├── Capital asset pricing model.py ├── Compound interest calculatio.py ├── Debt to equity ratio.py ├── Discounted Cash Flow.py ├── Dividend yield.py ├── EBITDA.py ├── Future value of an investment.py ├── Internal Rate of Return.py ├── LICENSE ├── Net Present Value.py ├── Payback Period.py ├── Quick ratio.py ├── Return on Investment.py └── Simple Moving Average.py /Capital asset pricing model.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def capm(expected_market_return, risk_free_rate, beta): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Expected Return using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). 4 | 5 | CAPM describes the relationship between systematic risk and expected return for assets, particularly stocks. 6 | 7 | :param expected_market_return: Expected return of the market. 8 | :param risk_free_rate: Risk-free rate of return. 9 | :param beta: Beta of the security. 10 | :return: Expected return of the security. 11 | """ 12 | return risk_free_rate + beta * (expected_market_return - risk_free_rate) 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | expected_market_return = 0.08 16 | risk_free_rate = 0.03 17 | beta = 1.2 18 | print(capm(expected_market_return, risk_free_rate, beta)) 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Compound interest calculatio.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def compound_interest(principal, rate, times_compounded, years): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Compound Interest. 4 | 5 | Compound interest is the interest on a loan or deposit calculated based on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods. 6 | 7 | :param principal: Initial amount of money. 8 | :param rate: Annual interest rate (decimal). 9 | :param times_compounded: Number of times interest is compounded per year. 10 | :param years: Number of years the money is invested or borrowed for. 11 | :return: Total amount after interest. 12 | """ 13 | amount = principal * (1 + rate / times_compounded) ** (times_compounded * years) 14 | return amount 15 | 16 | # Example usage: 17 | principal = 1000 18 | rate = 0.05 19 | times_compounded = 4 20 | years = 5 21 | print(compound_interest(principal, rate, times_compounded, years)) 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Debt to equity ratio.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def debt_to_equity_ratio(total_debt, total_equity): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Debt-to-Equity Ratio. 4 | 5 | The debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of a company's financial leverage. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. 6 | 7 | :param total_debt: Total debt of the company. 8 | :param total_equity: Total equity of the company. 9 | :return: Debt-to-equity ratio. 10 | """ 11 | return total_debt / total_equity 12 | 13 | # Example usage: 14 | total_debt = 50000 15 | total_equity = 200000 16 | print(debt_to_equity_ratio(total_debt, total_equity)) 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Discounted Cash Flow.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def discounted_cash_flow(cash_flows, discount_rate): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Discounted Cash Flow (DCF). 4 | 5 | DCF is used to estimate the value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows, discounted back to their present value. 6 | 7 | :param cash_flows: List of cash flows (inflows and outflows). 8 | :param discount_rate: Discount rate (decimal). 9 | :return: Present value of cash flows. 10 | """ 11 | dcf = sum([cf / (1 + discount_rate) ** i for i, cf in enumerate(cash_flows)]) 12 | return dcf 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | cash_flows = [100, 200, 300, 400] 16 | discount_rate = 0.1 17 | print(discounted_cash_flow(cash_flows, discount_rate)) 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Dividend yield.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def dividend_yield(dividend_per_share, market_price_per_share): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Dividend Yield. 4 | 5 | The dividend yield is a financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its stock price. It's used by investors to evaluate the return on their investment. 6 | 7 | :param dividend_per_share: Dividend paid per share. 8 | :param market_price_per_share: Current market price per share. 9 | :return: Dividend yield as a percentage. 10 | """ 11 | return (dividend_per_share / market_price_per_share) * 100 12 | 13 | # Example usage: 14 | dividend_per_share = 2 15 | market_price_per_share = 50 16 | print(dividend_yield(dividend_per_share, market_price_per_share)) 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /EBITDA.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def ebitda(revenue, expenses, interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (EBITDA). 4 | 5 | EBITDA is a measure of a company's overall financial performance and is used as an alternative to net income. 6 | 7 | :param revenue: Total revenue. 8 | :param expenses: Operating expenses. 9 | :param interest: Interest expenses. 10 | :param taxes: Tax expenses. 11 | :param depreciation: Depreciation expenses. 12 | :param amortization: Amortization expenses. 13 | :return: EBITDA value. 14 | """ 15 | return revenue - expenses + interest + taxes + depreciation + amortization 16 | 17 | # Example usage: 18 | revenue = 100000 19 | expenses = 60000 20 | interest = 5000 21 | taxes = 10000 22 | depreciation = 8000 23 | amortization = 7000 24 | print(ebitda(revenue, expenses, interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization)) 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Future value of an investment.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def future_value(principal, rate, time): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Future Value of an Investment. 4 | 5 | Future value is the value of an investment at a specific date in the future based on an assumed rate of growth. 6 | 7 | :param principal: Initial amount of money. 8 | :param rate: Annual interest rate (decimal). 9 | :param time: Number of years the money is invested or borrowed for. 10 | :return: Future value of the investment. 11 | """ 12 | return principal * (1 + rate) ** time 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | principal = 1000 16 | rate = 0.05 17 | time = 10 18 | print(future_value(principal, rate, time)) 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Internal Rate of Return.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import numpy as np 2 | 3 | def internal_rate_of_return(cash_flows): 4 | """ 5 | Calculate Internal Rate of Return (IRR). 6 | 7 | IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero. It's used to evaluate the attractiveness of a project or investment. 8 | 9 | :param cash_flows: List of cash flows (inflows and outflows). 10 | :return: IRR value. 11 | """ 12 | return np.irr(cash_flows) 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | cash_flows = [-500, 200, 300, 400] 16 | print(internal_rate_of_return(cash_flows)) 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Apache License 2 | Version 2.0, January 2004 3 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/ 4 | 5 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION 6 | 7 | 1. Definitions. 8 | 9 | "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, 10 | and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document. 11 | 12 | "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by 13 | the copyright owner that is granting the License. 14 | 15 | "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all 16 | other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common 17 | control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, 18 | "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the 19 | direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or 20 | otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the 21 | outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity. 22 | 23 | "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity 24 | exercising permissions granted by this License. 25 | 26 | "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, 27 | including but not limited to software source code, documentation 28 | source, and configuration files. 29 | 30 | "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical 31 | transformation or translation of a Source form, including but 32 | not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, 33 | and conversions to other media types. 34 | 35 | "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or 36 | Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a 37 | copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work 38 | (an example is provided in the Appendix below). 39 | 40 | "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object 41 | form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the 42 | editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications 43 | represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes 44 | of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain 45 | separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, 46 | the Work and Derivative Works thereof. 47 | 48 | "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including 49 | the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions 50 | to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally 51 | submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner 52 | or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of 53 | the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" 54 | means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent 55 | to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to 56 | communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, 57 | and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the 58 | Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but 59 | excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise 60 | designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution." 61 | 62 | "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity 63 | on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and 64 | subsequently incorporated within the Work. 65 | 66 | 2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of 67 | this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, 68 | worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable 69 | copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, 70 | publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the 71 | Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form. 72 | 73 | 3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of 74 | this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, 75 | worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable 76 | (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, 77 | use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, 78 | where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable 79 | by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their 80 | Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) 81 | with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You 82 | institute patent litigation against any entity (including a 83 | cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work 84 | or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct 85 | or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses 86 | granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate 87 | as of the date such litigation is filed. 88 | 89 | 4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the 90 | Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without 91 | modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You 92 | meet the following conditions: 93 | 94 | (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or 95 | Derivative Works a copy of this License; and 96 | 97 | (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices 98 | stating that You changed the files; and 99 | 100 | (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works 101 | that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and 102 | attribution notices from the Source form of the Work, 103 | excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of 104 | the Derivative Works; and 105 | 106 | (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its 107 | distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must 108 | include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained 109 | within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not 110 | pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one 111 | of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed 112 | as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or 113 | documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, 114 | within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and 115 | wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents 116 | of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and 117 | do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution 118 | notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside 119 | or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided 120 | that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed 121 | as modifying the License. 122 | 123 | You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and 124 | may provide additional or different license terms and conditions 125 | for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or 126 | for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, 127 | reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with 128 | the conditions stated in this License. 129 | 130 | 5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, 131 | any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work 132 | by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of 133 | this License, without any additional terms or conditions. 134 | Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify 135 | the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed 136 | with Licensor regarding such Contributions. 137 | 138 | 6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade 139 | names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, 140 | except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the 141 | origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file. 142 | 143 | 7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or 144 | agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each 145 | Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, 146 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or 147 | implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions 148 | of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A 149 | PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the 150 | appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any 151 | risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License. 152 | 153 | 8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, 154 | whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, 155 | unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly 156 | negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be 157 | liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, 158 | incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a 159 | result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the 160 | Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, 161 | work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all 162 | other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor 163 | has been advised of the possibility of such damages. 164 | 165 | 9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing 166 | the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, 167 | and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, 168 | or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this 169 | License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only 170 | on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf 171 | of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, 172 | defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability 173 | incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason 174 | of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability. 175 | 176 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 177 | 178 | APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work. 179 | 180 | To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following 181 | boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" 182 | replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include 183 | the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate 184 | comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a 185 | file or class name and description of purpose be included on the 186 | same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier 187 | identification within third-party archives. 188 | 189 | Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner] 190 | 191 | Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 192 | you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 193 | You may obtain a copy of the License at 194 | 195 | http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 196 | 197 | Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 198 | distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 199 | WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 200 | See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 201 | limitations under the License. 202 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Net Present Value.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def net_present_value(cash_flows, discount_rate): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Net Present Value (NPV). 4 | 5 | NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows over a period of time. It's used to analyze the profitability of an investment. 6 | 7 | :param cash_flows: List of cash flows (inflows and outflows). 8 | :param discount_rate: Discount rate (decimal). 9 | :return: NPV value. 10 | """ 11 | npv = sum([cf / (1 + discount_rate) ** i for i, cf in enumerate(cash_flows)]) 12 | return npv 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | cash_flows = [-500, 200, 300, 400] 16 | discount_rate = 0.1 17 | print(net_present_value(cash_flows, discount_rate)) 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Payback Period.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def payback_period(initial_investment, cash_flows): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Payback Period. 4 | 5 | The payback period is the time it takes for an investment to generate an amount of money equal to the initial investment. It's a simple measure of investment recovery. 6 | 7 | :param initial_investment: Initial amount of money invested. 8 | :param cash_flows: List of cash inflows. 9 | :return: Payback period in years. 10 | """ 11 | cumulative_cash_flow = 0 12 | for i, cash_flow in enumerate(cash_flows): 13 | cumulative_cash_flow += cash_flow 14 | if cumulative_cash_flow >= initial_investment: 15 | return i + 1 16 | return None 17 | 18 | # Example usage: 19 | initial_investment = 500 20 | cash_flows = [100, 150, 200, 250] 21 | print(payback_period(initial_investment, cash_flows)) 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Quick ratio.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def quick_ratio(current_assets, inventory, current_liabilities): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Quick Ratio. 4 | 5 | The quick ratio, also known as the acid-test ratio, measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets. 6 | 7 | :param current_assets: Total current assets. 8 | :param inventory: Total inventory. 9 | :param current_liabilities: Total current liabilities. 10 | :return: Quick ratio. 11 | """ 12 | return (current_assets - inventory) / current_liabilities 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | current_assets = 15000 16 | inventory = 5000 17 | current_liabilities = 5000 18 | print(quick_ratio(current_assets, inventory, current_liabilities)) 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Return on Investment.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | def return_on_investment(gain_from_investment, cost_of_investment): 2 | """ 3 | Calculate Return on Investment (ROI). 4 | 5 | ROI is a measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment. It is calculated by dividing the gain from the investment by the cost of the investment. 6 | 7 | :param gain_from_investment: Profit from investment. 8 | :param cost_of_investment: Cost of the investment. 9 | :return: ROI as a percentage. 10 | """ 11 | roi = (gain_from_investment - cost_of_investment) / cost_of_investment * 100 12 | return roi 13 | 14 | # Example usage: 15 | gain_from_investment = 2000 16 | cost_of_investment = 1500 17 | print(return_on_investment(gain_from_investment, cost_of_investment)) 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Simple Moving Average.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import numpy as np 2 | 3 | def simple_moving_average(prices, window): 4 | """ 5 | Calculate the Simple Moving Average (SMA). 6 | 7 | SMA is used to smooth out price data to identify the direction of the trend. 8 | It's calculated by averaging a subset of prices over a defined period. 9 | 10 | :param prices: List of stock prices. 11 | :param window: Number of periods over which to average. 12 | :return: List of SMA values. 13 | """ 14 | sma = np.convolve(prices, np.ones(window)/window, 'valid') 15 | return sma 16 | 17 | # Example usage: 18 | prices = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] 19 | window = 3 20 | print(simple_moving_average(prices, window)) 21 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------