├── .ipynb_checkpoints
├── BERT Word Embeddings-checkpoint.ipynb
├── BanditPAM-checkpoint.ipynb
├── Image Clustering-checkpoint.ipynb
├── NLTK Tokenizers-checkpoint.ipynb
└── plot_kmedoids_digits-checkpoint.py
├── BERT Word Embeddings.ipynb
├── BanditPAM.ipynb
├── Image Clustering.ipynb
├── LICENSE
├── NLTK Tokenizers.ipynb
├── README.md
└── plot_kmedoids_digits.py
/.ipynb_checkpoints/BERT Word Embeddings-checkpoint.ipynb:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | "cells": [
3 | {
4 | "cell_type": "markdown",
5 | "metadata": {},
6 | "source": [
7 | "# BERT Word Embeddings\n",
8 | "\n",
9 | "Three ways to obtain word embeddings from BERT:\n",
10 | "- context-free\n",
11 | "- context-averaged\n",
12 | "- "
13 | ]
14 | },
15 | {
16 | "cell_type": "code",
17 | "execution_count": 1,
18 | "metadata": {},
19 | "outputs": [],
20 | "source": [
21 | "#!pip install torch\n",
22 | "#!pip install transformers"
23 | ]
24 | },
25 | {
26 | "cell_type": "code",
27 | "execution_count": 7,
28 | "metadata": {},
29 | "outputs": [],
30 | "source": [
31 | "from transformers import BertTokenizer, BertModel\n",
32 | "import pandas as pd\n",
33 | "import numpy as np\n",
34 | "import nltk\n",
35 | "import torch"
36 | ]
37 | },
38 | {
39 | "cell_type": "code",
40 | "execution_count": 3,
41 | "metadata": {},
42 | "outputs": [
43 | {
44 | "data": {
45 | "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
46 | "model_id": "642b7dcad437414ebdaff58a032d2e35",
47 | "version_major": 2,
48 | "version_minor": 0
49 | },
50 | "text/plain": [
51 | "HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=433.0, style=ProgressStyle(description_…"
52 | ]
53 | },
54 | "metadata": {},
55 | "output_type": "display_data"
56 | },
57 | {
58 | "name": "stdout",
59 | "output_type": "stream",
60 | "text": [
61 | "\n"
62 | ]
63 | },
64 | {
65 | "data": {
66 | "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
67 | "model_id": "292a2daf07e44455b863113d890f9109",
68 | "version_major": 2,
69 | "version_minor": 0
70 | },
71 | "text/plain": [
72 | "HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=440473133.0, style=ProgressStyle(descri…"
73 | ]
74 | },
75 | "metadata": {},
76 | "output_type": "display_data"
77 | },
78 | {
79 | "name": "stdout",
80 | "output_type": "stream",
81 | "text": [
82 | "\n"
83 | ]
84 | },
85 | {
86 | "data": {
87 | "application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
88 | "model_id": "799d26a232d54abbbe603d1cb61d7795",
89 | "version_major": 2,
90 | "version_minor": 0
91 | },
92 | "text/plain": [
93 | "HBox(children=(FloatProgress(value=0.0, description='Downloading', max=231508.0, style=ProgressStyle(descripti…"
94 | ]
95 | },
96 | "metadata": {},
97 | "output_type": "display_data"
98 | },
99 | {
100 | "name": "stdout",
101 | "output_type": "stream",
102 | "text": [
103 | "\n"
104 | ]
105 | }
106 | ],
107 | "source": [
108 | "# Loading the pre-trained BERT model\n",
109 | "###################################\n",
110 | "# Embeddings will be derived from\n",
111 | "# the outputs of this model\n",
112 | "model = BertModel.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased',\n",
113 | " output_hidden_states = True,\n",
114 | " )\n",
115 | "\n",
116 | "# Setting up the tokenizer\n",
117 | "###################################\n",
118 | "# This is the same tokenizer that\n",
119 | "# was used in the model to generate \n",
120 | "# embeddings to ensure consistency\n",
121 | "tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')"
122 | ]
123 | },
124 | {
125 | "cell_type": "code",
126 | "execution_count": 29,
127 | "metadata": {},
128 | "outputs": [],
129 | "source": [
130 | "# Text corpus\n",
131 | "##############\n",
132 | "# These sentences show the different\n",
133 | "# forms of the word 'bank' to show the\n",
134 | "# value of contextualized embeddings\n",
135 | "\n",
136 | "texts = [\"bank\",\n",
137 | " \"The river bank was flooded.\",\n",
138 | " \"The bank vault was robust.\",\n",
139 | " \"He had to bank on her for support.\",\n",
140 | " \"The bank was out of money.\",\n",
141 | " \"The bank teller was a man.\"]"
142 | ]
143 | },
144 | {
145 | "cell_type": "code",
146 | "execution_count": 30,
147 | "metadata": {},
148 | "outputs": [],
149 | "source": [
150 | "def bert_text_preparation(text, tokenizer):\n",
151 | " \"\"\"Preparing the input for BERT\n",
152 | " \n",
153 | " Takes a string argument and performs\n",
154 | " pre-processing like adding special tokens,\n",
155 | " tokenization, tokens to ids, and tokens to\n",
156 | " segment ids. All tokens are mapped to seg-\n",
157 | " ment id = 1.\n",
158 | " \n",
159 | " Args:\n",
160 | " text (str): Text to be converted\n",
161 | " tokenizer (obj): Tokenizer object\n",
162 | " to convert text into BERT-re-\n",
163 | " adable tokens and ids\n",
164 | " \n",
165 | " Returns:\n",
166 | " list: List of BERT-readable tokens\n",
167 | " obj: Torch tensor with token ids\n",
168 | " obj: Torch tensor segment ids\n",
169 | " \n",
170 | " \n",
171 | " \"\"\"\n",
172 | " marked_text = \"[CLS] \" + text + \" [SEP]\"\n",
173 | " tokenized_text = tokenizer.tokenize(marked_text)\n",
174 | " indexed_tokens = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(tokenized_text)\n",
175 | " segments_ids = [1]*len(indexed_tokens)\n",
176 | "\n",
177 | " # Convert inputs to PyTorch tensors\n",
178 | " tokens_tensor = torch.tensor([indexed_tokens])\n",
179 | " segments_tensors = torch.tensor([segments_ids])\n",
180 | "\n",
181 | " return tokenized_text, tokens_tensor, segments_tensors\n",
182 | " \n",
183 | "def get_bert_embeddings(tokens_tensor, segments_tensors, model):\n",
184 | " \"\"\"Get embeddings from an embedding model\n",
185 | " \n",
186 | " Args:\n",
187 | " tokens_tensor (obj): Torch tensor size [n_tokens]\n",
188 | " with token ids for each token in text\n",
189 | " segments_tensors (obj): Torch tensor size [n_tokens]\n",
190 | " with segment ids for each token in text\n",
191 | " model (obj): Embedding model to generate embeddings\n",
192 | " from token and segment ids\n",
193 | " \n",
194 | " Returns:\n",
195 | " list: List of list of floats of size\n",
196 | " [n_tokens, n_embedding_dimensions]\n",
197 | " containing embeddings for each token\n",
198 | " \n",
199 | " \"\"\"\n",
200 | " \n",
201 | " # Gradient calculation id disabled\n",
202 | " # Model is in inference mode\n",
203 | " with torch.no_grad():\n",
204 | " outputs = model(tokens_tensor, segments_tensors)\n",
205 | " # Removing the first hidden state\n",
206 | " # The first state is the input state\n",
207 | " hidden_states = outputs[2][1:]\n",
208 | "\n",
209 | " # Getting embeddings from the final BERT layer\n",
210 | " token_embeddings = hidden_states[-1]\n",
211 | " # Collapsing the tensor into 1-dimension\n",
212 | " token_embeddings = torch.squeeze(token_embeddings, dim=0)\n",
213 | " # Converting torchtensors to lists\n",
214 | " list_token_embeddings = [token_embed.tolist() for token_embed in token_embeddings]\n",
215 | "\n",
216 | " return list_token_embeddings"
217 | ]
218 | },
219 | {
220 | "cell_type": "code",
221 | "execution_count": 31,
222 | "metadata": {},
223 | "outputs": [],
224 | "source": [
225 | "# Getting embeddings for the target\n",
226 | "# word in all given contexts\n",
227 | "target_word_embeddings = []\n",
228 | "\n",
229 | "for text in texts:\n",
230 | " tokenized_text, tokens_tensor, segments_tensors = bert_text_preparation(text, tokenizer)\n",
231 | " list_token_embeddings = get_bert_embeddings(tokens_tensor, segments_tensors, model)\n",
232 | " \n",
233 | " # Find the position 'bank' in list of tokens\n",
234 | " word_index = tokenized_text.index('bank')\n",
235 | " # Get the embedding for bank\n",
236 | " word_embedding = list_token_embeddings[word_index]\n",
237 | "\n",
238 | " target_word_embeddings.append(word_embedding)"
239 | ]
240 | },
241 | {
242 | "cell_type": "code",
243 | "execution_count": 42,
244 | "metadata": {},
245 | "outputs": [],
246 | "source": [
247 | "from scipy.spatial.distance import cosine\n",
248 | "\n",
249 | "# Calculating the distance between the\n",
250 | "# embeddings of 'bank' in all the\n",
251 | "# given contexts of the word\n",
252 | "\n",
253 | "list_of_distances = []\n",
254 | "for text1, embed1 in zip(texts, target_word_embeddings):\n",
255 | " for text2, embed2 in zip(texts, target_word_embeddings):\n",
256 | " cos_dist = 1 - cosine(embed1, embed2)\n",
257 | " list_of_distances.append([text1, text2, cos_dist])\n",
258 | "\n",
259 | "distances_df = pd.DataFrame(list_of_distances, columns=['text1', 'text2', 'distance'])"
260 | ]
261 | },
262 | {
263 | "cell_type": "code",
264 | "execution_count": 43,
265 | "metadata": {},
266 | "outputs": [
267 | {
268 | "data": {
269 | "text/html": [
270 | "
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271 | "\n",
284 | "
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285 | " \n",
286 | "
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287 | "
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288 | "
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289 | "
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290 | "
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291 | "
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292 | " \n",
293 | " \n",
294 | "
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295 | "
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296 | "
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297 | "
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298 | "
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299 | "
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300 | "
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301 | "
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302 | "
bank
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303 | "
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304 | "
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305 | "
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306 | "
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307 | "
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308 | "
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309 | "
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310 | "
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311 | "
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312 | "
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313 | "
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314 | "
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315 | "
He had to bank on her for support.
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316 | "
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317 | "
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318 | "
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319 | "
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320 | "
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321 | "
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322 | "
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323 | "
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324 | "
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325 | "
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326 | "
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327 | "
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328 | "
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329 | "
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330 | " \n",
331 | "
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332 | "
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333 | ],
334 | "text/plain": [
335 | " text1 text2 distance\n",
336 | "0 bank bank 1.000000\n",
337 | "1 bank The river bank was flooded. 0.338063\n",
338 | "2 bank The bank vault was robust. 0.494098\n",
339 | "3 bank He had to bank on her for support. 0.256140\n",
340 | "4 bank The bank was out of money. 0.469942\n",
341 | "5 bank The bank teller was a man. 0.466020"
342 | ]
343 | },
344 | "execution_count": 43,
345 | "metadata": {},
346 | "output_type": "execute_result"
347 | }
348 | ],
349 | "source": [
350 | "distances_df[distances_df.text1 == 'bank']"
351 | ]
352 | },
353 | {
354 | "cell_type": "code",
355 | "execution_count": 44,
356 | "metadata": {},
357 | "outputs": [
358 | {
359 | "data": {
360 | "text/html": [
361 | "
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333 | ],
334 | "text/plain": [
335 | " text1 text2 distance\n",
336 | "0 bank bank 1.000000\n",
337 | "1 bank The river bank was flooded. 0.338063\n",
338 | "2 bank The bank vault was robust. 0.494098\n",
339 | "3 bank He had to bank on her for support. 0.256140\n",
340 | "4 bank The bank was out of money. 0.469942\n",
341 | "5 bank The bank teller was a man. 0.466020"
342 | ]
343 | },
344 | "execution_count": 43,
345 | "metadata": {},
346 | "output_type": "execute_result"
347 | }
348 | ],
349 | "source": [
350 | "distances_df[distances_df.text1 == 'bank']"
351 | ]
352 | },
353 | {
354 | "cell_type": "code",
355 | "execution_count": 44,
356 | "metadata": {},
357 | "outputs": [
358 | {
359 | "data": {
360 | "text/html": [
361 | "
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362 | "\n",
375 | "
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376 | " \n",
377 | "
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378 | "
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379 | "
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380 | "
text2
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381 | "
distance
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382 | "
\n",
383 | " \n",
384 | " \n",
385 | "
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386 | "
12
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387 | "
The bank vault was robust.
\n",
388 | "
bank
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389 | "
0.494098
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390 | "
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391 | "
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392 | "
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393 | "
The bank vault was robust.
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394 | "
The river bank was flooded.
\n",
395 | "
0.523325
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396 | "
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397 | "
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398 | "
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399 | "
The bank vault was robust.
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400 | "
The bank vault was robust.
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401 | "
1.000000
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402 | "
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403 | "
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404 | "
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405 | "
The bank vault was robust.
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406 | "
He had to bank on her for support.
\n",
407 | "
0.416074
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408 | "
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409 | "
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410 | "
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411 | "
The bank vault was robust.
\n",
412 | "
The bank was out of money.
\n",
413 | "
0.759213
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414 | "
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415 | "
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416 | "
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417 | "
The bank vault was robust.
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418 | "
The bank teller was a man.
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419 | "
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420 | "
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421 | " \n",
422 | "
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423 | "
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424 | ],
425 | "text/plain": [
426 | " text1 text2 distance\n",
427 | "12 The bank vault was robust. bank 0.494098\n",
428 | "13 The bank vault was robust. The river bank was flooded. 0.523325\n",
429 | "14 The bank vault was robust. The bank vault was robust. 1.000000\n",
430 | "15 The bank vault was robust. He had to bank on her for support. 0.416074\n",
431 | "16 The bank vault was robust. The bank was out of money. 0.759213\n",
432 | "17 The bank vault was robust. The bank teller was a man. 0.867661"
433 | ]
434 | },
435 | "execution_count": 44,
436 | "metadata": {},
437 | "output_type": "execute_result"
438 | }
439 | ],
440 | "source": [
441 | "distances_df[distances_df.text1 == 'The bank vault was robust.']"
442 | ]
443 | },
444 | {
445 | "cell_type": "code",
446 | "execution_count": 46,
447 | "metadata": {},
448 | "outputs": [
449 | {
450 | "name": "stdout",
451 | "output_type": "stream",
452 | "text": [
453 | "Distance between context-free and context-averaged = 0.6590343155941127\n"
454 | ]
455 | }
456 | ],
457 | "source": [
458 | "cos_dist = 1 - cosine(target_word_embeddings[0], np.sum(target_word_embeddings, axis=0))\n",
459 | "print(f'Distance between context-free and context-averaged = {cos_dist}')"
460 | ]
461 | },
462 | {
463 | "cell_type": "code",
464 | "execution_count": null,
465 | "metadata": {},
466 | "outputs": [],
467 | "source": []
468 | }
469 | ],
470 | "metadata": {
471 | "kernelspec": {
472 | "display_name": "Python 3",
473 | "language": "python",
474 | "name": "python3"
475 | },
476 | "language_info": {
477 | "codemirror_mode": {
478 | "name": "ipython",
479 | "version": 3
480 | },
481 | "file_extension": ".py",
482 | "mimetype": "text/x-python",
483 | "name": "python",
484 | "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
485 | "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
486 | "version": "3.8.3"
487 | }
488 | },
489 | "nbformat": 4,
490 | "nbformat_minor": 4
491 | }
492 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
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655 | Copyright (C)
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657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
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673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/NLTK Tokenizers.ipynb:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {
2 | "cells": [
3 | {
4 | "cell_type": "code",
5 | "execution_count": 8,
6 | "metadata": {},
7 | "outputs": [],
8 | "source": [
9 | "import nltk\n",
10 | "from nltk.tokenize import (TreebankWordTokenizer,\n",
11 | " word_tokenize,\n",
12 | " wordpunct_tokenize,\n",
13 | " TweetTokenizer,\n",
14 | " MWETokenizer)\n",
15 | "sentence = \"It's true, Ms. Martha Jones! #Truth\""
16 | ]
17 | },
18 | {
19 | "cell_type": "code",
20 | "execution_count": 2,
21 | "metadata": {},
22 | "outputs": [
23 | {
24 | "name": "stdout",
25 | "output_type": "stream",
26 | "text": [
27 | "Whitespace tokenization = [\"It's\", 'true,', 'Ms.', 'Martha', 'Jones!', '#Truth']\n"
28 | ]
29 | }
30 | ],
31 | "source": [
32 | "print(f'Whitespace tokenization = {sentence.split()}')"
33 | ]
34 | },
35 | {
36 | "cell_type": "code",
37 | "execution_count": 3,
38 | "metadata": {},
39 | "outputs": [
40 | {
41 | "name": "stdout",
42 | "output_type": "stream",
43 | "text": [
44 | "Punctuation-based tokenization = ['It', \"'\", 's', 'true', ',', 'Ms', '.', 'Martha', 'Jones', '!', '#', 'Truth']\n"
45 | ]
46 | }
47 | ],
48 | "source": [
49 | "print(f'Punctuation-based tokenization = {wordpunct_tokenize(sentence)}')"
50 | ]
51 | },
52 | {
53 | "cell_type": "code",
54 | "execution_count": 4,
55 | "metadata": {},
56 | "outputs": [
57 | {
58 | "name": "stdout",
59 | "output_type": "stream",
60 | "text": [
61 | "Multi-word expression (MWE) tokenization = ['It', \"'s\", 'true', ',', 'Ms.', 'Martha_Jones', '!', '#', 'Truth']\n"
62 | ]
63 | }
64 | ],
65 | "source": [
66 | "tokenizer = MWETokenizer()\n",
67 | "tokenizer.add_mwe(('Martha', 'Jones'))\n",
68 | "print(f'Multi-word expression (MWE) tokenization = {tokenizer.tokenize(word_tokenize(sentence))}')"
69 | ]
70 | },
71 | {
72 | "cell_type": "code",
73 | "execution_count": 5,
74 | "metadata": {},
75 | "outputs": [
76 | {
77 | "name": "stdout",
78 | "output_type": "stream",
79 | "text": [
80 | "Tweet-rules based tokenization = [\"It's\", 'true', ',', 'Ms', '.', 'Martha', 'Jones', '!', '#Truth']\n"
81 | ]
82 | }
83 | ],
84 | "source": [
85 | "tokenizer = TweetTokenizer()\n",
86 | "print(f'Tweet-rules based tokenization = {tokenizer.tokenize(sentence)}')"
87 | ]
88 | },
89 | {
90 | "cell_type": "code",
91 | "execution_count": 6,
92 | "metadata": {},
93 | "outputs": [
94 | {
95 | "name": "stdout",
96 | "output_type": "stream",
97 | "text": [
98 | "Default/Treebank tokenization = ['It', \"'s\", 'true', ',', 'Ms.', 'Martha', 'Jones', '!', '#', 'Truth']\n"
99 | ]
100 | }
101 | ],
102 | "source": [
103 | "tokenizer = TreebankWordTokenizer()\n",
104 | "print(f'Default/Treebank tokenization = {tokenizer.tokenize(sentence)}')"
105 | ]
106 | },
107 | {
108 | "cell_type": "code",
109 | "execution_count": null,
110 | "metadata": {},
111 | "outputs": [],
112 | "source": []
113 | }
114 | ],
115 | "metadata": {
116 | "kernelspec": {
117 | "display_name": "Python 3",
118 | "language": "python",
119 | "name": "python3"
120 | },
121 | "language_info": {
122 | "codemirror_mode": {
123 | "name": "ipython",
124 | "version": 3
125 | },
126 | "file_extension": ".py",
127 | "mimetype": "text/x-python",
128 | "name": "python",
129 | "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
130 | "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
131 | "version": "3.8.3"
132 | }
133 | },
134 | "nbformat": 4,
135 | "nbformat_minor": 4
136 | }
137 |
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/README.md:
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1 | # MachineLearning
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/plot_kmedoids_digits.py:
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1 | """
2 | =============================================================
3 | A demo of K-Medoids clustering on the handwritten digits data
4 | =============================================================
5 | In this example we compare different pairwise distance
6 | metrics for K-Medoids.
7 | """
8 | import numpy as np
9 | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
10 |
11 | from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
12 | from sklearn_extra.cluster import KMedoids
13 | from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
14 | from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
15 | from sklearn.preprocessing import scale
16 |
17 | print(__doc__)
18 |
19 | # Authors: Timo Erkkilä
20 | # Antti Lehmussola
21 | # Kornel Kiełczewski
22 | # License: BSD 3 clause
23 |
24 | np.random.seed(42)
25 |
26 | digits = load_digits()
27 | data = scale(digits.data)
28 | n_digits = len(np.unique(digits.target))
29 |
30 | reduced_data = PCA(n_components=2).fit_transform(data)
31 |
32 | # Step size of the mesh. Decrease to increase the quality of the VQ.
33 | h = 0.02 # point in the mesh [x_min, m_max]x[y_min, y_max].
34 |
35 | # Plot the decision boundary. For that, we will assign a color to each
36 | x_min, x_max = reduced_data[:, 0].min() - 1, reduced_data[:, 0].max() + 1
37 | y_min, y_max = reduced_data[:, 1].min() - 1, reduced_data[:, 1].max() + 1
38 | xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(x_min, x_max, h), np.arange(y_min, y_max, h))
39 |
40 | plt.figure()
41 | plt.clf()
42 |
43 | plt.suptitle(
44 | "Comparing multiple K-Medoids metrics to K-Means and each other",
45 | fontsize=14,
46 | )
47 |
48 |
49 | selected_models = [
50 | #(
51 | # KMedoids(metric="manhattan", n_clusters=n_digits),
52 | # "KMedoids (manhattan)",
53 | #),
54 | #(
55 | # KMedoids(metric="euclidean", n_clusters=n_digits),
56 | # "KMedoids (euclidean)",
57 | #),
58 | (KMedoids(metric="cosine", n_clusters=n_digits), "KMedoids (cosine)"),
59 | (KMeans(n_clusters=n_digits), "KMeans"),
60 | ]
61 |
62 | plot_rows = int(np.ceil(len(selected_models) / 2.0))
63 | plot_cols = 2
64 |
65 | for i, (model, description) in enumerate(selected_models):
66 |
67 | # Obtain labels for each point in mesh. Use last trained model.
68 | model.fit(reduced_data)
69 | Z = model.predict(np.c_[xx.ravel(), yy.ravel()])
70 |
71 | # Put the result into a color plot
72 | Z = Z.reshape(xx.shape)
73 | plt.subplot(plot_cols, plot_rows, i + 1)
74 | plt.imshow(
75 | Z,
76 | interpolation="nearest",
77 | extent=(xx.min(), xx.max(), yy.min(), yy.max()),
78 | cmap=plt.cm.Paired,
79 | aspect="auto",
80 | origin="lower",
81 | )
82 |
83 | plt.plot(
84 | reduced_data[:, 0], reduced_data[:, 1], "k.", markersize=2, alpha=0.3
85 | )
86 | # Plot the centroids as a white X
87 | centroids = model.cluster_centers_
88 | plt.scatter(
89 | centroids[:, 0],
90 | centroids[:, 1],
91 | marker="x",
92 | s=169,
93 | linewidths=3,
94 | color="w",
95 | zorder=10,
96 | )
97 | plt.title(description)
98 | plt.xlim(x_min, x_max)
99 | plt.ylim(y_min, y_max)
100 | plt.xticks(())
101 | plt.yticks(())
102 |
103 | plt.show()
104 |
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