├── SungrowModbusWebClient ├── version.py ├── __init__.py └── SungrowModbusWebClient.py ├── requirements.txt ├── .gitattributes ├── .github └── FUNDING.yml ├── setup.py ├── .gitignore ├── README.md └── LICENSE /SungrowModbusWebClient/version.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | __version__ = '0.3.3' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /requirements.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pymodbus>=3.2.2 2 | websocket-client>=1.5.1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /SungrowModbusWebClient/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from .version import __version__ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitattributes: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization 2 | * text=auto 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/FUNDING.yml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # These are supported funding model platforms 2 | 3 | github: bohdan-s # Replace with up to 4 GitHub Sponsors-enabled usernames e.g., [user1, user2] 4 | #patreon: # Replace with a single Patreon username 5 | #open_collective: # Replace with a single Open Collective username 6 | #ko_fi: # Replace with a single Ko-fi username 7 | #tidelift: # Replace with a single Tidelift platform-name/package-name e.g., npm/babel 8 | #community_bridge: # Replace with a single Community Bridge project-name e.g., cloud-foundry 9 | #liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username 10 | #issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username 11 | #otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username 12 | #lfx_crowdfunding: # Replace with a single LFX Crowdfunding project-name e.g., cloud-foundry 13 | #custom: ['https://paypal.me/Bohdans'] # Replace with up to 4 custom sponsorship URLs e.g., ['link1', 'link2'] 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /setup.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import setuptools 2 | 3 | exec(open('SungrowModbusWebClient/version.py').read()) 4 | 5 | with open("README.md", "r") as fh: 6 | long_description = fh.read() 7 | 8 | setuptools.setup( 9 | name="SungrowModbusWebClient", 10 | version=__version__, 11 | author="Bohdan Flower", 12 | author_email="github@bohdan.net", 13 | description="A ModbusWebClient wrapper for talking to Sungrow WiNet-S Dongle via HTTP API", 14 | long_description=long_description, 15 | long_description_content_type="text/markdown", 16 | url="https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient", 17 | packages=setuptools.find_packages(), 18 | install_requires=[ 19 | 'pymodbus>=2.3.0', 20 | 'websocket-client>=1.2.1', 21 | ], 22 | classifiers=[ 23 | "Programming Language :: Python :: 3", 24 | "License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)", 25 | "Operating System :: OS Independent", 26 | ], 27 | python_requires='>=3.5.0', 28 | ) 29 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | *.egg-info/ 24 | .installed.cfg 25 | *.egg 26 | MANIFEST 27 | 28 | # PyInstaller 29 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 30 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 31 | *.manifest 32 | *.spec 33 | 34 | # Installer logs 35 | pip-log.txt 36 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 37 | 38 | # Unit test / coverage reports 39 | htmlcov/ 40 | .tox/ 41 | .nox/ 42 | .coverage 43 | .coverage.* 44 | .cache 45 | nosetests.xml 46 | coverage.xml 47 | *.cover 48 | .hypothesis/ 49 | .pytest_cache/ 50 | 51 | # Translations 52 | *.mo 53 | *.pot 54 | 55 | # Django stuff: 56 | *.log 57 | local_settings.py 58 | db.sqlite3 59 | 60 | # Flask stuff: 61 | instance/ 62 | .webassets-cache 63 | 64 | # Scrapy stuff: 65 | .scrapy 66 | 67 | # Sphinx documentation 68 | docs/_build/ 69 | 70 | # PyBuilder 71 | target/ 72 | 73 | # Jupyter Notebook 74 | .ipynb_checkpoints 75 | 76 | # IPython 77 | profile_default/ 78 | ipython_config.py 79 | 80 | # pyenv 81 | .python-version 82 | 83 | # celery beat schedule file 84 | celerybeat-schedule 85 | 86 | # SageMath parsed files 87 | *.sage.py 88 | 89 | # Environments 90 | .env 91 | .venv 92 | env/ 93 | venv/ 94 | ENV/ 95 | env.bak/ 96 | venv.bak/ 97 | 98 | # Spyder project settings 99 | .spyderproject 100 | .spyproject 101 | 102 | # Rope project settings 103 | .ropeproject 104 | 105 | # mkdocs documentation 106 | /site 107 | 108 | # mypy 109 | .mypy_cache/ 110 | .dmypy.json 111 | dmypy.json 112 | 113 | # Pyre type checker 114 | .pyre/ 115 | .DS_Store 116 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 |
2 | 3 | [![Contributors][contributors-shield]][contributors-url] 4 | [![Forks][forks-shield]][forks-url] 5 | [![Stargazers][stars-shield]][stars-url] 6 | [![Issues][issues-shield]][issues-url] 7 | [![GPL3 License][license-shield]][license-url] 8 | 9 |
10 |
11 | 12 |

SungrowModbusWebClient

13 | 14 |

15 | Drop in replacement for SungrowModbusTCPClient/ModbusTCPClient that uses Websockets and HTTP API requests to work around Sungrow disabling Modbus requests on WiNet-S Dongle. 16 |
17 |
18 | Report Bug 19 | · 20 | Request Feature 21 |

22 |
23 | 24 | 25 | ## About The Project 26 | Access Modbus RTU via HTTP API call to Sungrow WiNet-S. 27 | 28 | This uses HTTP requests to retrieve Modbus packets, add a header and then pass to PyModbus to parse like a standard Modbus RTU message 29 | 30 | Class based on pymodbus.ModbusTcpClient, completely interchangeable, just replace ModbusTcpClient() or SungrowModbusTcpClient() with SungrowModbusTcpClient() 31 | 32 |

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33 | 34 | ### Built With 35 | 36 | * [Python3](https://www.python.org/) 37 | 38 | ### Requires 39 | * [pymodbus>=2.4.0](https://pypi.org/project/pymodbus/) 40 | * [websocket-client>=1.2.1](https://pypi.org/project/websocket-client/) 41 | 42 |

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43 | 44 | 45 | ## Getting Started 46 | 47 | Install via PIP, then if replace ModbusTcpClient() or SungrowModbusTcpClient() with SungrowModbusWebClient() 48 | 49 | ### Installation 50 | 51 | 1. Install with PIP 52 | ```sh 53 | pip install SungrowModbusWebClient 54 | ``` 55 | 56 |

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57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | ## Usage 62 | 63 | For Solariot, open solariot.py 64 | 65 | Add to the top: from SungrowModbusWebClient import SungrowModbusWebClient 66 | 67 | Replace SungrowModbusTcpClient with SungrowModbusWebClient near lines 100 & 101 68 | 69 |

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70 | 71 | 72 | ## Tested 73 | * SG7.0RT with WiNet-S Dongle 74 | * SG10RT with WiNet-S Dongle 75 | 76 |

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77 | 78 | 79 | ## Building 80 | ```sh 81 | python setup.py sdist 82 | twine upload dist/* 83 | ``` 84 | 85 |

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86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | ## License 90 | 91 | Distributed under the GPL3 License. See `LICENSE.txt` for more information. 92 | 93 |

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94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | ## Contact 98 | 99 | Project Link: [https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient](https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient) 100 | 101 |

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102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | ## Acknowledgments 106 | 107 | * [solariot](https://github.com/meltaxa/solariot) 108 | * [Sungrow-Modbus](https://github.com/rpvelloso/Sungrow-Modbus) 109 | * [modbus4mqtt](https://github.com/tjhowse/modbus4mqtt) 110 | 111 |

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112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | [contributors-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient.svg?style=for-the-badge 118 | [contributors-url]: https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient/graphs/contributors 119 | [forks-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/forks/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient.svg?style=for-the-badge 120 | [forks-url]: https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient/network/members 121 | [stars-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient.svg?style=for-the-badge 122 | [stars-url]: https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient/stargazers 123 | [issues-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/issues/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient.svg?style=for-the-badge 124 | [issues-url]: https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient/issues 125 | [license-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/license/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient.svg?style=for-the-badge 126 | [license-url]: https://github.com/bohdan-s/SungrowModbusWebClient/blob/main/LICENSE.txt -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /SungrowModbusWebClient/SungrowModbusWebClient.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from pymodbus.client import BaseModbusClient 2 | from pymodbus.transaction import ModbusSocketFramer, ModbusBinaryFramer 3 | from pymodbus.factory import ClientDecoder 4 | from pymodbus.exceptions import ConnectionException 5 | from websocket import create_connection 6 | from .version import __version__ 7 | 8 | import requests 9 | import logging 10 | import json 11 | import time 12 | 13 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 14 | # Modbus Web Client Transport Implementation for Sungrow WiNet-S Dongle 15 | # Drop in replacement for ModbusTcpClient/SungrowModbusTCPClient 16 | # This uses HTTP requests to retrieve Modbus packets, add a header and then 17 | # pass to PyModbus to parse like a standard Modbus RTU message 18 | # --------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 19 | 20 | class SungrowModbusWebClient(BaseModbusClient): 21 | """ Implementation of a modbus over Sungrow HTTP client 22 | """ 23 | 24 | # See: Appendix 6、Device Information in "Communication Protocol of PV Grid-Connected String Inverters" 25 | # https://github.com/bohdan-s/Sungrow-Inverter/blob/main/Modbus%20Information/Communication%20Protocol%20of%20PV%20Grid-Connected%20String%20Inverters_V1.1.37_EN.pdf 26 | # TD_202103_Sungrow Inverter and Compatible Accessories_V1.0: SG5.0/7.0/10/15/20RT 27 | # https://github.com/bohdan-s/Sungrow-Inverter/blob/main/Install%20Guides/TD_202103_Sungrow%20Inverter%20and%20Compatible%20Accessories_V1.0.pdf 28 | 29 | def __init__(self, host='127.0.0.1', port=8082, 30 | framer=ModbusSocketFramer, **kwargs): 31 | """ Initialize a client instance 32 | :param host: The host to connect to (default 127.0.0.1) 33 | :param port: The websocket port to connect to (default 8082) 34 | :param timeout: The timeout to use for this socket (default 5) 35 | :param framer: The modbus framer to use (default ModbusSocketFramer) 36 | .. note:: The host argument will accept ipv4 and ipv6 hosts 37 | """ 38 | 39 | self.dev_host = host 40 | self.ws_port = port 41 | self.timeout = kwargs.get('timeout', '5') 42 | self.ws_socket = None 43 | BaseModbusClient.__init__(self, framer(ClientDecoder(), self), **kwargs) 44 | 45 | self.ws_endpoint = "ws://" + str(self.dev_host) + ":" + str(self.ws_port) + "/ws/home/overview" 46 | self.ws_token = "" 47 | self.dev_type = "" 48 | self.dev_code = "" 49 | 50 | def connect(self): 51 | """ Connect via WebSocket to Dongle, retrieve Device details and Token 52 | :returns: True if connection succeeded, False otherwise 53 | """ 54 | 55 | if self.ws_token: 56 | return True 57 | 58 | try: 59 | self.ws_socket = create_connection(self.ws_endpoint,timeout=self.timeout) 60 | except Exception as err: 61 | logging.debug(f"Connection to websocket server failed: {self.ws_endpoint}, Message: {err}") 62 | return None 63 | 64 | logging.debug("Connection to websocket server established: " + self.ws_endpoint) 65 | 66 | self.ws_socket.send(json.dumps({ "lang": "en_us", "token": self.ws_token, "service": "connect" })) 67 | try: 68 | result = self.ws_socket.recv() 69 | except Exception as err: 70 | result = "" 71 | raise ConnectionException(f"Websocket error: {str(err)}") 72 | 73 | try: 74 | payload_dict = json.loads(result) 75 | logging.debug(payload_dict) 76 | except Exception as err: 77 | raise ConnectionException(f"Data error: {str(result)}\n\t\t\t\t{str(err)}") 78 | 79 | if payload_dict['result_msg'] == 'success': 80 | self.ws_token = payload_dict['result_data']['token'] 81 | logging.info("Token Retrieved: " + self.ws_token) 82 | else: 83 | self.ws_token = "" 84 | raise ConnectionException(f"Connection Failed {payload_dict['result_msg']}") 85 | 86 | logging.debug("Requesting Device Information") 87 | self.ws_socket.send(json.dumps({ "lang": "en_us", "token": self.ws_token, "service": "devicelist", "type": "0","is_check_token": "0" })) 88 | #self.ws_socket.send(json.dumps({ "lang": "en_us", "token": self.ws_token, "service": "runtime" })) 89 | result = self.ws_socket.recv() 90 | payload_dict = json.loads(result) 91 | logging.debug(payload_dict) 92 | 93 | if payload_dict['result_msg'] == 'success': 94 | # Device Type, 21 = PV Inverter, 35 = Hybrid Inverter 95 | self.dev_type = payload_dict['result_data']['list'][0]['dev_type'] 96 | # Device model, see Appendix 6 97 | self.dev_code = payload_dict['result_data']['list'][0]['dev_code'] 98 | #self.dev_code = next(s for s in self.model_codes if self.model_codes[s] == payload_dict['result_data']['list'][0]['dev_model']) 99 | logging.debug("Retrieved: dev_type = " + str(self.dev_type) + ", dev_code = " + str(self.dev_code)) 100 | else: 101 | logging.warning("Connection Failed", payload_dict['result_msg'] ) 102 | raise ConnectionException(self.__str__()) 103 | 104 | return self.ws_socket is not None 105 | 106 | def close(self): 107 | return self.ws_socket is None 108 | 109 | def _send(self, request): 110 | """ Sends data on the underlying socket 111 | :param request: The encoded request to send 112 | :return: The number of bytes written 113 | """ 114 | 115 | if not self.ws_token: 116 | self.connect() 117 | 118 | self.header = request 119 | 120 | """ param_type should be: 121 | 0 = 4x read-only 122 | 1 = 3x holding 123 | """ 124 | if str(request[7]) == '4': 125 | param_type=0 126 | elif str(request[7]) == '3': 127 | param_type=1 128 | 129 | address = (256*request[8]+request[9]) + 1 130 | count = 256*request[10]+request[11] 131 | dev_id = str(request[6]) 132 | self.payload_modbus = "" 133 | 134 | logging.debug("param_type: " + str(param_type) + ", start_address: " + str(address) + ", count: " + str(count) + ", dev_id: " +str(dev_id)) 135 | logging.debug(f'Calling: http://{str(self.dev_host)}/device/getParam?dev_id={dev_id}&dev_type={str(self.dev_type)}&dev_code={str(self.dev_code)}&type=3¶m_addr={address}¶m_num={count}¶m_type={str(param_type)}&token={self.ws_token}&lang=en_us&time123456={str(int(time.time()))}') 136 | try: 137 | r =requests.get(f'http://{str(self.dev_host)}/device/getParam?dev_id={dev_id}&dev_type={str(self.dev_type)}&dev_code={str(self.dev_code)}&type=3¶m_addr={address}¶m_num={count}¶m_type={str(param_type)}&token={self.ws_token}&lang=en_us&time123456={str(int(time.time()))}', timeout=self.timeout) 138 | except Exception as err: 139 | raise ConnectionException(f"HTTP Request failed: {str(err)}") 140 | logging.debug("HTTP Status code " + str(r.status_code)) 141 | if str(r.status_code) == '200': 142 | self.payload_dict = json.loads(str(r.text)) 143 | logging.debug("Payload Status code " + str(self.payload_dict.get('result_code', "N/A"))) 144 | logging.debug("Payload Dict: " + str(self.payload_dict)) 145 | if self.payload_dict.get('result_code',0) == 1: 146 | modbus_data = self.payload_dict['result_data']['param_value'].split(' ') 147 | modbus_data.pop() # remove null on the end 148 | data_len = int(len(modbus_data)) # length of data 149 | logging.debug("Data length: " + str(data_len)) 150 | # Build the Header, The header is consumed by pyModbus and not actually sent to the device 151 | # [aaaa][bbbb][cccc][dd][ee][ff] a = Transaction ID, b = Protocol ID, c = Message Length (Data + Header of 3), d = Device ID, e = Function Code, f = Data Length 152 | self.payload_modbus = ['00', format(request[1], '02x'), '00', '00', '00', format((data_len+3), '02x'), format(request[6], '02x'), format(request[7], '02x'), format(data_len, '02x')] 153 | # Attach the data we recieved from HTTP request to the header we created to make a modbus RTU message 154 | self.payload_modbus.extend(modbus_data) 155 | #logging.debug("Modbus RTU: " + str(self.payload_modbus)) 156 | return self.payload_modbus 157 | elif self.payload_dict.get('result_code',0) == 106: 158 | self.ws_token = "" 159 | raise ConnectionException(f"Token Expired: {str(self.payload_dict.get('result_code'))}:{str(self.payload_dict.get('result_msg'))} ") 160 | else: 161 | raise ConnectionException(f"Connection Failed: {str(self.payload_dict.get('result_code'))}:{str(self.payload_dict.get('result_msg'))} ") 162 | else: 163 | raise ConnectionException(f"Connection Failed: {str(self.payload_dict.get('result_code'))}:{str(self.payload_dict.get('result_msg'))} ") 164 | 165 | def _recv(self, size): 166 | """ This doesn't actually recieve any data. 167 | This will process the data already returned in the HTTP response in _send(), self.payload_modbus 168 | """ 169 | 170 | if not self.payload_modbus: 171 | logging.error(f"Recieve Failed: payload is empty") 172 | raise ConnectionException(self.__str__()) 173 | 174 | # If size isn't specified read up to 4096 bytes at a time. 175 | if size is None: 176 | recv_size = 4096 177 | else: 178 | recv_size = size 179 | 180 | data = [] 181 | counter = 0 182 | time_ = time.time() 183 | 184 | logging.debug("Modbus payload: " + str(self.payload_modbus)) 185 | 186 | for temp_byte in self.payload_modbus: 187 | if temp_byte: 188 | data.append(bytes.fromhex(temp_byte)) 189 | time_ = time.time() 190 | 191 | counter+=1 192 | if counter == recv_size: 193 | break 194 | 195 | # remove the data from the existing payload (pyModbus retrieves 8 byte header first, then data) 196 | del self.payload_modbus[0:counter] 197 | 198 | logging.debug("Requested Size: " + str(size) + ", Returned Size: " + str(counter)) 199 | 200 | if int(counter) < int(size): 201 | return self._handle_abrupt_socket_close(size, data, time.time() - time_) 202 | 203 | return b"".join(data) 204 | 205 | def is_socket_open(self): 206 | return True if self.ws_socket is not None else False 207 | 208 | def __str__(self): 209 | """ Builds a string representation of the connection 210 | :returns: The string representation 211 | """ 212 | return "SungrowModbusWebClient_%s(%s:%s)" % (__version__, self.dev_host, self.ws_port) 213 | 214 | def __repr__(self): 215 | return ( 216 | "<{} at {} socket={self.ws_socket}, ipaddr={self.dev_host}, " 217 | "port={self.ws_port}, timeout={self.timeout}>" 218 | ).format(self.__class__.__name__, hex(id(self)), self=self) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------