35 | 36 | def __str__(self): 37 | return self.username 38 | 39 | class VoterPvt(models.Model): 40 | username = models.CharField(max_length=30,primary_key=True) 41 | salt = models.CharField(max_length=100) 42 | private_key_n = models.CharField(max_length=320) 43 | private_key_d = models.CharField(max_length=320) 44 | 45 | def __str__(self): 46 | return self.username 47 | 48 | class Vote(models.Model): 49 | id = models.UUIDField(primary_key=True, default=uuid4) 50 | vote = models.IntegerField(default=0) 51 | timestamp = models.FloatField(default=get_time) 52 | block_id = models.IntegerField(null=True) 53 | 54 | def __str__(self): 55 | return "{}|{}|{}".format(self.id, self.vote, self.timestamp) 56 | 57 | class Block(models.Model): 58 | id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True, default=0) 59 | prev_hash = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True) 60 | merkle_hash = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True) 61 | self_hash = models.CharField(max_length=64, blank=True) 62 | nonce = models.IntegerField(null=True) 63 | timestamp = models.FloatField(default=get_time) 64 | 65 | def __str__(self): 66 | return str(self.self_hash) 67 | 68 | class VoteAuth(models.Model): 69 | username = models.CharField(max_length=30,primary_key=True,default='admin') 70 | start = models.DateTimeField() 71 | end = models.DateTimeField() 72 | resultCalculated = models.BooleanField(default=False) 73 | prev_hash = models.CharField(max_length=100, default='0' * 64) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/xtra.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA 2 | from hashlib import sha512 3 | import random 4 | import requests 5 | from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv 6 | import os 7 | import base64 8 | from cryptography.fernet import Fernet 9 | from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes 10 | from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.pbkdf2 import PBKDF2HMAC 11 | 12 | from .models import VoteAuth 13 | 14 | from twilio.rest import Client 15 | 16 | load_dotenv(find_dotenv()) 17 | 18 | 19 | def keyGen(): 20 | keyPair = RSA.generate(bits=1024) 21 | return keyPair.d,keyPair.n,keyPair.e 22 | 23 | 24 | def otp_gen(): 25 | randomNumber = random.randint(10000,99999) 26 | return randomNumber 27 | 28 | def passPhrase(): 29 | length = random.randint(6,11) 30 | API_KEY = os.getenv("API_NINJA_API") 31 | api_url = 'https://api.api-ninjas.com/v1/passwordgenerator?length={}'.format(length) 32 | response = requests.get(api_url, headers={'X-Api-Key': API_KEY }) 33 | if response.status_code == requests.codes.ok: 34 | data = response.json() 35 | return data["random_password"] 36 | else: 37 | print("Error:", response.status_code, response.text) 38 | 39 | 40 | def encrypt(password,message1,message2): 41 | 42 | Bmessage1 = message1.encode('ASCII') 43 | Bmessage2 = message2.encode('ASCII') 44 | Bpassword = password.encode('ASCII') 45 | salt = os.urandom(16) 46 | kdf = PBKDF2HMAC( 47 | algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), 48 | length=32, 49 | salt=salt, 50 | iterations=480000, 51 | ) 52 | key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(Bpassword)) 53 | 54 | f = Fernet(key) 55 | token1 = f.encrypt(Bmessage1) 56 | token2 = f.encrypt(Bmessage2) 57 | 58 | return token1.decode('ASCII'),token2.decode('ASCII'),base64.b64encode(salt).decode('ASCII') 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | def decrypt(password,token1,token2,salt): 63 | 64 | Bpassword = password.encode('ASCII') 65 | bToken1 = token1.encode('ASCII') 66 | bToken2 = token2.encode('ASCII') 67 | enSalt = salt.encode('ASCII') 68 | bSalt = base64.b64decode(enSalt) 69 | 70 | kdf = PBKDF2HMAC( 71 | algorithm=hashes.SHA256(), 72 | length=32, 73 | salt=bSalt, 74 | iterations=480000, 75 | ) 76 | key = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(kdf.derive(Bpassword)) 77 | 78 | f = Fernet(key) 79 | token1 = f.decrypt(bToken1) 80 | token2 = f.decrypt(bToken2) 81 | 82 | return token1.decode('ASCII'),token2.decode('ASCII') 83 | 84 | 85 | def sms(tonum,data): 86 | 87 | account_sid = os.environ.get('TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID') 88 | auth_token = os.environ.get('TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN') 89 | 90 | client = Client(account_sid, auth_token) 91 | client.messages.create(from_=os.environ.get('TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER'), 92 | to=tonum, 93 | body=data) 94 | 95 | def get_vote_auth(): 96 | vote_auth = VoteAuth.objects.all() 97 | return vote_auth 98 | 99 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/templates/404.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | Z Vote 8 | 81 | 82 | 83 |
84 |
85 | Back to the Homepage 86 | El Delorean, El Doc y Marti McFly 87 |
88 |
89 |

404

90 |

PAGE NOT FOUND

91 |

BACK TO HOME?

92 | YES 93 | NO 94 |
95 |
96 | 97 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blockchain_voting/settings.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | Django settings for blockchain_voting project. 3 | 4 | Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.0.5. 5 | 6 | For more information on this file, see 7 | https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/settings/ 8 | 9 | For the full list of settings and their values, see 10 | https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/ 11 | """ 12 | 13 | import os 14 | 15 | # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) 16 | BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) 17 | 18 | 19 | # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production 20 | # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ 21 | 22 | # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! 23 | SECRET_KEY = '+qcjb$b6+60^(#zstf69mb%-y8b+90_^s@r0%@a63^@#^fh&mt' 24 | 25 | # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! 26 | DEBUG = True 27 | 28 | ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost','vote.akku','127.0.0.1'] 29 | 30 | 31 | # Application definition 32 | 33 | INSTALLED_APPS = [ 34 | 'django.contrib.admin', 35 | 'django.contrib.auth', 36 | 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 37 | 'django.contrib.sessions', 38 | 'django.contrib.messages', 39 | 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 40 | 'poll', 41 | ] 42 | 43 | MIDDLEWARE = [ 44 | 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 45 | 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 46 | 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 47 | 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 48 | 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 49 | 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 50 | 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 51 | ] 52 | 53 | ROOT_URLCONF = 'blockchain_voting.urls' 54 | 55 | TEMPLATES = [ 56 | { 57 | 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 58 | 'DIRS': [], 59 | 'APP_DIRS': True, 60 | 'OPTIONS': { 61 | 'context_processors': [ 62 | 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 63 | 'django.template.context_processors.request', 64 | 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 65 | 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', 66 | ], 67 | }, 68 | }, 69 | ] 70 | 71 | WSGI_APPLICATION = 'blockchain_voting.wsgi.application' 72 | 73 | 74 | # Database 75 | # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#databases 76 | 77 | DATABASES = { 78 | 'default': { 79 | 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 80 | 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), 81 | } 82 | } 83 | 84 | 85 | # Password validation 86 | # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators 87 | 88 | AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ 89 | { 90 | 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', 91 | }, 92 | { 93 | 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', 94 | }, 95 | { 96 | 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', 97 | }, 98 | { 99 | 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', 100 | }, 101 | ] 102 | 103 | 104 | # Internationalization 105 | # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/i18n/ 106 | 107 | LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' 108 | 109 | TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Kolkata' 110 | 111 | USE_I18N = True 112 | 113 | USE_L10N = True 114 | 115 | USE_TZ = True 116 | 117 | 118 | # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) 119 | # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/howto/static-files/ 120 | 121 | STATIC_URL = '/static/' 122 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |

2 | 3 |

BlockChain Based E-Voting System

4 | 5 | * This project aims at implementing a voting system based on Blockchain technology. 6 | * It is a secure, transparent and decentralized way of voting. 7 | * It converts ballots into transactions and securely mines blocks out of them. 8 | * The advantage of a blockchain based voting system include the ability to vote from any place and prevent any tampering of votes. 9 | 10 | 11 | # Technology stack used: 12 | 1. Python 3.11.x 13 | 2. Django Web Framework 4.2.1 14 | 3. Bootstrap 4 15 | 4. DB SQLite 3 16 | 5. HTML5 17 | 18 | # Z-vote Production Server On Docker ([click image](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/tree/production)) 19 | 20 |

21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | # Self-hosting(Development Server) 25 | 26 | ## Simply clone the repository and run the server: 27 | ```sh 28 | # Install Git First // (Else You Can Download And Upload to Your Local Server) 29 | $ git clone https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote.git 30 | 31 | # Open Git Cloned File 32 | $ cd Z-Vote 33 | 34 | # Config Virtual Env (Skip is already Done.) 35 | $ virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 venv 36 | $ . ./venv/bin/activate 37 | 38 | # Install All Requirements. 39 | $ pip(3) install -r requirements.txt 40 | 41 | # Run makemigrations and migrate command. 42 | $ python(3) manage.py makemigrations poll 43 | $ python(3) manage.py migrate 44 | 45 | # Create a Superuser. 46 | $ python(3) manage.py createsuperuser 47 | 48 | # Create a .env file(See Below for more details.) 49 | 50 | # Start Server 51 | $ python(3) manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:80 52 | # Head over to http://127.0.0.1/ to see the website. 53 | 54 | # Head over to http://127.0.0.1/admin to add the voterlists in 'Voter lists' table and the candidates in the 'Candidates' table. 55 | 56 | # Set the Voting Time in 'Vote auths' table(Create only one object and add the start and end time of voting). 57 | 58 | # Now the project is ready for Voting! 59 | ``` 60 | 61 | # Environment Variables 62 | 63 | 1. Go to [API NINJA](https://api-ninjas.com/) and signup to obtain the api key for passphrase generation. 64 | 2. Create an Account on [TWILIO](https://www.twilio.com/try-twilio) and Buy a Phone Number to use the OTP Service. 65 | 66 | Fill the .env file with the obtained values. 67 | 68 | ``` 69 | [+] Create a .env file in the root directory for the api tokens 70 | [-] API_NINJA_API = '' 71 | [-] TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID = '' 72 | [-] TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN = '' 73 | [-] TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER = '' 74 | ``` 75 | 76 | 77 | ## An Example Of ".env" File 78 | ``` 79 | API_NINJA_API = '/ghjf53spoG657vghjygdr0qw==uRVWERV' 80 | TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID = 'AA3w5fgdrfawd3459faedw4349a3b' 81 | TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN = 'awd18f3ccac7329thfsf43fd4drgx1' 82 | TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER = '+134656544' 83 | ``` 84 | 85 | ## Screenshots: 86 | 87 |

Home Page

88 | 89 | ![home](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/0373134c-70e1-44a6-ba28-e416c7390993) 90 | 91 |

Register Page

92 | 93 | ![register](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/c7f60ed3-e898-4b30-beca-8dda273ea79b) 94 | 95 |

OTP Page

96 | 97 | ![otp](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/c7a081e9-15b6-4ebb-ab59-eb29564a0a94) 98 | 99 |

Registration Successful

100 | 101 | ![reg_succ](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/5b86ca86-b4ee-467c-b00b-e24765ccfa54) 102 | 103 |

Login Page

104 | 105 | ![login](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/f2fe7b72-5d14-4411-a48e-bc2509721d6b) 106 | 107 |

Voting Page

108 | 109 | ![vote](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/808ab136-a80a-46be-ae9a-70d6f4740dad) 110 | 111 |

Vote Verification Page

112 | 113 | ![verification](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/8c1675de-1dbf-48ce-9305-7eff49f928d9) 114 | 115 |

Result

116 | 117 | ![result](https://github.com/akkupy/Z-Vote/assets/69421964/32006491-cd8f-40f7-9c5a-84a6be11ced4) 118 | 119 | 120 | # Contact Me 121 | [![telegram](https://img.shields.io/badge/Akku-000000?style=for-the-badge&logo=telegram)](https://t.me/akkupy) 122 | 123 | 124 | # License 125 | [![GNU GPLv3 Image](https://www.gnu.org/graphics/gplv3-127x51.png)](http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html) 126 | 127 | This is a Free Software: You can use, study share and improve it at your 128 | will. Specifically you can redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the 129 | [GNU General Public License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html) as 130 | published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 131 | (at your option) any later version. 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | #### --This is only a demonstration of the blockchain based voting system and it is entirely a prototype of the technology-- 136 | 137 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/merkleTree/merkleTree.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # This is a basic implementation of merkle tree, which is extensively used in Blockchain based 2 | # technologies for verification and storage of transactions in a block of blockchain 3 | 4 | import hashlib 5 | import math 6 | 7 | # Node class that represents a node of a binary tree 8 | class Node: 9 | #function to initialise the node with data, left child and right child, representing a binary 10 | #tree 11 | def __init__(self, data): 12 | self.data = data 13 | self.left = None 14 | self.right = None 15 | 16 | #utility function to check if a given node has 2 children 17 | def isFull(self): 18 | return self.left and self.right 19 | 20 | #utility function to print the contents of the node 21 | def __str__(self): 22 | return self.data 23 | 24 | #utility function to check if a given node has 0 children (is a leaf node) 25 | def isLeaf(self): 26 | return ((self.left == None) and (self.right == None)) 27 | 28 | # Merkle tree class for actual implementation of the tree 29 | class merkleTree: 30 | 31 | # function to initialise the tree with "None" as root and merkleRoot set to blank 32 | def __init__(self): 33 | self.root = None 34 | self._merkleRoot = '' 35 | 36 | # private utility function to return a hash of an input string, using the sha256 algorithm 37 | def __returnHash(self, x): 38 | return (hashlib.sha256(x.encode()).hexdigest()) 39 | 40 | # function to generate a tree from a list. The list is expected to contain 41 | # the list of transactions(as strings) we wish to seal in a block 42 | def makeTreeFromArray(self, arr): 43 | 44 | # all the elements of the list must be leaf nodes, hence total nodes in the tree 45 | # is [2*(noOfLeafNodes) - 2] 46 | def __noOfNodesReqd(arr): 47 | x = len(arr) 48 | return (2*x - 1) 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | # Private function to build tree with a list generated by a sequence corresponding to the 53 | # number of nodes required for the tree. 54 | # For e.g. if we have 4 transactions, i.e. 4 leafNodes, we will have a total of 7 nodes 55 | # in the tree. Hence this function takes in a list that looks like [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] and 56 | # creates a binary tree by recursively inserting elements in inorder fasion. 57 | def __buildTree(arr, root, i, n): 58 | 59 | # Base case for recursion 60 | if i < n: 61 | temp = Node(str(arr[i])) 62 | root = temp 63 | 64 | # insert left child 65 | root.left = __buildTree(arr, root.left,2 * i + 1, n) 66 | 67 | # insert right child 68 | root.right = __buildTree(arr, root.right,2 * i + 2, n) 69 | 70 | return root 71 | 72 | # This function adds our transactions (leaf Node data) to the Leaf Nodes in the tree 73 | # hence now the tree looks like : 74 | # "" 75 | # /\ 76 | # "" "" 77 | # /\ /\ 78 | # (txn1) (txn2) (txn3) (txn4) 79 | def __addLeafData(arr, node): 80 | 81 | if not node: 82 | return 83 | 84 | __addLeafData(arr, node.left) 85 | if node.isLeaf(): 86 | node.data = self.__returnHash(arr.pop()) 87 | else: 88 | node.data = '' 89 | __addLeafData(arr, node.right) 90 | 91 | # Driver function calls of the main function makeTreeFromArray 92 | #nodesReqd = __noOfNodesReqd(arr) 93 | #nodeArr = [num for num in range(1,nodesReqd+1)] 94 | #self.root = __buildTree(nodeArr) 95 | #__addLeafData(arr,self.root) 96 | 97 | nodesReqd = __noOfNodesReqd(arr) 98 | nodeArr = [num for num in range(1,nodesReqd+1)] 99 | self.root = __buildTree(nodeArr, self.root, 0, nodesReqd) 100 | __addLeafData(arr,self.root) 101 | 102 | # utility function to traverse the tree using inorder Traversal algorithm 103 | def inorderTraversal(self, node): 104 | if not node: 105 | return 106 | 107 | self.inorderTraversal(node.left) 108 | print(node) 109 | self.inorderTraversal(node.right) 110 | 111 | # function to calculate merkle root of the tree. This is a recursive algorithm. 112 | # Essentially, the data of parent node P, is the hash of concatenation of data of its two 113 | # child nodes, A and B. If H(x) is the hash function, 114 | # P = H( H(A) + H(B) ) 115 | # If R is the root, then data of R is the merkle hash or merkle root. 116 | def calculateMerkleRoot(self): 117 | 118 | def __merkleHash(node): 119 | if node.isLeaf(): 120 | return node 121 | 122 | left = __merkleHash(node.left).data 123 | right = __merkleHash(node.right).data 124 | node.data = self.__returnHash(left+right) 125 | return node 126 | 127 | merkleRoot = __merkleHash(self.root) 128 | self._merkleRoot = merkleRoot.data 129 | 130 | return self._merkleRoot 131 | 132 | #utility function to get the merkle Root of that tree 133 | def getMerkleRoot(self): 134 | return self._merkleRoot 135 | 136 | # utility function to verify if the transactions are intact with respect to this tree. 137 | # say we know transaction list A is intact and original. We create a merkle Tree with that. 138 | # Now we want to know whether the original list of transactions has been tampered with, 139 | # this function takes in a new list, creates a new merkle tree, calculate its merkle root, 140 | # and returns if merkle roots match. If they match, transaction list is intact and verified. 141 | # If transactions are tampered or changed, this function returns False. 142 | def verifyUtil(self, arr1): 143 | hash1 = self.getMerkleRoot() 144 | new_tree = merkleTree() 145 | new_tree.makeTreeFromArray(arr1) 146 | new_tree.calculateMerkleRoot() 147 | hash2 = new_tree.getMerkleRoot() 148 | if hash1 == hash2 : 149 | print("Transactions verified Successfully") 150 | return True 151 | else: 152 | print("Transactions have been tampered") 153 | return False 154 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Created by https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python,virtualenv,venv,django 2 | # Edit at https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore?templates=python,virtualenv,venv,django 3 | 4 | ### Django ### 5 | *.log 6 | *.pot 7 | *.pyc 8 | __pycache__/ 9 | local_settings.py 10 | db.sqlite3 11 | db.sqlite3-journal 12 | media 13 | 14 | # If your build process includes running collectstatic, then you probably don't need or want to include staticfiles/ 15 | # in your Git repository. 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For a more nuclear 255 | # option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder. 256 | 257 | ### Python Patch ### 258 | # Poetry local configuration file - https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#local-configuration 259 | poetry.toml 260 | 261 | # ruff 262 | .ruff_cache/ 263 | 264 | # LSP config files 265 | pyrightconfig.json 266 | 267 | ### venv ### 268 | # Virtualenv 269 | # http://iamzed.com/2009/05/07/a-primer-on-virtualenv/ 270 | [Bb]in 271 | [Ii]nclude 272 | [Ll]ib 273 | [Ll]ib64 274 | [Ll]ocal 275 | [Ss]cripts 276 | pyvenv.cfg 277 | pip-selfcheck.json 278 | 279 | ### VirtualEnv ### 280 | # Virtualenv 281 | # http://iamzed.com/2009/05/07/a-primer-on-virtualenv/ 282 | 283 | # End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python,virtualenv,venv,django -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /poll/views.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from django.shortcuts import render,redirect 2 | from . import models 3 | import math 4 | from datetime import datetime 5 | from django.contrib.admin.forms import AuthenticationForm 6 | from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout 7 | from django.contrib.auth.models import User 8 | import datetime 9 | from hashlib import sha512, sha256 10 | from .merkleTree import merkleTree 11 | from .xtra import * 12 | from django.urls import reverse 13 | from pytz import timezone 14 | from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | def home(request): 19 | error = False 20 | try: 21 | time = get_vote_auth() 22 | format = "%d/%m/%Y at %H:%M:%S %Z%z" 23 | asia_start = time[0].start.astimezone(timezone("Asia/Kolkata")) 24 | asia_end = time[0].end.astimezone(timezone('Asia/Kolkata')) 25 | context = { 26 | 'error' : error, 27 | 'start' : asia_start.strftime(format), 28 | 'end' : asia_end.strftime(format), 29 | } 30 | except: 31 | error = True 32 | context = { 33 | 'error' : error 34 | } 35 | 36 | return render(request, 'poll/home.html',context) 37 | 38 | def otp(request): 39 | if request.method == "POST": 40 | otp =request.POST.get('otp') 41 | username = request.POST.get('username') 42 | password = request.POST.get('password') 43 | password1 = request.POST.get('password1') 44 | Voter = models.VoterList.objects.filter(username=username)[0] 45 | fail = '' 46 | if int(otp) == int(Voter.otp): 47 | if password == password1: 48 | if not models.Voter.objects.filter(username=username).exists(): 49 | d,n,e = keyGen() 50 | phrase = passPhrase() 51 | user = User.objects.create_user(username=username,password=password) 52 | 53 | voter = models.Voter(username=username) 54 | voter.public_key_n = n 55 | voter.public_key_e = e 56 | voter.has_voted = False 57 | 58 | voterpvt = models.VoterPvt(username=username) 59 | voterpvt.private_key_d,voterpvt.private_key_n,voterpvt.salt = encrypt(phrase,str(d),str(n)) 60 | 61 | sms(Voter.ph_country_code+Voter.phone_number," DO NOT SHARE THIS PASSPHRASE WITH ANYONE! \n\nYour Secret Passphrase is " + phrase) 62 | 63 | user.save() 64 | voter.save() 65 | voterpvt.save() 66 | context = { 67 | 'code' : phrase, 68 | } 69 | 70 | return render(request,'poll/success.html/',context) 71 | else: 72 | fail = 'Voter Already Exists' 73 | else: 74 | fail = 'Password MisMatch!' 75 | else: 76 | fail = 'OTP is Invalid' 77 | return render(request,'poll/failure.html/',{'fail':fail}) 78 | return redirect('home') 79 | 80 | 81 | def register(request): 82 | time = get_vote_auth() 83 | format = "%d/%m/%Y at %H:%M:%S %Z%z" 84 | if time[0].enddatetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) and time[0].startdatetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc): 145 | asia = time[0].start.astimezone(timezone("Asia/Kolkata")) 146 | context = { 147 | 'fail' : "Voting will start on "+asia.strftime(format), 148 | } 149 | return render(request,'poll/failure.html',context) 150 | 151 | @login_required(login_url='login') 152 | def create(request, pk): 153 | voter = models.Voter.objects.filter(username=request.user.username)[0] 154 | if request.method == 'POST' and request.user.is_authenticated and not voter.has_voted: 155 | vote = pk 156 | lenVoteList = len(models.Vote.objects.all()) 157 | if (lenVoteList > 0): 158 | block_id = math.floor(lenVoteList / 5) + 1 159 | else: 160 | block_id = 1 161 | 162 | phrase = request.POST.get('phrase') 163 | username = request.user.username 164 | 165 | voterpvt = models.VoterPvt.objects.filter(username=username).values() 166 | 167 | try: 168 | privateKey_d,privateKey_n=decrypt(phrase,voterpvt[0]['private_key_d'],voterpvt[0]['private_key_n'],voterpvt[0]['salt']) 169 | except: 170 | logout(request) 171 | return render(request,'poll/failure.html',{'fail':'Invalid Passphrase Please Login And Vote Again.'}) 172 | 173 | priv_key = {'n': int(privateKey_n), 'd':int(privateKey_d)} 174 | pub_key = {'n':int(voter.public_key_n), 'e':int(voter.public_key_e)} 175 | timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() 176 | ballot = "{}|{}".format(vote, timestamp) 177 | h = int.from_bytes(sha512(ballot.encode()).digest(), byteorder='big') 178 | signature = pow(h, priv_key['d'], priv_key['n']) 179 | 180 | hfromSignature = pow(signature, pub_key['e'], pub_key['n']) 181 | 182 | if(hfromSignature == h): 183 | new_vote = models.Vote(vote=pk) 184 | new_vote.block_id = block_id 185 | voter.has_voted = True 186 | voter.save() 187 | new_vote.save() 188 | status = 'Ballot signed successfully' 189 | 190 | context = { 191 | 'ballot': ballot, 192 | 'signature': signature, 193 | 'status': status, 194 | 'id' : new_vote.id 195 | } 196 | return render(request, 'poll/status.html', context) 197 | logout(request) 198 | return render(request, 'poll/failure.html',{'fail':'It appears you have already voted!'}) 199 | 200 | 201 | @login_required(login_url='login') 202 | def seal(request): 203 | 204 | if request.method == 'POST': 205 | vote_id = request.POST.get('vote_id') 206 | if (len(models.Vote.objects.all()) % 5 != 0): 207 | logout(request) 208 | return render(request,'poll/votesuccess.html',{'code' : vote_id}) 209 | else: 210 | transactions = models.Vote.objects.order_by('block_id').reverse() 211 | transactions = list(transactions)[:5] 212 | block_id = transactions[0].block_id 213 | 214 | str_transactions = [str(x) for x in transactions] 215 | 216 | merkle_tree = merkleTree.merkleTree() 217 | merkle_tree.makeTreeFromArray(str_transactions) 218 | merkle_hash = merkle_tree.calculateMerkleRoot() 219 | 220 | nonce = 0 221 | timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().timestamp() 222 | 223 | vote_auth = models.VoteAuth.objects.get(username='admin') 224 | prev_hash = vote_auth.prev_hash 225 | while True: 226 | self_hash = sha256('{}{}{}{}'.format(prev_hash, merkle_hash, nonce, timestamp).encode()).hexdigest() 227 | if self_hash[0] == '0': 228 | break 229 | nonce += 1 230 | vote_auth.prev_hash = self_hash 231 | vote_auth.save() 232 | block = models.Block(id=block_id,prev_hash=prev_hash,self_hash=self_hash,merkle_hash=merkle_hash,nonce=nonce,timestamp=timestamp) 233 | block.save() 234 | print('Block {} has been mined'.format(block_id)) 235 | logout(request) 236 | return render(request,'poll/votesuccess.html',{'code' : vote_id}) 237 | logout(request) 238 | return redirect("home") 239 | 240 | def retDate(v): 241 | v.timestamp = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(v.timestamp) 242 | return v 243 | 244 | def verify(request): 245 | time = get_vote_auth() 246 | if time[0].end {}. The authority \ 300 | will resolve the issue".format(voteVerification), 'error':True}) 301 | 302 | vote_auth = models.VoteAuth.objects.get(username='admin') 303 | resultCalculated = vote_auth.resultCalculated 304 | if not resultCalculated: 305 | vote_auth.resultCalculated = True 306 | vote_auth.save() 307 | list_of_votes = models.Vote.objects.all() 308 | for vote in list_of_votes: 309 | candidate = models.Candidate.objects.filter(candidateID=vote.vote)[0] 310 | candidate.count += 1 311 | candidate.save() 312 | 313 | context = {"candidates":models.Candidate.objects.order_by('count'), "winner":models.Candidate.objects.order_by('count').reverse()[0]} 314 | return render(request, 'poll/results.html', context) 315 | else: 316 | format = "%d/%m/%Y at %H:%M:%S %Z%z" 317 | asia = time[0].end.astimezone(timezone('Asia/Kolkata')) 318 | context = { 319 | 'fail' : "Result will be displayed after "+asia.strftime(format), 320 | } 321 | return render(request,'poll/failure.html',context) 322 | 323 | 324 | def verifyVotes(): 325 | block_count = models.Block.objects.count() 326 | tampered_block_list = [] 327 | for i in range (1, block_count+1): 328 | block = models.Block.objects.get(id=i) 329 | transactions = models.Vote.objects.filter(block_id=i) 330 | str_transactions = [str(x) for x in transactions] 331 | 332 | merkle_tree = merkleTree.merkleTree() 333 | merkle_tree.makeTreeFromArray(str_transactions) 334 | merkle_tree.calculateMerkleRoot() 335 | 336 | if (block.merkle_hash == merkle_tree.getMerkleRoot()): 337 | continue 338 | else: 339 | tampered_block_list.append(i) 340 | 341 | return tampered_block_list -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Patents. 472 | 473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 476 | 477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. 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You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------