├── .gitmodules ├── images ├── half-edges.jpg ├── half-edges.pdf ├── right-hand-rule.jpg ├── right-hand-rule.pdf └── bunny-screenshot.jpg ├── src ├── edges.cpp └── euler_characteristic.cpp ├── cmake └── libigl.cmake ├── include ├── euler_characteristic.h └── edges.h ├── .gitignore ├── CMakeLists.txt ├── main.cpp ├── data └── tiny-torus.obj ├── tex ├── 3e18a4a28fdee1744e5e3f79d13b9ff6.svg ├── 4bdc8d9bcfb35e1c9bfb51fc69687dfc.svg ├── a9a3a4a202d80326bda413b5562d5cd1.svg ├── e1cba67bdff5655799960c665b6aa02b.svg ├── 2ad9d098b937e46f9f58968551adac57.svg ├── 4716870f3f422e3e30698c2aa13917a6.svg ├── b8bc815b5e9d5177af01fd4d3d3c2f10.svg ├── 92991de2a74552da6902a11d444ace8a.svg ├── 6f1489510ace7328313aebec5fc3c626.svg ├── d03c1e146df015e061405cc425738d83.svg ├── 5f44d895386d2bb0121dc78eb7e09862.svg └── 87181ad2b235919e0785dee664166921.svg ├── README.md └── LICENSE /.gitmodules: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/half-edges.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/HEAD/images/half-edges.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/half-edges.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/HEAD/images/half-edges.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/right-hand-rule.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/HEAD/images/right-hand-rule.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/right-hand-rule.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/HEAD/images/right-hand-rule.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /images/bunny-screenshot.jpg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/HEAD/images/bunny-screenshot.jpg -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/edges.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "edges.h" 2 | 3 | Eigen::MatrixXi edges(const Eigen::MatrixXi &F) 4 | { 5 | Eigen::MatrixXi E; 6 | // ADD YOUR CODE HERE 7 | return E; 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /src/euler_characteristic.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "euler_characteristic.h" 2 | 3 | int euler_characteristic(const Eigen::MatrixXi &F) 4 | { 5 | int Chi = 0; 6 | // ADD YOUR CODE HERE 7 | return Chi; 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /cmake/libigl.cmake: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | if(TARGET igl::core) 2 | return() 3 | endif() 4 | 5 | include(FetchContent) 6 | message(STATUS "Finding/Downloading libigl...") 7 | FetchContent_Declare( 8 | libigl 9 | GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/libigl/libigl.git 10 | GIT_TAG v2.4.0 11 | ) 12 | FetchContent_MakeAvailable(libigl) 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/euler_characteristic.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #ifndef EULER_CHARACTERISTIC_H 2 | #define EULER_CHARACTERISTIC_H 3 | 4 | #include 5 | // Compute the Euler Characteristic of a given triangle mesh. 6 | // 7 | // Inputs: 8 | // F #F by 3 list of triangle indices into some vertex list V 9 | // Returns Euler Characteristic as an integer 10 | int euler_characteristic( const Eigen::MatrixXi &F); 11 | #endif 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /include/edges.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #ifndef EDGES_H 2 | #define EDGES_H 3 | #include 4 | // From a list of triangle indices into some vertex set V, determine the 5 | // set of unique undirected edges. 6 | // 7 | // Inputs: 8 | // F #F by 3 list of triangles indices into some vertex set V 9 | // Returns E #E by 2 list of undirected edge indices into V 10 | Eigen::MatrixXi edges(const Eigen::MatrixXi &F); 11 | #endif 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Compiled Object files 2 | *.slo 3 | *.lo 4 | *.o 5 | *.obj 6 | 7 | # Precompiled Headers 8 | *.gch 9 | *.pch 10 | 11 | # Compiled Dynamic libraries 12 | *.so 13 | *.dylib 14 | *.dll 15 | 16 | # Fortran module files 17 | *.mod 18 | *.smod 19 | 20 | # Compiled Static libraries 21 | *.lai 22 | *.la 23 | *.a 24 | *.lib 25 | 26 | # Executables 27 | *.exe 28 | *.out 29 | *.app 30 | 31 | *.un~ 32 | *.swo 33 | *.swp 34 | build/* 35 | *.DS_Store 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CMakeLists.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1) 2 | project(introduction) 3 | set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake) 4 | 5 | ### libIGL options: choose between header only and compiled static library 6 | option(LIBIGL_USE_STATIC_LIBRARY "Use libigl as static library" OFF) 7 | option(LIBIGL_GLFW "Use GLFW" ON) 8 | 9 | include(libigl) 10 | 11 | # Add your project files 12 | include_directories("include/") 13 | if(USE_SOLUTION) 14 | file(GLOB SRCFILES solution/*.cpp) 15 | else() 16 | file(GLOB SRCFILES src/*.cpp) 17 | endif() 18 | 19 | add_library(core ${SRCFILES}) 20 | target_link_libraries(core igl::core igl::opengl igl::glfw) 21 | 22 | add_executable(introduction "main.cpp") 23 | target_link_libraries(introduction core igl::core igl::opengl igl::glfw ) 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /main.cpp: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include "edges.h" 2 | #include "euler_characteristic.h" 3 | #include 4 | #include 5 | 6 | int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 7 | { 8 | Eigen::MatrixXd V; 9 | Eigen::MatrixXi F; 10 | // Load in a mesh 11 | igl::read_triangle_mesh(argc>1 ? argv[1] : "../data/bunny.off", V, F); 12 | 13 | Eigen::MatrixXi E = edges(F); 14 | int Chi = euler_characteristic(F); 15 | std::cout<<"Edge list E is "< 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/4bdc8d9bcfb35e1c9bfb51fc69687dfc.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/a9a3a4a202d80326bda413b5562d5cd1.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/e1cba67bdff5655799960c665b6aa02b.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/2ad9d098b937e46f9f58968551adac57.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/4716870f3f422e3e30698c2aa13917a6.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/b8bc815b5e9d5177af01fd4d3d3c2f10.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/92991de2a74552da6902a11d444ace8a.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/6f1489510ace7328313aebec5fc3c626.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/d03c1e146df015e061405cc425738d83.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/5f44d895386d2bb0121dc78eb7e09862.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /tex/87181ad2b235919e0785dee664166921.svg: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Geometry Processing – Introduction 2 | 3 | > **To get started:** Clone (**do not fork publicly**) this repository 4 | > 5 | > git clone --recursive http://github.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction.git 6 | > 7 | 8 | Welcome to Geometry Processing! The purpose of this assignment will be to get 9 | you up and running with the two C++ libraries we will be using: 10 | [Eigen](http://eigen.tuxfamily.org) for dense and sparse linear algebra 11 | routines and [libigl](https://github.com/libigl/libigl) for geometry processing 12 | routines. We will make use of the OpenGL-based viewer used by the [libigl 13 | tutorial](http://libigl.github.io/libigl/tutorial/tutorial.html). This viewer 14 | also depends on [glfw](http://www.glfw.org/download.html), a library for 15 | managing windows on Linux, Mac OS X and windows. 16 | 17 | ## Prerequisite installation 18 | 19 | On all platforms, we will assume you have installed cmake and a modern c++ 20 | compiler on Mac OS X[¹](#¹macusers), Linux[²](#²linuxusers), or 21 | Windows[³](#³windowsusers). 22 | 23 | We also assume that you have cloned this repository using the `--recursive` 24 | flag (if not then issue `git submodule update --init --recursive`). 25 | 26 | ## Layout 27 | 28 | All assignments will have a similar directory and file layout: 29 | 30 | README.md 31 | CMakeLists.txt 32 | main.cpp 33 | include/ 34 | function1.h 35 | function2.h 36 | ... 37 | src/ 38 | function1.cpp 39 | function2.cpp 40 | ... 41 | shared/ 42 | libigl/ 43 | include/ 44 | igl/ 45 | ... 46 | ... 47 | 48 | The `README.md` file will describe the background, contents and tasks of the 49 | assignment. 50 | 51 | The `CMakeLists.txt` file setups up the cmake build routine for this 52 | assignment. 53 | 54 | The `main.cpp` file will include the headers in the `include/` directory and 55 | link to the functions compiled in the `src/` directory. This file contains the 56 | `main` function that is executed when the program is run from the command line. 57 | 58 | The `include/` directory contains one file for each function that you will 59 | implement as part of the assignment. **_Do not change_** these files. 60 | 61 | The `src/` directory contains _empty implementations_ of the functions 62 | specified in the `include/` directory. This is where you will implement the 63 | parts of the assignment. 64 | 65 | The `shared/` directory will contain shared resources: cmake files, dependences 66 | (e.g., libigl) and data. Feel free to poke around in here, but you shouldn't 67 | change any of these files. 68 | 69 | ## Compilation 70 | 71 | This and all following assignments will follow a typical cmake/make build 72 | routine. Starting in this directory, issue: 73 | 74 | mkdir build 75 | cd build 76 | cmake .. 77 | make 78 | 79 | Why don't you try this right now? 80 | 81 | ## Execution 82 | 83 | Once built, you can execute the assignment from inside the `build/` using 84 | 85 | ./introduction 86 | 87 | After [compiling according to the instructions above](#compilation), if you try 88 | executing right now, then you'll see a bunny: 89 | 90 | ![Screenshot of viewer displaying a bunny](images/bunny-screenshot.jpg) 91 | 92 | You can click and drag to change the view. 93 | 94 | Optionally, this program can input a path to a triangle mesh file (other than 95 | the bunny): 96 | 97 | ./introduction [path to input file] 98 | 99 | ## Background 100 | 101 | > Every assignment, including this one, will start with a **Background** 102 | > section. This will review the math and algorithms behind the task in the 103 | > assignment. Students following the lectures should already be familiar with 104 | > this material and may opt to skip this section. 105 | 106 | Let's get familiar with the _explicit_ mesh representation of a discrete 107 | surface immersed in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Throughout the course, we will store the set of 108 | mesh vertices $V$[⁴](#⁴latex) and the set of triangles (a.k.a. 109 | faces) $F$ as two matrices: `V` and `F`. 110 | 111 | The matrix `V` is $|V|$ by 3 in size, where the ith row of this matrix contains 112 | the x-, y- and z-coordinates of the ith vertex of the mesh. 113 | 114 | The matrix `F` is $|F|$ by 3 in size, where the jth row of this matrix contains 115 | the indices into the rows of `V` of the first, second and third corners of the 116 | jth triangle as a non-negative number (remember in C++ arrays and matrices 117 | start with index `0`). 118 | 119 | The information in `V` alone is purely positional and encodes the 120 | _geometry_ of the surface. 121 | 122 | The information in `F` alone is purely combinatoric and encodes the _topology_ 123 | of the surface. 124 | 125 | By convention, the indices in each row of `F` are _ordered_ counter-clockwise 126 | around the triangle. Using the right-hand rule, we can define the normal of 127 | each triangle as the vector that points _most away_ from the surface. 128 | 129 | ![The right-hand rule and the counterclockwise ordering convention defines the 130 | normal of a triangle.](images/right-hand-rule.jpg) 131 | 132 | Each oriented triangle also defines three _directed edges_ between its three 133 | vertices. Other triangles in the mesh may contain edges with the same incident 134 | vertices, possibly in the opposite direction. A manifold mesh will have at most 135 | two triangles incident on the same (undirected) _edge_, therefor we'll refer to 136 | each triangle's directed edge as a _half-edge_. 137 | 138 | ![Two neighboring triangles may share the same (unoriented) edge (thick black). 139 | In a consistently oriented mesh, these triangles' corresponding half-edges 140 | (orange) will have opposite orientation.](images/half-edges.jpg) 141 | 142 | The number of vertices $|V|$ and number of faces $|F|$ and number of unique 143 | (undirected) edges $|E|$ are _intimately_ related. Adding a new triangle to a 144 | mesh may mean increasing the number of vertices and edges, too. The algebraic 145 | relationship between the number of vertices, edges and faces reveals the 146 | topological _genus_ of the surface via the _Euler Characteristic_ 147 | 148 | $$ 149 | χ = 2c - 2h - b, 150 | $$ 151 | 152 | where $c$ is the number of connected components, $h$ is number of 153 | holes (as in donut), and $b$ is the number of connected components of the 154 | boundary of the surface. 155 | 156 | For meshes representing polyhedral surfaces, the Euler Characteristic can be 157 | computed very simply: 158 | 159 | ``` 160 | Chi = |V| - |E| + |F|. 161 | ``` 162 | 163 | Assuming no _unreferenced_ vertices in `V`, each of the quantities in the 164 | right-hand side can be determined from `F` alone. This indicates that its a 165 | purely topological property. Changing the geometric positions (i.e., changing 166 | the vertex positions in `V`) will not affect the Euler Characteristic. Due to 167 | this, we say that the Euler Characteristic is a _topological invariant_. 168 | 169 | ## Tasks 170 | 171 | Every assignment, including this one, will contain a **Tasks** section. This 172 | will enumerate all of the tasks a student will need to complete for this 173 | assignment. These tasks will match the header/implementation pairs in the 174 | `include/`/`src/` directories. 175 | 176 | ### Groundrules 177 | 178 | Libigl has implemented many of the tasks you'll find in this course. As a 179 | result, for some assignments, including this one, you'll see a **Groundrules** 180 | section that lists which functions you can and should use from libigl and/or 181 | functions you may not use (and should avoid copying your answers from). 182 | 183 | #### Blacklist libigl functions 184 | 185 | For this assignment you may not use 186 | 187 | - `igl::all_edges` 188 | - `igl::edge_flaps` 189 | - `igl::edge_topology` 190 | - `igl::edges` 191 | - `igl::euler_characteristic` 192 | - `igl::exterior_edges` 193 | - `igl::is_boundary_edge` 194 | - `igl::unique_edge_map` 195 | - or any other libigl function that returns a list of edges. 196 | 197 | ### `src/edges.cpp` 198 | 199 | From a list of triangles `F`, construct a $|E|$ by 2 matrix `E`, where the kth 200 | row of this matrix contains the indices into the rows of `V` of the start and 201 | end point of the kth edge in the mesh. `E` should contain every _undirected 202 | edge_ exactly once. 203 | 204 | ### `src/euler_characteristic.cpp` 205 | 206 | From the list of triangles `F`, return the Euler Characteristic `X` of the 207 | triangle mesh. You may and should use your `edges` function from the previous 208 | task. 209 | 210 | ### Submission 211 | 212 | Submit your `src/` files on [MarkUs](https://markus.teach.cs.toronto.edu/2022-09/courses/19/) 213 | 214 | ### Questions? 215 | 216 | Direct your questions to the [Issues page of this 217 | repository](https://github.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/issues). 218 | 219 | ### Answers? 220 | 221 | Help your fellow students by answering questions or positions helpful tips on 222 | the [Issues page of this 223 | repository](https://github.com/alecjacobson/geometry-processing-introduction/issues). 224 | 225 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226 | 227 | > #### ¹ Mac Users 228 | > 229 | > You will need to install Xcode if you haven't already. 230 | > 231 | > #### ² Linux Users 232 | > 233 | > Many linux distributions do not include gcc and the basic development tools 234 | > in their default installation. On Ubuntu, you need to install the following 235 | > packages: 236 | > 237 | > sudo apt-get install git 238 | > sudo apt-get install build-essential 239 | > sudo apt-get install cmake 240 | > sudo apt-get install libx11-dev 241 | > sudo apt-get install mesa-common-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev 242 | > sudo apt-get install libxrandr-dev 243 | > sudo apt-get install libxi-dev 244 | > sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev 245 | > sudo apt-get install libblas-dev 246 | > 247 | > 248 | > #### ³ Windows Users 249 | > 250 | > libigl only supports the Microsoft Visual Studio 251 | > 2015 compiler in 64bit mode. It will not work with a 32bit build and it will 252 | > not work with older versions of visual studio. 253 | > 254 | > #### ⁴ LaTeX 255 | > 256 | > This markdown document, and those for all other assignments, contains 257 | > $\LaTeX$ math. GitHub just shows the un-evaluated LaTeX code, but other 258 | > markdown browsers will show the typeset math. You can also generate 259 | > `README.html` using 260 | > [multimarkdown](http://fletcherpenney.net/multimarkdown/): 261 | > 262 | > cat shared/markdown/header.md README.md | multimarkdown --process-html -o README.html 263 | > 264 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Mozilla Public License Version 2.0 2 | ================================== 3 | 4 | 1. Definitions 5 | -------------- 6 | 7 | 1.1. "Contributor" 8 | means each individual or legal entity that creates, contributes to 9 | the creation of, or owns Covered Software. 10 | 11 | 1.2. "Contributor Version" 12 | means the combination of the Contributions of others (if any) used 13 | by a Contributor and that particular Contributor's Contribution. 14 | 15 | 1.3. "Contribution" 16 | means Covered Software of a particular Contributor. 17 | 18 | 1.4. "Covered Software" 19 | means Source Code Form to which the initial Contributor has attached 20 | the notice in Exhibit A, the Executable Form of such Source Code 21 | Form, and Modifications of such Source Code Form, in each case 22 | including portions thereof. 23 | 24 | 1.5. "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" 25 | means 26 | 27 | (a) that the initial Contributor has attached the notice described 28 | in Exhibit B to the Covered Software; or 29 | 30 | (b) that the Covered Software was made available under the terms of 31 | version 1.1 or earlier of the License, but not also under the 32 | terms of a Secondary License. 33 | 34 | 1.6. "Executable Form" 35 | means any form of the work other than Source Code Form. 36 | 37 | 1.7. "Larger Work" 38 | means a work that combines Covered Software with other material, in 39 | a separate file or files, that is not Covered Software. 40 | 41 | 1.8. "License" 42 | means this document. 43 | 44 | 1.9. "Licensable" 45 | means having the right to grant, to the maximum extent possible, 46 | whether at the time of the initial grant or subsequently, any and 47 | all of the rights conveyed by this License. 48 | 49 | 1.10. "Modifications" 50 | means any of the following: 51 | 52 | (a) any file in Source Code Form that results from an addition to, 53 | deletion from, or modification of the contents of Covered 54 | Software; or 55 | 56 | (b) any new file in Source Code Form that contains any Covered 57 | Software. 58 | 59 | 1.11. "Patent Claims" of a Contributor 60 | means any patent claim(s), including without limitation, method, 61 | process, and apparatus claims, in any patent Licensable by such 62 | Contributor that would be infringed, but for the grant of the 63 | License, by the making, using, selling, offering for sale, having 64 | made, import, or transfer of either its Contributions or its 65 | Contributor Version. 66 | 67 | 1.12. "Secondary License" 68 | means either the GNU General Public License, Version 2.0, the GNU 69 | Lesser General Public License, Version 2.1, the GNU Affero General 70 | Public License, Version 3.0, or any later versions of those 71 | licenses. 72 | 73 | 1.13. "Source Code Form" 74 | means the form of the work preferred for making modifications. 75 | 76 | 1.14. "You" (or "Your") 77 | means an individual or a legal entity exercising rights under this 78 | License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity that 79 | controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with You. For 80 | purposes of this definition, "control" means (a) the power, direct 81 | or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, 82 | whether by contract or otherwise, or (b) ownership of more than 83 | fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding shares or beneficial 84 | ownership of such entity. 85 | 86 | 2. License Grants and Conditions 87 | -------------------------------- 88 | 89 | 2.1. Grants 90 | 91 | Each Contributor hereby grants You a world-wide, royalty-free, 92 | non-exclusive license: 93 | 94 | (a) under intellectual property rights (other than patent or trademark) 95 | Licensable by such Contributor to use, reproduce, make available, 96 | modify, display, perform, distribute, and otherwise exploit its 97 | Contributions, either on an unmodified basis, with Modifications, or 98 | as part of a Larger Work; and 99 | 100 | (b) under Patent Claims of such Contributor to make, use, sell, offer 101 | for sale, have made, import, and otherwise transfer either its 102 | Contributions or its Contributor Version. 103 | 104 | 2.2. Effective Date 105 | 106 | The licenses granted in Section 2.1 with respect to any Contribution 107 | become effective for each Contribution on the date the Contributor first 108 | distributes such Contribution. 109 | 110 | 2.3. Limitations on Grant Scope 111 | 112 | The licenses granted in this Section 2 are the only rights granted under 113 | this License. No additional rights or licenses will be implied from the 114 | distribution or licensing of Covered Software under this License. 115 | Notwithstanding Section 2.1(b) above, no patent license is granted by a 116 | Contributor: 117 | 118 | (a) for any code that a Contributor has removed from Covered Software; 119 | or 120 | 121 | (b) for infringements caused by: (i) Your and any other third party's 122 | modifications of Covered Software, or (ii) the combination of its 123 | Contributions with other software (except as part of its Contributor 124 | Version); or 125 | 126 | (c) under Patent Claims infringed by Covered Software in the absence of 127 | its Contributions. 128 | 129 | This License does not grant any rights in the trademarks, service marks, 130 | or logos of any Contributor (except as may be necessary to comply with 131 | the notice requirements in Section 3.4). 132 | 133 | 2.4. Subsequent Licenses 134 | 135 | No Contributor makes additional grants as a result of Your choice to 136 | distribute the Covered Software under a subsequent version of this 137 | License (see Section 10.2) or under the terms of a Secondary License (if 138 | permitted under the terms of Section 3.3). 139 | 140 | 2.5. Representation 141 | 142 | Each Contributor represents that the Contributor believes its 143 | Contributions are its original creation(s) or it has sufficient rights 144 | to grant the rights to its Contributions conveyed by this License. 145 | 146 | 2.6. Fair Use 147 | 148 | This License is not intended to limit any rights You have under 149 | applicable copyright doctrines of fair use, fair dealing, or other 150 | equivalents. 151 | 152 | 2.7. Conditions 153 | 154 | Sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 are conditions of the licenses granted 155 | in Section 2.1. 156 | 157 | 3. Responsibilities 158 | ------------------- 159 | 160 | 3.1. Distribution of Source Form 161 | 162 | All distribution of Covered Software in Source Code Form, including any 163 | Modifications that You create or to which You contribute, must be under 164 | the terms of this License. You must inform recipients that the Source 165 | Code Form of the Covered Software is governed by the terms of this 166 | License, and how they can obtain a copy of this License. You may not 167 | attempt to alter or restrict the recipients' rights in the Source Code 168 | Form. 169 | 170 | 3.2. Distribution of Executable Form 171 | 172 | If You distribute Covered Software in Executable Form then: 173 | 174 | (a) such Covered Software must also be made available in Source Code 175 | Form, as described in Section 3.1, and You must inform recipients of 176 | the Executable Form how they can obtain a copy of such Source Code 177 | Form by reasonable means in a timely manner, at a charge no more 178 | than the cost of distribution to the recipient; and 179 | 180 | (b) You may distribute such Executable Form under the terms of this 181 | License, or sublicense it under different terms, provided that the 182 | license for the Executable Form does not attempt to limit or alter 183 | the recipients' rights in the Source Code Form under this License. 184 | 185 | 3.3. Distribution of a Larger Work 186 | 187 | You may create and distribute a Larger Work under terms of Your choice, 188 | provided that You also comply with the requirements of this License for 189 | the Covered Software. If the Larger Work is a combination of Covered 190 | Software with a work governed by one or more Secondary Licenses, and the 191 | Covered Software is not Incompatible With Secondary Licenses, this 192 | License permits You to additionally distribute such Covered Software 193 | under the terms of such Secondary License(s), so that the recipient of 194 | the Larger Work may, at their option, further distribute the Covered 195 | Software under the terms of either this License or such Secondary 196 | License(s). 197 | 198 | 3.4. Notices 199 | 200 | You may not remove or alter the substance of any license notices 201 | (including copyright notices, patent notices, disclaimers of warranty, 202 | or limitations of liability) contained within the Source Code Form of 203 | the Covered Software, except that You may alter any license notices to 204 | the extent required to remedy known factual inaccuracies. 205 | 206 | 3.5. Application of Additional Terms 207 | 208 | You may choose to offer, and to charge a fee for, warranty, support, 209 | indemnity or liability obligations to one or more recipients of Covered 210 | Software. However, You may do so only on Your own behalf, and not on 211 | behalf of any Contributor. You must make it absolutely clear that any 212 | such warranty, support, indemnity, or liability obligation is offered by 213 | You alone, and You hereby agree to indemnify every Contributor for any 214 | liability incurred by such Contributor as a result of warranty, support, 215 | indemnity or liability terms You offer. You may include additional 216 | disclaimers of warranty and limitations of liability specific to any 217 | jurisdiction. 218 | 219 | 4. Inability to Comply Due to Statute or Regulation 220 | --------------------------------------------------- 221 | 222 | If it is impossible for You to comply with any of the terms of this 223 | License with respect to some or all of the Covered Software due to 224 | statute, judicial order, or regulation then You must: (a) comply with 225 | the terms of this License to the maximum extent possible; and (b) 226 | describe the limitations and the code they affect. Such description must 227 | be placed in a text file included with all distributions of the Covered 228 | Software under this License. Except to the extent prohibited by statute 229 | or regulation, such description must be sufficiently detailed for a 230 | recipient of ordinary skill to be able to understand it. 231 | 232 | 5. Termination 233 | -------------- 234 | 235 | 5.1. The rights granted under this License will terminate automatically 236 | if You fail to comply with any of its terms. However, if You become 237 | compliant, then the rights granted under this License from a particular 238 | Contributor are reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until such 239 | Contributor explicitly and finally terminates Your grants, and (b) on an 240 | ongoing basis, if such Contributor fails to notify You of the 241 | non-compliance by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after You have 242 | come back into compliance. Moreover, Your grants from a particular 243 | Contributor are reinstated on an ongoing basis if such Contributor 244 | notifies You of the non-compliance by some reasonable means, this is the 245 | first time You have received notice of non-compliance with this License 246 | from such Contributor, and You become compliant prior to 30 days after 247 | Your receipt of the notice. 248 | 249 | 5.2. If You initiate litigation against any entity by asserting a patent 250 | infringement claim (excluding declaratory judgment actions, 251 | counter-claims, and cross-claims) alleging that a Contributor Version 252 | directly or indirectly infringes any patent, then the rights granted to 253 | You by any and all Contributors for the Covered Software under Section 254 | 2.1 of this License shall terminate. 255 | 256 | 5.3. In the event of termination under Sections 5.1 or 5.2 above, all 257 | end user license agreements (excluding distributors and resellers) which 258 | have been validly granted by You or Your distributors under this License 259 | prior to termination shall survive termination. 260 | 261 | ************************************************************************ 262 | * * 263 | * 6. Disclaimer of Warranty * 264 | * ------------------------- * 265 | * * 266 | * Covered Software is provided under this License on an "as is" * 267 | * basis, without warranty of any kind, either expressed, implied, or * 268 | * statutory, including, without limitation, warranties that the * 269 | * Covered Software is free of defects, merchantable, fit for a * 270 | * particular purpose or non-infringing. The entire risk as to the * 271 | * quality and performance of the Covered Software is with You. * 272 | * Should any Covered Software prove defective in any respect, You * 273 | * (not any Contributor) assume the cost of any necessary servicing, * 274 | * repair, or correction. This disclaimer of warranty constitutes an * 275 | * essential part of this License. No use of any Covered Software is * 276 | * authorized under this License except under this disclaimer. * 277 | * * 278 | ************************************************************************ 279 | 280 | ************************************************************************ 281 | * * 282 | * 7. Limitation of Liability * 283 | * -------------------------- * 284 | * * 285 | * Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether tort * 286 | * (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall any * 287 | * Contributor, or anyone who distributes Covered Software as * 288 | * permitted above, be liable to You for any direct, indirect, * 289 | * special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character * 290 | * including, without limitation, damages for lost profits, loss of * 291 | * goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any * 292 | * and all other commercial damages or losses, even if such party * 293 | * shall have been informed of the possibility of such damages. This * 294 | * limitation of liability shall not apply to liability for death or * 295 | * personal injury resulting from such party's negligence to the * 296 | * extent applicable law prohibits such limitation. Some * 297 | * jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of * 298 | * incidental or consequential damages, so this exclusion and * 299 | * limitation may not apply to You. * 300 | * * 301 | ************************************************************************ 302 | 303 | 8. Litigation 304 | ------------- 305 | 306 | Any litigation relating to this License may be brought only in the 307 | courts of a jurisdiction where the defendant maintains its principal 308 | place of business and such litigation shall be governed by laws of that 309 | jurisdiction, without reference to its conflict-of-law provisions. 310 | Nothing in this Section shall prevent a party's ability to bring 311 | cross-claims or counter-claims. 312 | 313 | 9. Miscellaneous 314 | ---------------- 315 | 316 | This License represents the complete agreement concerning the subject 317 | matter hereof. If any provision of this License is held to be 318 | unenforceable, such provision shall be reformed only to the extent 319 | necessary to make it enforceable. Any law or regulation which provides 320 | that the language of a contract shall be construed against the drafter 321 | shall not be used to construe this License against a Contributor. 322 | 323 | 10. Versions of the License 324 | --------------------------- 325 | 326 | 10.1. New Versions 327 | 328 | Mozilla Foundation is the license steward. Except as provided in Section 329 | 10.3, no one other than the license steward has the right to modify or 330 | publish new versions of this License. Each version will be given a 331 | distinguishing version number. 332 | 333 | 10.2. Effect of New Versions 334 | 335 | You may distribute the Covered Software under the terms of the version 336 | of the License under which You originally received the Covered Software, 337 | or under the terms of any subsequent version published by the license 338 | steward. 339 | 340 | 10.3. Modified Versions 341 | 342 | If you create software not governed by this License, and you want to 343 | create a new license for such software, you may create and use a 344 | modified version of this License if you rename the license and remove 345 | any references to the name of the license steward (except to note that 346 | such modified license differs from this License). 347 | 348 | 10.4. Distributing Source Code Form that is Incompatible With Secondary 349 | Licenses 350 | 351 | If You choose to distribute Source Code Form that is Incompatible With 352 | Secondary Licenses under the terms of this version of the License, the 353 | notice described in Exhibit B of this License must be attached. 354 | 355 | Exhibit A - Source Code Form License Notice 356 | ------------------------------------------- 357 | 358 | This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public 359 | License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this 360 | file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. 361 | 362 | If it is not possible or desirable to put the notice in a particular 363 | file, then You may include the notice in a location (such as a LICENSE 364 | file in a relevant directory) where a recipient would be likely to look 365 | for such a notice. 366 | 367 | You may add additional accurate notices of copyright ownership. 368 | 369 | Exhibit B - "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses" Notice 370 | --------------------------------------------------------- 371 | 372 | This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as 373 | defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. 374 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------