├── .DS_Store ├── .gitignore ├── 2019-08-01-LikelihoodFree_1.md ├── README.md ├── _config.yml ├── _data └── topnav.yml ├── _includes ├── config.html ├── footer.html ├── head.html └── topnav.html ├── _layouts ├── default.html ├── member.html ├── page-sidenav.html ├── page.html ├── post-sidenav.html ├── post.html └── postset.html ├── _posts ├── 2019-06-23-EM_algorithm.md ├── 2019-06-27-Computing_BF.md ├── 2019-06-27-jensen.md ├── 2019-06-28-logtransformation.md ├── 2019-07-02-sobeltest_1.md ├── 2019-07-02-sobeltest_2.md ├── 2019-07-04-npb.md ├── 2019-07-04-sobeltest_3.md ├── 2019-07-07-bootstrap_mediation_1.md ├── 2019-07-07-bootstrap_mediation_2.md ├── 2019-07-08-Bayesian_mediation.md ├── 2019-07-12-DIC_WAIC.md ├── 2019-07-26-Wald_MCMC.md ├── 2019-07-29-eight_schools.md ├── 2019-07-29-sensitivity_analysis.md ├── 2019-08-01-LikelihoodFree_1.md ├── 2019-08-01-LikelihoodFree_2.md └── 2019-08-02-LikelihoodFree_3.md ├── _sass ├── _bootstrap.scss ├── _syntax-highlighting.scss └── bootstrap │ ├── _alerts.scss │ ├── _badges.scss │ ├── _breadcrumbs.scss │ ├── _button-groups.scss │ ├── _buttons.scss │ ├── _carousel.scss │ ├── _close.scss │ ├── _code.scss │ ├── _component-animations.scss │ ├── _dropdowns.scss │ ├── _forms.scss │ ├── _glyphicons.scss │ ├── _grid.scss │ ├── _input-groups.scss │ ├── _jumbotron.scss │ ├── _labels.scss │ ├── _list-group.scss │ ├── _media.scss │ ├── _mixins.scss │ ├── _modals.scss │ ├── _navbar.scss │ ├── _navs.scss │ ├── _normalize.scss │ ├── _pager.scss │ ├── _pagination.scss │ ├── _panels.scss │ ├── _popovers.scss │ ├── _print.scss │ ├── _progress-bars.scss │ ├── _responsive-embed.scss │ ├── _responsive-utilities.scss │ ├── _scaffolding.scss │ ├── _tables.scss │ ├── _theme.scss │ ├── _thumbnails.scss │ ├── _tooltip.scss │ ├── _type.scss │ ├── _utilities.scss │ ├── _variables.scss │ ├── _wells.scss │ └── mixins │ ├── _alerts.scss │ ├── _background-variant.scss │ ├── _border-radius.scss │ ├── _buttons.scss │ ├── _center-block.scss │ ├── _clearfix.scss │ ├── _forms.scss │ ├── _gradients.scss │ ├── _grid-framework.scss │ ├── _grid.scss │ ├── _hide-text.scss │ ├── _image.scss │ ├── _labels.scss │ ├── _list-group.scss │ ├── _nav-divider.scss │ ├── _nav-vertical-align.scss │ ├── _opacity.scss │ ├── _pagination.scss │ ├── _panels.scss │ ├── _progress-bar.scss │ ├── _reset-filter.scss │ ├── _reset-text.scss │ ├── _resize.scss │ ├── _responsive-visibility.scss │ ├── _size.scss │ ├── _tab-focus.scss │ ├── _table-row.scss │ ├── _text-emphasis.scss │ ├── _text-overflow.scss │ └── _vendor-prefixes.scss ├── bayes.svg.png ├── blog.Rproj ├── code ├── density.r └── dirichlet_process.py ├── css ├── font-awesome.min.css ├── fonts │ ├── FontAwesome.otf │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.eot │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.svg │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.ttf │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.woff │ └── fontawesome-webfont.woff2 └── main.scss ├── docs ├── abs │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ └── 0203.md ├── bc │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0100.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0102.md │ ├── 0103.md │ ├── 0104.md │ ├── 0105.md │ ├── 0200.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ ├── 0300.md │ ├── 0301.md │ ├── 0302.md │ ├── 0303.md │ ├── 0400.md │ ├── 0401.md │ └── 0406.md ├── index-backup.html ├── preposts │ ├── 2019-06-25-npb.md │ ├── 2019-06-30-crp.md │ ├── 2019-07-07-dp.md │ └── 2019-07-07-dp_application.md └── previous │ ├── PRML │ ├── chapter01 │ │ ├── 0.md │ │ ├── 1.md │ │ ├── 2.md │ │ ├── 3.md │ │ ├── 4.md │ │ ├── 5.md │ │ └── 6.md │ ├── chapter02 │ │ ├── 0.md │ │ ├── 1.md │ │ ├── 2.md │ │ ├── 3_1.md │ │ ├── 3_2.md │ │ ├── 3_3.md │ │ ├── 4.md │ │ └── 5.md │ ├── chapter03 │ │ ├── 0.md │ │ ├── 1.md │ │ ├── 2.md │ │ ├── 3.md │ │ ├── 4.md │ │ ├── 5.md │ │ └── 6.md │ ├── chapter04 │ │ ├── 0.md │ │ ├── 1.md │ │ ├── 2.md │ │ ├── 3.md │ │ ├── 4.md │ │ └── 5.md │ └── chapter05 │ │ ├── 0.md │ │ ├── 1.md │ │ ├── 2.md │ │ ├── 3.md │ │ ├── 4.md │ │ └── 5.md │ ├── agm │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0102.md │ ├── 0103.md │ ├── 0104.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ ├── 0203.md │ ├── 0204.md │ └── 0205.md │ ├── aons │ ├── 0.md │ └── 0100.md │ ├── aos2 │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0100.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0102.md │ ├── 0103.md │ ├── 0200.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ ├── 0300.md │ ├── 0400.md │ ├── 0500.md │ ├── 0600.md │ └── 0700.md │ ├── aos3 │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0100.md │ ├── 0200.md │ ├── 0300.md │ ├── 0400.md │ ├── 0500.md │ ├── 0600.md │ ├── 0700.md │ ├── 0800.md │ ├── 0900.md │ ├── 1000.md │ ├── 1100.md │ └── 1200.md │ ├── mpsl │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0100.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0102.md │ ├── 0103.md │ ├── 0104.md │ ├── 0105.md │ ├── 0200.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ ├── 0203.md │ ├── 0300.md │ ├── 0301.md │ ├── 0302.md │ ├── 0303.md │ ├── 0400.md │ ├── 0401.md │ └── 0406.md │ └── mpt │ ├── 0.md │ ├── 0000.md │ ├── 0001.md │ ├── 0002.md │ ├── 0101.md │ ├── 0201.md │ ├── 0202.md │ └── 0203.md ├── feed.xml ├── fonts ├── FontAwesome.otf ├── bootstrap │ └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff └── fontawesome-webfont.svg ├── images ├── PRML │ ├── Figure1.1.png │ ├── Figure1.10.png │ ├── Figure1.11a.png │ ├── Figure1.11b.png │ ├── Figure1.11c.png │ ├── Figure1.11d.png │ ├── Figure1.12.png │ ├── Figure1.13.png │ ├── Figure1.14.png │ ├── Figure1.15.png │ ├── Figure1.16.png │ ├── Figure1.17.png │ ├── Figure1.18.png │ ├── Figure1.19.png │ ├── Figure1.2.png │ ├── Figure1.20.png │ ├── Figure1.21a.png │ ├── Figure1.21b.png │ ├── Figure1.21c.png │ ├── Figure1.22.png │ ├── Figure1.23.png │ ├── Figure1.24.png │ ├── Figure1.26.png │ ├── Figure1.27a.png │ ├── Figure1.27b.png │ ├── Figure1.28.png │ ├── Figure1.29a.png │ ├── Figure1.29b.png │ ├── Figure1.29c.png │ ├── Figure1.29d.png │ ├── Figure1.3.png │ ├── Figure1.30a.png │ ├── Figure1.30b.png │ ├── Figure1.31.png │ ├── Figure1.4a.png │ ├── Figure1.4b.png │ ├── Figure1.4c.png │ ├── Figure1.4d.png │ ├── Figure1.5.png │ ├── Figure1.6a.png │ ├── Figure1.6b.png │ ├── Figure1.7a.png │ ├── Figure1.7b.png │ ├── Figure1.8.png │ ├── Figure1.9.png │ ├── Figure10.10a.png │ ├── Figure10.10b.png │ ├── Figure10.11a.png │ ├── Figure10.11b.png │ ├── Figure10.12a.png │ ├── Figure10.12b.png │ ├── Figure10.13a.png │ ├── Figure10.13b.png │ ├── Figure10.14a.png │ ├── Figure10.14b.png │ ├── Figure10.15.png │ ├── Figure10.16a.png │ ├── Figure10.16b.png │ ├── Figure10.17a.png │ ├── Figure10.17b.png │ ├── Figure10.18a.png │ ├── Figure10.18b.png │ ├── Figure10.1a.png │ ├── Figure10.1b.png │ ├── Figure10.2a.png │ ├── Figure10.2b.png │ ├── Figure10.3a.png │ ├── Figure10.3b.png │ ├── Figure10.3c.png │ ├── Figure10.4a.png │ ├── Figure10.4b.png │ ├── Figure10.4c.png │ ├── Figure10.4d.png │ ├── Figure10.5.png │ ├── Figure10.6a.png │ ├── Figure10.6b.png │ ├── Figure10.6c.png │ ├── Figure10.6d.png │ ├── Figure10.7.png │ ├── Figure10.8.png │ ├── Figure10.9.png │ ├── Figure11.1.png │ ├── Figure11.10.png │ ├── Figure11.11.png │ ├── Figure11.12a.png │ ├── Figure11.12b.png │ ├── Figure11.13a.png │ ├── Figure11.13b.png │ ├── Figure11.14a.png │ ├── Figure11.14b.png │ ├── Figure11.15.png │ ├── Figure11.16.png │ ├── Figure11.2.png │ ├── Figure11.3.png │ ├── Figure11.4.png │ ├── Figure11.5.png │ ├── Figure11.6.png │ ├── Figure11.7.png │ ├── Figure11.8.png │ ├── Figure11.9.png │ ├── Figure2.1.png │ ├── Figure2.10.png │ ├── Figure2.11.png │ ├── Figure2.12.png │ ├── Figure2.13a.png │ ├── Figure2.13b.png │ ├── Figure2.13c.png │ ├── Figure2.14.png │ ├── Figure2.15.png │ ├── Figure2.16a.png │ ├── Figure2.16b.png │ ├── Figure2.17.png │ ├── Figure2.18.png │ ├── Figure2.19a.png │ ├── Figure2.19b.png │ ├── Figure2.20a.png │ ├── Figure2.20b.png │ ├── Figure2.21a.png │ ├── Figure2.21b.png │ ├── Figure2.22.png │ ├── Figure2.23a.png │ ├── Figure2.23b.png │ ├── Figure2.23c.png │ ├── Figure2.24.png │ ├── Figure2.25.png │ ├── Figure2.26.png │ ├── Figure2.27a.png │ ├── Figure2.27b.png │ ├── Figure2.28a.png │ ├── Figure2.28b.png │ ├── Figure2.28c.png │ ├── Figure2.2a.png │ ├── Figure2.2b.png │ ├── Figure2.2c.png │ ├── Figure2.2d.png │ ├── Figure2.3a.png │ ├── Figure2.3b.png │ ├── Figure2.3c.png │ ├── Figure2.4.png │ ├── Figure2.5a.png │ ├── Figure2.5b.png │ ├── Figure2.5c.png │ ├── Figure2.6a.png │ ├── Figure2.6b.png │ ├── Figure2.6c.png │ ├── Figure2.7.png │ ├── Figure2.8a.png │ ├── Figure2.8b.png │ ├── Figure2.8c.png │ ├── Figure2.9a.png │ ├── Figure2.9b.png │ ├── Figure3.10.png │ ├── Figure3.11a.png │ ├── Figure3.11b.png │ ├── Figure3.12.png │ ├── Figure3.13.png │ ├── Figure3.14.png │ ├── Figure3.15.png │ ├── Figure3.16a.png │ ├── Figure3.16b.png │ ├── Figure3.17.png │ ├── Figure3.1a.png │ ├── Figure3.1b.png │ ├── Figure3.1c.png │ ├── Figure3.2.png │ ├── Figure3.3.png │ ├── Figure3.4a.png │ ├── Figure3.4b.png │ ├── Figure3.5a.png │ ├── Figure3.5b.png │ ├── Figure3.5c.png │ ├── Figure3.5d.png │ ├── Figure3.5e.png │ ├── Figure3.5f.png │ ├── Figure3.6.png │ ├── Figure3.7.png │ ├── Figure3.8a.png │ ├── Figure3.8b.png │ ├── Figure3.8c.png │ ├── Figure3.8d.png │ ├── Figure3.9a.png │ ├── Figure3.9b.png │ ├── Figure3.9c.png │ ├── Figure3.9d.png │ ├── Figure4.1.png │ ├── Figure4.10a.png │ ├── Figure4.10b.png │ ├── Figure4.11a.png │ ├── Figure4.11b.png │ ├── Figure4.12a.png │ ├── Figure4.12b.png │ ├── Figure4.13.png │ ├── Figure4.14a.png │ ├── Figure4.14b.png │ ├── Figure4.2a.png │ ├── Figure4.2b.png │ ├── Figure4.3.png │ ├── Figure4.4a.png │ ├── Figure4.4b.png │ ├── Figure4.5a.png │ ├── Figure4.5b.png │ ├── Figure4.6a.png │ ├── Figure4.6b.png │ ├── Figure4.7a.png │ ├── Figure4.7b.png │ ├── Figure4.7c.png │ ├── Figure4.7d.png │ ├── Figure4.9.png │ ├── Figure4.t1.png │ ├── Figure5.1.png │ ├── Figure5.10.png │ ├── Figure5.11a.png │ ├── Figure5.11b.png │ ├── Figure5.11c.png │ ├── Figure5.11d.png │ ├── Figure5.12a.png │ ├── Figure5.12b.png │ ├── Figure5.13.png │ ├── Figure5.14.png │ ├── Figure5.15.png │ ├── Figure5.16a.png │ ├── Figure5.16b.png │ ├── Figure5.16c.png │ ├── Figure5.16d.png │ ├── Figure5.17.png │ ├── Figure5.18a.png │ ├── Figure5.18b.png │ ├── Figure5.19a.png │ ├── Figure5.19b.png │ ├── Figure5.2.png │ ├── Figure5.20.png │ ├── Figure5.21a.png │ ├── Figure5.21b.png │ ├── Figure5.21c.png │ ├── Figure5.21d.png │ ├── Figure5.22.png │ ├── Figure5.23a.png │ ├── Figure5.23b.png │ ├── Figure5.3a.png │ ├── Figure5.3b.png │ ├── Figure5.3c.png │ ├── Figure5.3d.png │ ├── Figure5.4.png │ ├── Figure5.5.png │ ├── Figure5.6.png │ ├── Figure5.7.png │ ├── Figure5.8.png │ ├── Figure5.9a.png │ ├── Figure5.9b.png │ ├── Figure5.9c.png │ ├── Figure8.1.png │ ├── Figure8.10.png │ ├── Figure8.11.png │ ├── Figure8.12.png │ ├── Figure8.13.png │ ├── Figure8.14.png │ ├── Figure8.15.png │ ├── Figure8.16.png │ ├── Figure8.17.png │ ├── Figure8.18.png │ ├── Figure8.19.png │ ├── Figure8.2.png │ ├── Figure8.20.png │ ├── Figure8.21a.png │ ├── Figure8.21b.png │ ├── Figure8.21c.png │ ├── Figure8.22a.png │ ├── Figure8.22b.png │ ├── Figure8.23a.png │ ├── Figure8.23b.png │ ├── Figure8.24.png │ ├── Figure8.25.png │ ├── Figure8.26.png │ ├── Figure8.27.png │ ├── Figure8.28.png │ ├── Figure8.29.png │ ├── Figure8.3.png │ ├── Figure8.30a.png │ ├── Figure8.30b.png │ ├── Figure8.30c.png │ ├── Figure8.30d.png │ ├── Figure8.31.png │ ├── Figure8.32a.png │ ├── Figure8.32b.png │ ├── Figure8.33a.png │ ├── Figure8.33b.png │ ├── Figure8.34.png │ ├── Figure8.35.png │ ├── Figure8.36.png │ ├── Figure8.37.png │ ├── Figure8.38.png │ ├── Figure8.39a.png │ ├── Figure8.39b.png │ ├── Figure8.39c.png │ ├── Figure8.4.png │ ├── Figure8.40.png │ ├── Figure8.41a.png │ ├── Figure8.41b.png │ ├── Figure8.41c.png │ ├── Figure8.42a.png │ ├── Figure8.42b.png │ ├── Figure8.42c.png │ ├── Figure8.43a.png │ ├── Figure8.43b.png │ ├── Figure8.43c.png │ ├── Figure8.44a.png │ ├── Figure8.44b.png │ ├── Figure8.45a.png │ ├── Figure8.45b.png │ ├── Figure8.45c.png │ ├── Figure8.46.png │ ├── Figure8.47.png │ ├── Figure8.48.png │ ├── Figure8.49a.png │ ├── Figure8.49b.png │ ├── Figure8.5.png │ ├── Figure8.50.png │ ├── Figure8.51.png │ ├── Figure8.52a.png │ ├── Figure8.52b.png │ ├── Figure8.53.png │ ├── Figure8.54.png │ ├── Figure8.6.png │ ├── Figure8.7.png │ ├── Figure8.8.png │ ├── Figure8.9a.png │ ├── Figure8.9b.png │ ├── Figure9.10a.png │ ├── Figure9.10b.png │ ├── Figure9.10c.png │ ├── Figure9.11.png │ ├── Figure9.12.png │ ├── Figure9.13.png │ ├── Figure9.14.png │ ├── Figure9.1a.png │ ├── Figure9.1b.png │ ├── Figure9.1c.png │ ├── Figure9.1d.png │ ├── Figure9.1e.png │ ├── Figure9.1f.png │ ├── Figure9.1g.png │ ├── Figure9.1h.png │ ├── Figure9.1i.png │ ├── Figure9.2.png │ ├── Figure9.3a.png │ ├── Figure9.3b.png │ ├── Figure9.3c.png │ ├── Figure9.3d.png │ ├── Figure9.3e.png │ ├── Figure9.3f.png │ ├── Figure9.3g.png │ ├── Figure9.3h.png │ ├── Figure9.4.png │ ├── Figure9.5a.png │ ├── Figure9.5b.png │ ├── Figure9.5c.png │ ├── Figure9.6.png │ ├── Figure9.7.png │ ├── Figure9.8a.png │ ├── Figure9.8b.png │ ├── Figure9.8c.png │ ├── Figure9.8d.png │ ├── Figure9.8e.png │ ├── Figure9.8f.png │ └── Figure9.9.png ├── docs │ └── bc │ │ └── causal-model.png ├── posts │ ├── ABC_normal.png │ ├── bayes-npb.png │ ├── bin.png │ ├── cluster-dp.png │ ├── density-npb.png │ ├── dice-npb.png │ ├── lfd-npb.png │ ├── medical-npb.png │ ├── meta_priors.png │ ├── models-npb.png │ ├── partition-dp.png │ ├── process-npb.png │ ├── regression-npb.png │ ├── scnas-npb.png │ ├── uncertainty-npb.png │ ├── wald_python_traceplot.png │ └── wald_r_traceplot.png └── previous │ ├── agm_Figure020102.png │ ├── agm_Figure020201.gif │ ├── agm_Figure020202.png │ ├── agm_Figure020401.png │ ├── aos2_Figure010301.png │ ├── aos2_Figure020101.png │ ├── aos_Figure2.1.jpeg │ ├── aos_Figure2.2.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure010101.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure010102.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure010201.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure020101.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure020102.png │ ├── mpsl_Figure020103.png │ ├── mpt_Figure1.1.png │ └── mpt_Figure1.2.png ├── index.html ├── js └── jquery-1.12.0.min.js ├── jspark.png ├── logo.key ├── logo.png ├── params.json ├── proof └── aos2 │ ├── 010301.lyx │ ├── 010301.pdf │ ├── 020101.lyx │ └── 020101.pdf ├── run_local_jekyell.sh ├── sample.md ├── sblim.jpg └── stylesheets ├── github-light.css ├── normalize.css └── stylesheet.css /.DS_Store: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/.DS_Store -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .Rproj.user 2 | .Rhistory 3 | .RData 4 | .Ruserdata 5 | code/.idea/code.iml 6 | code/.idea/misc.xml 7 | code/.idea/modules.xml 8 | code/.idea/workspace.xml 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## Link 2 | 3 | - [http://bayestour.github.io/blog](http://bayestour.github.io/blog) 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_config.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Site settings 2 | title: Bayesian tour 3 | 4 | email: "sunnybenlim@gmail.com" 5 | url: "https://bayestour.github.io/blog/" 6 | github_url: "http://github.com/bayestour/blog" 7 | github_editurl: "/blob/gh-pages" 8 | github_profile: "http://github.com/bayestour" 9 | baseurl: "/blog" 10 | 11 | exclude: 12 | - README.md 13 | - _site 14 | 15 | highlighter: rouge 16 | markdown: kramdown 17 | plugins: 18 | - jemoji 19 | - jekyll-paginate 20 | 21 | kramdown: 22 | input: GFM 23 | syntax_highlighter: rouge 24 | 25 | paginate: 4 26 | paginate_path: /page:num 27 | 28 | 29 | analytics: 30 | provider: "google" 31 | google: 32 | tracking_id: "UA-142844151-1" 33 | anonymize_ip: false # default 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_data/topnav.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | topnav: 2 | - title: Contents 3 | items: 4 | - title: Causal Inference & Learning 5 | group: "Causal Inference & Learning" 6 | url: /docs/bc/0 7 | items: 8 | - title: Bayesian Statistics 9 | group: "Bayesian Statistics" 10 | url: /2019/06/28/logtransformation.html 11 | # - title: 1. Applied Bayesian Statistics 12 | # items: 13 | # - title: 1. 14 | # group: "" 15 | # url: /docs/abs/0101 16 | # - title: 2. 17 | # group: "" 18 | # url: /docs/abs/0201 19 | # - title: 2. Advanced Statistical Learning 20 | # items: 21 | # - title: 1. Mixture Models 22 | # group: "Mixture Models" 23 | # url: /docs/asl/0101 24 | # - title: 2. Variational Methods 25 | # group: "Variational Methods" 26 | # url: /docs/asl/0201 27 | # - title: 3. Causal Inference & Learning 28 | # items: 29 | # - title: 1. Causal Modeling 30 | # group: "Causal Modeling" 31 | # url: /docs/cml/0101 32 | # - title: 4. General Research Method 33 | # items: 34 | # - title: 1. 35 | # group: "" 36 | # url: /docs/grm/0101 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_includes/config.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | {% assign topnav = site.data.topnav.topnav %} 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_includes/footer.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_includes/head.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | {% if page.title %}{{ page.title }}{% else %}{{ site.title }}{% endif %} 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 25 | 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/default.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | {% include head.html %} 4 | 5 | {% include topnav.html %} 6 |
7 | {{ content }} 8 |
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10 | {% include footer.html %} 11 |
12 | 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/member.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page 3 | --- 4 |
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6 | {% include config.html %} 7 | {% if site.avatar_url %} 8 | {% for member in members %} 9 |
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11 | 12 | 13 | {{ member.name }} 14 | 15 |
16 | {% if site.github_url %} 17 | 18 | 24 | {% else %} 25 |

{{ member.name }}

26 | {% endif %} 27 | 28 | 29 |
30 | {% endfor %} 31 | {% endif %} 32 | 33 |
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36 | {{ content }} 37 |
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39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/page-sidenav.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: default 3 | comments: true 4 | --- 5 |
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8 | 17 |
18 |
19 | {% if site.github_url %} 20 | 25 | {% endif %} 26 | 27 |
28 |

{{ page.title }}

29 |
30 |
31 |
32 | {{ content }} 33 |
34 |
35 |
36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/page.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: default 3 | comments: true 4 | --- 5 |
6 | {% if site.github_url %} 7 | 12 | {% endif %} 13 |
14 |

{{ page.title }}

15 |
16 |
17 |
18 | {{ content }} 19 |
20 |
21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/post-sidenav.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: default 3 | comments: true 4 | --- 5 |
6 |
7 |

{{ page.group }}

8 | 17 |
18 |
19 | {% if site.github_url %} 20 | 25 | {% endif %} 26 | 27 |
28 |

{{ page.title }}

29 |

30 |
31 |
32 |
33 | {{ content }} 34 |
35 |
36 |
37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/post.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: postset 3 | comments: true 4 | --- 5 |
6 |
7 |

{{ page.title }}

8 |

9 |
10 |
11 | 12 |
13 | {{ content }} 14 |
15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_layouts/postset.html: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | 3 | {% include head.html %} 4 | 5 | {% include topnav.html %} 6 |
7 | {{ content }} 8 |
9 |
10 | {% include footer.html %} 11 |
12 | 13 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/_bootstrap.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | /*! 2 | * Bootstrap v3.3.6 (http://getbootstrap.com) 3 | * Copyright 2011-2015 Twitter, Inc. 4 | * Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE) 5 | */ 6 | 7 | // Core variables and mixins 8 | @import "bootstrap/variables"; 9 | @import "bootstrap/mixins"; 10 | 11 | // Reset and dependencies 12 | @import "bootstrap/normalize"; 13 | @import "bootstrap/print"; 14 | @import "bootstrap/glyphicons"; 15 | 16 | // Core CSS 17 | @import "bootstrap/scaffolding"; 18 | @import "bootstrap/type"; 19 | @import "bootstrap/code"; 20 | @import "bootstrap/grid"; 21 | @import "bootstrap/tables"; 22 | @import "bootstrap/forms"; 23 | @import "bootstrap/buttons"; 24 | 25 | // Components 26 | @import "bootstrap/component-animations"; 27 | @import "bootstrap/dropdowns"; 28 | @import "bootstrap/button-groups"; 29 | @import "bootstrap/input-groups"; 30 | @import "bootstrap/navs"; 31 | @import "bootstrap/navbar"; 32 | @import "bootstrap/breadcrumbs"; 33 | @import "bootstrap/pagination"; 34 | @import "bootstrap/pager"; 35 | @import "bootstrap/labels"; 36 | @import "bootstrap/badges"; 37 | @import "bootstrap/jumbotron"; 38 | @import "bootstrap/thumbnails"; 39 | @import "bootstrap/alerts"; 40 | @import "bootstrap/progress-bars"; 41 | @import "bootstrap/media"; 42 | @import "bootstrap/list-group"; 43 | @import "bootstrap/panels"; 44 | @import "bootstrap/responsive-embed"; 45 | @import "bootstrap/wells"; 46 | @import "bootstrap/close"; 47 | 48 | // Components w/ JavaScript 49 | @import "bootstrap/modals"; 50 | @import "bootstrap/tooltip"; 51 | @import "bootstrap/popovers"; 52 | @import "bootstrap/carousel"; 53 | 54 | // Utility classes 55 | @import "bootstrap/utilities"; 56 | @import "bootstrap/responsive-utilities"; 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_badges.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Badges 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Base class 7 | .badge { 8 | display: inline-block; 9 | min-width: 10px; 10 | padding: 3px 7px; 11 | font-size: $font-size-small; 12 | font-weight: $badge-font-weight; 13 | color: $badge-color; 14 | line-height: $badge-line-height; 15 | vertical-align: middle; 16 | white-space: nowrap; 17 | text-align: center; 18 | background-color: $badge-bg; 19 | border-radius: $badge-border-radius; 20 | 21 | // Empty badges collapse automatically (not available in IE8) 22 | &:empty { 23 | display: none; 24 | } 25 | 26 | // Quick fix for badges in buttons 27 | .btn & { 28 | position: relative; 29 | top: -1px; 30 | } 31 | 32 | .btn-xs &, 33 | .btn-group-xs > .btn & { 34 | top: 0; 35 | padding: 1px 5px; 36 | } 37 | 38 | // [converter] extracted a& to a.badge 39 | 40 | // Account for badges in navs 41 | .list-group-item.active > &, 42 | .nav-pills > .active > a > & { 43 | color: $badge-active-color; 44 | background-color: $badge-active-bg; 45 | } 46 | 47 | .list-group-item > & { 48 | float: right; 49 | } 50 | 51 | .list-group-item > & + & { 52 | margin-right: 5px; 53 | } 54 | 55 | .nav-pills > li > a > & { 56 | margin-left: 3px; 57 | } 58 | } 59 | 60 | // Hover state, but only for links 61 | a.badge { 62 | &:hover, 63 | &:focus { 64 | color: $badge-link-hover-color; 65 | text-decoration: none; 66 | cursor: pointer; 67 | } 68 | } 69 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_breadcrumbs.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Breadcrumbs 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | .breadcrumb { 7 | padding: $breadcrumb-padding-vertical $breadcrumb-padding-horizontal; 8 | margin-bottom: $line-height-computed; 9 | list-style: none; 10 | background-color: $breadcrumb-bg; 11 | border-radius: $border-radius-base; 12 | 13 | > li { 14 | display: inline-block; 15 | 16 | + li:before { 17 | // [converter] Workaround for https://github.com/sass/libsass/issues/1115 18 | $nbsp: "\00a0"; 19 | content: "#{$breadcrumb-separator}#{$nbsp}"; // Unicode space added since inline-block means non-collapsing white-space 20 | padding: 0 5px; 21 | color: $breadcrumb-color; 22 | } 23 | } 24 | 25 | > .active { 26 | color: $breadcrumb-active-color; 27 | } 28 | } 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_close.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Close icons 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | .close { 7 | float: right; 8 | font-size: ($font-size-base * 1.5); 9 | font-weight: $close-font-weight; 10 | line-height: 1; 11 | color: $close-color; 12 | text-shadow: $close-text-shadow; 13 | @include opacity(.2); 14 | 15 | &:hover, 16 | &:focus { 17 | color: $close-color; 18 | text-decoration: none; 19 | cursor: pointer; 20 | @include opacity(.5); 21 | } 22 | 23 | // [converter] extracted button& to button.close 24 | } 25 | 26 | // Additional properties for button version 27 | // iOS requires the button element instead of an anchor tag. 28 | // If you want the anchor version, it requires `href="#"`. 29 | // See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Events/click#Safari_Mobile 30 | button.close { 31 | padding: 0; 32 | cursor: pointer; 33 | background: transparent; 34 | border: 0; 35 | -webkit-appearance: none; 36 | } 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_code.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Code (inline and block) 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Inline and block code styles 7 | code, 8 | kbd, 9 | pre, 10 | samp { 11 | font-family: $font-family-monospace; 12 | } 13 | 14 | // Inline code 15 | code { 16 | padding: 2px 4px; 17 | font-size: 90%; 18 | color: $code-color; 19 | background-color: $code-bg; 20 | border-radius: $border-radius-base; 21 | } 22 | 23 | // User input typically entered via keyboard 24 | kbd { 25 | padding: 2px 4px; 26 | font-size: 90%; 27 | color: $kbd-color; 28 | background-color: $kbd-bg; 29 | border-radius: $border-radius-small; 30 | box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25); 31 | 32 | kbd { 33 | padding: 0; 34 | font-size: 100%; 35 | font-weight: bold; 36 | box-shadow: none; 37 | } 38 | } 39 | 40 | // Blocks of code 41 | pre { 42 | display: block; 43 | padding: (($line-height-computed - 1) / 2); 44 | margin: 0 0 ($line-height-computed / 2); 45 | font-size: ($font-size-base - 1); // 14px to 13px 46 | line-height: $line-height-base; 47 | word-break: break-all; 48 | word-wrap: break-word; 49 | color: $pre-color; 50 | background-color: $pre-bg; 51 | border: 1px solid $pre-border-color; 52 | border-radius: $border-radius-base; 53 | 54 | // Account for some code outputs that place code tags in pre tags 55 | code { 56 | padding: 0; 57 | font-size: inherit; 58 | color: inherit; 59 | white-space: pre-wrap; 60 | background-color: transparent; 61 | border-radius: 0; 62 | } 63 | } 64 | 65 | // Enable scrollable blocks of code 66 | .pre-scrollable { 67 | max-height: $pre-scrollable-max-height; 68 | overflow-y: scroll; 69 | } 70 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_component-animations.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Component animations 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | // Heads up! 6 | // 7 | // We don't use the `.opacity()` mixin here since it causes a bug with text 8 | // fields in IE7-8. Source: https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/pull/3552. 9 | 10 | .fade { 11 | opacity: 0; 12 | @include transition(opacity .15s linear); 13 | &.in { 14 | opacity: 1; 15 | } 16 | } 17 | 18 | .collapse { 19 | display: none; 20 | 21 | &.in { display: block; } 22 | // [converter] extracted tr&.in to tr.collapse.in 23 | // [converter] extracted tbody&.in to tbody.collapse.in 24 | } 25 | 26 | tr.collapse.in { display: table-row; } 27 | 28 | tbody.collapse.in { display: table-row-group; } 29 | 30 | .collapsing { 31 | position: relative; 32 | height: 0; 33 | overflow: hidden; 34 | @include transition-property(height, visibility); 35 | @include transition-duration(.35s); 36 | @include transition-timing-function(ease); 37 | } 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_grid.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Grid system 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Container widths 7 | // 8 | // Set the container width, and override it for fixed navbars in media queries. 9 | 10 | .container { 11 | @include container-fixed; 12 | 13 | @media (min-width: $screen-sm-min) { 14 | width: $container-sm; 15 | } 16 | @media (min-width: $screen-md-min) { 17 | width: $container-md; 18 | } 19 | @media (min-width: $screen-lg-min) { 20 | width: $container-lg; 21 | } 22 | } 23 | 24 | 25 | // Fluid container 26 | // 27 | // Utilizes the mixin meant for fixed width containers, but without any defined 28 | // width for fluid, full width layouts. 29 | 30 | .container-fluid { 31 | @include container-fixed; 32 | } 33 | 34 | 35 | // Row 36 | // 37 | // Rows contain and clear the floats of your columns. 38 | 39 | .row { 40 | @include make-row; 41 | } 42 | 43 | 44 | // Columns 45 | // 46 | // Common styles for small and large grid columns 47 | 48 | @include make-grid-columns; 49 | 50 | 51 | // Extra small grid 52 | // 53 | // Columns, offsets, pushes, and pulls for extra small devices like 54 | // smartphones. 55 | 56 | @include make-grid(xs); 57 | 58 | 59 | // Small grid 60 | // 61 | // Columns, offsets, pushes, and pulls for the small device range, from phones 62 | // to tablets. 63 | 64 | @media (min-width: $screen-sm-min) { 65 | @include make-grid(sm); 66 | } 67 | 68 | 69 | // Medium grid 70 | // 71 | // Columns, offsets, pushes, and pulls for the desktop device range. 72 | 73 | @media (min-width: $screen-md-min) { 74 | @include make-grid(md); 75 | } 76 | 77 | 78 | // Large grid 79 | // 80 | // Columns, offsets, pushes, and pulls for the large desktop device range. 81 | 82 | @media (min-width: $screen-lg-min) { 83 | @include make-grid(lg); 84 | } 85 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_jumbotron.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Jumbotron 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | .jumbotron { 7 | padding-top: $jumbotron-padding; 8 | padding-bottom: $jumbotron-padding; 9 | margin-bottom: $jumbotron-padding; 10 | color: $jumbotron-color; 11 | background-color: $jumbotron-bg; 12 | 13 | h1, 14 | .h1 { 15 | color: $jumbotron-heading-color; 16 | } 17 | 18 | p { 19 | margin-bottom: ($jumbotron-padding / 2); 20 | font-size: $jumbotron-font-size; 21 | font-weight: 200; 22 | } 23 | 24 | > hr { 25 | border-top-color: darken($jumbotron-bg, 10%); 26 | } 27 | 28 | .container &, 29 | .container-fluid & { 30 | border-radius: $border-radius-large; // Only round corners at higher resolutions if contained in a container 31 | padding-left: ($grid-gutter-width / 2); 32 | padding-right: ($grid-gutter-width / 2); 33 | } 34 | 35 | .container { 36 | max-width: 100%; 37 | } 38 | 39 | @media screen and (min-width: $screen-sm-min) { 40 | padding-top: ($jumbotron-padding * 1.6); 41 | padding-bottom: ($jumbotron-padding * 1.6); 42 | 43 | .container &, 44 | .container-fluid & { 45 | padding-left: ($jumbotron-padding * 2); 46 | padding-right: ($jumbotron-padding * 2); 47 | } 48 | 49 | h1, 50 | .h1 { 51 | font-size: $jumbotron-heading-font-size; 52 | } 53 | } 54 | } 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_labels.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Labels 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | .label { 6 | display: inline; 7 | padding: .2em .6em .3em; 8 | font-size: 75%; 9 | font-weight: bold; 10 | line-height: 1; 11 | color: $label-color; 12 | text-align: center; 13 | white-space: nowrap; 14 | vertical-align: baseline; 15 | border-radius: .25em; 16 | 17 | // [converter] extracted a& to a.label 18 | 19 | // Empty labels collapse automatically (not available in IE8) 20 | &:empty { 21 | display: none; 22 | } 23 | 24 | // Quick fix for labels in buttons 25 | .btn & { 26 | position: relative; 27 | top: -1px; 28 | } 29 | } 30 | 31 | // Add hover effects, but only for links 32 | a.label { 33 | &:hover, 34 | &:focus { 35 | color: $label-link-hover-color; 36 | text-decoration: none; 37 | cursor: pointer; 38 | } 39 | } 40 | 41 | // Colors 42 | // Contextual variations (linked labels get darker on :hover) 43 | 44 | .label-default { 45 | @include label-variant($label-default-bg); 46 | } 47 | 48 | .label-primary { 49 | @include label-variant($label-primary-bg); 50 | } 51 | 52 | .label-success { 53 | @include label-variant($label-success-bg); 54 | } 55 | 56 | .label-info { 57 | @include label-variant($label-info-bg); 58 | } 59 | 60 | .label-warning { 61 | @include label-variant($label-warning-bg); 62 | } 63 | 64 | .label-danger { 65 | @include label-variant($label-danger-bg); 66 | } 67 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_media.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .media { 2 | // Proper spacing between instances of .media 3 | margin-top: 15px; 4 | 5 | &:first-child { 6 | margin-top: 0; 7 | } 8 | } 9 | 10 | .media, 11 | .media-body { 12 | zoom: 1; 13 | overflow: hidden; 14 | } 15 | 16 | .media-body { 17 | width: 10000px; 18 | } 19 | 20 | .media-object { 21 | display: block; 22 | 23 | // Fix collapse in webkit from max-width: 100% and display: table-cell. 24 | &.img-thumbnail { 25 | max-width: none; 26 | } 27 | } 28 | 29 | .media-right, 30 | .media > .pull-right { 31 | padding-left: 10px; 32 | } 33 | 34 | .media-left, 35 | .media > .pull-left { 36 | padding-right: 10px; 37 | } 38 | 39 | .media-left, 40 | .media-right, 41 | .media-body { 42 | display: table-cell; 43 | vertical-align: top; 44 | } 45 | 46 | .media-middle { 47 | vertical-align: middle; 48 | } 49 | 50 | .media-bottom { 51 | vertical-align: bottom; 52 | } 53 | 54 | // Reset margins on headings for tighter default spacing 55 | .media-heading { 56 | margin-top: 0; 57 | margin-bottom: 5px; 58 | } 59 | 60 | // Media list variation 61 | // 62 | // Undo default ul/ol styles 63 | .media-list { 64 | padding-left: 0; 65 | list-style: none; 66 | } 67 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_mixins.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Mixins 2 | // -------------------------------------------------- 3 | 4 | // Utilities 5 | @import "mixins/hide-text"; 6 | @import "mixins/opacity"; 7 | @import "mixins/image"; 8 | @import "mixins/labels"; 9 | @import "mixins/reset-filter"; 10 | @import "mixins/resize"; 11 | @import "mixins/responsive-visibility"; 12 | @import "mixins/size"; 13 | @import "mixins/tab-focus"; 14 | @import "mixins/reset-text"; 15 | @import "mixins/text-emphasis"; 16 | @import "mixins/text-overflow"; 17 | @import "mixins/vendor-prefixes"; 18 | 19 | // Components 20 | @import "mixins/alerts"; 21 | @import "mixins/buttons"; 22 | @import "mixins/panels"; 23 | @import "mixins/pagination"; 24 | @import "mixins/list-group"; 25 | @import "mixins/nav-divider"; 26 | @import "mixins/forms"; 27 | @import "mixins/progress-bar"; 28 | @import "mixins/table-row"; 29 | 30 | // Skins 31 | @import "mixins/background-variant"; 32 | @import "mixins/border-radius"; 33 | @import "mixins/gradients"; 34 | 35 | // Layout 36 | @import "mixins/clearfix"; 37 | @import "mixins/center-block"; 38 | @import "mixins/nav-vertical-align"; 39 | @import "mixins/grid-framework"; 40 | @import "mixins/grid"; 41 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_pager.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Pager pagination 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | .pager { 7 | padding-left: 0; 8 | margin: $line-height-computed 0; 9 | list-style: none; 10 | text-align: center; 11 | @include clearfix; 12 | li { 13 | display: inline; 14 | > a, 15 | > span { 16 | display: inline-block; 17 | padding: 5px 14px; 18 | background-color: $pager-bg; 19 | border: 1px solid $pager-border; 20 | border-radius: $pager-border-radius; 21 | } 22 | 23 | > a:hover, 24 | > a:focus { 25 | text-decoration: none; 26 | background-color: $pager-hover-bg; 27 | } 28 | } 29 | 30 | .next { 31 | > a, 32 | > span { 33 | float: right; 34 | } 35 | } 36 | 37 | .previous { 38 | > a, 39 | > span { 40 | float: left; 41 | } 42 | } 43 | 44 | .disabled { 45 | > a, 46 | > a:hover, 47 | > a:focus, 48 | > span { 49 | color: $pager-disabled-color; 50 | background-color: $pager-bg; 51 | cursor: $cursor-disabled; 52 | } 53 | } 54 | } 55 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_responsive-embed.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Embeds responsive 2 | // 3 | // Credit: Nicolas Gallagher and SUIT CSS. 4 | 5 | .embed-responsive { 6 | position: relative; 7 | display: block; 8 | height: 0; 9 | padding: 0; 10 | overflow: hidden; 11 | 12 | .embed-responsive-item, 13 | iframe, 14 | embed, 15 | object, 16 | video { 17 | position: absolute; 18 | top: 0; 19 | left: 0; 20 | bottom: 0; 21 | height: 100%; 22 | width: 100%; 23 | border: 0; 24 | } 25 | } 26 | 27 | // Modifier class for 16:9 aspect ratio 28 | .embed-responsive-16by9 { 29 | padding-bottom: 56.25%; 30 | } 31 | 32 | // Modifier class for 4:3 aspect ratio 33 | .embed-responsive-4by3 { 34 | padding-bottom: 75%; 35 | } 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_thumbnails.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Thumbnails 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Mixin and adjust the regular image class 7 | .thumbnail { 8 | display: block; 9 | padding: $thumbnail-padding; 10 | margin-bottom: $line-height-computed; 11 | line-height: $line-height-base; 12 | background-color: $thumbnail-bg; 13 | border: 1px solid $thumbnail-border; 14 | border-radius: $thumbnail-border-radius; 15 | @include transition(border .2s ease-in-out); 16 | 17 | > img, 18 | a > img { 19 | @include img-responsive; 20 | margin-left: auto; 21 | margin-right: auto; 22 | } 23 | 24 | // [converter] extracted a&:hover, a&:focus, a&.active to a.thumbnail:hover, a.thumbnail:focus, a.thumbnail.active 25 | 26 | // Image captions 27 | .caption { 28 | padding: $thumbnail-caption-padding; 29 | color: $thumbnail-caption-color; 30 | } 31 | } 32 | 33 | // Add a hover state for linked versions only 34 | a.thumbnail:hover, 35 | a.thumbnail:focus, 36 | a.thumbnail.active { 37 | border-color: $link-color; 38 | } 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_utilities.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Utility classes 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Floats 7 | // ------------------------- 8 | 9 | .clearfix { 10 | @include clearfix; 11 | } 12 | .center-block { 13 | @include center-block; 14 | } 15 | .pull-right { 16 | float: right !important; 17 | } 18 | .pull-left { 19 | float: left !important; 20 | } 21 | 22 | 23 | // Toggling content 24 | // ------------------------- 25 | 26 | // Note: Deprecated .hide in favor of .hidden or .sr-only (as appropriate) in v3.0.1 27 | .hide { 28 | display: none !important; 29 | } 30 | .show { 31 | display: block !important; 32 | } 33 | .invisible { 34 | visibility: hidden; 35 | } 36 | .text-hide { 37 | @include text-hide; 38 | } 39 | 40 | 41 | // Hide from screenreaders and browsers 42 | // 43 | // Credit: HTML5 Boilerplate 44 | 45 | .hidden { 46 | display: none !important; 47 | } 48 | 49 | 50 | // For Affix plugin 51 | // ------------------------- 52 | 53 | .affix { 54 | position: fixed; 55 | } 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/_wells.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // 2 | // Wells 3 | // -------------------------------------------------- 4 | 5 | 6 | // Base class 7 | .well { 8 | min-height: 20px; 9 | padding: 19px; 10 | margin-bottom: 20px; 11 | background-color: $well-bg; 12 | border: 1px solid $well-border; 13 | border-radius: $border-radius-base; 14 | @include box-shadow(inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.05)); 15 | blockquote { 16 | border-color: #ddd; 17 | border-color: rgba(0,0,0,.15); 18 | } 19 | } 20 | 21 | // Sizes 22 | .well-lg { 23 | padding: 24px; 24 | border-radius: $border-radius-large; 25 | } 26 | .well-sm { 27 | padding: 9px; 28 | border-radius: $border-radius-small; 29 | } 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_alerts.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Alerts 2 | 3 | @mixin alert-variant($background, $border, $text-color) { 4 | background-color: $background; 5 | border-color: $border; 6 | color: $text-color; 7 | 8 | hr { 9 | border-top-color: darken($border, 5%); 10 | } 11 | .alert-link { 12 | color: darken($text-color, 10%); 13 | } 14 | } 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_background-variant.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Contextual backgrounds 2 | 3 | // [converter] $parent hack 4 | @mixin bg-variant($parent, $color) { 5 | #{$parent} { 6 | background-color: $color; 7 | } 8 | a#{$parent}:hover, 9 | a#{$parent}:focus { 10 | background-color: darken($color, 10%); 11 | } 12 | } 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_border-radius.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Single side border-radius 2 | 3 | @mixin border-top-radius($radius) { 4 | border-top-right-radius: $radius; 5 | border-top-left-radius: $radius; 6 | } 7 | @mixin border-right-radius($radius) { 8 | border-bottom-right-radius: $radius; 9 | border-top-right-radius: $radius; 10 | } 11 | @mixin border-bottom-radius($radius) { 12 | border-bottom-right-radius: $radius; 13 | border-bottom-left-radius: $radius; 14 | } 15 | @mixin border-left-radius($radius) { 16 | border-bottom-left-radius: $radius; 17 | border-top-left-radius: $radius; 18 | } 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_buttons.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Button variants 2 | // 3 | // Easily pump out default styles, as well as :hover, :focus, :active, 4 | // and disabled options for all buttons 5 | 6 | @mixin button-variant($color, $background, $border) { 7 | color: $color; 8 | background-color: $background; 9 | border-color: $border; 10 | 11 | &:focus, 12 | &.focus { 13 | color: $color; 14 | background-color: darken($background, 10%); 15 | border-color: darken($border, 25%); 16 | } 17 | &:hover { 18 | color: $color; 19 | background-color: darken($background, 10%); 20 | border-color: darken($border, 12%); 21 | } 22 | &:active, 23 | &.active, 24 | .open > &.dropdown-toggle { 25 | color: $color; 26 | background-color: darken($background, 10%); 27 | border-color: darken($border, 12%); 28 | 29 | &:hover, 30 | &:focus, 31 | &.focus { 32 | color: $color; 33 | background-color: darken($background, 17%); 34 | border-color: darken($border, 25%); 35 | } 36 | } 37 | &:active, 38 | &.active, 39 | .open > &.dropdown-toggle { 40 | background-image: none; 41 | } 42 | &.disabled, 43 | &[disabled], 44 | fieldset[disabled] & { 45 | &:hover, 46 | &:focus, 47 | &.focus { 48 | background-color: $background; 49 | border-color: $border; 50 | } 51 | } 52 | 53 | .badge { 54 | color: $background; 55 | background-color: $color; 56 | } 57 | } 58 | 59 | // Button sizes 60 | @mixin button-size($padding-vertical, $padding-horizontal, $font-size, $line-height, $border-radius) { 61 | padding: $padding-vertical $padding-horizontal; 62 | font-size: $font-size; 63 | line-height: $line-height; 64 | border-radius: $border-radius; 65 | } 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_center-block.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Center-align a block level element 2 | 3 | @mixin center-block() { 4 | display: block; 5 | margin-left: auto; 6 | margin-right: auto; 7 | } 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_clearfix.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Clearfix 2 | // 3 | // For modern browsers 4 | // 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the 5 | // contenteditable attribute is included anywhere else in the document. 6 | // Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements 7 | // that are clearfixed. 8 | // 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using 9 | // `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements. 10 | // 11 | // Source: http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/ 12 | 13 | @mixin clearfix() { 14 | &:before, 15 | &:after { 16 | content: " "; // 1 17 | display: table; // 2 18 | } 19 | &:after { 20 | clear: both; 21 | } 22 | } 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_hide-text.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // CSS image replacement 2 | // 3 | // Heads up! v3 launched with only `.hide-text()`, but per our pattern for 4 | // mixins being reused as classes with the same name, this doesn't hold up. As 5 | // of v3.0.1 we have added `.text-hide()` and deprecated `.hide-text()`. 6 | // 7 | // Source: https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/commit/aa0396eae757 8 | 9 | // Deprecated as of v3.0.1 (has been removed in v4) 10 | @mixin hide-text() { 11 | font: 0/0 a; 12 | color: transparent; 13 | text-shadow: none; 14 | background-color: transparent; 15 | border: 0; 16 | } 17 | 18 | // New mixin to use as of v3.0.1 19 | @mixin text-hide() { 20 | @include hide-text; 21 | } 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_image.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Image Mixins 2 | // - Responsive image 3 | // - Retina image 4 | 5 | 6 | // Responsive image 7 | // 8 | // Keep images from scaling beyond the width of their parents. 9 | @mixin img-responsive($display: block) { 10 | display: $display; 11 | max-width: 100%; // Part 1: Set a maximum relative to the parent 12 | height: auto; // Part 2: Scale the height according to the width, otherwise you get stretching 13 | } 14 | 15 | 16 | // Retina image 17 | // 18 | // Short retina mixin for setting background-image and -size. Note that the 19 | // spelling of `min--moz-device-pixel-ratio` is intentional. 20 | @mixin img-retina($file-1x, $file-2x, $width-1x, $height-1x) { 21 | background-image: url(if($bootstrap-sass-asset-helper, twbs-image-path("#{$file-1x}"), "#{$file-1x}")); 22 | 23 | @media 24 | only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), 25 | only screen and ( min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 2), 26 | only screen and ( -o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1), 27 | only screen and ( min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), 28 | only screen and ( min-resolution: 192dpi), 29 | only screen and ( min-resolution: 2dppx) { 30 | background-image: url(if($bootstrap-sass-asset-helper, twbs-image-path("#{$file-2x}"), "#{$file-2x}")); 31 | background-size: $width-1x $height-1x; 32 | } 33 | } 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_labels.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Labels 2 | 3 | @mixin label-variant($color) { 4 | background-color: $color; 5 | 6 | &[href] { 7 | &:hover, 8 | &:focus { 9 | background-color: darken($color, 10%); 10 | } 11 | } 12 | } 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_list-group.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // List Groups 2 | 3 | @mixin list-group-item-variant($state, $background, $color) { 4 | .list-group-item-#{$state} { 5 | color: $color; 6 | background-color: $background; 7 | 8 | // [converter] extracted a&, button& to a.list-group-item-#{$state}, button.list-group-item-#{$state} 9 | } 10 | 11 | a.list-group-item-#{$state}, 12 | button.list-group-item-#{$state} { 13 | color: $color; 14 | 15 | .list-group-item-heading { 16 | color: inherit; 17 | } 18 | 19 | &:hover, 20 | &:focus { 21 | color: $color; 22 | background-color: darken($background, 5%); 23 | } 24 | &.active, 25 | &.active:hover, 26 | &.active:focus { 27 | color: #fff; 28 | background-color: $color; 29 | border-color: $color; 30 | } 31 | } 32 | } 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_nav-divider.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Horizontal dividers 2 | // 3 | // Dividers (basically an hr) within dropdowns and nav lists 4 | 5 | @mixin nav-divider($color: #e5e5e5) { 6 | height: 1px; 7 | margin: (($line-height-computed / 2) - 1) 0; 8 | overflow: hidden; 9 | background-color: $color; 10 | } 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_nav-vertical-align.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Navbar vertical align 2 | // 3 | // Vertically center elements in the navbar. 4 | // Example: an element has a height of 30px, so write out `.navbar-vertical-align(30px);` to calculate the appropriate top margin. 5 | 6 | @mixin navbar-vertical-align($element-height) { 7 | margin-top: (($navbar-height - $element-height) / 2); 8 | margin-bottom: (($navbar-height - $element-height) / 2); 9 | } 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_opacity.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Opacity 2 | 3 | @mixin opacity($opacity) { 4 | opacity: $opacity; 5 | // IE8 filter 6 | $opacity-ie: ($opacity * 100); 7 | filter: alpha(opacity=$opacity-ie); 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_pagination.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Pagination 2 | 3 | @mixin pagination-size($padding-vertical, $padding-horizontal, $font-size, $line-height, $border-radius) { 4 | > li { 5 | > a, 6 | > span { 7 | padding: $padding-vertical $padding-horizontal; 8 | font-size: $font-size; 9 | line-height: $line-height; 10 | } 11 | &:first-child { 12 | > a, 13 | > span { 14 | @include border-left-radius($border-radius); 15 | } 16 | } 17 | &:last-child { 18 | > a, 19 | > span { 20 | @include border-right-radius($border-radius); 21 | } 22 | } 23 | } 24 | } 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_panels.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Panels 2 | 3 | @mixin panel-variant($border, $heading-text-color, $heading-bg-color, $heading-border) { 4 | border-color: $border; 5 | 6 | & > .panel-heading { 7 | color: $heading-text-color; 8 | background-color: $heading-bg-color; 9 | border-color: $heading-border; 10 | 11 | + .panel-collapse > .panel-body { 12 | border-top-color: $border; 13 | } 14 | .badge { 15 | color: $heading-bg-color; 16 | background-color: $heading-text-color; 17 | } 18 | } 19 | & > .panel-footer { 20 | + .panel-collapse > .panel-body { 21 | border-bottom-color: $border; 22 | } 23 | } 24 | } 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_progress-bar.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Progress bars 2 | 3 | @mixin progress-bar-variant($color) { 4 | background-color: $color; 5 | 6 | // Deprecated parent class requirement as of v3.2.0 7 | .progress-striped & { 8 | @include gradient-striped; 9 | } 10 | } 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_reset-filter.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Reset filters for IE 2 | // 3 | // When you need to remove a gradient background, do not forget to use this to reset 4 | // the IE filter for IE9 and below. 5 | 6 | @mixin reset-filter() { 7 | filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(enabled = false); 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_reset-text.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | @mixin reset-text() { 2 | font-family: $font-family-base; 3 | // We deliberately do NOT reset font-size. 4 | font-style: normal; 5 | font-weight: normal; 6 | letter-spacing: normal; 7 | line-break: auto; 8 | line-height: $line-height-base; 9 | text-align: left; // Fallback for where `start` is not supported 10 | text-align: start; 11 | text-decoration: none; 12 | text-shadow: none; 13 | text-transform: none; 14 | white-space: normal; 15 | word-break: normal; 16 | word-spacing: normal; 17 | word-wrap: normal; 18 | } 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_resize.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Resize anything 2 | 3 | @mixin resizable($direction) { 4 | resize: $direction; // Options: horizontal, vertical, both 5 | overflow: auto; // Per CSS3 UI, `resize` only applies when `overflow` isn't `visible` 6 | } 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_responsive-visibility.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Responsive utilities 2 | 3 | // 4 | // More easily include all the states for responsive-utilities.less. 5 | // [converter] $parent hack 6 | @mixin responsive-visibility($parent) { 7 | #{$parent} { 8 | display: block !important; 9 | } 10 | table#{$parent} { display: table !important; } 11 | tr#{$parent} { display: table-row !important; } 12 | th#{$parent}, 13 | td#{$parent} { display: table-cell !important; } 14 | } 15 | 16 | // [converter] $parent hack 17 | @mixin responsive-invisibility($parent) { 18 | #{$parent} { 19 | display: none !important; 20 | } 21 | } 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_size.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Sizing shortcuts 2 | 3 | @mixin size($width, $height) { 4 | width: $width; 5 | height: $height; 6 | } 7 | 8 | @mixin square($size) { 9 | @include size($size, $size); 10 | } 11 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_tab-focus.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // WebKit-style focus 2 | 3 | @mixin tab-focus() { 4 | // Default 5 | outline: thin dotted; 6 | // WebKit 7 | outline: 5px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color; 8 | outline-offset: -2px; 9 | } 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_table-row.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Tables 2 | 3 | @mixin table-row-variant($state, $background) { 4 | // Exact selectors below required to override `.table-striped` and prevent 5 | // inheritance to nested tables. 6 | .table > thead > tr, 7 | .table > tbody > tr, 8 | .table > tfoot > tr { 9 | > td.#{$state}, 10 | > th.#{$state}, 11 | &.#{$state} > td, 12 | &.#{$state} > th { 13 | background-color: $background; 14 | } 15 | } 16 | 17 | // Hover states for `.table-hover` 18 | // Note: this is not available for cells or rows within `thead` or `tfoot`. 19 | .table-hover > tbody > tr { 20 | > td.#{$state}:hover, 21 | > th.#{$state}:hover, 22 | &.#{$state}:hover > td, 23 | &:hover > .#{$state}, 24 | &.#{$state}:hover > th { 25 | background-color: darken($background, 5%); 26 | } 27 | } 28 | } 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_text-emphasis.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Typography 2 | 3 | // [converter] $parent hack 4 | @mixin text-emphasis-variant($parent, $color) { 5 | #{$parent} { 6 | color: $color; 7 | } 8 | a#{$parent}:hover, 9 | a#{$parent}:focus { 10 | color: darken($color, 10%); 11 | } 12 | } 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /_sass/bootstrap/mixins/_text-overflow.scss: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | // Text overflow 2 | // Requires inline-block or block for proper styling 3 | 4 | @mixin text-overflow() { 5 | overflow: hidden; 6 | text-overflow: ellipsis; 7 | white-space: nowrap; 8 | } 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /bayes.svg.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/bayes.svg.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /blog.Rproj: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Version: 1.0 2 | 3 | RestoreWorkspace: Default 4 | SaveWorkspace: Default 5 | AlwaysSaveHistory: Default 6 | 7 | EnableCodeIndexing: Yes 8 | UseSpacesForTab: Yes 9 | NumSpacesForTab: 2 10 | Encoding: UTF-8 11 | 12 | RnwWeave: Sweave 13 | LaTeX: pdfLaTeX 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /code/density.r: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 2 | library(ggplot2) 3 | 4 | n_data = 10000 5 | 6 | # xdata1 = rnorm(n=(n_data/2), mean=10, sd=3) 7 | # xdata2 = rnorm(n=(n_data/2), mean=20, sd=3) 8 | # xdata = c(xdata1, xdata2) 9 | # 10 | # ydata1 = xdata1 * 1 + rnorm(n=(n_data/2), mean=0, sd=3) 11 | # ydata2 = xdata2 * (-0.5) + rnorm(n=(n_data/2), mean=0, sd=2) 12 | # ydata = c(ydata1, ydata2) 13 | # 14 | # data = data.frame(x=xdata, y=ydata) 15 | # ggplot(data=data, aes(x,y)) + geom_point(colour='blue', size=0.5) 16 | # 17 | # model = glm(data$y ~ data$x) 18 | 19 | sd_jitter = 0.3 20 | 21 | cutter = function(x) { 22 | x <- x + rnorm(1, 0, sd_jitter) 23 | x <- min(max(x ,0), 10) 24 | return(x) 25 | } 26 | 27 | customer = function(t) { 28 | if (t==1) { 29 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.1))) 30 | } 31 | if (t==2) { 32 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.5))) 33 | } 34 | if (t==3) { 35 | if (runif(1,0,1) > 0.5) { 36 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.99))) 37 | } 38 | else { 39 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.7))) 40 | } 41 | } 42 | if (t==4) { 43 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.7))) 44 | } 45 | if (t==5) { 46 | return(cutter(rbinom(1, 10, 0.3))) 47 | } 48 | } 49 | 50 | time = round(runif(n=n_data, min=1, max=5)) 51 | vistor = sapply(time, customer) 52 | fisher_ = data.frame(customers=vistor, time=time) 53 | 54 | ggplot(data=fisher_, 55 | aes(x=time, y=customers)) + 56 | geom_boxplot( 57 | data=fisher_, 58 | aes(x=time, y=customers, group=time, fill=customers) 59 | ) 60 | 61 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /code/dirichlet_process.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import numpy as np 2 | import scipy as sp 3 | import pandas as pd 4 | import pymc3 as pm 5 | import seaborn 6 | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 7 | 8 | blue, *_ = seaborn.color_palette() 9 | 10 | N = 20 # number of data points 11 | K = 30 # number of clusters 12 | alpha = 2.0 13 | P0 = sp.stats.norm 14 | beta = sp.stats.beta.rvs(1, alpha, size=(N,K)) 15 | w = np.empty_like(beta) 16 | w[:, 0] = beta[:, 0] 17 | w[:, 1:] = beta[:, 1:] * (1-beta[:, :-1]).cumprod(axis=1) # w[i,j] = beta[i,j] * \prod_{l=0}^{j-1} (1-beta[i,l]) 18 | 19 | omega = P0.rvs(size=(N,K)) 20 | 21 | x_plot = np.linspace(-3, 3, 300) 22 | 23 | sample_cdfs = (w[...,np.newaxis]) * np.less -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /css/fonts/FontAwesome.otf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/css/fonts/FontAwesome.otf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bayestour/blog/c3a810d17837a359754a8f115f2f53f3139c7837/css/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/abs/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Applied Bayesian Statistics" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/abs/0201.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Clustering and the Dirichlet Process" 4 | title: "2. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/abs/0203.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Clustering and the Dirichlet Process" 4 | title: "2. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Causal Inference & Learning" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 이 페이지에선 Causal Inference 에 대한 내용과 머신러닝을 활용한 방법론에 대해서 소개할 것입니다. 기회가 된다면 Bayesian Causal Inference 방법론도 소개할 예정입니다. 8 | 9 | 이 페이지는 아래의 참고문헌을 토대로 작성되었습니다. 10 | 11 | - *Elements of Causal Inference*, Jonas Peters, Dominik Janzig, and Bernhard Schölkopf, 2017 12 | - *Causality*, Judea Pearl, 2009 13 | - *Causal Inference in Statistics: Primer*, Judea Pearl, Madelyn Glymour, Nicholas P. Jewell, 2016 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc" 4 | title: "1. Causal Modeling" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 chapter 에서는 causal modeling 에 대한 기초적인 철학을 설명합니다. 8 | 9 | ## List 10 | 1. [Causal Modeling and Learning](https://bayestour.github.io/blog/docs/bc/0101) 11 | 2. [두 모델의 차이점 살펴보기](https://bayestour.github.io/blog/docs/bc/0102) 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0101.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc-1" 4 | title: "1. Causal Modeling and Learning" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | Machine Learning (ML) 과 Causal Learning 의 차이점은 8 | 9 | - Causal 모델은 기본적으로 확률론적(probabilistic) 모델보다 더 많은 정보를 담게 된다. 왜냐하면 Causal 모델은 조정(intervention)에 의한 효과 또는 분포의 변화를 분석할 수 있어야 하기 때문이다. 10 | 11 | - 12 | 13 | ![figure]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/docs/bc/causal-model.png){:class="center-block" height="300px"} 14 | **Causal Inference 는 Statistical Inference 에서 다루는 대상들을 포함한다 (출처: J. Peters et al., 2017)** 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | - *Elements of Causal Inference: Foundations and Learning Algorithms*, J. Peters et al., 2017 20 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0102.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc-1" 4 | title: "2. 두 모델의 차이점 살펴보기" 5 | --- 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0104.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Probability Theory" 4 | title: "4. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0200.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc" 4 | title: "2. Assumptions for Causal Inference" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 chapter 에서는 Causal Inference 에서 사용되는 가정들을 살펴본다 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0201.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc-2" 4 | title: "1. The Principle of Independent Mechanisms" 5 | --- 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0202.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "bc-2" 4 | title: "2." 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | --- 11 | 12 | ## 2.1 Hilbert spaces and Fourier Transforms 13 | 14 | - **힐베르트 공간(Hilbert space)** \\( \mathcal{H} \\) 는 **내적(inner product)** \\( \langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle \\)으로 Norm \\( \\| \cdot \\| \\)이 정의된 **완비공간(Complete space)** 이다 15 | 16 | $$ 17 | \|f\|_{\mathcal{H}}=\sqrt{\langle f,f \rangle},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 18 | $$ 19 | 20 | - 대표적인 힐베르트 공간은 \\( L_{2} \\) 공간과 Sobolev 공간 \\( W_{2}^{k} \\) 이 있다 21 | 22 | - 힐베르트 공간이 [분해가능(Separable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_space) 인 경우 [가산개의(Countable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set) [직교기저(Orthogonal basis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonormal_basis) \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 이 존재한다: 23 | 24 | $$ 25 | f = \sum_{n}\langle f,\varphi_{n} \rangle\varphi_{n},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 26 | $$ 27 | 28 | - 참고로 위 식은 아래와 같은 \\( \\| \cdot \\|_{\mathcal{H}} \\) -sense 하에서 수렴한다: 29 | 30 | $$ 31 | \lim_{N\to\infty}\left\|f-\sum_{n=1}^{N}\langle f,\varphi_{n}\rangle \varphi_{n}\right\|_{\mathcal{H}}=0 32 | $$ 33 | 34 | - \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 는 [Gram-Schmidt procedure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%E2%80%93Schmidt_process) 를 통해 구축할 수 있다 35 | 36 | 37 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010201.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0300.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "3. SVM and Kernel Methods" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - SVM 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Mercer Kernels and RKHS](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0301) 18 | 19 | [2. Hard SVM](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0302) 20 | 21 | [3. Soft SVM](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0303) 22 | 23 | [4. Duality and Optimality](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0304) 24 | 25 | [5. Kernel Trick](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0305) 26 | 27 | [6. Multi-class Problem](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0306) 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0301.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "1. Mercer Kernels and RKHS" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 8 | 9 | 10 | - 위 표현을 기호로 나타내면 11 | 12 | 13 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010101.png){:class="center-block" height="400px"} 14 | 15 | - 거리함수의 종류는 매우 다양하다. 맨허튼 거리(Manhattan distance) 역시 유클리드 공간에서의 거리함수이다 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | `Definition 2`. 벡터공간 $$ \mathcal{X} $$ 에서 정의된 함수 $$ \Vert \cdot \Vert : \mathcal{X} \to [0,\infty) $$ 이 다음 세 조건을 만족하면 **노름(Norm)** 이라 부르고, $$ (\mathcal{X},\Vert\cdot\Vert) $$ 를 **노름공간(Normed space)** 라 부른다 20 | 21 | 1. 벡터 $$ x $$ 가 영벡터($$ \mathbf{0} $$) 이기 위한 필요충분조건은 $$ \Vert x \Vert = 0 $$ 이다 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0302.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "2. Hard SVM" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | --- 11 | 12 | ## 2.1 Hilbert spaces and Fourier Transforms 13 | 14 | - **힐베르트 공간(Hilbert space)** \\( \mathcal{H} \\) 는 **내적(inner product)** \\( \langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle \\)으로 Norm \\( \\| \cdot \\| \\)이 정의된 **완비공간(Complete space)** 이다 15 | 16 | $$ 17 | \|f\|_{\mathcal{H}}=\sqrt{\langle f,f \rangle},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 18 | $$ 19 | 20 | - 대표적인 힐베르트 공간은 \\( L_{2} \\) 공간과 Sobolev 공간 \\( W_{2}^{k} \\) 이 있다 21 | 22 | - 힐베르트 공간이 [분해가능(Separable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_space) 인 경우 [가산개의(Countable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set) [직교기저(Orthogonal basis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonormal_basis) \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 이 존재한다: 23 | 24 | $$ 25 | f = \sum_{n}\langle f,\varphi_{n} \rangle\varphi_{n},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 26 | $$ 27 | 28 | - 참고로 위 식은 아래와 같은 \\( \\| \cdot \\|_{\mathcal{H}} \\) -sense 하에서 수렴한다: 29 | 30 | $$ 31 | \lim_{N\to\infty}\left\|f-\sum_{n=1}^{N}\langle f,\varphi_{n}\rangle \varphi_{n}\right\|_{\mathcal{H}}=0 32 | $$ 33 | 34 | - \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 는 [Gram-Schmidt procedure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%E2%80%93Schmidt_process) 를 통해 구축할 수 있다 35 | 36 | 37 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010201.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 38 | 39 | 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0303.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "3. Soft SVM" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/bc/0400.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "4. Regularization" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - SVM 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Regularized Loss Minimization](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0401) 18 | 19 | [2. Ridge regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0402) 20 | 21 | 22 | [3. Lasso regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0403) 23 | 24 | 25 | [4. Tikhonov Regularization](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0404) 26 | 27 | [5. Controlling the Fitting-Stability Tradeoff](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0405) 28 | 29 | [6. Regularization and RKHS](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0406) 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/preposts/2019-06-30-crp.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: post-sidenav 3 | title: "Chinese Restaurant Process" 4 | group: "Bayesian Statistics" 5 | author: 임성빈 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Dirichlet Process 에서 prior 를 변형시킨 [Chinese Restaurant Process(CRP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_restaurant_process)에 대해 소개합니다 9 | 10 | ### Chinese Restaurant Process 11 | 12 | 예전에 소개한 [Dirichlet Process(DP)](https://bayestour.github.io/blog/2019/06/26/dirichlet_process.html) 는 수학자 Dirichlet 의 이름을 땄습니다만 CRP 는 다음과 같은 상황을 상정해서 만들어진 모델입니다. 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/preposts/2019-07-07-dp_application.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: post-sidenav 3 | title: "Dirichlet Process 의 다른 활용법" 4 | group: "Bayesian Statistics" 5 | author: 임성빈 6 | --- 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter01/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Breaking Papers" 4 | title: "Generative Adversarial Nets" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - GAN (Goodfellow *et al*, 2014) 논문 핵심 요약 8 | - Discriminator 와 Generator 간의 adversarial training 의 메카니즘을 이해한다 9 | 10 | $$ 11 | \mathbb{E}[\mathcal{D}(x)]+\mathbb{E}[1-\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{G}(z))] 12 | $$ 13 | 14 | ## Adversarial training 에서 주의할 점 15 | - Saddle point 가 나올 때 주의해야 한다 16 | 17 | ## Variational Auto-Encoder 와의 비교 18 | - GAN은 Likelihood-free model 이다 19 | - 분포에 대해 mean-field family 를 가정하지 않는다 20 | 21 | 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter02/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Understanding Machine Learning" 4 | title: "Part 1. Foundations" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 1장에서는 기초 확률 이론을 이용하여 패턴 인식의 여러 문제들을 간단하게 살펴보았다. 8 | - 이번 장에서는 다양한 확률 분포를 먼저 살펴보는 시간을 가진다. 9 | - 좀 재미 없는 영역이지만 이후에 빈번하게 사용되는 기초 내용이 수록되어 있으니 꼼꼼하게 읽어야 한다. 10 | - 여기서는 랜덤 변수 \\( x \\) 에 대해 확률 함수 \\( p(x) \\) 를 모델링하는 것을 배운다. 11 | - 이것을 밀도 추정(density estimation)이라고 한다. 12 | - 우선 가장 먼저 고려해야 할 것은 모든 샘플 데이터는 독립적으로 생성되었다고 가정하는 것이다. 13 | - 사실 관찰된 데이터로 부터 추측해볼 수 있는 확률 분포는 정말 끝도없이 많을 것이다. 14 | - 물론 어떤 모델을 선택하여야 할 것인가의 문제는 1장의 커브 피팅 문제에서도 살짝 다루긴 했다. 15 | - 우리는 먼저 파라미터를 가지고 있는 분포들(parametric distribution)을 살펴볼 예정이다. 16 | - 이건 거의 정형화되어 있는 분포들이다. 17 | - 가우시안 분포도 이러한 분포 중 하나이며, 이번 장에서도 자세히 다룰 예정이다. 18 | - 또한 우리는 공액 사전 분포(conjugate prior distribution)라는 것도 잠시 다루어볼 예정이다. 19 | - 이 분포는 사후 분포(posterior distibution)를 수학적으로 계산하기 쉽도록 도움을 준다. 20 | - 예를 들어 베타(Beta) 분포나 디리슈레(Dirichlet) 분포 등이 있다. 21 | - 이런 분포들을 살펴보면서 지수 분포족(exponetial family of distrivution)도 살펴볼 것이다. 22 | - 파라미터를 가지는 분포의 한계점은 함수 자체가 이미 특별한 형태의 구조를 포함하고 있다는 것이다 23 | - 따라서 실제 샘플과 다른 양상의 분포를 선택하게 되는 경우 원하는 결과를 얻지 못할 때가 많다. 24 | - 마지막에는 파라미터를 사용하지 않는 분포에 대한 모델링도 살펴볼 것이다. 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter03/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Chapter. 3" 4 | title: "0. Linear Models for Regression" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이번 장은 Supervised Learning 의 일종인 회귀분석(Regression)에 관한 이야기를 진행할 것이다. 8 | - 사실 회귀분석은 전통적인 통계학에서 많이 다루는 학문인데, 여기서는 확률론에 입각하여 기존의 회귀 분석을 해석해 보도록 한다. 9 | - 사실 1장에서 다항식을 이용한 커브 피팅 문제를 다루면서 어느 정도 다루어보기는 했다. 10 | - 이번 장에서는 이를 좀 더 구체적으로 다루어본다. 11 | 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter03/6.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Chapter. 3" 4 | title: "6. Limit. of Fixed Basis Functions" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이번 장을 통해 우리는 고정된 크기를 가지며 비선형 기저 함수를 가지는 선형 결합 모델들을 비교해 보았다. 8 | - 우리는 또한 파라미터의 선형식을 적용하는 것이 `closed-form` 형태의 솔루션인 최소 제곱법에 아주 적합한 방식임을 살펴보았다. 9 | - 그리고 이를 활용하여 다루기 쉬운 베이지안 기법들을 살펴보았다. 10 | - 또한 다양한 기저 함수를 선택하여 입력과 출력을 매핑하는 복잡한 형태의 비선형 모델도 사용해 보았다. 11 | - 이 다음 장에서는 우리는 분류(classification)를 위한 모델을 살펴볼 예정이다. 12 | 13 | ----- 14 | 15 | - 지금까지 살펴본 선형 모델들은 패턴 인식 문제를 풀기위한 일반적인 목적의 솔루션들이다. 16 | - 하지만 안타깝게도 이러한 선형 모델에는 일부 단점들이 존재한다. 17 | - 우리는 신경망이나 SVM 을 통해 이러한 문제점들을 보안하는 방법을 살펴볼 예정이다. 18 | - 가장 문제가 되는 가정은 기저 함수 \\( \phi_j(x) \\) 가 고정되어 있다는 것이다. 19 | - 따라서 관찰된 학습 데이터의 차원이 증가하는 경우 1.4절에서 언급한 차원의 저주 문제가 그대로 나타나게 된다. 20 | - 이 결과로 차원이 증가할 수록 기저 함수의 크기가 보통 입력 공간 $D$ 에 대해 지수로 증가하게 된다. 21 | 22 | ----- 23 | 24 | - 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 기법으로 두가지 정도를 제시할 것이다. 25 | - 가장 먼저 알아야 할 것은 우선 데이터 \\( \{x_n\} \\) 가 입력 공간보다 작은 내부 차원을 가진 비선형 매니폴드 공간에 놓여있다는 사실이다. 26 | - 그 결과로 입력 데이터 사이에는 강한 상관관계가 존재한다. 27 | - 이 말이 무슨 말인지 모르겠으나 뒤로 가다보면 알겠지. 28 | - 12장에서 손글씨(mnist)를 처리하는 예제를 통해 이를 살펴볼 예정이다. 29 | - 만약 우리가 국소화된 기저 함수(localized basis function)를 사용한다면 입력 공간 내에 흩어진 데이터를 재배열할 수 있다. 30 | - 이러한 접근 방식을 방사 기저 함수 (radial basis function) 네트워크라고 한다. 31 | - 시그모이드(sigmoid)를 사용하는 비선형 기법의 신경망을 도입할 수도 있다. 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter05/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Chapter. 5" 4 | title: "0. Introduction" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 지금까지 우리는 3장과 4장을 통해 회귀(regression) 모형과 분류(classification) 모형을 다루어 보았다. 8 | - 이를 처리하기 위해 고정된 기저 함수를 이용하여 선형 결합을 만들어내는 모델들을 학습했다. 9 | - 이런 방식은 꽤나 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 기법들이지만, 차원이 증가하는 경우 차원의 저주를 막을 수 없다. 10 | - 선형 모델에서 차원의 저주 문제는 '고정된 기저 함수'라는 가정에 기인하므로, 11 | - 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 "입력 데이터에 맞게 적응하는 기저 함수"의 도입이 필수적이다. 12 | 13 | ---- 14 | 15 | - **SVM** 16 | - 앞으로 나올 7장에서는 SVM 기법을 다루고 있다. 17 | - 이 기법은 학습 데이터로부터 모델을 학습 과정 중에 학습 데이터의 일부 데이터 집합에만 집중하여 학습을 하게 된다. 18 | - SVM이 가지는 장점 중 하나는 목적 함수가 convex 하기만 하면 비선형적인 함수를 통한 최적화 과정을 통해서도 결과를 도출해 낼 수 있다는 것이다. 19 | - 이런 경우 실제 사용되는 학습 데이터 수에 비해 기저 함수의 개수가 현격히 줄어들 수 있다. 20 | - 이와 관련된 내용은 7장에서 좀 더 자세히 보도록 하자. 21 | 22 | ---- 23 | 24 | - **Nueral Network (or Perceptrons)** 25 | - SVM 방식과는 다른 방식으로, 비록 기저 함수의 개수는 고정시키지만 좀 더 적합한 모델을 구성하는 방법도 있다. 26 | - 여기서는 이를 위해 "다중 레이어를 가진 신경망" (*multilayer perceptron*) 을 이용한다. 27 | - 이름이 너무 길다. 그냥 MLP 라고 부른다. 28 | 29 | - 신경망은 생물학적 시스템을 모방한 시도로 피트, 로젠블렛, 럼멜하트 등 초기 많은 학자들의 노력으로 발전하였다. 30 | - 하지만 신경망의 역사에 대한 내용은 생략하도록 한다. 31 | 32 | ---- 33 | 34 | - 우리는 어쨌거나 기저 함수의 파라미터를 결정하는 함수적 형태로 신경망 공부를 시작할 예정이다. 35 | - 역시나 *MLE* 등을 이용하여 문제를 해결하겠지만, 여기서는 비선형 함수를 다룬다는 특징이 있다. 36 | - 파라미터 학습을 위해 *error backpropagation* 이라는 기법을 사용한다. 뒤에서 자세히 나온다. 37 | - 후반부에서는 정칙화(regularization) 기법이나 혼합 모델(mixture density networks)에 관련된 내용도 다룰 것이다. 38 | - 당연히 베이지안 방식의 신경망도 안 다룰수 없는 법. 39 | 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/PRML/chapter05/5.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Chapter. 5" 4 | title: "5. Regularization in NN." 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 신경망에서 입력 데이터와 출력 데이터의 차원은 데이터집합에 의해 결정된다. 8 | - 따라서 실제 제어 가능한 파라미터는 hidden 레이어의 크기 \\(M\\) 의 값이다. 9 | 10 | (작성중) 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/agm/0205.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "VAE" 4 | title: "5. Algorithm" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 8 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/agm_Figure020102.png){:class="center-block" height="300px"} 9 | 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aons/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "All of Nonparametric Statistics" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 이 페이지에서는 Larry Wasserman 의 All of Nonparametric Statistics 의 내용들을 요약 설명합니다. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aons/0100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "All of Nonparametric Statistics" 4 | title: "1. Introduction" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 페이지에서는 Larry Wasserman 의 All of Statistics 중 Part 2 : Statistical Inference 내용을 소개합니다 8 | - Models, Statistical Inference and Learning 9 | - Estimating the CDF and Statistical Functionals 10 | - The Bootstrap 11 | - Parametric Inference 12 | - Hypothesis Testing and p-values 13 | - Bayesian Inference 14 | - Statistical Decision Theory -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "1. Models, Statistical Inference and Learning" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 통계적 학습(Statistical Learning)에 관한 개념을 소개한다 10 | - Parametric 와 Nonparametric 모형의 차이를 이해한다 11 | - Point estimation, Confidence interval, Hypothesis test 의 개념을 이해한다 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Introduction](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0101) 18 | 19 | [2. Parametric and Nonparametric Models](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0102) 20 | 21 | [3. Fundamental Concepts in Inference](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0103) 22 | 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0101.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Models, Statistical Inference and Learning" 4 | title: "1. Introduction" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 통계적 **추론(Inference)**, 또는 **학습(Learning)** 은 주어진 데이터를 기반으로 데이터를 생성하는 분포(Distribution)을 추론하는 프로세스를 말한다 8 | - 어떤 경우엔 분포 자체가 아니라 분포의 특성(예: 평균, 모멘트)만 계산하고 싶을 수 있다 9 | - 전형적인 통계적 추론 문제는 다음과 같다 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | `Question` 분포함수 \\( F \\) 에서 추출한 표본 \\( X_{1}, X_{2},\ldots, X_{n} \\) 이 있다. 이 때 \\( F \\) 를 어떻게 추론할 수 있을까? 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0200.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "2. Estimating the CDF and Statistical Functionals" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 누적분포함수(CDF) \\( F \\) 를 추정하는 방법론을 이해한다 10 | - 통계적 범함수(Statistical functional) 를 이해한다 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. The Empirical Distribution Function](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0201) 17 | 18 | [2. Statistical Functionals](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0202) 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0202.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Estimating the CDF and Statistical Functionals" 4 | title: "Statistical Functionals" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 통계적 범함수(statistical functional) $$ T(\cdot) $$ 는 분포함수 $$ F \in \mathfrak{F} $$ 에 정의된 함수로 $$ T : \mathfrak{F} \to \mathbb{R} $$ 이다. 평균(mean), 분산(variance), 중앙값(median) 등이 대표적인 통계적 범함수이다 : 8 | 9 | $$ 10 | \mu = \int x dF(x),\quad \sigma^{2} = \int(x-\mu)^{2}dF(x),\quad m=F^{-1}(1/2) 11 | $$ 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | `Definition 1`. 통계적 범함수 $$ \theta = T(F) $$ 의 **plug-in estimator** 는 $$ T(\cdot) $$ 안에 ECDF $$ \hat{F}_{n} $$ 를 대입한 범함수로 정의한다 : 16 | 17 | $$ 18 | \hat{\theta}_{n}=T(\hat{F}_{n}) 19 | $$ 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | `Definition 2`. 주어진 통계적 범함수가 어떤 함수 $$ r(x) $$ 에 의해 $$ T(F) = \int r(x) dF(x) $$ 형태로 표현된다면, $$ T $$ 는 **선형 범함수(linear functional)** 이라 부른다 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | - `Comment` 선형대수를 공부한 독자라면 위 정의는 선형 범함수의 원래 정의와 다르다는 걸 알 것이다. 사실 위 정의는 원래의 정의와 동치이다! Riesz representation theorem 에 의한 결과이다 28 | 29 | - 연속확률분포나 이산확률분포일 경우 $$ \int r(x)dF(x) $$ 는 각각 $$ \int r(x)f(x)dx $$ 와 $$ \sum_{i} r(x_{i})f(x_{i}) $$ 로 표현된다 30 | 31 | - ECDF 는 각 $$ X_{i} $$ 에 $$ 1/n $$ 씩 mass 가 부여된 이산확률분포의 CDF 이므로, $$ T $$ 가 선형 범함수일 경우 plug-in estimator 는 아래와 같이 표현된다 : 32 | 33 | $$ 34 | T(\hat{F}_{n}) = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n} r(X_{i}) 35 | $$ 36 | 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0300.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "3. The Bootstrap" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Bootstrap 방법론을 이해한다 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | ## List 14 | 15 | [1. Simulation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0301) 16 | 17 | [2. Bootstrap Variance Estimation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0302) 18 | 19 | [3. Bootstrap Confidence Intervals](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0303) 20 | 21 | [4. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0304) 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0400.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "4. Parametric Inference" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Parametric Model 를 다룬다 10 | - Parametric Model 은 다음과 같이 parameter \\( \theta=(\theta_{1},\ldots,\theta_{k}) \\) 가 finite dimension 인 모형을 고려한다 11 | 12 | $$ 13 | \mathfrak{F}=\left\{ f(x;\theta):\theta\in\Theta \right\},\quad \theta\subset\mathbb{R}^{k} 14 | $$ 15 | 16 | - Parameter 를 추정하는 방법론으로 method of moments 와 method of maximum likelihood 를 소개한다 17 | 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | ## List 22 | 23 | [1. Parameter of Interest](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0401) 24 | 25 | [2. The Method of Moments](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0402) 26 | 27 | [3. Maximum Likelihood](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0403) 28 | 29 | [4. Properties of Maximum Likelihood Estimators](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0404) 30 | 31 | [5. Consistency of Maximum Likelihood Estimators](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0405) 32 | 33 | [6. Equivariance of the MLE](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0406) 34 | 35 | [7. Asymptotic Normality](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0407) 36 | 37 | [8. Optimality](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0408) 38 | 39 | [9. The Delta Method](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0409) 40 | 41 | [10. Multiparameter Models](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0410) 42 | 43 | [11. The Parametric Bootstrap](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0411) 44 | 45 | [12. Checking Assumptions](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0412) 46 | 47 | [13. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0413) 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0500.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "5. Hypothesis Testing and p-values" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 **가설검정(Hypothesis test)** 에 대해 다룰 것이다 10 | - 확률변수 \\( X \\) 가 공간 \\( \mathcal{X} \\) 에서 치역(range)을 가진다고 가정하자. 우리는 적절한 **기각역(rejection region)** \\( R \subset \mathcal{X} \\) 을 찾아서 아래 Procedure 을 통해 가설을 검정한다: 11 | 12 | $$ 13 | X \in R\quad \Longrightarrow\quad \text{reject }H_{0} 14 | $$ 15 | 16 | $$ 17 | X \notin R\quad \Longrightarrow\quad \text{retain }H_{0} 18 | $$ 19 | 20 | - 보통 \\( R \\) 은 **검정통계량(test statistic)** \\( T \\) 와 **임계값(critical value)** \\( c \\) 에 대해 다음의 형태를 가진다: 21 | 22 | $$ 23 | R=\{x: T(x) > c\} 24 | $$ 25 | 26 | - 가설검정의 핵심은 기각역을 결정하는 적절한 \\( T \\) 와 \\( c \\) 를 찾는 것이다 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | ## List 31 | 32 | [1. The Wald Test](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0501) 33 | 34 | [2. p-values](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0502) 35 | 36 | [3. The \\( \chi^{2} \\) Distribution](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0503) 37 | 38 | [4. Pearson’s \\( \chi^{2} \\) Test For Multinomial Data](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0504) 39 | 40 | [5. The Permutation Test](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0505) 41 | 42 | [6. Multiple Testing](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0506) 43 | 44 | [7. Goodness-of-fit Tests](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0507) 45 | 46 | [8. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0508) 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0600.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "6. Bayesian Inference" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 베이지안 추론(Bayesian inference) 에 대해 다룰 것이다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. The Bayesian Philosophy](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0601) 17 | 18 | [2. The Bayesian Method](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0602) 19 | 20 | [3. Functions of Parameters](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0603) 21 | 22 | [4. Simulation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0604) 23 | 24 | [5. Large Sample Properties of Bayes’ Procedures](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0605) 25 | 26 | [6. Flat Priors, Improper Priors, and Noninformative Priors](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0606) 27 | 28 | [7. Multiparameter Problems](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0607) 29 | 30 | [8. Bayesian Testing](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0608) 31 | 32 | [9. Strengths and Weaknesses of Bayesian Inference](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0609) 33 | 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos2/0700.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Inference" 4 | title: "7. Statistical Decision Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 통계적 결정이론(Statistical Decision Theory) 에 대해 다룰 것이다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Preliminaries](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0701) 17 | 18 | [2. Comparing Risk Functions](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0702) 19 | 20 | [3. Bayes Estimators](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0703) 21 | 22 | [4. Minimax Rules](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0704) 23 | 24 | [5. Maximum Likelihood, Minimax, and Bayes](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0705) 25 | 26 | [6. Admissibility](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0706) 27 | 28 | [7. Stein’s Paradox](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos2/0707) 29 | 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 페이지에서는 Larry Wasserman 의 All of Statistics 중 Part 3 : Statistical Models and Methods 내용을 소개합니다 8 | - Linear and Logistic Regression 9 | - Multivariate Models 10 | - Inference About Independence 11 | - Causal Inference 12 | - Directed Graphs and Conditional Independence 13 | - Undirected Graphs 14 | - Log-Linear Models 15 | - Nonparametric Curve Estimation 16 | - Smoothing Using Orthogonal Functions 17 | - Classification 18 | - Probability Redux: Stochastic Processes 19 | - Simulation Methods -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "1. Linear and Logistic Regression" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Parametric regression 에 대해 다룬다 10 | - 여기서는 Regression function 이 선형(linear) 인 경우만 다룬다 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Simples Linear Regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0101) 17 | 18 | [2. Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0102) 19 | 20 | [3. Properties of the Least Squares Estimators](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0103) 21 | 22 | [4. Prediction](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0104) 23 | 24 | [5. Model Selection](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0105) 25 | 26 | [6. Logistic Regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0106) 27 | 28 | [7. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0107) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0200.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "2. Multivariate Models" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 다변수(Multivariate) 모형에 대해 다룬다 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | ## List 14 | 15 | [1. Random Vectors](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0201) 16 | 17 | [2. Estimating the Correlation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0202) 18 | 19 | [3. Multivariate Normal](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0203) 20 | 21 | [4. Multinomial](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0204) 22 | 23 | [5. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0205) 24 | 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0300.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "3. Inference About Independence" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 독립성(Independence) 에 대한 추론을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Two Binary Variables](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0301) 17 | 18 | [2. Two Discrete Variables](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0302) 19 | 20 | [3. Two Continuous Variables](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0303) 21 | 22 | [4. One Continuous Variable and One Discrete](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0304) 23 | 24 | [5. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0305) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0400.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "4. Causal Inference" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 인과관계(Causal) 에 대한 추론을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. The Counterfactual Model](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0401) 17 | 18 | [2. Beyond Binary Treatments](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0402) 19 | 20 | [3. Observational Studies and Confounding](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0403) 21 | 22 | [4. Simpson’s Paradox](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0404) 23 | 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0500.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "5. Directed Graphs and Conditional Independence" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Directed Graph 모형을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Introduction](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0501) 17 | 18 | [2. Conditional Independence](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0502) 19 | 20 | [3. DAGs](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0503) 21 | 22 | [4. Probability and DAGs](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0504) 23 | 24 | [5. More Independence Relations](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0505) 25 | 26 | [6. Estimation for DAGs](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0506) 27 | 28 | [7. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0507) 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0600.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "6. Undirected Graphs" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Undirected Graph 모형을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Undirected Graphs](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0601) 17 | 18 | [2. Probability and Graphs](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0602) 19 | 20 | [3. Cliques and Potentials](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0603) 21 | 22 | [4. Fitting Graphs to Data](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0604) 23 | 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0700.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "7. Log-Linear Models" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Log-Linear 모형을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. The Log-Linear Model](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0701) 17 | 18 | [2. Graphical Log-Linear Models](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0702) 19 | 20 | [3. Hierarchical Log-Linear Models](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0703) 21 | 22 | [4. Model Generators](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0704) 23 | 24 | [5. Fitting Log-Linear Models to Data](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0705) 25 | 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0800.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "8. Nonparametric Curve Estimation" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Nonparametric Curve Estimation 을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. The Bias-Variance Tradeoff](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0801) 17 | 18 | [2. Histograms](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0802) 19 | 20 | [3. Kernel Density Estimation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0803) 21 | 22 | [4. Nonparametric Regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0804) 23 | 24 | [5. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0805) 25 | 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/0900.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "9. Smoothing Using Orthogonal Functions" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Orthogonal function 을 이용한 방법론을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Orthogonal Functions and \\( L_{2} \\) Spaces](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0901) 17 | 18 | [2. Density Estimation](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0902) 19 | 20 | [3. Regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0903) 21 | 22 | [4. Wavelets](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0904) 23 | 24 | [5. Appendix](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/0905) 25 | 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/1000.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "10. Classification" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Classification 방법론을 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Introduction](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1001) 17 | 18 | [2. Error Rates and the Bayes Classifier](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1002) 19 | 20 | [3. Gaussian and Linear Classifiers](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1003) 21 | 22 | [4. Linear Regression and Logistic Regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1004) 23 | 24 | [5. Relationship Between Logistic Regression and LDA](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1005) 25 | 26 | [6. Density Estimation and Naive Bayes](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1006) 27 | 28 | [7. Trees](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1007) 29 | 30 | [8. Assessing Error Rates and Choosing a Good Classifier](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1008) 31 | 32 | [9. Support Vector Machines](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1009) 33 | 34 | [10. Kernelization](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1010) 35 | 36 | [11. Other Classifiers](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1011) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/1100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "11. Probability Redux: Stochastic Processes" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Stochastic Process 에 대해 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Introduction](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1101) 17 | 18 | [2. Markov Chains](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1102) 19 | 20 | [3. Poisson Processes](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1103) 21 | 22 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/aos3/1200.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Models and Methods" 4 | title: "12. Simulation Methods" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 Stochastic simulation 에 대해 다룬다 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | ## List 15 | 16 | [1. Bayesian Inference Revisited](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1201) 17 | 18 | [2. Basic Monte Carlo Integration](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1202) 19 | 20 | [3. Importance Sampling](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1203) 21 | 22 | [4. MCMC Part I: The Metropolis–Hastings Algorithm](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1204) 23 | 24 | [5. MCMC Part II: Different Flavors](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/aos3/1205) 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | 이 페이지에선 Statistical Learning Theory 에서 사용되는 방법론의 수학적 원리들을 소개할 것입니다 8 | 9 | - Hilbert Spaces and Functional Analysis 10 | - Fourier Analysis 11 | - Wavelet Analysis 12 | - Advanced Statistical Models 13 | 14 | - Reference 15 | 1. Gabriel Peyré 의 Mathematical Foundations of Data Sciences 16 | 2. Shai Shalev-Shwartz & Shai Ben-David 의 Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory to Algorithms 17 | 3. Stéhane Mallat 의 a Wavelet Tours of Signal Processing 18 | 4. James, Witten, Hastie, Tibshirani 의 An Introduction to Statistical Learning 19 | 2. Hastie, Tibshirani, Friedman 의 The Elements of Statistical Learning -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0100.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "1. Elementary Probability Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 확률론에서 사용되는 기본적인 내용과 Kolmogorov 의 Probability Axiom 을 다룹니다 8 | 9 | 10 | [1. Basic Set Theroy](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0101) 11 | 12 | [2. Metric Topology $$ \& $$ Analysis](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0102) 13 | 14 | [3. Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0103) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0104.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Probability Theory" 4 | title: "4. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0200.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "2. Norm and Hilbert spaces" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - Statistical Learning 은 확률론(Probability Theory) 과 함수해석학(Functional Analysis) 지식을 바탕으로 전개된다. 지금까지 확률론의 기초 지식들을 배웠다면 이번에는 함수해석학의 기본 내용들을 소개한다 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Hilbert Spaces](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0201) 18 | 19 | [2. Function Spaces](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0202) 20 | 21 | [3. Elements of Functional Analysis](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0203) 22 | 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0202.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Norm and Hilbert Spaces" 4 | title: "2. Function Spaces" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | --- 11 | 12 | ## 2.1 Hilbert spaces and Fourier Transforms 13 | 14 | - **힐베르트 공간(Hilbert space)** \\( \mathcal{H} \\) 는 **내적(inner product)** \\( \langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle \\)으로 Norm \\( \\| \cdot \\| \\)이 정의된 **완비공간(Complete space)** 이다 15 | 16 | $$ 17 | \|f\|_{\mathcal{H}}=\sqrt{\langle f,f \rangle},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 18 | $$ 19 | 20 | - 대표적인 힐베르트 공간은 \\( L_{2} \\) 공간과 Sobolev 공간 \\( W_{2}^{k} \\) 이 있다 21 | 22 | - 힐베르트 공간이 [분해가능(Separable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_space) 인 경우 [가산개의(Countable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set) [직교기저(Orthogonal basis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonormal_basis) \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 이 존재한다: 23 | 24 | $$ 25 | f = \sum_{n}\langle f,\varphi_{n} \rangle\varphi_{n},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 26 | $$ 27 | 28 | - 참고로 위 식은 아래와 같은 \\( \\| \cdot \\|_{\mathcal{H}} \\) -sense 하에서 수렴한다: 29 | 30 | $$ 31 | \lim_{N\to\infty}\left\|f-\sum_{n=1}^{N}\langle f,\varphi_{n}\rangle \varphi_{n}\right\|_{\mathcal{H}}=0 32 | $$ 33 | 34 | - \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 는 [Gram-Schmidt procedure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%E2%80%93Schmidt_process) 를 통해 구축할 수 있다 35 | 36 | 37 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010201.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 38 | 39 | 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0203.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Norm and Hilbert Spaces" 4 | title: "3. Elements of Functional Analysis" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0300.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "3. SVM and Kernel Methods" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - SVM 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Mercer Kernels and RKHS](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0301) 18 | 19 | [2. Hard SVM](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0302) 20 | 21 | [3. Soft SVM](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0303) 22 | 23 | [4. Duality and Optimality](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0304) 24 | 25 | [5. Kernel Trick](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0305) 26 | 27 | [6. Multi-class Problem](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0306) 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0301.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "1. Mercer Kernels and RKHS" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 8 | 9 | 10 | - 위 표현을 기호로 나타내면 11 | 12 | 13 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010101.png){:class="center-block" height="400px"} 14 | 15 | - 거리함수의 종류는 매우 다양하다. 맨허튼 거리(Manhattan distance) 역시 유클리드 공간에서의 거리함수이다 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | `Definition 2`. 벡터공간 $$ \mathcal{X} $$ 에서 정의된 함수 $$ \Vert \cdot \Vert : \mathcal{X} \to [0,\infty) $$ 이 다음 세 조건을 만족하면 **노름(Norm)** 이라 부르고, $$ (\mathcal{X},\Vert\cdot\Vert) $$ 를 **노름공간(Normed space)** 라 부른다 20 | 21 | 1. 벡터 $$ x $$ 가 영벡터($$ \mathbf{0} $$) 이기 위한 필요충분조건은 $$ \Vert x \Vert = 0 $$ 이다 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0302.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "2. Hard SVM" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | --- 11 | 12 | ## 2.1 Hilbert spaces and Fourier Transforms 13 | 14 | - **힐베르트 공간(Hilbert space)** \\( \mathcal{H} \\) 는 **내적(inner product)** \\( \langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle \\)으로 Norm \\( \\| \cdot \\| \\)이 정의된 **완비공간(Complete space)** 이다 15 | 16 | $$ 17 | \|f\|_{\mathcal{H}}=\sqrt{\langle f,f \rangle},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 18 | $$ 19 | 20 | - 대표적인 힐베르트 공간은 \\( L_{2} \\) 공간과 Sobolev 공간 \\( W_{2}^{k} \\) 이 있다 21 | 22 | - 힐베르트 공간이 [분해가능(Separable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separable_space) 인 경우 [가산개의(Countable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set) [직교기저(Orthogonal basis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthonormal_basis) \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 이 존재한다: 23 | 24 | $$ 25 | f = \sum_{n}\langle f,\varphi_{n} \rangle\varphi_{n},\quad f\in\mathcal{H} 26 | $$ 27 | 28 | - 참고로 위 식은 아래와 같은 \\( \\| \cdot \\|_{\mathcal{H}} \\) -sense 하에서 수렴한다: 29 | 30 | $$ 31 | \lim_{N\to\infty}\left\|f-\sum_{n=1}^{N}\langle f,\varphi_{n}\rangle \varphi_{n}\right\|_{\mathcal{H}}=0 32 | $$ 33 | 34 | - \\( (\varphi_{n})_{n\in\mathbb{N}} \\) 는 [Gram-Schmidt procedure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%E2%80%93Schmidt_process) 를 통해 구축할 수 있다 35 | 36 | 37 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpsl_Figure010201.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 38 | 39 | 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0303.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "SVM and Kernel Methods" 4 | title: "3. Soft SVM" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - Hilbert 공간의 성질과 Fourier Transform 의 관계를 이해한다 8 | - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpsl/0400.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Statistical Learning" 4 | title: "4. Regularization" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | ## Preface 8 | 9 | - SVM 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | ## List 16 | 17 | [1. Regularized Loss Minimization](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0401) 18 | 19 | [2. Ridge regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0402) 20 | 21 | 22 | [3. Lasso regression](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0403) 23 | 24 | 25 | [4. Tikhonov Regularization](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0404) 26 | 27 | [5. Controlling the Fitting-Stability Tradeoff](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0405) 28 | 29 | [6. Regularization and RKHS](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpsl/0406) 30 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpt/0.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Modern Probability Theory" 4 | title: "Preface" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 페이지에선 측도론 기반의 확률론을 수학적으로 심도있게 다룰 것입니다. 8 | - Preliminaries 9 | - Kolmogorov Probability Axiom 10 | - Measure Theory 11 | - Convergence of Random Variables 12 | - Stochastic Processes 13 | - Gaussian Processes 14 | - Markov Theory 15 | - Stochastic calculus 16 | 17 | - All of Statistics 의 Part 1. Probability 을 이 페이지로 대체합니다 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpt/0000.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Modern Probability Theory" 4 | title: "0. Preliminaries" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 이 Chapter 에서는 확률론에서 사용되는 기본적인 수학을 다룹니다 8 | [1. Basic Set Theroy](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/0001) 9 | [2. Metric Topology $$ \& $$ Analysis](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/0002) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpt/0201.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Modern Probability Theory" 4 | title: "2. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /docs/previous/mpt/0203.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: page-sidenav 3 | group: "Modern Probability Theory" 4 | title: "2. Basic Measure Theory" 5 | --- 6 | 7 | - 기본적인 측도론(Measure theory)을 소개하고 이에 기반한 확률론을 전개한다 8 | - 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | --- 13 | ## Measure Theory and Integration 14 | 15 | - [Kolmogorov Probability Axiom](https://sungbinlim.github.io/sl/docs/mpt/2) 을 통해 확률을 정의하기 위한 기본적인 공리들을 소개하였다 16 | - 이번 장에서는 확률공간(Probability space) \\( (\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P}) \\) 이 주어져 있다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개한다 17 | - 표본공간 \\( \Omega \\) 에서 실수(real-value) 로 사상(mapping)되는 함수 \\( \mathbb{R} \\) \\( X : \Omega\to\mathbb{R}\\) 가 있다고 하자. 이 함수가 다음 성질을 만족하면 **확률변수(Random variable)** 라 부른다: 18 | 19 | $$ 20 | \{\omega\in\Omega :X(\omega)\in(a,b)\}\in\mathcal{F},\quad \forall a,b\in\mathbb{R} 21 | $$ 22 | 23 | - 동전 던지기를 예를 들어보자. 동전을 던졌을 때 앞(\\( H \\))이 나오면 1, 뒤(\\( T \\))가 나오면 0 이 나오는 함수 \\( X \\) 가 있다고 하자 24 | - 이 때 \\( a, b \\) 의 범위에 따라 아래와 같이 구분할 수 있다 25 | 26 | $$ 27 | \{\omega \in \Omega : X(\omega) \in (a,b)\} = \begin{cases}\Omega & : a < 0 < 1 < b \\ \{H\} & : 0 \leq a < 1 < b \\ \{T\} & : a < 0 < b \leq 1 \\ \emptyset & : \text{otherwise} \end{cases} 28 | $$ 29 | 30 | ![figure1.1]({{ site.baseurl }}/images/mpt_Figure1.1.png){:class="center-block" height="200px"} 31 | 32 | 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /feed.xml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | layout: null 3 | --- 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | {{ site.title | xml_escape }} 8 | {{ site.description | xml_escape }} 9 | {{ site.url }}{{ site.baseurl }}/ 10 | 11 | {{ site.time | date_to_rfc822 }} 12 | {{ site.time | date_to_rfc822 }} 13 | Jekyll v{{ jekyll.version }} 14 | {% for post in site.posts limit:10 %} 15 | 16 | {{ post.title | xml_escape }} 17 | {{ post.content | xml_escape }} 18 | {{ post.date | date_to_rfc822 }} 19 | {{ post.url | prepend: site.baseurl | prepend: site.url }} 20 | {{ post.url | prepend: site.baseurl | prepend: site.url }} 21 | {% for tag in post.tags %} 22 | {{ tag | xml_escape }} 23 | {% endfor %} 24 | {% for cat in 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