├── README.md
├── chapter_02
    ├── 100～200不能被3整除的数 P51.cpp
    ├── 习题2-16 输入一个数并显示.cpp
    ├── 习题2-26 现在正在下雨吗.cpp
    ├── 习题2-27 考了多少分.cpp
    ├── 例2-1 Hello C++.cpp
    ├── 例2-10 统计正负数个数.cpp
    ├── 例2-11 体育比赛.cpp
    ├── 例2-2判断是否闰年.cpp
    ├── 例2-3比较两数大小.cpp
    ├── 例2-4 转换星期输出.cpp
    ├── 例2-5 1～10累加.cpp
    ├── 例2-6 数字反转输出.cpp
    ├── 例2-7 求和1-10dowhile.cpp
    ├── 例2-8 求因子.cpp
    ├── 例2-9输出图案.cpp
    ├── 循环结构嵌套.cpp
    ├── 比较while和dowhile1 P47.cpp
    └── 比较while和dowhile2 P47.cpp
├── chapter_03
    ├── 例3-1 求x的n次方.cpp
    ├── 例3-10 汉诺塔问题.cpp
    ├── 例3-11 两个数交换次序输出（值传递）.cpp
    ├── 例3-12 两个数交换次序输出（引用传递）.cpp
    ├── 例3-13 值传递与引用传递的比较.cpp
    ├── 例3-14 内联函数求圆面积.cpp
    ├── 例3-15 带默认形参值的函数举例 求长方体体积.cpp
    ├── 例3-16 重载函数举例 求平方和.cpp
    ├── 例3-17 输出三角函数值.cpp
    ├── 例3-2 二进制转十进制.cpp
    ├── 例3-3 求PI的值.cpp
    ├── 例3-4 求11～999的回文数.cpp
    ├── 例3-5 分段函数.cpp
    ├── 例3-6 投骰子游戏.cpp
    ├── 例3-7 求两数平方和.cpp
    ├── 例3-8 求n的阶乘.cpp
    └── 例3-9 n个人里选k个人的组合数.cpp
├── chapter_04
    ├── 例4-1 Clock类.cpp
    ├── 例4-10 结构体存储成绩信息.cpp
    ├── 例4-2 Point类.cpp
    ├── 例4-3 游泳池改造预算 Circle类.cpp
    ├── 例4-4 类的组合Line类.cpp
    ├── 例4-7 结构体表示学生信息.cpp
    ├── 例4-8 联合体保存成绩信息.cpp
    └── 例4-9 个人银行账户管理程序.cpp
├── chapter_05
    ├── 例5-1 作用域实例.cpp
    ├── 例5-10 具有静态数据、函数成员的Point类，多文件组织
    │   ├── Point.h
    │   ├── 例5-10 具有静态数据、函数成员的Point类，多文件组织.dev
    │   ├── 文件2类实现.cpp
    │   └── 文件3主函数.cpp
    ├── 例5-11 个人银行账户管理程序
    │   ├── 5_11.cpp
    │   ├── account.cpp
    │   ├── account.h
    │   └── 例5-11 个人银行账户管理程序.dev
    ├── 例5-2 变量的生存期与可见性.cpp
    ├── 例5-3 具有静态和动态生存期对象的时钟程序.cpp
    ├── 例5-4 具有静态数据成员的Point类.cpp
    ├── 例5-5 具有静态数据和函数成员的Point类.cpp
    ├── 例5-6 使用友元函数计算两点间的距离.cpp
    ├── 例5-7 常成员函数举例.cpp
    ├── 例5-8 常数据成员举例.cpp
    └── 例5-9 常引用作形参.cpp
├── chapter_06
    ├── 例6-1 数组的声明与使用.cpp
    ├── 例6-10 整数部分小数部分分别输出.cpp
    ├── 例6-11 函数指针实例.cpp
    ├── 例6-12 使用指针来访问Point类的成员.cpp
    ├── 例6-13 访问对象公有成员函数的不同方式.cpp
    ├── 例6-14 通过指针访问类的静态数据成员.cpp
    ├── 例6-15 通过指针访问类的静态函数成员.cpp
    ├── 例6-16 动态创建对象.cpp
    ├── 例6-17 动态创建对象数组.cpp
    ├── 例6-18 动态数组类.cpp
    ├── 例6-19 动态创建多维数组.cpp
    ├── 例6-2 使用数组名作为函数参数.cpp
    ├── 例6-20 vector应用举例.cpp
    ├── 例6-21 对象的浅复制.cpp
    ├── 例6-22 对象的深复制.cpp
    ├── 例6-23 string类应用举例.cpp
    ├── 例6-24 用getline输入字符串.cpp
    ├── 例6-25 个人银行账户管理程序改进
    │   ├── 6_25.cpp
    │   ├── account.cpp
    │   ├── account.h
    │   ├── date.cpp
    │   ├── date.h
    │   └── 例6-25 个人银行账户管理程序改进.dev
    ├── 例6-3 对象数组应用举例
    │   ├── 6_3.cpp
    │   ├── Point.cpp
    │   ├── Point.h
    │   └── 例6-3 对象数组应用举例.dev
    ├── 例6-4 利用Point类进行点的线性组合
    │   ├── 6_4.cpp
    │   ├── Point.h
    │   └── 例6-4 利用Point类进行点的线性组合.dev
    ├── 例6-5 指针的定义、赋值与使用.cpp
    ├── 例6-6 void类型指针的使用.cpp
    ├── 例6-7 三种方法输出int型数组
    │   ├── 法一 使用数组名和下标.cpp
    │   ├── 法三 使用指针变量.cpp
    │   └── 法二 数组名和指针运算.cpp
    ├── 例6-8 利用指针数组输出单位矩阵.cpp
    └── 例6-9 二维数组举例.cpp
├── chapter_07
    ├── 例7-1 Point类公有继承
    │   ├── 7_1.cpp
    │   ├── Point.h
    │   ├── Rectangle.h
    │   └── 例7-1 Point类公有继承.dev
    ├── 例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序
    │   ├── 7_10.cpp
    │   ├── account.cpp
    │   ├── account.h
    │   ├── accumulator.h
    │   ├── date.cpp
    │   ├── date.h
    │   └── 例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序.dev
    ├── 例7-2 Point类私有继承
    │   ├── 7_2.cpp
    │   ├── Point.h
    │   ├── Rectangle.h
    │   └── 例7-2 Point类私有继承.dev
    ├── 例7-3 类型兼容规则实例.cpp
    ├── 例7-4 派生类构造函数举例（多继承、含有内嵌对象）.cpp
    ├── 例7-5 派生类析构函数举例（多继承、含有嵌入对象）.cpp
    ├── 例7-6 多继承同名隐藏举例（1）.cpp
    ├── 例7-7 多继承同名隐藏举例（2）.cpp
    ├── 例7-8 虚基类举例.cpp
    ├── 例7-8-2 虚基类声明带参数的构造函数.cpp
    └── 例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组
    │   ├── 7_9.cpp
    │   ├── LinearEqu.cpp
    │   ├── LinearEqu.h
    │   ├── Matrix.cpp
    │   ├── Matrix.h
    │   └── 例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组.dev
├── chapter_08
    ├── 例8-1 复数类加减法运算重载为成员函数形式.cpp
    ├── 例8-10 typeid用法示例.cpp
    ├── 例8-2 将单目运算符“++”重载为成员函数形式.cpp
    ├── 例8-3 以非成员函数形式重载Complex的加减法运算和左移运算符.cpp
    ├── 例8-4 虚函数成员.cpp
    ├── 例8-5 虚析构函数举例.cpp
    ├── 例8-6 抽象类举例.cpp
    ├── 例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求函数的定积分
    │   ├── 8_7.cpp
    │   ├── Trapzint.cpp
    │   ├── Trapzint.h
    │   └── 例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求解函数的定积分.dev
    ├── 例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进
    │   ├── 8_8.cpp
    │   ├── account.cpp
    │   ├── account.h
    │   ├── accumulator.h
    │   ├── date.cpp
    │   ├── date.h
    │   └── 例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进.dev
    └── 例8-9 dynamic_cast用法示例.cpp
└── chapter_09
    ├── 例9-1 函数模板的示例.cpp
    └── 例9-2 类模板应用举例.cpp


/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Cpp_4th
2 | 清华大学计算机系列教材 《C++语言程序设计（第4版）》 郑莉 董渊 何江舟 编著  清华大学出版社
3 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/100～200不能被3整除的数 P51.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | int main(){
 4 | 	for(int n=100;n<=200;n++){
 5 | 		if(n%3!=0)
 6 | 		    cout<<n<<endl;
 7 | 	}
 8 | 	return 0;
 9 | }
10 | 


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/chapter_02/习题2-16 输入一个数并显示.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //习题2-16.提示输入一个数，再把这个数字显示出来 
 2 | 
 3 | #include <iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | int main(){
 7 | 	int a;
 8 | 	cout<<"请输入一个数：";
 9 | 	cin>>a;
10 | 	cout<<"这个数为："<<a<<endl;
11 | 	return 0; 
12 | }
13 | 


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/chapter_02/习题2-26 现在正在下雨吗.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //习题2-26.向用户提问“现在正在下雨吗？”，提示用户输入Y或N。
 2 | //若输入为Y，显示“现在正在下雨。”；
 3 | //若输入为N，显示“现在没有下雨。”；
 4 | //否则继续提问“现在正在下雨吗？”。 
 5 | 
 6 | #include<iostream>
 7 | using namespace std;
 8 | 
 9 | int main(){
10 | 	char que;
11 | 	cout<<"现在下雨吗？（请输入Y或N）"<<endl;
12 | 	cin>>que;
13 | 	while(que){
14 | 	if(que=='Y'){
15 | 	    cout<<"现在正在下雨。";
16 | 	    break;
17 | 	}
18 | 	else if(que=='N'){
19 | 	    cout<<"现在没有下雨。";
20 | 	    break;
21 | 	}
22 | 	else
23 | 	    cout<<"现在下雨吗？（请输入Y或N）"<<endl;
24 | 	    cin>>que;
25 | 	    continue;
26 | 	}
27 | 	return 0;
28 | }
29 | 


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/chapter_02/习题2-27 考了多少分.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //习题2-27.向用户提问“你考试考了多少分？（0～100）”，接受输入后判断其等级显示出来。规则如下：
 2 | //优（90～100）、良（80～90）、中（60～80）、差（0～60）。 
 3 | 
 4 | 
 5 | 
 6 | 
 7 | #include<iostream>
 8 | using namespace std;
 9 | 
10 | int main(){
11 | 	int score;
12 | 	cout<<"你考试考了多少分？（0～100）"<<endl;
13 | 	cin>>score;
14 | 	if(score>=90&&score<=100)
15 | 	    cout<<"优"<<endl;
16 | 	else if(score>=80&&score<90)
17 | 	    cout<<"良"<<endl;
18 | 	else if(score>=60&&score<80)
19 | 	    cout<<"中"<<endl;
20 | 	else
21 | 	    cout<<"差"<<endl;
22 | 	return 0; 
23 | } 
24 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-1 Hello C++.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #include <iostream>
2 | using namespace std;
3 | int main(){
4 | 	cout<<"Hello!"<<endl;
5 | 	cout<<"Welcome to C++!"<<endl;
6 | 	return 0;
7 | }
8 | 


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/chapter_02/例2-10 统计正负数个数.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int i=0,j=0,n;
 6 | 	cout<<"Enter some integers please(enter 0 to quit):"<<endl;
 7 | 	cin>>n;
 8 | 	while(n!=0){
 9 | 		if(n>0) i+=1;
10 | 		if(n<0) j+=1;
11 | 		cin>>n;
12 | 	}
13 | 	
14 | 	cout<<"Count of positive integers: "<<i<<endl;
15 | 	cout<<"Count of negative integers: "<<j<<endl;
16 | 	return 0;
17 | }
18 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-11 体育比赛.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | enum GameResult {WIN,LOSE,TIE,CANCEL};
 5 | 
 6 | int main(){
 7 | 	GameResult result;
 8 | 	enum GameResult omit=CANCEL;
 9 | 	
10 | 	for(int count=WIN;count<=CANCEL;count++){
11 | 		result=GameResult(count);
12 | 		if(result==omit)
13 | 		    cout<<"The game was cancelled"<<endl;
14 | 		else{
15 | 			cout<<"The game was played ";
16 | 			if(result==WIN)
17 | 			    cout<<"and we won!";
18 | 			if(result==LOSE)
19 | 			    cout<<"and we lost.";
20 | 			cout<<endl;
21 | 		}
22 | 	}
23 | 	return 0;
24 | }
25 | 


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/chapter_02/例2-2判断是否闰年.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | int main(){
 4 | 	int year;
 5 | 	bool isLeapYear;
 6 | 	
 7 | 	cout<<"Enter the year:";
 8 | 	cin>>year;
 9 | 	isLeapYear=((year%4==0&&year%100!=0)||(year%400==0));
10 | 	 
11 | 	if(isLeapYear)
12 | 	    cout<<year<<" is a leap year"<<endl;
13 | 	else
14 | 	    cout<<year<<" is not a leap year"<<endl;
15 | 	return 0;
16 | }
17 | 


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/chapter_02/例2-3比较两数大小.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //比较两个数的大小 
 2 | 
 3 | #include <iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | int main(){
 6 | 	int x,y;
 7 | 	cout<<"Enter x and y:";
 8 | 	cin>>x>>y;
 9 | 	
10 | 	if(x!=y)
11 | 	    if(x>y)
12 | 	        cout<<"x>y"<<endl;
13 | 	    else
14 | 	        cout<<"x<y"<<endl;
15 | 	else
16 | 	    cout<<"x=y"<<endl;
17 | 	return 0;
18 | } 
19 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-4 转换星期输出.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | int main(){
 4 | 	int day;
 5 | 	
 6 | 	cin>>day;
 7 | 	switch (day){
 8 | 		case 0:
 9 | 			cout<<"Sunday"<<endl;
10 | 			break;
11 | 		case 1:
12 | 			cout<<"Monday"<<endl;
13 | 		    break;
14 | 		case 2:
15 | 			cout<<"Tuesday"<<endl;
16 | 			break;
17 | 		case 3:
18 | 		    cout<<"Wednesday"<<endl;
19 | 		    break;
20 | 		case 4:
21 | 			cout<<"Thursday"<<endl;
22 | 			break;
23 | 		case 5:
24 | 			cout<<"Friday"<<endl;
25 | 			break;
26 | 		case 6:
27 | 		    cout<<"Saturday"<<endl;
28 | 			break;
29 | 		default:
30 | 		    cout<<"Day out of range Sunday---Saturday"<<endl;
31 | 			break; 
32 | 	}
33 | 	return 0;
34 | }
35 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-5 1～10累加.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | int main(){
 4 | 	int i=1,sum=0;
 5 | 	while(i<=10){
 6 | 		sum+=i;
 7 | 		i++;
 8 | 	}
 9 | 	cout<<"sum="<<sum<<endl;
10 | 	return 0;
11 | } 
12 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-6 数字反转输出.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int n,right_digit,newnum=0;
 6 | 	cout<<"Enter the number:"; 
 7 | 	cin>>n;
 8 | 	
 9 | 	cout<<"The number in reverse order is:";
10 | 	do{
11 | 		right_digit=n%10;
12 | 		cout<<right_digit;
13 | 		n/=10;
14 | 	}while(n!=0);
15 | 	cout<<endl;
16 | 	
17 | 	return 0;
18 | }
19 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-7 求和1-10dowhile.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int i=1,sum=0;
 6 | 	do{
 7 | 		sum+=i;
 8 | 		i++;
 9 | 	}while(i<=10);
10 | 	cout<<"sum="<<sum<<endl;
11 | 	
12 | 	return 0;
13 | }
14 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-8 求因子.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int n;
 6 | 	
 7 | 	cout<<"Enter a positive integer:";
 8 | 	cin>>n;
 9 | 	cout<<"Number "<<n<<" factors ";
10 | 	
11 | 	for(int k=1;k<=n;k++)
12 | 	    if(n%k==0)
13 | 	        cout<<k<<" ";
14 | 	cout<<endl;
15 | 	
16 | 	return 0;
17 | }
18 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/例2-9输出图案.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	const int N=4;
 6 | 	for(int i=1;i<=N;i++){
 7 | 	    for(int j=1;j<=30;j++)
 8 | 	        cout<<' ';
 9 | 	    for(int j=1;j<=8-2*i;j++)
10 | 	        cout<<' ';
11 | 	    for(int j=1;j<=2*i-1;j++)
12 | 	        cout<<'*';
13 | 			cout<<endl;
14 | 	}
15 | 	for(int i=1;i<=N-1;i++){
16 | 		for(int j=1;j<=30;j++)
17 | 		    cout<<' ';
18 | 		for(int j=1;j<=7-2*i;j++)
19 | 		    cout<<'*';
20 | 		cout<<endl;
21 | 	}
22 | 	return 0;
23 | }
24 | 


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/chapter_02/循环结构嵌套.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include <iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | int main() {
 4 | 	int i=1,a=0;
 5 | 	for (;i<=5;i++){
 6 | 		do {
 7 | 			i++;
 8 | 			a++;
 9 | 		} while(i<3); 
10 | 		i++;
11 | 	}
12 | 	cout<<a<<","<<i<<endl;
13 | 	return 0;	
14 | }
15 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/比较while和dowhile1 P47.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int i,sum=0;
 6 | 	cin>>i;
 7 | 	while(i<=10){
 8 | 		sum+=i;
 9 | 		i++;
10 | 	}
11 | 	cout<<"sum="<<sum<<endl;
12 | }
13 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_02/比较while和dowhile2 P47.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int main(){
 5 | 	int i,sum=0;
 6 | 	cin>>i;
 7 |     do{
 8 | 		sum+=i;
 9 | 		i++;
10 | 	}while(i<=10);
11 | 	cout<<"sum="<<sum<<endl;
12 | }
13 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-1 求x的n次方.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | double power(double x,int n){
 5 | 	double val=1.0;
 6 | 	while(n--)
 7 | 	    val*=x;
 8 | 	return val;
 9 | }
10 | 
11 | int main(){
12 | 	cout<<"5 to the power 2 is "<<power(5,2)<<endl;
13 | 	return 0;
14 | }
15 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-10 汉诺塔问题.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | void move(char src,char dest){
 5 | 	cout<<src<<"-->"<<dest<<endl;
 6 | }
 7 | 
 8 | void hanoi(int n,char src,char medium,char dest){
 9 | 	if(n==1)
10 | 	    move(src,dest);
11 | 	else{
12 | 		hanoi(n-1,src,dest,medium);
13 | 		move(src,dest);
14 | 		hanoi(n-1,medium,src,dest);
15 | 	}
16 | }
17 | 
18 | int main(){
19 | 	int m;
20 | 	cout<<"Enter the number of diskes: ";
21 | 	cin>>m;
22 | 	cout<<"the steps to moving "<<m<<" diskes:"<<endl;
23 | 	hanoi(m,'A','B','C');
24 | 	return 0;
25 | }
26 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-11 两个数交换次序输出（值传递）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | void swap(int a,int b){
 5 | 	int t=a;
 6 | 	a=b;
 7 | 	b=t;
 8 | } 
 9 | 
10 | int main(){
11 | 	int x=5,y=10;
12 | 	cout<<"x="<<x<<"    y="<<y<<endl;
13 | 	swap(x,y);
14 | 	cout<<"x="<<x<<"    y="<<y<<endl;
15 | 	return 0;
16 | }
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-12 两个数交换次序输出（引用传递）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | void swap(int &a,int &b){
 5 | 	int t=a;
 6 | 	a=b;
 7 | 	b=t;
 8 | } 
 9 | 
10 | int main(){
11 | 	int x=5,y=10;
12 | 	cout<<"x="<<x<<"    y="<<y<<endl;
13 | 	swap(x,y);
14 | 	cout<<"x="<<x<<"    y="<<y<<endl;
15 | 	return 0;
16 | }
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-13 值传递与引用传递的比较.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<iomanip>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | void fiddle(int in1,int &in2){
 6 | 	in1=in1+100;
 7 | 	in2=in2+100;
 8 | 	cout<<"The values are ";
 9 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<in1;
10 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<in2<<endl;
11 | }
12 | 
13 | int main(){
14 | 	int v1=7,v2=12;
15 | 	cout<<"The values are ";
16 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<v1;
17 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<v2<<endl;
18 | 	fiddle(v1,v2);
19 | 	cout<<"The values are ";
20 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<v1;
21 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<v2<<endl;
22 | 	return 0;
23 | }
24 | 
25 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-14 内联函数求圆面积.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | const double PI=3.14159265358979;
 5 | 
 6 | inline double calArea(double radius){
 7 | 	return PI*radius*radius;
 8 | } 
 9 | 
10 | int main(){
11 | 	double r=3.0;
12 | 	double area=calArea(r);
13 | 	cout<<area<<endl;
14 | 	return 0;
15 | }
16 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-15 带默认形参值的函数举例 求长方体体积.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<iomanip>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | int getVolume(int length,int width=2,int height=3);
 6 | 
 7 | int main(){
 8 | 	const int X=10,Y=12,Z=15;
 9 | 	cout<<"Some box data is ";
10 | 	cout<<getVolume(X,Y,Z)<<endl;
11 | 	cout<<"Some box data is ";
12 | 	cout<<getVolume(X,Y)<<endl;
13 | 	cout<<"Some box data is ";
14 | 	cout<<getVolume(X)<<endl;
15 | 	return 0;
16 | }
17 | 
18 | int getVolume(int length,int width/*=2*/,int height/*=3*/){
19 | 	cout<<setw(5)<<length<<setw(5)<<width<<setw(5)<<height<<'\t';
20 | 	return length*width*height;
21 | }
22 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-16 重载函数举例 求平方和.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int sumOfSquare(int a,int b){
 5 | 	return a*a+b*b;
 6 | }
 7 | 
 8 | double sumOfSquare(double a,double b){
 9 | 	return a*a+b*b;
10 | }
11 | 
12 | int main(){
13 | 	int m,n;
14 | 	cout<<"Enter two integers: ";
15 | 	cin>>m>>n;
16 | 	cout<<"Their sum of square: "<<sumOfSquare(m,n)<<endl;
17 | 	
18 | 	double x,y;
19 | 	cout<<"Enter two real numbers: ";
20 | 	cin>>x>>y;
21 | 	cout<<"Their sum of square: "<<sumOfSquare(x,y)<<endl;
22 | 	
23 | 	return 0;
24 | }
25 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-17 输出三角函数值.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<cmath>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | const double PI=3.14159265358979;
 6 | 
 7 | int main(){
 8 | 	double angle;
 9 | 	cout<<"Please enter an angle: ";
10 | 	cin>>angle;
11 | 	
12 | 	double radian=angle*PI/180;
13 | 	cout<<"sin("<<angle<<")="<<sin(radian)<<endl;
14 | 	cout<<"cos("<<angle<<")="<<cos(radian)<<endl;
15 | 	cout<<"tan("<<angle<<")="<<tan(radian)<<endl;
16 | 	return 0;
17 | }
18 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-2 二进制转十进制.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | double power(double x,int n);
 5 | 
 6 | int main(){
 7 | 	int value=0;
 8 | 	
 9 | 	cout<<"Enter an 8 bit binary number: ";
10 | 	for(int i=7;i>=0;i--){
11 | 		char ch;
12 | 		cin>>ch;
13 | 		if(ch=='1')
14 | 		    value+=static_cast<int>(power(2,i));
15 | 	}
16 | 	cout<<"Decimal value is "<<value<<endl;
17 | 	return 0;
18 | }
19 | 
20 | double power(double x,int n){
21 | 	double val=1.0;
22 | 	while(n--)
23 | 	    val*=x;
24 | 	return val;
25 | }
26 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-3 求PI的值.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | double arctan(double x){
 5 | 	double sqr=x*x;
 6 | 	double e=x;
 7 | 	double r=0;
 8 | 	int i=1;
 9 | 	while(e/i>1e-15){
10 | 		double f=e/i;
11 | 		r=(i%4==1)?r+f:r-f;
12 | 		e=e*sqr;
13 | 		i+=2;
14 | 	}
15 | 	return r;
16 | }
17 | 
18 | int main(){
19 | 	double a=16.0*arctan(1/5.0);
20 | 	double b=4.0*arctan(1/239.0);
21 | 	cout<<"PI="<<a-b<<endl;
22 | 	return 0;
23 | }
24 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-4 求11～999的回文数.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | bool symm(unsigned n){
 5 | 	unsigned i=n;
 6 | 	unsigned m=0;
 7 | 	while(i>0){
 8 | 		m=m*10+i%10;
 9 | 		i/=10;
10 | 	}
11 | 	return m==n;
12 | } 
13 | 
14 | int main(){
15 | 	for(unsigned m=11;m<1000;m++)
16 | 	    if(symm(m)&&symm(m*m)&&symm(m*m*m)){
17 | 	    	cout<<"m="<<m;
18 | 	    	cout<<"    m*m="<<m*m;
19 | 	    	cout<<"    m*m*m="<<m*m*m<<endl;  
20 | 	    } 
21 | 	    return 0;
22 | }
23 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-5 分段函数.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<cmath>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | const double TINY_VALUE=1e-10;
 6 | double tsin(double x){
 7 | 	double g=0;
 8 | 	double t=x;
 9 | 	int n=1;
10 | 	do{
11 | 		g+=t;
12 | 		n++;
13 | 		t=-t*x*x/(2*n-1)/(2*n-2);
14 | 	}while(fabs(t)>=TINY_VALUE);
15 | 	return g;
16 | }
17 | 
18 | int main(){
19 | 	double k,r,s;
20 | 	cout<<"r=";
21 | 	cin>>r;
22 | 	cout<<"s=";
23 | 	cin>>s;
24 | 	if(r*r<=s*s)
25 | 	    k=sqrt(tsin(r)*tsin(r)+tsin(s)*tsin(s));
26 | 	else
27 | 	    k=tsin(r*s)/2;
28 | 	cout<<k<<endl;
29 | 	return 0;
30 | }
31 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-6 投骰子游戏.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<cstdlib>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | int rollDice(){
 6 | 	int die1=1+rand()%6;
 7 | 	int die2=1+rand()%6;
 8 | 	int sum=die1+die2;
 9 | 	cout<<"player rolled "<<die1<<"+"<<die2<<"="<<sum<<endl;
10 | 	return sum; 
11 | }
12 | 
13 | enum GameStatus {WIN,LOSE,PLAYING};
14 | 
15 | int main(){
16 | 	int sum,myPoint;
17 | 	GameStatus status;
18 | 	
19 | 	unsigned seed;
20 | 	cout<<"Please enter an unsigned integer: ";
21 | 	cin>>seed;
22 | 	srand(seed);
23 | 	
24 | 	sum=rollDice();
25 | 	switch(sum){
26 | 		case 7:
27 | 		case 11:
28 | 			status=WIN;
29 | 			break;
30 | 		case 2:
31 | 		case 3:
32 | 		case 13:
33 | 			status=LOSE;
34 | 			break;
35 | 		default:
36 | 			status=PLAYING;
37 | 			myPoint=sum;
38 | 			cout<<"Point is "<<myPoint<<endl;
39 | 			break;
40 | 	}
41 | 	
42 | 	while(status==PLAYING){
43 | 		sum=rollDice();
44 | 		if(sum==myPoint)
45 | 		    status=WIN;
46 | 		else if(sum==7)
47 | 		    status=LOSE;
48 | 	}
49 | 	
50 | 	if(status==WIN)
51 | 	    cout<<"player wins"<<endl;
52 | 	else
53 | 	    cout<<"player loses"<<endl;
54 | 	    
55 | 	return 0;
56 | }
57 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-7 求两数平方和.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int fun2(int m){
 5 | 	return m*m;
 6 | }
 7 | 
 8 | int fun1(int x,int y){
 9 | 	return fun2(x)+fun2(y);
10 | }
11 | 
12 | int main(){
13 | 	int a ,b;
14 | 	cout<<"Please enter two integers(a and b): ";
15 | 	cin>>a>>b;
16 | 	cout<<"The sum of square of a and b: "<<fun1(a,b)<<endl;
17 | 	return 0;
18 | }
19 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-8 求n的阶乘.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | unsigned fac(unsigned n){
 5 | 	unsigned f;
 6 | 	if(n==0)
 7 | 	    f=1;
 8 | 	else
 9 | 	    f=fac(n-1)*n;
10 | 	return f;
11 | }
12 | 
13 | int main(){
14 | 	unsigned n;
15 | 	cout<<"Enter a positive integer: ";
16 | 	cin>>n;
17 | 	unsigned y=fac(n);
18 | 	cout<<n<<"!="<<y<<endl;
19 | 	return 0;
20 | }
21 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_03/例3-9 n个人里选k个人的组合数.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | int comm(int n,int k){
 5 | 	if(k>n)
 6 | 	    return 0;
 7 | 	else if(n==k||k==0)
 8 | 	    return 1;
 9 | 	else
10 | 	    return comm(n-1,k)+comm(n-1,k-1);
11 | }
12 | 
13 | int main(){
14 | 	int n,k;
15 | 	cout<<"Please enter two integers n and k: ";
16 | 	cin>>n>>k;
17 | 	cout<<"C(n,k)="<<comm(n,k)<<endl;
18 | 	return 0;
19 | }
20 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-1 Clock类.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //例4-1.时钟类的完整程序 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream> 
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Clock{                                            //时钟类的定义 
 7 | 	public:                                             //外部接口，公有成员函数 
 8 | 		void setTime(int newH=0,int newM=0,int newS=0);
 9 | 		void showTime();
10 | 	private:                                            //私有数据成员 
11 | 		int hour,minute,second;
12 | };
13 | 
14 | //时钟类成员函数的具体实现 
15 | void Clock::setTime(int newH,int newM,int newS){
16 | 	hour=newH;
17 | 	minute=newM;
18 | 	second=newS;
19 | }
20 | 
21 | inline void Clock::showTime(){
22 | 	cout<<hour<<":"<<minute<<":"<<second<<endl;
23 | }
24 | 
25 | //主函数
26 | int main(){
27 | 	Clock myClock;                                     //定义对象myClock
28 | 	cout<<"First time set and output:"<<endl;
29 | 	myClock.setTime();                                 //设置时间为默认值 
30 | 	myClock.showTime();                                //显示时间 
31 | 	cout<<"Second time set and output:"<<endl;
32 | 	myClock.setTime(8,30,30);                          //设置时间为8：30：30 
33 | 	myClock.showTime();                                //显示时间 
34 | 	return 0; 
35 | } 
36 | 
37 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-10 结构体存储成绩信息.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //例4-10.设计一个结构体存储学生的成绩信息，包含学号、年级和成绩三项内容，
 2 | //学号范围是0～99999999，年级分为freshman，sophomore，junior，senior四种，成绩分为A\B\C\D四个等级 
 3 | 
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | enum Level{FRESHMAN,SOPHOMORE,JUNIOR,SENIOR};
 8 | enum Grade{A,B,C,D};
 9 | class Student{
10 | 	public:
11 | 		Student(unsigned number,Level level,Grade grade):number(number),level(level),grade(grade){}
12 | 		void show();
13 | 	private:
14 | 		unsigned number:27;
15 | 		Level level:2;
16 | 		Grade grade:2; 
17 | }; 
18 | 
19 | void Student::show(){
20 | 	cout<<"Number:    "<<number<<endl;
21 | 	cout<<"Level:    ";
22 | 	switch(level){
23 | 		case FRESHMAN:  cout<<"freshman";break;
24 | 		case SOPHOMORE:	cout<<"sophomore";break;
25 | 		case JUNIOR:    cout<<"junior";break;
26 | 		case SENIOR:    cout<<"senior";break;
27 | 	}
28 | 	cout<<endl;
29 | 	cout<<"Grade:    ";
30 | 	switch(grade){
31 | 		case A:cout<<"A";break;
32 | 		case B:cout<<"B";break;
33 | 		case C:cout<<"C";break;
34 | 		case D:cout<<"D";break; 
35 | 	}
36 | 	cout<<endl;
37 | }
38 | 
39 | int main(){
40 | 	Student s(12345678,SOPHOMORE,B);
41 | 	cout<<"Size of Student: "<<sizeof(Student)<<endl;
42 | 	s.show();
43 | 	return 0;
44 | }
45 | 
46 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-2 Point类.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //Point类的完整程序
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Point{                                      //Point类的定义 
 7 | 	public:                                       //外部接口 
 8 | 		Point(int xx=0,int yy=0){                 //构造函数 
 9 | 			x=xx;
10 | 			y=yy;
11 | 		}
12 | 		Point(Point &p);                         //复制构造函数 
13 | 		int getX(){
14 | 			return x;
15 | 		}
16 | 		int getY(){
17 | 			return y;
18 | 		}
19 | 	private:                                     //私有数据 
20 | 		int x,y;
21 | }; 
22 | 
23 | //成员函数的实现
24 | Point::Point(Point &p){
25 | 	x=p.x;
26 | 	y=p.y;
27 | 	cout<<"Calling the copy constructor"<<endl;
28 | } 
29 | 
30 | //形参为Point类对象的函数
31 | void fun1(Point p){
32 | 	cout<<p.getX()<<endl;
33 | } 
34 | 
35 | //返回值为Point类对象的函数
36 | Point fun2(){
37 | 	Point a(1,2);
38 | 	return a;
39 | } 
40 | 
41 | //主程序
42 | int main(){
43 | 	Point a(4,5);                               //第一个对象a 
44 | 	Point b=a;                                  //情况一，用a初始化b。第一次调用复制构造函数 
45 | 	cout<<b.getX()<<endl;
46 | 	fun1(b);                                    //情况二，对象b作为fun1的实参。第二次调用复制构造函数 
47 | 	b=fun2();                                   //情况三，函数的返回值是类对象，函数返回时，调用复制构造函数 
48 | 	cout<<b.getX()<<endl;
49 | 	return 0;
50 | } 
51 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-3 游泳池改造预算 Circle类.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | using namespace std;
 3 | 
 4 | const float PI=3.141593;                         //给出PI的值 
 5 | const float FENCE_PRICE=35;                      //栅栏的单价 
 6 | const float CONCRETE_PRICE=20;                   //过道水泥单价 
 7 | 
 8 | class Circle{                                    //声明定义类Circle及其数据和方法 
 9 | 	public:                                      //外部接口 
10 | 		Circle(float r);                         //构造函数 
11 | 		float circumference();                   //计算圆的周长 
12 | 		float area();                            //计算圆的面积 
13 | 	private:                                     //私有数据成员 
14 | 		float radius;                            //圆的半径 
15 | }; 
16 | 
17 | 
18 | //类的实现
19 | //构造函数初始化数据成员  radius
20 | Circle::Circle(float r){
21 | 	radius=r;
22 | } 
23 | 
24 | //计算圆的周长
25 | float Circle::circumference(){
26 | 	return 2*PI*radius;
27 | } 
28 | 
29 | //计算圆的面积
30 | float Circle::area(){
31 | 	return PI*radius*radius;
32 | } 
33 | 
34 | //主函数实现
35 | int main(){
36 | 	float radius;
37 | 	cout<<"Enter the radius of the pool: ";       //提示用户输入半径 
38 | 	cin>>radius;
39 | 	Circle pool(radius);                          //游泳池边界对象 
40 | 	Circle poolRim(radius+3);                     //栅栏对象 
41 | 	
42 | 	//计算栅栏造价输出
43 | 	float fenceCost=poolRim.circumference()*FENCE_PRICE;
44 | 	cout<<"Fencing Cost is $"<<fenceCost<<endl;
45 | 	
46 | 	//计算过道造价输出
47 | 	float concreteCost=(poolRim.area()-pool.area())*CONCRETE_PRICE;
48 | 	cout<<"Concrete Cost is $"<<concreteCost<<endl;
49 | 	
50 | 	return 0; 
51 | } 
52 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-4 类的组合Line类.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //Line类计算线段长度 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<cmath>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | class Point{                                                    //Point类定义 
 8 | 	public:
 9 | 		Point(int xx=0,int yy=0){                               //构造函数 
10 | 			x=xx;
11 | 			y=yy;
12 | 		}
13 | 		Point(Point &p);                                        //复制构造函数 
14 | 		int getX(){return x;}
15 | 		int getY(){return y;}
16 | 	private:
17 | 		int x,y;
18 | };
19 | 
20 | Point::Point(Point &p){                                         //复制构造函数的实现 
21 | 	x=p.x;
22 | 	y=p.y;
23 | 	cout<<"Calling the copy constructor of Point"<<endl;
24 | }
25 | 
26 | //类的组合
27 | class Line{                                                     //Line类定义 
28 | 	public:                                                     //外部接口 
29 | 		Line(Point xp1,Point xp2);                              //构造函数 
30 | 		Line(Line &l);                                          //复制构造函数 
31 | 		double getLen(){return len;}
32 | 	private:                                                    //私有数据成员 
33 | 		Point p1,p2;                                            //Point类的对象p1，p2 
34 | 		double len;
35 | }; 
36 | 
37 | //组合类的构造函数
38 | Line::Line(Point xp1,Point xp2):p1(xp1),p2(xp2){
39 | 	cout<<"Calling constructor of Line"<<endl;
40 | 	double x=static_cast<double>(p1.getX()-p2.getX());
41 | 	double y=static_cast<double>(p1.getY()-p2.getY());
42 | 	len=sqrt(x*x+y*y); 
43 | } 
44 | 
45 | //组合类的复制构造函数
46 | Line::Line(Line &l):p1(l.p1),p2(l.p2){
47 | 	cout<<"Calling the copy constructor of Line"<<endl;
48 | 	len=l.len;
49 | } 
50 | 
51 | //主函数
52 | int main(){
53 | 	Point myp1(1,1),myp2(4,5);                                    //建立Point类的对象 
54 | 	Line line(myp1,myp2);                                         //建立Line类的对象 
55 | 	Line line2(line);                                             //利用复制构造函数建立一个新对象 
56 | 	cout<<"The length of the line is:";
57 | 	cout<<line.getLen()<<endl;
58 | 	cout<<"The length of the line2 is:";
59 | 	cout<<line2.getLen()<<endl;
60 | 	return 0;
61 | } 
62 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/chapter_04/例4-7 结构体表示学生信息.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //用结构体表示学生的基本信息 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<iomanip>
 5 | #include<string>
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | struct Student{                                      //学生信息结构体 
 9 | 	int num;                                         //学号 
10 | 	string name;                                     //姓名 
11 | 	char sex;                                        //性别 
12 | 	int age;                                         //年龄 
13 | };
14 | 
15 | int main(){
16 | 	Student stu={2014307,"Xu Naonao",'M',23};
17 | 	cout<<"Num:  "<<stu.num<<endl;
18 | 	cout<<"Name:    "<<stu.name<<endl;
19 | 	cout<<"Sex:    "<<stu.sex<<endl;
20 | 	cout<<"Age:    "<<stu.age<<endl;
21 | 	return 0;
22 | }
23 | 


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/chapter_04/例4-8 联合体保存成绩信息.cpp:
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 1 | #include<iostream>
 2 | #include<string>
 3 | using namespace std;
 4 | 
 5 | class ExamInfo{
 6 | 	public:
 7 | 		//3种构造函数，分别用等级、是否通过和百分制来初始化
 8 | 		ExamInfo(string name,char grade):name(name),mode(GRADE),grade(grade){}
 9 | 		ExamInfo(string name,bool pass):name(name),mode(PASS),pass(pass){}
10 | 		ExamInfo(string name,int percent):name(name),mode(PERCENTAGE),percent(percent){}
11 | 		void show();
12 | 		
13 | 	private:
14 | 		string name;                         //课程名称 
15 | 		enum{
16 | 			GRADE,
17 | 			PASS,
18 | 			PERCENTAGE
19 | 		}mode;                               //采用何种计分方式 
20 | 		union{
21 | 			char grade;                      //等级制的成绩 
22 | 			bool pass;                       //是否通过 
23 | 			int percent;                     //百分制的成绩 
24 | 		};
25 | };
26 | 
27 | void ExamInfo::show(){
28 | 	cout<<name<<":";
29 | 	switch(mode){
30 | 		case GRADE:cout<<grade;
31 | 		           break;
32 | 		case PASS:
33 | 			cout<<(pass?"PASS":"FALL");
34 | 			break;
35 | 		case PERCENTAGE:
36 | 			cout<<percent;
37 | 			break;
38 | 	}
39 | 	cout<<endl;
40 | }
41 | 
42 | int main(){
43 | 	ExamInfo course1("English",'B');
44 | 	ExamInfo course2("Calculus",true);
45 | 	ExamInfo course3("C++Programming",85);
46 | 	course1.show();
47 | 	course2.show();
48 | 	course3.show();
49 | 	return 0;
50 | }
51 | 


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/chapter_04/例4-9 个人银行账户管理程序.cpp:
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 1 | //例4-9.个人银行账户管理程序 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<cmath>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | class SavingsAccount{                                          //储蓄账户类定义 
 8 | 	private:
 9 | 		int id;                                                //账号 
10 | 		double balance;                                        //余额 
11 | 		double rate;                                           //存款的年利率 
12 | 		int lastDate;                                          //上次变更余额的时期 
13 | 		double accumulation;                                   //余额按日累加之和 
14 | 		//记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
15 | 		void record(int date,double amount);
16 | 		//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累加值 
17 | 		double accumulate(int date) const{
18 | 		return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);}
19 | 	public:
20 | 	    //构造函数
21 | 		SavingsAccount(int date,int id,double rate);
22 | 		int getId(){return id;}
23 | 		double getBalance(){return balance;}
24 | 		double getRate(){return rate;}
25 | 		void deposit(int date,double amount);                     //存入现金 
26 | 		void withdraw(int date,double amount);                    //取出现金 
27 | 		//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
28 | 		void settle(int date);
29 | 		//显示账户信息
30 | 		void show(); 
31 | };
32 | 
33 | //SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
34 | SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date,int id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
35 | 	cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<" is created"<<endl; 
36 | } 
37 | 
38 | void SavingsAccount::record(int date,double amount){
39 | 	accumulation=accumulate(date);
40 | 	lastDate=date;
41 | 	amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;                             //保留小数点后两位 
42 | 	balance+=amount;
43 | 	cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl;
44 | }
45 | 
46 | void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date,double amount){
47 | 	record(date,amount);
48 | }
49 | 
50 | void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date,double amount){
51 | 	if(amount>getBalance())
52 | 	    cout<<"Error:not enough money"<<endl;
53 | 	else
54 | 	    record(date,-amount);
55 | }
56 | 
57 | void SavingsAccount::settle(int date){
58 | 	double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365;                    //计算年息 
59 | 	if(interest!=0)
60 | 	    record(date,interest);
61 | 	accumulation=0;
62 | }
63 | 
64 | void SavingsAccount::show(){
65 | 	cout<<"#"<<id<<"\tBalance:"<<balance;
66 | }
67 | 
68 | int main(){
69 | 	//建立几个账户
70 | 	SavingsAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
71 | 	SavingsAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
72 | 	//几笔账目
73 | 	sa0.deposit(5,5000);
74 | 	sa1.deposit(25,10000);
75 | 	sa0.deposit(45,5500);
76 | 	sa1.withdraw(60,4000);
77 | 	//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
78 | 	sa0.settle(90);
79 | 	sa1.settle(90);
80 | 	//输出各个账户的信息
81 | 	sa0.show();    cout<<endl;
82 | 	sa1.show();    cout<<endl;
83 | 	return 0; 
84 | }
85 | 


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/chapter_05/例5-10 具有静态数据、函数成员的Point类，多文件组织/Point.h:
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 1 | //文件1，类的定义，point.h
 2 | 
 3 | class Point{                                    //类的定义 
 4 | 	public:                                     //外部接口 
 5 | 		Point(int x=0,int y=0):x(x),y(y){}
 6 | 		Point(const Point &p);
 7 | 		~Point(){count--;}
 8 | 		int getX(){return x;}
 9 | 		int getY(){return y;}
10 | 		static void showCount();               //静态函数成员 
11 | 	private:                                   //私有数据成员 
12 | 		int x,y;
13 | 		static int count;                      //静态数据成员 
14 | }; 
15 | 


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/chapter_06/例6-3 对象数组应用举例/6_3.cpp:
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 1 | //6_3.cpp
 2 | 
 3 | #include "Point.h"
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | int main(){
 8 | 	cout<<"Entering main..."<<endl;
 9 | 	Point a[2];
10 | 	for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
11 | 	    a[i].move(i+10,i+20);
12 | 	cout<<"Exiting main..."<<endl;
13 | 	return 0;
14 | }
15 | 


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 1 | //Point.cpp
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include "Point.h"
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | Point::Point(){
 8 | 	x=y=0;
 9 | 	cout<<"Default Constructor called."<<endl;
10 | } 
11 | 
12 | Point::Point(int x,int y):x(x),y(y){
13 | 	cout<<"Constructor called."<<endl;
14 | }
15 | 
16 | Point::~Point(){
17 | 	cout<<"Destructor called."<<endl;
18 | }
19 | 
20 | void Point::move(int newX,int newY){
21 | 	cout<<"Moving the point to ("<<newX<<","<<newY<<")"<<endl;
22 | 	x=newX;
23 | 	y=newY;
24 | }
25 | 


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/chapter_06/例6-7 三种方法输出int型数组/法二 数组名和指针运算.cpp:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitdove/Cpp_4th/5e607af4491d7a2a78b5b418666a0b420b86d57b/chapter_06/例6-7 三种方法输出int型数组/法二 数组名和指针运算.cpp


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/chapter_06/例6-8 利用指针数组输出单位矩阵.cpp:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitdove/Cpp_4th/5e607af4491d7a2a78b5b418666a0b420b86d57b/chapter_06/例6-8 利用指针数组输出单位矩阵.cpp


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/chapter_06/例6-9 二维数组举例.cpp:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitdove/Cpp_4th/5e607af4491d7a2a78b5b418666a0b420b86d57b/chapter_06/例6-9 二维数组举例.cpp


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/chapter_07/例7-1 Point类公有继承/7_1.cpp:
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 1 | //7_1.cpp
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<cmath>
 5 | #include "Rectangle.h"
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | int main(){
 9 | 	Rectangle rect;                                               //定义Rectangle类的对象 
10 | 	rect.initRectangle(2,3,20,10);                                //设置矩形的数据 
11 | 	rect.move(3,2);                                               //移动矩形位置 
12 | 	cout<<"The data of rect(x,y,w,h): "<<endl;
13 | 	cout<<rect.getX()<<","<<rect.getY()<<","<<rect.getW()<<","<<rect.getH()<<endl;   //输出矩形的特征参数 
14 | 	return 0;
15 | }
16 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-1 Point类公有继承/Point.h:
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 1 | //Point.h
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _POINT_H
 4 | #define _POINT_H
 5 | 
 6 | class Point{                                             //基类Point类的定义 
 7 | 	public:                                              //公有函数成员 
 8 | 		void initPoint(float x=0,float y=0){this->x=x;this->y=y;}
 9 | 		void move(float offX,float offY){x+=offX;y+=offY;}
10 | 		float getX() const {return x;}
11 | 		float getY() const {return y;}
12 | 	private:                                             //私有数据成员 
13 | 		float x,y;
14 | }; 
15 | 
16 | #endif                                //_POINT_H
17 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-1 Point类公有继承/Rectangle.h:
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 1 | //Rectangle.h
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _RECTANGLE_H
 4 | #define _RECTANGLE_H
 5 | #include "Point.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class Rectangle:public Point{                              //派生类定义部分 
 8 | 	public:                                                //新增公有函数成员 
 9 | 		void initRectangle(float x,float y,float w,float h){
10 | 			initPoint(x,y);                                //调用基类公有函数成员 
11 | 			this->w=w;
12 | 			this->h=h;
13 | 		}
14 | 		float getH() const {return h;}
15 | 		float getW() const {return w;}
16 | 	private:                                               //新增私有数据成员 
17 | 		float w,h;
18 | }; 
19 | 
20 | #endif                                                     //_RECTANGLE_H 
21 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/7_10.cpp:
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 1 | //7_10.cpp 主函数文件
 2 | 
 3 | #include "account.h"
 4 | #include <iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | int main(){
 8 | 	Date date(2008,11,1);                     //起始日期 
 9 | 	//建立几个账户
10 | 	SavingsAccount sa1(date,"S3755217",0.015);
11 | 	SavingsAccount sa2(date,"02342342",0.015);
12 | 	CreditAccount ca(date,"C5392394",10000,0.0005,50);
13 | 	//11月份的几笔账目
14 | 	sa1.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),5000,"salary");
15 | 	ca.withdraw(Date(2008,11,15),2000,"buy a cell");
16 | 	sa2.deposit(Date(2008,11,25),10000,"sell stock 0323");
17 | 	//结算信用卡
18 | 	ca.settle(Date(2008,12,1));
19 | 	//12月份的几笔账目
20 | 	ca.deposit(Date(2008,12,1),2016,"repay the credit");
21 | 	sa1.deposit(Date(2008,12,5),5500,"salary");
22 | 	//结算所有账户
23 | 	sa1.settle(Date(2009,1,1));
24 | 	sa2.settle(Date(2009,1,1));
25 | 	ca.settle(Date(2009,1,1));
26 | 	//输出各个账户的信息
27 | 	cout<<endl;
28 | 	sa1.show();cout<<endl;
29 | 	sa2.show();cout<<endl;
30 | 	ca.show();cout<<endl;
31 | 	cout<<"Total: "<<Account::getTotal()<<endl;
32 | 	return 0; 
33 | } 
34 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/account.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //account.cpp 各个储蓄账户类实现文件
 2 | 
 3 | #include "account.h"
 4 | #include <cmath>
 5 | #include <iostream>
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | double Account::total=0;
 9 | //Account类的实现
10 | Account::Account(const Date &date,const string &id):id(id),balance(0){
11 | 	date.show();
12 | 	cout<<"\t#"<<id<<" created"<<endl;
13 | } 
14 | void Account::record(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){
15 | 	amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;              //保留小数点后两位 
16 | 	balance+=amount;
17 | 	total+=amount;
18 | 	date.show();
19 | 	cout<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<"\t"<<desc<<endl;
20 | }
21 | void Account::show() const {cout<<id<<"\tBalance: "<<balance;}
22 | void Account::error(const string &msg) const{
23 |     cout<<"Error(#"<<id<<"):"<<msg<<endl;
24 | }
25 | //SavingsAccount类成员函数的实现
26 | SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date,const string &id,double rate):Account(date,id),rate(rate),acc(date,0){}
27 | void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){
28 | 	record(date,amount,desc);
29 | 	acc.change(date,getBalance());
30 | } 
31 | void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){
32 | 	if(amount>getBalance()){
33 | 		error("not enough money");
34 | 	}
35 | 	else{
36 | 		record(date,-amount,desc);
37 | 		acc.change(date,getBalance());
38 | 	}
39 | }
40 | void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date){              //计算年息 
41 | 	double interest=acc.getSum(date)*rate/date.distance(Date(date.getYear()-1,1,1));
42 | 	if(interest!=0) record(date,interest,"interest");
43 | 	acc.reset(date,getBalance());
44 | }
45 | //CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现
46 | CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date &date,const string &id,double credit,double rate,double fee)
47 |     :Account(date,id),credit(credit),rate(rate),fee(fee),acc(date,0){}
48 | void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){
49 | 	record(date,amount,desc);
50 | 	acc.change(date,getDebt());
51 | } 
52 | void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date,double amount,const string &desc){
53 | 	if(amount-getBalance()>credit){
54 | 		error("not enough credit");
55 | 	}
56 | 	else{
57 | 		record(date,-amount,desc);
58 | 		acc.change(date,getDebt());
59 | 	}
60 | }
61 | void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date){
62 | 	double interest=acc.getSum(date)*rate;
63 | 	if(interest!=0) record(date,interest,"interest");
64 | 	if(date.getMonth()==1)
65 | 	    record(date,-fee,"annual fee");
66 | 	acc.reset(date,getDebt());
67 | }
68 | void CreditAccount::show() const{
69 |     Account::show();
70 |     cout<<"\tAvailable credit:"<<getAvailableCredit();
71 | }
72 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/account.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //account.h 各个储蓄账户类定义头文件
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 4 | #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 5 | 
 6 | #include "date.h"
 7 | #include "accumulator.h"
 8 | #include <string>
 9 | 
10 | class Account{                                 //账户类 
11 | 	private:
12 | 		std::string id;                        //账号 
13 | 		double balance;                        //余额 
14 | 		static double total;                   //所有账户的总金额 
15 | 	protected:
16 | 		//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
17 | 		Account(const Date &date,const std::string &id);
18 | 		//记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
19 | 		void record(const Date &date,double amount,const std::string &desc);
20 | 		//报告错误信息
21 | 		void error(const std::string &msg) const;
22 | 	public:
23 | 	    const std::string &getId() const {return id;}
24 | 		double getBalance() const {return balance;}
25 | 		static double getTotal() {return total;}
26 | 		//显示账户信息
27 | 		void show() const; 
28 | }; 
29 | 
30 | class SavingsAccount:public Account{          //储蓄账户类 
31 | 	private:
32 | 		Accumulator acc;                      //辅助计算利息的累加器 
33 | 		double rate;                          //存款的年利率 
34 | 	public:
35 | 		//构造函数
36 | 		SavingsAccount(const Date &date,const std::string &id,double rate);
37 | 		double getRate() const {return rate;}
38 | 		//存入现金
39 | 		void deposit(const Date &date,double amount,const std::string &desc);
40 | 		//取出现金
41 | 		void withdraw(const Date &date,double amount,const std::string &desc);
42 | 		void settle(const Date &date);               //结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数 
43 | };
44 | 
45 | class CreditAccount:public Account{                   //信用账户类 
46 | 	private:
47 | 		Accumulator acc;                              //辅助计算利息的累加器 
48 | 		double credit;                                //信用额度 
49 | 		double rate;                                  //欠款的日利率 
50 | 		double fee;                                   //信用卡年费 
51 | 		double getDebt() const{                       //获得欠款额 
52 | 		    double balance=getBalance();
53 | 		    return (balance<0?balance:0);
54 | 		}
55 | 	public:
56 | 		//构造函数
57 | 		CreditAccount(const Date &date,const std::string &id,double credit,double rate,double fee);
58 | 		double getCredit() const {return credit;}
59 | 		double getRate() const {return rate;}
60 | 		double getFee() const {return fee;}
61 | 		double getAvailableCredit() const{               //获得可用信用额度 
62 | 		    if(getBalance()<0)
63 | 		        return credit+getBalance();
64 | 		    else
65 | 		        return credit;
66 | 		} 
67 | 		//存入现金
68 | 		void deposit(const Date &date,double amount,const std::string &desc);
69 | 		//取出现金
70 | 		void withdraw(const Date &date,double amount,const std::string &desc);
71 | 		void settle(const Date &date);                    //结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数 
72 | 		void show() const; 
73 | }; 
74 | 
75 | #endif                                                       //__ACCOUNT_H__
76 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/accumulator.h:
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 1 | //accumulator.h 按日将数值累加的Accumulator类的头文件
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
 4 | #define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
 5 | #include "date.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class Accumulator{                                  //将某个数值按日累加 
 8 | 	private:
 9 | 		Date lastDate;                              //上次变更数值的日期 
10 | 		double value;                               //数值的当前值 
11 | 		double sum;                                 //数值按日累加之和 
12 | 	public:
13 | 		//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
14 | 		Accumulator(const Date &date,double value):lastDate(date),value(value),sum(0){}
15 | 		//获得日期date的累加结果
16 | 		double getSum(const Date &date) const {return sum+value*date.distance(lastDate);}
17 | 		//在date将数值变更为value
18 | 		void change(const Date &date,double value){
19 | 			sum=getSum(date);
20 | 			lastDate=date;
21 | 			this->value=value;
22 | 		} 
23 | 		//初始化，将日期变更为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
24 | 		void reset(const Date &date,double value){
25 | 			lastDate=date;
26 | 			this->value=value;
27 | 			sum=0;
28 | 		} 
29 | }; 
30 | 
31 | #endif                                                 //__ACCUMULATOR_H__ 
32 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/date.cpp:
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 1 | //date.cpp 日期类实现文件
 2 | 
 3 | #include "date.h"
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | #include<cstdlib>
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | namespace{                          //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效 
 9 |     //存储平年中的某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
10 | 	const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[]={0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365}; 
11 | } 
12 | 
13 | Date::Date(int year,int month,int day):year(year),month(month),day(day){
14 | 	if(day<=0||day>getMaxDay()){
15 | 		cout<<"Invalid date: ";
16 | 		show();
17 | 		cout<<endl;
18 | 		exit(1);
19 | 	}
20 | 	int years=year-1;
21 | 	totalDays=years*365+years/4-years/100+years/400+DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1]+day;
22 | 	if(isLeapYear()&&month>2) totalDays++;
23 | }
24 | 
25 | int Date::getMaxDay() const{
26 |     if(isLeapYear()&&month==2)
27 |         return 29;
28 |     else
29 |         return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]-DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month-1];
30 | }
31 | 
32 | void Date::show() const{
33 |     cout<<getYear()<<"-"<<getMonth()<<"-"<<getDay();
34 | }
35 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/date.h:
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 1 | //date.h 日期类头文件
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef __DATE_H__
 4 | #define __DATE_H__
 5 | class Date{                                             //日期类 
 6 | 	private:
 7 | 		int year;                                       //年 
 8 | 		int month;                                      //月 
 9 | 		int day;                                        //日 
10 | 		int totalDays;                                  //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天 
11 | 	public:
12 | 		Date(int year,int month,int day);               //用年月日构造日期 
13 | 		int getYear() const {return year;}
14 | 		int getMonth() const {return month;}
15 | 		int getDay() const {return day;}
16 | 		int getMaxDay() const;                          //获得当月有多少天 
17 | 		bool isLeapYear() const{                        //判断当年是否为闰年 
18 | 		    return year%4==0&&year%100!=0||year%400==0;
19 | 		} 
20 | 		void show() const;                              //输出当前日期 
21 | 		//计算两个日期之间差多少天
22 | 		int distance(const Date& date) const{
23 | 		    return totalDays-date.totalDays;
24 | 		} 
25 | }; 
26 | #endif                                                 //__DAT
27 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序/例7-10 个人银行账户管理程序.dev:
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/chapter_07/例7-2 Point类私有继承/7_2.cpp:
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 1 | //7_2.cpp
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<cmath>
 5 | #include "Rectangle.h"
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | int main(){
 9 | 	Rectangle rect;                                               //定义Rectangle类的对象 
10 | 	rect.initRectangle(2,3,20,10);                                //设置矩形的数据 
11 | 	rect.move(3,2);                                               //移动矩形位置 
12 | 	cout<<"The data of rect(x,y,w,h): "<<endl;
13 | 	cout<<rect.getX()<<","<<rect.getY()<<","<<rect.getW()<<","<<rect.getH()<<endl;   //输出矩形的特征参数 
14 | 	return 0;
15 | }
16 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-2 Point类私有继承/Point.h:
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 1 | //Point.h
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _POINT_H
 4 | #define _POINT_H
 5 | 
 6 | class Point{                               //基类Point类的定义 
 7 | 	public:                                //公有函数成员 
 8 | 		void initPoint(float x=0,float y=0){this->x=x;this->y=y;}
 9 | 		void move(float offX,float offY){x+=offX;y+=offY;}
10 | 		float getX() const {return x;}
11 | 		float getY() const {return y;}
12 | 	private:                               //私有数据成员 
13 | 		float x,y;
14 | }; 
15 | 
16 | #endif                                     //_POINT_H 
17 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-2 Point类私有继承/Rectangle.h:
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 1 | //Rectangle.h
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _RECTANGLE_H
 4 | #define _RECTANGLE_H
 5 | #include "Point.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class Rectangle:private Point{                             //派生类定义部分 
 8 | 	public:                                                //新增公有函数成员 
 9 | 		void initRectangle(float x,float y,float w,float h){
10 | 			initPoint(x,y);                                //调用基类公有函数成员 
11 | 			this->w=w;
12 | 			this->h=h; 
13 | 		}
14 | 		void move(float offX,float offY){Point::move(offX,offY);}
15 | 		float getX() const {return Point::getX();}
16 | 		float getY() const {return Point::getY();}
17 | 		float getH() const {return h;}
18 | 		float getW() const {return w;}
19 | 	private:                                                //新增私有数据成员 
20 | 		float w,h;
21 | }; 
22 | 
23 | #endif                                                      //_RECTANGLE_H 
24 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-2 Point类私有继承/例7-2 Point类私有继承.dev:
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/chapter_07/例7-3 类型兼容规则实例.cpp:
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 1 | //7-3.cpp 类型兼容规则实例
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base1{                                   //基类Base1定义 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		void display() const {cout<<"Base1::display()"<<endl;}
 9 | }; 
10 | 
11 | class Base2:public Base1{                     //公有派生类Base2定义 
12 | 	public:
13 | 		void display() const {cout<<"Base2::display()"<<endl;}
14 | };
15 | 
16 | class Derived:public Base2{                 //公有派生类Derived定义 
17 | 	public:
18 | 		void display() const {cout<<"Derived::display()"<<endl;}
19 | };
20 | 
21 | void fun(Base1 *ptr){                        //参数为指向基类对象的指针 
22 | 	ptr->display();                          //“对象指针->成员名” 
23 | }
24 | 
25 | int main(){                                  //主函数 
26 | 	Base1 base1;                             //声明Base1类对象 
27 | 	Base2 base2;                             //声明Base2类对象 
28 | 	Derived derived;                         //声明Derived类对象 
29 | 	
30 | 	fun(&base1);                             //用Base1类对象的指针调用fun函数 
31 | 	fun(&base2);                             //用Base2类对象的指针调用fun函数 
32 | 	fun(&derived);                           //用Derived类对象的指针调用fun函数 
33 | 	
34 | 	return 0;
35 | }
36 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-4 派生类构造函数举例（多继承、含有内嵌对象）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //7_4.cpp 派生类构造函数举例（多继承、含有内嵌对象） 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base1{                 //基类Base1，构造函数有参数 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		Base1(int i){cout<<"Constructing Base1 "<<i<<endl;}
 9 | }; 
10 | 
11 | class Base2{                //基类Base2，构造函数有参数 
12 | 	public:
13 | 		Base2(int j){cout<<"Constructing Base2 "<<j<<endl;}
14 | };
15 | 
16 | class Base3{                //基类Base3，构造函数无参数 
17 | 	public:
18 | 		Base3(){cout<<"Constructing Base3 *"<<endl;}
19 | };
20 | 
21 | class Derived:public Base2,public Base1,public Base3{
22 | 	//派生新类Derived，注意基类名的顺序
23 | 	public:                                                       //派生类公有成员 
24 | 	    Derived(int a,int b,int c,int d):Base1(a),member2(d),member1(c),Base2(b){}
25 | 		//注意基类名的个数与顺序，注意对象成员对象名的个数与顺序
26 | 	private:
27 | 	    Base1 member1;
28 | 		Base2 member2;
29 | 		Base3 member3; 
30 | };
31 | 
32 | int main(){
33 | 	Derived obj(1,2,3,4);
34 | 	return 0;
35 | }
36 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-5 派生类析构函数举例（多继承、含有嵌入对象）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //7_5.cpp 派生类析构函数举例（多继承、含有嵌入对象）
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base1{                                //基类Base1，构造函数有参数 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		Base1(int i){cout<<"Constructing Base1 "<<i<<endl;}
 9 | 		~Base1(){cout<<"Destructing Base1"<<endl;}
10 | }; 
11 | 
12 | class Base2{                               //基类Base2，构造函数有参数
13 | 	public:
14 | 		Base2(int j){cout<<"Constructing Base2 "<<j<<endl;}
15 | 		~Base2(){cout<<"Destructing Base2"<<endl;}
16 | };
17 | 
18 | class Base3{                               //基类Base3，构造函数无参数
19 | 	public:
20 | 		Base3(){cout<<"Constructing Base3 *"<<endl;}
21 | 		~Base3(){cout<<"Destructing Base3"<<endl;}
22 | };
23 | 
24 | class Derived:public Base2,public Base1,public Base3{
25 | 	//派生新类Derived，注意基类名的顺序
26 | 	public:                                //派生类的公有成员 
27 | 	    Derived(int a,int b,int c,int d):Base1(a),member2(d),member1(c),Base2(b){}
28 | 		//注意基类名的个数与顺序，注意成员对象名的个数与顺序
29 | 	private:                               //派生类的私有成员对象 
30 | 	    Base1 member1;
31 | 		Base2 member2;
32 | 		Base3 member3; 
33 | };
34 | 
35 | int main(){
36 | 	Derived obj(1,2,3,4);
37 | 	return 0;
38 | }
39 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-6 多继承同名隐藏举例（1）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //7_6.cpp 多继承同名隐藏举例（1） 
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base1{                            //定义基类Base1 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		int var;
 9 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Base1"<<endl;}
10 | };
11 | 
12 | class Base2{                           //定义基类Base2    
13 | 	public:
14 | 		int var;
15 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Base2"<<endl;}
16 | };
17 | 
18 | class Derived:public Base1,public Base2{  //定义派生类Derived 
19 | 	public:
20 | 		int var;                          //同名数据成员 
21 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Derived"<<endl;}  //同名函数成员 
22 | };
23 | 
24 | int main(){
25 | 	Derived d;
26 | 	Derived *p=&d;
27 | 	
28 | 	d.var=1;                      //对象名.成员标识 
29 | 	d.fun();                      //访问Derived类成员 
30 | 	
31 | 	d.Base1::var=2;               //作用域分辨符标识 
32 | 	d.Base1::fun();               //访问Base1基类成员 
33 | 	
34 | 	p->Base2::var=3;              //作用域分辨符标识 
35 | 	p->Base2::fun();              //访问Base2基类成员 
36 | 	
37 | 	return 0;
38 | 	
39 | }
40 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-7 多继承同名隐藏举例（2）.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //例7-7.cpp 多继承同名隐藏举例（2）
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base0{                             //定义基类Base0 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		int var0;
 9 | 		void fun0(){cout<<"Member of Base0"<<endl;}
10 | }; 
11 | 
12 | class Base1:public Base0{                //定义派生类Base1 
13 | 	public:                              //新增外部接口 
14 | 		int var1;
15 | };
16 | 
17 | class Base2:public Base0{                //定义派生类Base2 
18 | 	public:                              //新增外部接口 
19 | 		int var2;
20 | };
21 | 
22 | class Derived:public Base1,public Base2{  //定义派生类Derived 
23 | 	public:                               //新增外部接口 
24 | 		int var;
25 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Derived"<<endl;}
26 | };
27 | 
28 | int main(){                              //程序主函数 
29 | 	Derived d;                           //定义Derived类对象d 
30 | 	d.Base1::var0=2;                     //使用直接基类 
31 | 	d.Base1::fun0();
32 | 	d.Base2::var0=3;                     //使用直接基类 
33 | 	d.Base2::fun0();
34 | 	return 0;
35 | }
36 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-8 虚基类举例.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //例7-8.cpp 虚基类举例
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | class Base0{                               //定义基类Base0 
 7 | 	public:
 8 | 		int var0;
 9 | 		void fun0(){cout<<"Member of Base0"<<endl;}
10 | }; 
11 | 
12 | class Base1:virtual public Base0{           //定义派生类Base1 
13 | 	public:                                 //新增外部接口 
14 | 		int var1;
15 | };
16 | 
17 | class Base2:virtual public Base0{           //定义派生类Base2 
18 | 	public:                                 //新增外部接口 
19 | 		int var2;
20 | };
21 | 
22 | class Derived:public Base1,public Base2{    //定义派生类Derived 
23 | 	public:                                 //新增外部接口 
24 | 		int var;
25 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Derived"<<endl;}
26 | };
27 | 
28 | int main(){                                  //主函数 
29 | 	Derived d;                               //定义Derived类对象d 
30 | 	d.var0=2;                                //直接访问虚基类的数据成员 
31 | 	d.fun0();                                //直接访问虚基类的函数成员 
32 | 	return 0;
33 | }
34 | 	
35 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-8-2 虚基类声明带参数的构造函数.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //虚基类及其派生类构造函数
 2 | //虚基类声明了带参数的构造函数
 3 | 
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | class Base0{                            //定义基类Base0 
 8 | 	public:                             //外部接口 
 9 | 		Base0(int var):var0(var){}
10 | 		int var0;
11 | 		void fun0(){cout<<"Member of Base0"<<endl;}
12 | }; 
13 | 
14 | class Base1:virtual public Base0{         //Base0为虚基类，派生Base1类 
15 | 	public:                               //新增外部接口 
16 | 		Base1(int var):Base0(var){}
17 | 		int var1;
18 | };
19 | 
20 | class Base2:virtual public Base0{         //Base0为虚基类，派生Base2类 
21 | 	public:                               //新增外部接口 
22 | 		Base2(int var):Base0(var){}
23 | 		int var2;
24 | };
25 | 
26 | class Derived:public Base1,public Base2{   //派生类Derived定义 
27 | 	public:                                //新增外部接口 
28 | 		Derived(int var):Base0(var),Base1(var),Base2(var){}
29 | 		int var;
30 | 		void fun(){cout<<"Member of Derived"<<endl;}
31 | };
32 | 
33 | int main(){                                //程序主函数 
34 | 	Derived d(1);                             //定义Derived类对象d 
35 | 	d.var=2;
36 | 	d.fun();
37 | 	return 0;
38 | }
39 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组/7_9.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //7_9.cpp 文件五，主函数
 2 | 
 3 | #include "LinearEqu.h"                            //类定义头文件 
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | int main(){                                      //主函数 
 8 | 	double a[]={                                 //方程系数矩阵 
 9 | 	            0.2368,0.2471,0.2568,1.2671,      //第一行 
10 | 	            0.1968,0.2071,1.2168,0.2271,      //第二行 
11 | 	            0.1581,1.1675,0.1768,0.1871,      //第三行 
12 | 	            1.1161,0.1254,0.1397,0.1490};    //第四行 
13 | 	double b[]={ 1.8471, 1.7471, 1.6471, 1.5471};    //方程右端项 
14 | 	LinearEqu equ(4);                            //定义一个四元方程组对象 
15 | 	equ.setLinearEqu(a,b);                       //设置方程组 
16 | 	equ.printLinearEqu();                        //输出方程组 
17 | 	if(equ.solve())                              //求解方程组 
18 | 	    equ.printSolution();                     //输出方程组的解 
19 | 	else
20 | 	    cout<<"Fail"<<endl;
21 | 	return 0;
22 | } 
23 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组/LinearEqu.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | //LinearEqu.cpp 文件四，LinearEqu类实现
  2 | 
  3 | #include "LinearEqu.h"                           //包含类的定义头文件 
  4 | #include<iostream>
  5 | #include<cmath>
  6 | using namespace std;
  7 | 
  8 | LinearEqu::LinearEqu(int size/*=2*/):Matrix(size){   //用size调用基类构造函数 
  9 | 	sums=new double[size];                         //动态内存分配 
 10 | 	solution=new double[size];
 11 | } 
 12 | 
 13 | LinearEqu::~LinearEqu(){                    //派生类LinearEqu的析构函数 
 14 | 	delete[] sums;                          //释放内存 
 15 | 	delete[] solution;
 16 | 	//会自动调用基类析构函数 
 17 | }
 18 | 
 19 | void LinearEqu::setLinearEqu(const double *a,const double *b){      //设置线性方程组 
 20 | 	setMatrix(a);                                  //调用基类函数 
 21 | 	for(int i=0;i<getSize();i++)
 22 | 	    sums[i]=b[i];
 23 | }
 24 | 
 25 | void LinearEqu::printLinearEqu() const{                       //显示线性方程组 
 26 |     cout<<"The Line eqution is:"<<endl;
 27 |     for(int i=0;i<getSize();i++){
 28 |     	for(int j=0;j<getSize();j++)
 29 |     	    cout<<element(i,j)<<" ";
 30 |     	    cout<<"    "<<sums[i]<<endl;
 31 |     }
 32 | }
 33 | 
 34 | void LinearEqu::printSolution() const{                     //输出方程的解 
 35 |     cout<<"The Result is: "<<endl;
 36 |     for(int i=0;i<getSize();i++)
 37 |         cout<<"x["<<i<<"]="<<solution[i]<<endl;
 38 | }
 39 | 
 40 | inline void swap(double &v1,double &v2){                  //交换两个实数 
 41 | 	double temp=v1;
 42 | 	v1=v2;
 43 | 	v2=temp;
 44 | }
 45 | 
 46 | bool LinearEqu::solve(){                       //全选主元素高斯消去法求解方程 
 47 | 	int *js=new int[getSize()];                //存储主元素所在列号的数组 
 48 | 	for(int k=0;k<getSize()-1;k++){              //选主元素 
 49 | 		int is;                                 //主元素所在行号 
 50 | 		double max=0;                           //所有元素的最大值 
 51 | 		for(int i=k;i<getSize();i++)
 52 | 		    for(int j=k;j<getSize();j++){
 53 | 		    	double t=fabs(element(i,j));
 54 | 		    	if(t>max){
 55 | 		    		max=t;
 56 | 		    		js[k]=j;
 57 | 		    		is=i;
 58 | 		    	}
 59 | 		    }
 60 | 		if(max==0){
 61 | 			delete[] js;
 62 | 			return false;
 63 | 		}
 64 | 		else{  //通过行列交换，把主元素交换到第k行第k列
 65 | 		    if(js[k]!=k)
 66 | 			    for(int i=0;i<getSize();i++)
 67 | 				    swap(element(i,k),element(i,js[k]));
 68 | 			if(is!=k){
 69 | 				for(int j=k;j<getSize();j++)
 70 | 				    swap(element(k,j),element(is,j));
 71 | 				    swap(sums[k],sums[is]);
 72 | 			} 
 73 | 		}
 74 | 		                                      //消去过程 
 75 | 		double major=element(k,k);
 76 | 		for(int j=k+1;j<getSize();j++)
 77 | 		    element(k,j)/=major;
 78 | 		sums[k]/=major;
 79 | 		for(int i=k+1;i<getSize();i++){
 80 | 			for(int j=k+1;j<getSize();j++)
 81 | 			    element(i,j)-=element(i,k)*element(k,j);
 82 | 			sums[i]-=element(i,k)*sums[k];
 83 | 		}
 84 | 	}
 85 | 	//判断剩下的一个元素是否等于零
 86 | 	double d=element(getSize()-1,getSize()-1);
 87 | 	if(fabs(d)<1e-15){
 88 | 		delete[] js;
 89 | 		return false;
 90 | 	} 
 91 | 	//回代过程
 92 | 	solution[getSize()-1]=sums[getSize()-1]/d;
 93 | 	for(int i=getSize()-2;i>=0;i--){
 94 | 		double t=0.0;
 95 | 		for(int j=i+1;j<=getSize()-1;j++)
 96 | 		    t+=element(i,j)*solution[j];
 97 | 		solution[i]=sums[i]-t;
 98 | 	} 
 99 | 	js[getSize()-1]=getSize()-1;
100 | 	for(int k=getSize()-1;k>=0;k--)
101 | 	    if(js[k]!=k) swap(solution[k],solution[js[k]]);
102 | 	delete[] js;
103 | 	return true;
104 | }
105 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组/LinearEqu.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //LinearEqu.h 文件二，LinearEqu类定义
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _LINEAR_EQU_H
 4 | #define _LINEAR_EQU_H
 5 | #include "Matrix.h"
 6 | 
 7 | class LinearEqu:public Matrix{               //公有派生类LinearEqu定义 
 8 | 	public:                                  //外部接口 
 9 | 		LinearEqu(int size=2);               //构造函数 
10 | 		~LinearEqu();                        //析构函数 
11 | 		void setLinearEqu(const double *a,const double *b);     //方程赋值 
12 | 		bool solve();                               //全选主元高斯消去法求解方程 
13 | 		void printLinearEqu() const;             //显示方程 
14 | 		void printSolution() const;             //显示方程的解 
15 | 	private:                                    //私有数据 
16 | 		double *sums;                         //方程右端项 
17 | 		double *solution;                     //方程的解 
18 | }; 
19 | 
20 | #endif                                        //_LINEAR_EQU_H 
21 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组/Matrix.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //Matrix.cpp 文件三，Matrix类实现
 2 | 
 3 | #include "Matrix.h"                          //包含类的定义头文件 
 4 | #include<iostream>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | void Matrix::setMatrix(const double *values){    //设置矩阵 
 8 | 	for(int i=0;i<size*size;i++)
 9 | 	    elements[i]=values[i];                    //矩阵成员赋初值 
10 | } 
11 | 
12 | Matrix::Matrix(int size/*=2*/):size(size){       //矩阵Matrix类的构造函数 
13 | 	elements=new double[size*size];              //动态内存分配 
14 | }
15 | 
16 | Matrix::~Matrix(){                               //矩阵Matrix类的析构函数 
17 | 	delete[] elements;                            //内存释放 
18 | }
19 | 
20 | void Matrix::printMatrix() const{              //显示矩阵的元素 
21 |     cout<<"The Matrix is:"<<endl;
22 |     for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
23 |         for(int j=0;j<size;j++)
24 |             cout<<element(i,j)<<" ";
25 |         cout<<endl;
26 | 	}
27 | }
28 | 


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/chapter_07/例7-9 全选主元高斯消去法解线性方程组/Matrix.h:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | //Matrix.h 文件一，Matrix类定义
 2 | 
 3 | #ifndef _MATRIX_H
 4 | #define _MATRIX_H
 5 | 
 6 | class Matrix{                            //基类Matrix定义 
 7 | 	public:                              //外部接口 
 8 | 		Matrix(int size=2);              //构造函数 
 9 | 		~Matrix();                       //析构函数 
10 | 		void setMatrix(const double *values);  //矩阵赋初值 
11 | 		void printMatrix() const;              //显示矩阵 
12 | 		int getSize() const {return size;}     //得到矩阵大小 
13 | 		double &element(int i,int j){return elements[i*size+j];}
14 | 		double element(int i,int j) const {return elements[i*size+j];}
15 | 	private:                                   //私有数据成员 
16 | 		int size;                              //矩阵大小 
17 | 		double *elements;                      //矩阵存放数组首地址 
18 | }; 
19 | 
20 | #endif                                   //_MATRIX_H 
21 | 


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 24 | UseCustomMakefile=0
 25 | CustomMakefile=
 26 | CommandLine=
 27 | Folders=
 28 | IncludeVersionInfo=0
 29 | SupportXPThemes=0
 30 | CompilerSet=3
 31 | CompilerSettings=0000000100000000000000000
 32 | UnitCount=5
 33 | 
 34 | [VersionInfo]
 35 | Major=1
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 38 | Build=0
 39 | LanguageID=1033
 40 | CharsetID=1252
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 43 | FileDescription=Developed using the Dev-C++ IDE
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 46 | LegalTrademarks=
 47 | OriginalFilename=
 48 | ProductName=
 49 | ProductVersion=
 50 | AutoIncBuildNr=0
 51 | SyncProduct=1
 52 | 
 53 | [Unit1]
 54 | FileName=Matrix.h
 55 | CompileCpp=1
 56 | Folder=
 57 | Compile=1
 58 | Link=1
 59 | Priority=1000
 60 | OverrideBuildCmd=0
 61 | BuildCmd=
 62 | 
 63 | [Unit2]
 64 | FileName=LinearEqu.h
 65 | CompileCpp=1
 66 | Folder=
 67 | Compile=1
 68 | Link=1
 69 | Priority=1000
 70 | OverrideBuildCmd=0
 71 | BuildCmd=
 72 | 
 73 | [Unit3]
 74 | FileName=Matrix.cpp
 75 | CompileCpp=1
 76 | Folder=
 77 | Compile=1
 78 | Link=1
 79 | Priority=1000
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 81 | BuildCmd=
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 83 | [Unit4]
 84 | FileName=LinearEqu.cpp
 85 | CompileCpp=1
 86 | Folder=
 87 | Compile=1
 88 | Link=1
 89 | Priority=1000
 90 | OverrideBuildCmd=0
 91 | BuildCmd=
 92 | 
 93 | [Unit5]
 94 | FileName=7_9.cpp
 95 | CompileCpp=1
 96 | Folder=
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 98 | Link=1
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100 | OverrideBuildCmd=0
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102 | 
103 | 


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/chapter_08/例8-1 复数类加减法运算重载为成员函数形式.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-10 typeid用法示例.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-2 将单目运算符“++”重载为成员函数形式.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-3 以非成员函数形式重载Complex的加减法运算和左移运算符.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-4 虚函数成员.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-5 虚析构函数举例.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-6 抽象类举例.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求函数的定积分/8_7.cpp:
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 1 | //8_7.cpp 文件三，主函数
 2 | 
 3 | #include "Trapzint.h"            //类定义头文件 
 4 | #include <iostream>
 5 | #include <iomanip>
 6 | using namespace std;
 7 | 
 8 | int main(){                      //主函数 
 9 | 	MyFunction f;                //定义MyFunction类的对象 
10 | 	Trapz trapz(f);              //定义Trapz类的对象 
11 | 	//计算并输出积分结果
12 | 	cout<<"TRAPZ Int: "<<setprecision(7)<<trapz(0,2,1e-7)<<endl;
13 | 	return 0; 
14 | } 
15 | 


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/chapter_08/例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求函数的定积分/Trapzint.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求函数的定积分/Trapzint.h:
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/chapter_08/例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求函数的定积分/例8-7 变步长梯形积分法求解函数的定积分.dev:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/8_8.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/account.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/account.h:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/accumulator.h:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/date.cpp:
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/chapter_08/例8-8 个人银行账户管理程序改进/date.h:
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/chapter_08/例8-9 dynamic_cast用法示例.cpp:
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/chapter_09/例9-1 函数模板的示例.cpp:
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 1 | //9_1.cpp 函数模板的示例
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | using namespace std;
 5 | 
 6 | template <class T>                           //定义函数模板 
 7 | void outputArray(const T *array,int count){
 8 | 	for(int i=0;i<count;i++)
 9 | 	    cout<<array[i]<<" ";
10 | 	cout<<endl;
11 | } 
12 | 
13 | int main(){                                   //主函数 
14 | 	const int A_COUNT=8,B_COUNT=8,C_COUNT=20;
15 | 	int a[A_COUNT]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};        //定义int数组 
16 | 	double b[B_COUNT]={1.1,2.2,3.3,4.4,5.5,6.6,7.7,8.8}; //定义double数组 
17 | 	char c[C_COUNT]="Welcome to see you!";     //定义char数组 
18 | 	
19 | 	cout<<"a array contains:"<<endl;
20 | 	outputArray(a,A_COUNT);                //调用函数模板 
21 | 	cout<<"b array contains:"<<endl;
22 | 	outputArray(b,B_COUNT);                //调用函数模板 
23 | 	cout<<"c array contains:"<<endl;
24 | 	outputArray(c,C_COUNT);                //调用函数模板 
25 | 	
26 | 	return 0; 
27 | }
28 | 


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/chapter_09/例9-2 类模板应用举例.cpp:
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 1 | //例9-2.cpp 类模板应用举例
 2 | 
 3 | #include<iostream>
 4 | #include<cstdlib>
 5 | using namespace std;
 6 | 
 7 | struct Student{               //结构体Student 
 8 | 	int id;                   //学号 
 9 | 	float gpa;                //平均分 
10 | }; 
11 | 
12 | template<class T>             //类模板 
13 | class Store{
14 | 	private:
15 | 		T item;               //item用于存放任意类型的数据 
16 | 		bool haveValue;       //haveValue标记item是否已被存入内容 
17 | 	public:
18 | 		Store();              //默认形式（无形参）的构造函数 
19 | 		T &getElem();         //提取数据函数 
20 | 		void putElem(const T &x);  //存入数据函数 
21 | };
22 | 
23 | //以下实现各成员函数
24 | template<class T>                 //默认构造函数的实现 
25 | Store<T>::Store():haveValue(false){} 
26 | 
27 | template<class T>             //提取数据函数的实现 
28 | T &Store<T>::getElem(){
29 | 	if(!haveValue){             //如果试图提取未初始化的数据，则程序终止 
30 | 		cout<<"No item present!"<<endl;
31 | 		exit(1);              //使程序完全退出，返回到操作系统 
32 | 		//参数可用来表示程序终止的原因，可以被操作系统接收 
33 | 	}
34 | 	return item;          //返回item中存放的数据 
35 | } 
36 | 
37 | template<class T>             //存入数据函数的实现 
38 | void Store<T>::putElem(const T &x){
39 | 	haveValue=true;               //将haveValue置为true，表示item中已存入数值 
40 | 	item=x;                     //将x值存入item 
41 | }
42 | 
43 | int main(){
44 | 	Store<int>s1,s2;   //定义两个Store<int>类对象，其中数据成员item为int类型 
45 | 	s1.putElem(3);          //向对象s1中存入数据（初始化对象s1） 
46 | 	s2.putElem(-7);         //向对象s2中存入数据（初始化对象s2) 
47 | 	cout<<s1.getElem()<<" "<<s2.getElem()<<endl;   //输出对象s1和s2的数据成员 
48 | 	
49 | 	Student g={1000,23};         //定义Student类型结构体变量的同时赋予初值 
50 | 	Store<Student>s3;    //定义Store<Student>类对象s3，其中数据成员item为Student类型 
51 | 	s3.putElem(g);                 //向对象s3中存入数据（初始化对象s3） 
52 | 	cout<<"The student id is "<<s3.getElem().id<<endl;   //输出对象s3的数据成员 
53 | 	
54 | 	Store<double>d;     //定义Store<double>类对象d，其中数据成员item为double类型 
55 | 	cout<<"Retrieving object d...";
56 | 	cout<<d.getElem()<<endl;           //输出对象d的数据成员 
57 | 	//由于d未经初始化，在执行函数d.getElem()过程中导致程序终止
58 | 	
59 | 	return 0; 
60 | }
61 | 


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