├── .gitignore
├── .mvn
└── wrapper
│ ├── maven-wrapper.jar
│ └── maven-wrapper.properties
├── README.md
├── mvnw
├── mvnw.cmd
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
├── java
│ └── com
│ │ └── bezkoder
│ │ └── spring
│ │ └── jpa
│ │ └── query
│ │ ├── SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication.java
│ │ ├── model
│ │ └── Tutorial.java
│ │ └── repository
│ │ └── TutorialRepository.java
└── resources
│ └── application.properties
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── bezkoder
└── spring
└── jpa
└── query
└── SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplicationTests.java
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | HELP.md
2 | target/
3 | !.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar
4 | !**/src/main/**/target/
5 | !**/src/test/**/target/
6 |
7 | ### STS ###
8 | .apt_generated
9 | .classpath
10 | .factorypath
11 | .project
12 | .settings
13 | .springBeans
14 | .sts4-cache
15 |
16 | ### IntelliJ IDEA ###
17 | .idea
18 | *.iws
19 | *.iml
20 | *.ipr
21 |
22 | ### NetBeans ###
23 | /nbproject/private/
24 | /nbbuild/
25 | /dist/
26 | /nbdist/
27 | /.nb-gradle/
28 | build/
29 | !**/src/main/**/build/
30 | !**/src/test/**/build/
31 |
32 | ### VS Code ###
33 | .vscode/
34 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bezkoder/spring-jpa-native-query-example/32edfb47242240a9788b7e0b0b44bd3cc26d4e31/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.8.4/apache-maven-3.8.4-bin.zip
2 | wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Spring JPA Native Query example in Spring Boot
2 | Use Spring JPA native query (custom SQL query) using `@Query` in Spring Boot example:
3 |
4 | - Way to use `@Query` annotation for native SQL query
5 | - How to execute SQL query in Spring Boot
6 | - JPA Select query with WHERE condition example
7 |
8 | For more detail, please visit:
9 | > [Spring JPA Native Query example in Spring Boot](https://www.bezkoder.com/jpa-native-query/)
10 |
11 | More Practice:
12 | > [Spring JPA Query example with JPQL in Spring Boot](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-jpa-query/)
13 |
14 | > [Spring JPA Derived example in Spring Boot](https://www.bezkoder.com/jpa-repository-query/)
15 |
16 | > [Spring Boot Validate Request Body](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-validate-request-body/)
17 |
18 | > [Spring Boot File upload example with Multipart File](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-file-upload/)
19 |
20 | > [Spring Boot Pagination & Filter example | Spring JPA, Pageable](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-pagination-filter-jpa-pageable/)
21 |
22 | > [Spring Data JPA Sort/Order by multiple Columns | Spring Boot](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-data-sort-multiple-columns/)
23 |
24 | Unit Test:
25 | > [Spring Boot Repository Unit Test with @DataJpaTest](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-unit-test-jpa-repo-datajpatest/)
26 |
27 | > [Spring Boot Rest Controller Unit Test with @WebMvcTest](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-webmvctest/)
28 |
29 | > Cache the result: [Spring Boot Redis Cache example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-redis-cache-example/)
30 |
31 | > Documentation: [Spring Boot with Swagger 3 example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-swagger-3/)
32 |
33 | > Reactive Rest API: [Spring Boot WebFlux example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-webflux-rest-api/)
34 |
35 | Associations:
36 | > [Spring Boot One To One example with Spring JPA, Hibernate](https://www.bezkoder.com/jpa-one-to-one/)
37 |
38 | > [Spring Boot One To Many example with Spring JPA, Hibernate](https://www.bezkoder.com/jpa-one-to-many/)
39 |
40 | > [Spring Boot Many To Many example with Spring JPA, Hibernate](https://www.bezkoder.com/jpa-many-to-many/)
41 |
42 | Security:
43 | > [Spring Boot + Spring Security JWT Authentication & Authorization](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-jwt-authentication/)
44 |
45 | Deployment:
46 | > [Deploy Spring Boot App on AWS – Elastic Beanstalk](https://bezkoder.com/deploy-spring-boot-aws-eb/)
47 |
48 | > [Docker Compose Spring Boot and MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/docker-compose-spring-boot-mysql/)
49 |
50 | Fullstack:
51 | > [Vue + Spring Boot + H2 Embedded database example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-vue-js-crud-example/)
52 |
53 | > [Vue + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-vue-js-mysql/)
54 |
55 | > [Vue + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-vue-js-postgresql/)
56 |
57 | > [Angular 10 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/angular-10-spring-boot-crud/)
58 |
59 | > [Angular 11 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/angular-11-spring-boot-crud/)
60 |
61 | > [Angular 12 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://bezkoder.com/angular-12-spring-boot-mysql/)
62 |
63 | > [Angular 13 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-13-mysql/)
64 |
65 | > [Angular 14 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-14-mysql/)
66 |
67 | > [Angular 15 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-15-mysql/)
68 |
69 | > [Angular 16 + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-16-mysql/)
70 |
71 | > [Angular 10 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/angular-10-spring-boot-postgresql/)
72 |
73 | > [Angular 11 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/angular-11-spring-boot-postgresql/)
74 |
75 | > [Angular 12 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://bezkoder.com/angular-12-spring-boot-postgresql/)
76 |
77 | > [Angular 13 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-13-postgresql/)
78 |
79 | > [Angular 14 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-14-postgresql/)
80 |
81 | > [Angular 15 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-15-postgresql/)
82 |
83 | > [Angular 16 + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-16-postgresql/)
84 |
85 | > [Angular 13 + Spring Boot + H2 Embedded Database example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-13-crud/)
86 |
87 | > [Angular 14 + Spring Boot + H2 Embedded Database example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-14-crud/)
88 |
89 | > [Angular 15 + Spring Boot + H2 Embedded Database example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-15-crud/)
90 |
91 | > [Angular 16 + Spring Boot + H2 Embedded Database example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-angular-16-crud/)
92 |
93 | > [React Redux + Spring Boot example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-react-redux-example/)
94 |
95 | > [React + Spring Boot + MySQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/react-spring-boot-crud/)
96 |
97 | > [React + Spring Boot + PostgreSQL example](https://www.bezkoder.com/spring-boot-react-postgresql/)
98 |
99 | Run both Back-end & Front-end in one place:
100 | > [Integrate Angular with Spring Boot Rest API](https://www.bezkoder.com/integrate-angular-spring-boot/)
101 |
102 | > [Integrate React with Spring Boot Rest API](https://www.bezkoder.com/integrate-reactjs-spring-boot/)
103 |
104 | > [Integrate Vue with Spring Boot Rest API](https://www.bezkoder.com/integrate-vue-spring-boot/)
105 |
106 | ## Run Spring Boot application
107 | ```
108 | mvn spring-boot:run
109 | ```
110 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/mvnw:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/sh
2 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 | # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
4 | # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
5 | # distributed with this work for additional information
6 | # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
7 | # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
8 | # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
9 | # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
10 | #
11 | # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
12 | #
13 | # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
14 | # software distributed under the License is distributed on an
15 | # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
16 | # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
17 | # specific language governing permissions and limitations
18 | # under the License.
19 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 |
21 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 | # Maven Start Up Batch script
23 | #
24 | # Required ENV vars:
25 | # ------------------
26 | # JAVA_HOME - location of a JDK home dir
27 | #
28 | # Optional ENV vars
29 | # -----------------
30 | # M2_HOME - location of maven2's installed home dir
31 | # MAVEN_OPTS - parameters passed to the Java VM when running Maven
32 | # e.g. to debug Maven itself, use
33 | # set MAVEN_OPTS=-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=8000
34 | # MAVEN_SKIP_RC - flag to disable loading of mavenrc files
35 | # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
36 |
37 | if [ -z "$MAVEN_SKIP_RC" ] ; then
38 |
39 | if [ -f /usr/local/etc/mavenrc ] ; then
40 | . /usr/local/etc/mavenrc
41 | fi
42 |
43 | if [ -f /etc/mavenrc ] ; then
44 | . /etc/mavenrc
45 | fi
46 |
47 | if [ -f "$HOME/.mavenrc" ] ; then
48 | . "$HOME/.mavenrc"
49 | fi
50 |
51 | fi
52 |
53 | # OS specific support. $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
54 | cygwin=false;
55 | darwin=false;
56 | mingw=false
57 | case "`uname`" in
58 | CYGWIN*) cygwin=true ;;
59 | MINGW*) mingw=true;;
60 | Darwin*) darwin=true
61 | # Use /usr/libexec/java_home if available, otherwise fall back to /Library/Java/Home
62 | # See https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/qa/qa1170/_index.html
63 | if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
64 | if [ -x "/usr/libexec/java_home" ]; then
65 | export JAVA_HOME="`/usr/libexec/java_home`"
66 | else
67 | export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/Home"
68 | fi
69 | fi
70 | ;;
71 | esac
72 |
73 | if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
74 | if [ -r /etc/gentoo-release ] ; then
75 | JAVA_HOME=`java-config --jre-home`
76 | fi
77 | fi
78 |
79 | if [ -z "$M2_HOME" ] ; then
80 | ## resolve links - $0 may be a link to maven's home
81 | PRG="$0"
82 |
83 | # need this for relative symlinks
84 | while [ -h "$PRG" ] ; do
85 | ls=`ls -ld "$PRG"`
86 | link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> \(.*\)$'`
87 | if expr "$link" : '/.*' > /dev/null; then
88 | PRG="$link"
89 | else
90 | PRG="`dirname "$PRG"`/$link"
91 | fi
92 | done
93 |
94 | saveddir=`pwd`
95 |
96 | M2_HOME=`dirname "$PRG"`/..
97 |
98 | # make it fully qualified
99 | M2_HOME=`cd "$M2_HOME" && pwd`
100 |
101 | cd "$saveddir"
102 | # echo Using m2 at $M2_HOME
103 | fi
104 |
105 | # For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
106 | if $cygwin ; then
107 | [ -n "$M2_HOME" ] &&
108 | M2_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$M2_HOME"`
109 | [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] &&
110 | JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"`
111 | [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] &&
112 | CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"`
113 | fi
114 |
115 | # For Mingw, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched
116 | if $mingw ; then
117 | [ -n "$M2_HOME" ] &&
118 | M2_HOME="`(cd "$M2_HOME"; pwd)`"
119 | [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] &&
120 | JAVA_HOME="`(cd "$JAVA_HOME"; pwd)`"
121 | fi
122 |
123 | if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
124 | javaExecutable="`which javac`"
125 | if [ -n "$javaExecutable" ] && ! [ "`expr \"$javaExecutable\" : '\([^ ]*\)'`" = "no" ]; then
126 | # readlink(1) is not available as standard on Solaris 10.
127 | readLink=`which readlink`
128 | if [ ! `expr "$readLink" : '\([^ ]*\)'` = "no" ]; then
129 | if $darwin ; then
130 | javaHome="`dirname \"$javaExecutable\"`"
131 | javaExecutable="`cd \"$javaHome\" && pwd -P`/javac"
132 | else
133 | javaExecutable="`readlink -f \"$javaExecutable\"`"
134 | fi
135 | javaHome="`dirname \"$javaExecutable\"`"
136 | javaHome=`expr "$javaHome" : '\(.*\)/bin'`
137 | JAVA_HOME="$javaHome"
138 | export JAVA_HOME
139 | fi
140 | fi
141 | fi
142 |
143 | if [ -z "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
144 | if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
145 | if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
146 | # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
147 | JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
148 | else
149 | JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
150 | fi
151 | else
152 | JAVACMD="`\\unset -f command; \\command -v java`"
153 | fi
154 | fi
155 |
156 | if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
157 | echo "Error: JAVA_HOME is not defined correctly." >&2
158 | echo " We cannot execute $JAVACMD" >&2
159 | exit 1
160 | fi
161 |
162 | if [ -z "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
163 | echo "Warning: JAVA_HOME environment variable is not set."
164 | fi
165 |
166 | CLASSWORLDS_LAUNCHER=org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher
167 |
168 | # traverses directory structure from process work directory to filesystem root
169 | # first directory with .mvn subdirectory is considered project base directory
170 | find_maven_basedir() {
171 |
172 | if [ -z "$1" ]
173 | then
174 | echo "Path not specified to find_maven_basedir"
175 | return 1
176 | fi
177 |
178 | basedir="$1"
179 | wdir="$1"
180 | while [ "$wdir" != '/' ] ; do
181 | if [ -d "$wdir"/.mvn ] ; then
182 | basedir=$wdir
183 | break
184 | fi
185 | # workaround for JBEAP-8937 (on Solaris 10/Sparc)
186 | if [ -d "${wdir}" ]; then
187 | wdir=`cd "$wdir/.."; pwd`
188 | fi
189 | # end of workaround
190 | done
191 | echo "${basedir}"
192 | }
193 |
194 | # concatenates all lines of a file
195 | concat_lines() {
196 | if [ -f "$1" ]; then
197 | echo "$(tr -s '\n' ' ' < "$1")"
198 | fi
199 | }
200 |
201 | BASE_DIR=`find_maven_basedir "$(pwd)"`
202 | if [ -z "$BASE_DIR" ]; then
203 | exit 1;
204 | fi
205 |
206 | ##########################################################################################
207 | # Extension to allow automatically downloading the maven-wrapper.jar from Maven-central
208 | # This allows using the maven wrapper in projects that prohibit checking in binary data.
209 | ##########################################################################################
210 | if [ -r "$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar" ]; then
211 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
212 | echo "Found .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar"
213 | fi
214 | else
215 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
216 | echo "Couldn't find .mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar, downloading it ..."
217 | fi
218 | if [ -n "$MVNW_REPOURL" ]; then
219 | jarUrl="$MVNW_REPOURL/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar"
220 | else
221 | jarUrl="https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar"
222 | fi
223 | while IFS="=" read key value; do
224 | case "$key" in (wrapperUrl) jarUrl="$value"; break ;;
225 | esac
226 | done < "$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties"
227 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
228 | echo "Downloading from: $jarUrl"
229 | fi
230 | wrapperJarPath="$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar"
231 | if $cygwin; then
232 | wrapperJarPath=`cygpath --path --windows "$wrapperJarPath"`
233 | fi
234 |
235 | if command -v wget > /dev/null; then
236 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
237 | echo "Found wget ... using wget"
238 | fi
239 | if [ -z "$MVNW_USERNAME" ] || [ -z "$MVNW_PASSWORD" ]; then
240 | wget "$jarUrl" -O "$wrapperJarPath" || rm -f "$wrapperJarPath"
241 | else
242 | wget --http-user=$MVNW_USERNAME --http-password=$MVNW_PASSWORD "$jarUrl" -O "$wrapperJarPath" || rm -f "$wrapperJarPath"
243 | fi
244 | elif command -v curl > /dev/null; then
245 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
246 | echo "Found curl ... using curl"
247 | fi
248 | if [ -z "$MVNW_USERNAME" ] || [ -z "$MVNW_PASSWORD" ]; then
249 | curl -o "$wrapperJarPath" "$jarUrl" -f
250 | else
251 | curl --user $MVNW_USERNAME:$MVNW_PASSWORD -o "$wrapperJarPath" "$jarUrl" -f
252 | fi
253 |
254 | else
255 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
256 | echo "Falling back to using Java to download"
257 | fi
258 | javaClass="$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/MavenWrapperDownloader.java"
259 | # For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running javac
260 | if $cygwin; then
261 | javaClass=`cygpath --path --windows "$javaClass"`
262 | fi
263 | if [ -e "$javaClass" ]; then
264 | if [ ! -e "$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/MavenWrapperDownloader.class" ]; then
265 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
266 | echo " - Compiling MavenWrapperDownloader.java ..."
267 | fi
268 | # Compiling the Java class
269 | ("$JAVA_HOME/bin/javac" "$javaClass")
270 | fi
271 | if [ -e "$BASE_DIR/.mvn/wrapper/MavenWrapperDownloader.class" ]; then
272 | # Running the downloader
273 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
274 | echo " - Running MavenWrapperDownloader.java ..."
275 | fi
276 | ("$JAVA_HOME/bin/java" -cp .mvn/wrapper MavenWrapperDownloader "$MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR")
277 | fi
278 | fi
279 | fi
280 | fi
281 | ##########################################################################################
282 | # End of extension
283 | ##########################################################################################
284 |
285 | export MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=${MAVEN_BASEDIR:-"$BASE_DIR"}
286 | if [ "$MVNW_VERBOSE" = true ]; then
287 | echo $MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR
288 | fi
289 | MAVEN_OPTS="$(concat_lines "$MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR/.mvn/jvm.config") $MAVEN_OPTS"
290 |
291 | # For Cygwin, switch paths to Windows format before running java
292 | if $cygwin; then
293 | [ -n "$M2_HOME" ] &&
294 | M2_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$M2_HOME"`
295 | [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] &&
296 | JAVA_HOME=`cygpath --path --windows "$JAVA_HOME"`
297 | [ -n "$CLASSPATH" ] &&
298 | CLASSPATH=`cygpath --path --windows "$CLASSPATH"`
299 | [ -n "$MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR" ] &&
300 | MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=`cygpath --path --windows "$MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR"`
301 | fi
302 |
303 | # Provide a "standardized" way to retrieve the CLI args that will
304 | # work with both Windows and non-Windows executions.
305 | MAVEN_CMD_LINE_ARGS="$MAVEN_CONFIG $@"
306 | export MAVEN_CMD_LINE_ARGS
307 |
308 | WRAPPER_LAUNCHER=org.apache.maven.wrapper.MavenWrapperMain
309 |
310 | exec "$JAVACMD" \
311 | $MAVEN_OPTS \
312 | $MAVEN_DEBUG_OPTS \
313 | -classpath "$MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.jar" \
314 | "-Dmaven.home=${M2_HOME}" \
315 | "-Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=${MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR}" \
316 | ${WRAPPER_LAUNCHER} $MAVEN_CONFIG "$@"
317 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/mvnw.cmd:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | @REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 | @REM Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
3 | @REM or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
4 | @REM distributed with this work for additional information
5 | @REM regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
6 | @REM to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
7 | @REM "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
8 | @REM with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
9 | @REM
10 | @REM https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
11 | @REM
12 | @REM Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
13 | @REM software distributed under the License is distributed on an
14 | @REM "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
15 | @REM KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
16 | @REM specific language governing permissions and limitations
17 | @REM under the License.
18 | @REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 |
20 | @REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 | @REM Maven Start Up Batch script
22 | @REM
23 | @REM Required ENV vars:
24 | @REM JAVA_HOME - location of a JDK home dir
25 | @REM
26 | @REM Optional ENV vars
27 | @REM M2_HOME - location of maven2's installed home dir
28 | @REM MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO - set to 'on' to enable the echoing of the batch commands
29 | @REM MAVEN_BATCH_PAUSE - set to 'on' to wait for a keystroke before ending
30 | @REM MAVEN_OPTS - parameters passed to the Java VM when running Maven
31 | @REM e.g. to debug Maven itself, use
32 | @REM set MAVEN_OPTS=-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=y,address=8000
33 | @REM MAVEN_SKIP_RC - flag to disable loading of mavenrc files
34 | @REM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
35 |
36 | @REM Begin all REM lines with '@' in case MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO is 'on'
37 | @echo off
38 | @REM set title of command window
39 | title %0
40 | @REM enable echoing by setting MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO to 'on'
41 | @if "%MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO%" == "on" echo %MAVEN_BATCH_ECHO%
42 |
43 | @REM set %HOME% to equivalent of $HOME
44 | if "%HOME%" == "" (set "HOME=%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%")
45 |
46 | @REM Execute a user defined script before this one
47 | if not "%MAVEN_SKIP_RC%" == "" goto skipRcPre
48 | @REM check for pre script, once with legacy .bat ending and once with .cmd ending
49 | if exist "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_pre.bat" call "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_pre.bat" %*
50 | if exist "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_pre.cmd" call "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_pre.cmd" %*
51 | :skipRcPre
52 |
53 | @setlocal
54 |
55 | set ERROR_CODE=0
56 |
57 | @REM To isolate internal variables from possible post scripts, we use another setlocal
58 | @setlocal
59 |
60 | @REM ==== START VALIDATION ====
61 | if not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto OkJHome
62 |
63 | echo.
64 | echo Error: JAVA_HOME not found in your environment. >&2
65 | echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the >&2
66 | echo location of your Java installation. >&2
67 | echo.
68 | goto error
69 |
70 | :OkJHome
71 | if exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto init
72 |
73 | echo.
74 | echo Error: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory. >&2
75 | echo JAVA_HOME = "%JAVA_HOME%" >&2
76 | echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the >&2
77 | echo location of your Java installation. >&2
78 | echo.
79 | goto error
80 |
81 | @REM ==== END VALIDATION ====
82 |
83 | :init
84 |
85 | @REM Find the project base dir, i.e. the directory that contains the folder ".mvn".
86 | @REM Fallback to current working directory if not found.
87 |
88 | set MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=%MAVEN_BASEDIR%
89 | IF NOT "%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%"=="" goto endDetectBaseDir
90 |
91 | set EXEC_DIR=%CD%
92 | set WDIR=%EXEC_DIR%
93 | :findBaseDir
94 | IF EXIST "%WDIR%"\.mvn goto baseDirFound
95 | cd ..
96 | IF "%WDIR%"=="%CD%" goto baseDirNotFound
97 | set WDIR=%CD%
98 | goto findBaseDir
99 |
100 | :baseDirFound
101 | set MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=%WDIR%
102 | cd "%EXEC_DIR%"
103 | goto endDetectBaseDir
104 |
105 | :baseDirNotFound
106 | set MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR=%EXEC_DIR%
107 | cd "%EXEC_DIR%"
108 |
109 | :endDetectBaseDir
110 |
111 | IF NOT EXIST "%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%\.mvn\jvm.config" goto endReadAdditionalConfig
112 |
113 | @setlocal EnableExtensions EnableDelayedExpansion
114 | for /F "usebackq delims=" %%a in ("%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%\.mvn\jvm.config") do set JVM_CONFIG_MAVEN_PROPS=!JVM_CONFIG_MAVEN_PROPS! %%a
115 | @endlocal & set JVM_CONFIG_MAVEN_PROPS=%JVM_CONFIG_MAVEN_PROPS%
116 |
117 | :endReadAdditionalConfig
118 |
119 | SET MAVEN_JAVA_EXE="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe"
120 | set WRAPPER_JAR="%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%\.mvn\wrapper\maven-wrapper.jar"
121 | set WRAPPER_LAUNCHER=org.apache.maven.wrapper.MavenWrapperMain
122 |
123 | set DOWNLOAD_URL="https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar"
124 |
125 | FOR /F "usebackq tokens=1,2 delims==" %%A IN ("%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%\.mvn\wrapper\maven-wrapper.properties") DO (
126 | IF "%%A"=="wrapperUrl" SET DOWNLOAD_URL=%%B
127 | )
128 |
129 | @REM Extension to allow automatically downloading the maven-wrapper.jar from Maven-central
130 | @REM This allows using the maven wrapper in projects that prohibit checking in binary data.
131 | if exist %WRAPPER_JAR% (
132 | if "%MVNW_VERBOSE%" == "true" (
133 | echo Found %WRAPPER_JAR%
134 | )
135 | ) else (
136 | if not "%MVNW_REPOURL%" == "" (
137 | SET DOWNLOAD_URL="%MVNW_REPOURL%/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar"
138 | )
139 | if "%MVNW_VERBOSE%" == "true" (
140 | echo Couldn't find %WRAPPER_JAR%, downloading it ...
141 | echo Downloading from: %DOWNLOAD_URL%
142 | )
143 |
144 | powershell -Command "&{"^
145 | "$webclient = new-object System.Net.WebClient;"^
146 | "if (-not ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty('%MVNW_USERNAME%') -and [string]::IsNullOrEmpty('%MVNW_PASSWORD%'))) {"^
147 | "$webclient.Credentials = new-object System.Net.NetworkCredential('%MVNW_USERNAME%', '%MVNW_PASSWORD%');"^
148 | "}"^
149 | "[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12; $webclient.DownloadFile('%DOWNLOAD_URL%', '%WRAPPER_JAR%')"^
150 | "}"
151 | if "%MVNW_VERBOSE%" == "true" (
152 | echo Finished downloading %WRAPPER_JAR%
153 | )
154 | )
155 | @REM End of extension
156 |
157 | @REM Provide a "standardized" way to retrieve the CLI args that will
158 | @REM work with both Windows and non-Windows executions.
159 | set MAVEN_CMD_LINE_ARGS=%*
160 |
161 | %MAVEN_JAVA_EXE% ^
162 | %JVM_CONFIG_MAVEN_PROPS% ^
163 | %MAVEN_OPTS% ^
164 | %MAVEN_DEBUG_OPTS% ^
165 | -classpath %WRAPPER_JAR% ^
166 | "-Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=%MAVEN_PROJECTBASEDIR%" ^
167 | %WRAPPER_LAUNCHER% %MAVEN_CONFIG% %*
168 | if ERRORLEVEL 1 goto error
169 | goto end
170 |
171 | :error
172 | set ERROR_CODE=1
173 |
174 | :end
175 | @endlocal & set ERROR_CODE=%ERROR_CODE%
176 |
177 | if not "%MAVEN_SKIP_RC%"=="" goto skipRcPost
178 | @REM check for post script, once with legacy .bat ending and once with .cmd ending
179 | if exist "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_post.bat" call "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_post.bat"
180 | if exist "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_post.cmd" call "%USERPROFILE%\mavenrc_post.cmd"
181 | :skipRcPost
182 |
183 | @REM pause the script if MAVEN_BATCH_PAUSE is set to 'on'
184 | if "%MAVEN_BATCH_PAUSE%"=="on" pause
185 |
186 | if "%MAVEN_TERMINATE_CMD%"=="on" exit %ERROR_CODE%
187 |
188 | cmd /C exit /B %ERROR_CODE%
189 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/pom.xml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
4 | 4.0.0
5 |
6 | org.springframework.boot
7 | spring-boot-starter-parent
8 | 3.1.0
9 |
10 |
11 | com.bezkoder
12 | spring-jpa-native-query-example
13 | 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
14 | spring-jpa-native-query-example
15 | Spring Data JPA Native Query example in Spring Boot
16 |
17 | 17
18 |
19 |
20 |
21 | org.springframework.boot
22 | spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
23 |
24 |
25 |
26 | com.h2database
27 | h2
28 | runtime
29 |
30 |
31 | org.springframework.boot
32 | spring-boot-starter-test
33 | test
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
38 |
39 |
40 | org.springframework.boot
41 | spring-boot-maven-plugin
42 |
43 |
44 |
45 |
46 |
47 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/main/java/com/bezkoder/spring/jpa/query/SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query;
2 |
3 | import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
4 | import java.util.ArrayList;
5 | import java.util.Date;
6 | import java.util.List;
7 |
8 | import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
9 | import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
10 | import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
11 | import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
12 | import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
13 | import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
14 | import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
15 |
16 | import com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.model.Tutorial;
17 | import com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.repository.TutorialRepository;
18 |
19 | @SpringBootApplication
20 | public class SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication implements CommandLineRunner {
21 |
22 | @Autowired
23 | TutorialRepository tutorialRepository;
24 |
25 | public static void main(String[] args) {
26 | SpringApplication.run(SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplication.class, args);
27 | }
28 |
29 | @Override
30 | public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
31 | tutorialRepository.deleteAll();
32 |
33 | Date date1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-03-11");
34 | Date date2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-04-26");
35 | Date date3 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-19");
36 |
37 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Data", "Spring Data Description", 3, true, date1));
38 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Java Spring Boot", "Spring Framework Description", 1, false, date1));
39 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Hibernate", "Hibernate ORM Description", 3, true, date2));
40 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Boot", "Spring Boot Description", 2, false, date2));
41 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring JPA", "Spring Data JPA Description", 3, true, date3));
42 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Batch", "Spring Batch Description", 4, true, date3));
43 | tutorialRepository.save(new Tutorial("Spring Security", "Spring Security Description", 5, false, date3));
44 |
45 | List tutorials = new ArrayList<>();
46 |
47 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAll();
48 | show(tutorials);
49 |
50 | tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(0).getId());
51 | tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(2).getId());
52 | tutorialRepository.publishTutorial(tutorials.get(4).getId());
53 |
54 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(true);
55 | show(tutorials);
56 |
57 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("ata");
58 | show(tutorials);
59 |
60 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLikeCaseInsensitive("dat");
61 | show(tutorials);
62 |
63 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelGreaterThanEqual(3);
64 | show(tutorials);
65 |
66 | Date myDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-11");
67 |
68 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByDateGreaterThanEqual(myDate);
69 | show(tutorials);
70 |
71 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelBetween(3, 5);
72 | show(tutorials);
73 |
74 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByLevelBetween(3, 5, true);
75 | show(tutorials);
76 |
77 | Date myDate1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-04-11");
78 | Date myDate2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse("2022-05-11");
79 |
80 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByDateBetween(myDate1, myDate2);
81 | show(tutorials);
82 |
83 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleContainingOrDescriptionContainingCaseInsensitive("data");
84 | show(tutorials);
85 |
86 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleContainingCaseInsensitiveAndPublished("spring", true);
87 | show(tutorials);
88 |
89 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllOrderByLevelDesc();
90 | show(tutorials);
91 |
92 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleOrderByLevelAsc("at");
93 | show(tutorials);
94 |
95 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllPublishedOrderByCreatedDesc();
96 | show(tutorials);
97 |
98 | Pageable pageable1 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("level").descending());
99 |
100 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("at", pageable1).getContent();
101 | show(tutorials);
102 |
103 | Pageable pageable2 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("title").descending());
104 |
105 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("at", pageable2).getContent();
106 | show(tutorials);
107 |
108 | Pageable pageable3 = PageRequest.of(0, 1000, Sort.by("level").descending());
109 |
110 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(false, pageable3).getContent();
111 | show(tutorials);
112 |
113 | int page = 0;
114 | int size = 3;
115 |
116 | Pageable pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size);
117 |
118 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllWithPagination(pageable).getContent();
119 | show(tutorials);
120 |
121 | pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.by("level").descending());
122 |
123 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findAllWithPagination(pageable).getContent();
124 | show(tutorials);
125 |
126 | pageable = PageRequest.of(0, 3);
127 |
128 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByTitleLike("ring", pageable).getContent();
129 | show(tutorials);
130 |
131 | pageable = PageRequest.of(page, size, Sort.by("level").descending());
132 |
133 | tutorials = tutorialRepository.findByPublished(false, pageable).getContent();
134 | show(tutorials);
135 | }
136 |
137 | private void show(List tutorials) {
138 | tutorials.forEach(System.out::println);
139 | }
140 | }
141 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/main/java/com/bezkoder/spring/jpa/query/model/Tutorial.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.model;
2 |
3 | import jakarta.persistence.*;
4 | import java.util.Date;
5 |
6 | @Entity
7 | @Table(name = "tutorials")
8 | public class Tutorial {
9 |
10 | @Id
11 | @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
12 | private long id;
13 |
14 | private String title;
15 |
16 | private String description;
17 |
18 | private int level;
19 |
20 | private boolean published;
21 |
22 | @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
23 | private Date createdAt;
24 |
25 | public Tutorial() {
26 |
27 | }
28 |
29 | public Tutorial(String title, String description, int level, boolean published, Date createdAt) {
30 | this.title = title;
31 | this.description = description;
32 | this.level = level;
33 | this.published = published;
34 | this.createdAt = createdAt;
35 | }
36 |
37 | public long getId() {
38 | return id;
39 | }
40 |
41 | public String getTitle() {
42 | return title;
43 | }
44 |
45 | public void setTitle(String title) {
46 | this.title = title;
47 | }
48 |
49 | public String getDescription() {
50 | return description;
51 | }
52 |
53 | public void setDescription(String description) {
54 | this.description = description;
55 | }
56 |
57 | public int getLevel() {
58 | return level;
59 | }
60 |
61 | public void setLevel(int level) {
62 | this.level = level;
63 | }
64 |
65 | public boolean isPublished() {
66 | return published;
67 | }
68 |
69 | public void setPublished(boolean isPublished) {
70 | this.published = isPublished;
71 | }
72 |
73 | public Date getCreatedAt() {
74 | return createdAt;
75 | }
76 |
77 | public void setCreatedAt(Date createdAt) {
78 | this.createdAt = createdAt;
79 | }
80 |
81 | @Override
82 | public String toString() {
83 | return "Tutorial [id=" + id + ", title=" + title + ", description=" + description + ", level=" + level + ", published=" + published + ", createdAt=" + createdAt + "]";
84 | }
85 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/main/java/com/bezkoder/spring/jpa/query/repository/TutorialRepository.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.repository;
2 |
3 | import java.util.Date;
4 | import java.util.List;
5 |
6 | import jakarta.transaction.Transactional;
7 |
8 | import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
9 | import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
10 | import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.*;
11 | import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
12 |
13 | import com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query.model.Tutorial;
14 |
15 | public interface TutorialRepository extends JpaRepository {
16 |
17 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials", nativeQuery = true)
18 | List findAll();
19 |
20 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=?1", nativeQuery = true)
21 | List findByPublished(boolean isPublished);
22 |
23 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.title LIKE %?1%", nativeQuery = true)
24 | List findByTitleLike(String title);
25 |
26 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
27 | List findByTitleLikeCaseInsensitive(String title);
28 |
29 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.level >= ?1", nativeQuery = true)
30 | List findByLevelGreaterThanEqual(int level);
31 |
32 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.created_at >= ?1", nativeQuery = true)
33 | List findByDateGreaterThanEqual(Date date);
34 |
35 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.level BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2", nativeQuery = true)
36 | List findByLevelBetween(int start, int end);
37 |
38 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.created_at BETWEEN ?1 AND ?2", nativeQuery = true)
39 | List findByDateBetween(Date start, Date end);
40 |
41 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=:isPublished AND t.level BETWEEN :start AND :end", nativeQuery = true)
42 | List findByLevelBetween(@Param("start") int start, @Param("end") int end, @Param("isPublished") boolean isPublished);
43 |
44 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :keyword,'%')) OR LOWER(t.description) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :keyword,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
45 | List findByTitleContainingOrDescriptionContainingCaseInsensitive(String keyword);
46 |
47 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', :title,'%')) AND t.published=:isPublished", nativeQuery = true)
48 | List findByTitleContainingCaseInsensitiveAndPublished(String title, boolean isPublished);
49 |
50 | @Transactional
51 | @Modifying
52 | @Query(value = "UPDATE tutorials SET published=true WHERE id=?1", nativeQuery = true)
53 | int publishTutorial(Long id);
54 |
55 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t ORDER BY t.level DESC", nativeQuery = true)
56 | List findAllOrderByLevelDesc();
57 |
58 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%')) ORDER BY t.level ASC", nativeQuery = true)
59 | List findByTitleOrderByLevelAsc(String title);
60 |
61 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=true ORDER BY t.created_at DESC", nativeQuery = true)
62 | List findAllPublishedOrderByCreatedDesc();
63 |
64 | /* InvalidJpaQueryMethodException
65 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
66 | List findByTitleAndSort(String title, Sort sort);
67 | */
68 |
69 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE LOWER(t.title) LIKE LOWER(CONCAT('%', ?1,'%'))", nativeQuery = true)
70 | Page findByTitleLike(String title, Pageable pageable);
71 |
72 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials t WHERE t.published=?1", nativeQuery = true)
73 | Page findByPublished(boolean isPublished, Pageable pageable);
74 |
75 | @Query(value = "SELECT * FROM tutorials", nativeQuery = true)
76 | Page findAllWithPagination(Pageable pageable);
77 | }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/main/resources/application.properties:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | spring.h2.console.enabled=true
2 | # default path: h2-console
3 | spring.h2.console.path=/h2-ui
4 |
5 | spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:file:./testdb
6 | spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
7 | spring.datasource.username=sa
8 | spring.datasource.password=
9 |
10 | spring.jpa.show-sql=true
11 | spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
12 | spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto= update
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/src/test/java/com/bezkoder/spring/jpa/query/SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplicationTests.java:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | package com.bezkoder.spring.jpa.query;
2 |
3 | import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
4 | import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
5 |
6 | @SpringBootTest
7 | class SpringJpaNativeQueryExampleApplicationTests {
8 |
9 | @Test
10 | void contextLoads() {
11 | }
12 |
13 | }
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------