├── run.sh ├── sub.py ├── README.md ├── wordlehack.go ├── Untitled.ipynb └── LICENSE /run.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | go run wordlehack.go | tee score 2 | awk '{ print $2 " " $1 }' scores|sort -n|head 3 | 4 | python3 sub.py raise < La.json > La_no_raise.json 5 | go run wordlehack.go La_no_raise.json |tee scores_no_raise 6 | awk '{ print $2 " " $1 }' scores_no_raise |sort -n|head 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /sub.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import json 2 | import sys 3 | 4 | ob = json.load(sys.stdin) 5 | nset = set(sys.argv[1]) 6 | out = [] 7 | for w in ob: 8 | if len(nset.intersection(w)) == 0: 9 | out.append(w) 10 | json.dump(out, sys.stdout) 11 | sys.stderr.write('{} in {} out\n'.format(len(ob), len(out))) 12 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Wordle Hacking 2 | 3 | Analysis of the data in [https://www.powerlanguage.co.uk/wordle/](https://www.powerlanguage.co.uk/wordle/) 4 | 5 | Extraction of word lists from that page into files `La.json` and `Ta.json` is left as an exercise to the reader. 6 | 7 | ## The Best Start Word: raise 8 | 9 | There are two word lists of 5 letter words; one with 2315 words and one with 10657 words. Others have noted that the shorter list is probably words that could ever be a solution to wordle, and the longer list is things that will also be accepted as guesses. Linux /usr/share/dict/words contains only 6112 words that match `^[a-zA-Z]{5}$` . 10 | 11 | Doing letter frequency analysis on the union of these lists leads to the impression that the best word (with the most frequent letters) is "[soare](https://www.thefreedictionary.com/soare)" (an obsolete word for a young hawk). Doing this just on the solution list yields "later" "alter" or "alert". 12 | 13 | But we can do better. [wordlehack.go](wordlehack.go) does the following: 14 | 15 | ``` 16 | for each guess word: 17 | for each target word: 18 | for some {target} and {guess}, how many possible words remain? 19 | get the sum of remaning words for all targets 20 | ``` 21 | 22 | So, what word has on average the fewest remaining words after it has been guessed, across all possible targets? "raise" 23 | 24 | This takes into account letter position, not just letter frequency. "arise" is not quite as good. 25 | 26 | And if "raise" gets you nothing, re-running with everything with those letters removed leaves only 168 words and the best splitter for those is "could". 27 | 28 | But if you want to charge forward with a 2 word opener, "clout" is the highest rated splitter of the whole 2315 word set that has no letters from "raise" in it. 29 | 30 | So, there you go, go forth and be more reputable among your peers. raise your clout. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /wordlehack.go: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | package main 2 | 3 | import ( 4 | "encoding/json" 5 | "fmt" 6 | "os" 7 | "regexp" 8 | "runtime" 9 | "strings" 10 | "sync" 11 | ) 12 | 13 | func maybefail(err error, msg string, args ...interface{}) { 14 | if err == nil { 15 | return 16 | } 17 | fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, msg, args...) 18 | os.Exit(1) 19 | } 20 | 21 | type StringInt struct { 22 | S string 23 | I int 24 | } 25 | 26 | func guessThread(la []string, guesses chan string, out chan StringInt, wg *sync.WaitGroup) { 27 | defer wg.Done() 28 | var hasb [5]byte 29 | var notb [5]byte 30 | var posb [5]string 31 | for guess := range guesses { 32 | gb := []byte(guess) 33 | count := 0 34 | for _, target := range la { 35 | if target == guess { 36 | continue 37 | } 38 | has := hasb[:0] 39 | not := notb[:0] 40 | for gci, gc := range gb { 41 | if gc == target[gci] { 42 | posb[gci] = string(gb[gci : gci+1]) 43 | } else if strings.IndexByte(target, gc) != -1 { 44 | has = append(has, gc) 45 | posb[gci] = fmt.Sprintf("[^%c]", gc) 46 | } else { 47 | posb[gci] = "." 48 | not = append(not, gc) 49 | } 50 | } 51 | res := strings.Join(posb[:], "") 52 | re := regexp.MustCompile(res) 53 | 54 | for _, w := range la { 55 | if !re.MatchString(w) { 56 | continue 57 | } 58 | hit := true 59 | for _, c := range has { 60 | if strings.IndexByte(w, c) == -1 { 61 | hit = false 62 | break 63 | } 64 | } 65 | if !hit { 66 | continue 67 | } 68 | for _, c := range not { 69 | if strings.IndexByte(w, c) != -1 { 70 | hit = false 71 | break 72 | } 73 | } 74 | if !hit { 75 | continue 76 | } 77 | count++ 78 | } 79 | } 80 | out <- StringInt{guess, count} 81 | } 82 | } 83 | 84 | func submitter(la []string, guesses chan string) { 85 | for _, guess := range la { 86 | guesses <- guess 87 | } 88 | close(guesses) 89 | } 90 | 91 | func main() { 92 | path := "La.json" 93 | if len(os.Args) > 1 { 94 | path = os.Args[1] 95 | } 96 | fin, err := os.Open(path) 97 | maybefail(err, "%s: %v", path, err) 98 | dec := json.NewDecoder(fin) 99 | var la []string 100 | err = dec.Decode(&la) 101 | maybefail(err, "%s: []string: %v", path, err) 102 | wg := sync.WaitGroup{} 103 | guesses := make(chan string, 20) 104 | results := make(chan StringInt, 20) 105 | for i := 0; i < runtime.NumCPU(); i++ { 106 | go guessThread(la, guesses, results, &wg) 107 | wg.Add(1) 108 | } 109 | go submitter(la, guesses) 110 | go func() { 111 | wg.Wait() 112 | close(results) 113 | }() 114 | for xr := range results { 115 | guess := xr.S 116 | count := xr.I 117 | fmt.Printf("%s\t%d\n", guess, count) 118 | } 119 | } 120 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Untitled.ipynb: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "cells": [ 3 | { 4 | "cell_type": "code", 5 | "execution_count": 1, 6 | "metadata": {}, 7 | "outputs": [], 8 | "source": [ 9 | "import json" 10 | ] 11 | }, 12 | { 13 | "cell_type": "code", 14 | "execution_count": 2, 15 | "metadata": {}, 16 | "outputs": [], 17 | "source": [ 18 | "la = json.load(open('La.json'))\n", 19 | "ta = json.load(open('Ta.json'))" 20 | ] 21 | }, 22 | { 23 | "cell_type": "code", 24 | "execution_count": 3, 25 | "metadata": {}, 26 | "outputs": [ 27 | { 28 | "name": "stdout", 29 | "output_type": "stream", 30 | "text": [ 31 | "2315 10657\n" 32 | ] 33 | } 34 | ], 35 | "source": [ 36 | "print(len(la), len(ta))" 37 | ] 38 | }, 39 | { 40 | "cell_type": "code", 41 | "execution_count": 6, 42 | "metadata": {}, 43 | "outputs": [ 44 | { 45 | "name": "stdout", 46 | "output_type": "stream", 47 | "text": [ 48 | "0\n" 49 | ] 50 | } 51 | ], 52 | "source": [ 53 | "print(len(set(la).intersection(set(ta))))" 54 | ] 55 | }, 56 | { 57 | "cell_type": "code", 58 | "execution_count": 7, 59 | "metadata": {}, 60 | "outputs": [], 61 | "source": [ 62 | "aw = set(la).union(set(ta))" 63 | ] 64 | }, 65 | { 66 | "cell_type": "code", 67 | "execution_count": 8, 68 | "metadata": {}, 69 | "outputs": [ 70 | { 71 | "name": "stdout", 72 | "output_type": "stream", 73 | "text": [ 74 | "12972\n" 75 | ] 76 | } 77 | ], 78 | "source": [ 79 | "print(len(aw))" 80 | ] 81 | }, 82 | { 83 | "cell_type": "code", 84 | "execution_count": 13, 85 | "metadata": {}, 86 | "outputs": [], 87 | "source": [ 88 | "cc = {}\n", 89 | "for w in la:\n", 90 | " ws = set(w)\n", 91 | " for c in ws:\n", 92 | " cc[c] = cc.get(c,0)+1 " 93 | ] 94 | }, 95 | { 96 | "cell_type": "code", 97 | "execution_count": 14, 98 | "metadata": {}, 99 | "outputs": [ 100 | { 101 | "data": { 102 | "text/plain": [ 103 | "[(1056, 'e'),\n", 104 | " (909, 'a'),\n", 105 | " (837, 'r'),\n", 106 | " (673, 'o'),\n", 107 | " (667, 't'),\n", 108 | " (648, 'l'),\n", 109 | " (647, 'i'),\n", 110 | " (618, 's'),\n", 111 | " (550, 'n'),\n", 112 | " (457, 'u'),\n", 113 | " (448, 'c'),\n", 114 | " (417, 'y'),\n", 115 | " (379, 'h'),\n", 116 | " (370, 'd'),\n", 117 | " (346, 'p'),\n", 118 | " (300, 'g'),\n", 119 | " (298, 'm'),\n", 120 | " (267, 'b'),\n", 121 | " (207, 'f'),\n", 122 | " (202, 'k'),\n", 123 | " (194, 'w'),\n", 124 | " (149, 'v'),\n", 125 | " (37, 'x'),\n", 126 | " (35, 'z'),\n", 127 | " (29, 'q'),\n", 128 | " (27, 'j')]" 129 | ] 130 | }, 131 | "execution_count": 14, 132 | "metadata": {}, 133 | "output_type": "execute_result" 134 | } 135 | ], 136 | "source": [ 137 | "sorted([(count,c) for c,count in cc.items()], reverse=True)" 138 | ] 139 | }, 140 | { 141 | "cell_type": "code", 142 | "execution_count": 18, 143 | "metadata": {}, 144 | "outputs": [ 145 | { 146 | "name": "stdout", 147 | "output_type": "stream", 148 | "text": [ 149 | "[(4117, 'later'), (4117, 'alter'), (4117, 'alert'), (4116, 'irate'), (4093, 'arose'), (4087, 'stare'), (4067, 'raise'), (4067, 'arise'), (4000, 'renal'), (4000, 'learn')]\n" 150 | ] 151 | } 152 | ], 153 | "source": [ 154 | "scores = []\n", 155 | "for w in la:\n", 156 | " ws = set(w)\n", 157 | " score = 0\n", 158 | " for c in ws:\n", 159 | " score += cc.get(c,0)\n", 160 | " scores.append((score,w))\n", 161 | "scores.sort(reverse=True)\n", 162 | "print(scores[:10])" 163 | ] 164 | }, 165 | { 166 | "cell_type": "code", 167 | "execution_count": 20, 168 | "metadata": {}, 169 | "outputs": [ 170 | { 171 | "name": "stdout", 172 | "output_type": "stream", 173 | "text": [ 174 | "[(2936, 'sonic'), (2936, 'scion'), (2905, 'noisy'), (2756, 'disco'), (2755, 'bison'), (2668, 'sound'), (2628, 'synod'), (2611, 'shiny'), (2578, 'spiny'), (2572, 'using')]\n" 175 | ] 176 | } 177 | ], 178 | "source": [ 179 | "alterset = set('alter')\n", 180 | "nextw = []\n", 181 | "for score,w in scores:\n", 182 | " if len(alterset.intersection(w)) == 0:\n", 183 | " nextw.append((score,w))\n", 184 | "print(nextw[:10])" 185 | ] 186 | }, 187 | { 188 | "cell_type": "code", 189 | "execution_count": 21, 190 | "metadata": {}, 191 | "outputs": [], 192 | "source": [ 193 | "import re\n", 194 | "w5 = re.compile(r'^[a-zA-Z]{5}$')" 195 | ] 196 | }, 197 | { 198 | "cell_type": "code", 199 | "execution_count": 22, 200 | "metadata": {}, 201 | "outputs": [ 202 | { 203 | "name": "stdout", 204 | "output_type": "stream", 205 | "text": [ 206 | "6112\n" 207 | ] 208 | } 209 | ], 210 | "source": [ 211 | "d5 = []\n", 212 | "with open('/usr/share/dict/words') as fin:\n", 213 | " for line in fin:\n", 214 | " line = line.strip()\n", 215 | " m = w5.match(line)\n", 216 | " if m:\n", 217 | " d5.append(line)\n", 218 | "print(len(d5))" 219 | ] 220 | }, 221 | { 222 | "cell_type": "code", 223 | "execution_count": 24, 224 | "metadata": {}, 225 | "outputs": [], 226 | "source": [ 227 | "def matchres(target, guess):\n", 228 | " parts = []\n", 229 | " has = set()\n", 230 | " for tc,gc in zip(target,guess):\n", 231 | " if tc == gc:\n", 232 | " parts.append(gc)\n", 233 | " elif gc in target:\n", 234 | " parts.append('[^'+gc+']')\n", 235 | " has.add(gc)\n", 236 | " else:\n", 237 | " parts.append('.')\n", 238 | " if has:\n", 239 | " return (re.compile(''.join(parts)), re.compile('['+''.join(has)+']'))\n", 240 | " else:\n", 241 | " return (re.compile(''.join(parts)),)" 242 | ] 243 | }, 244 | { 245 | "cell_type": "code", 246 | "execution_count": 27, 247 | "metadata": {}, 248 | "outputs": [ 249 | { 250 | "name": "stdout", 251 | "output_type": "stream", 252 | "text": [ 253 | "later 706099\n", 254 | "alter 660824\n", 255 | "alert 662389\n", 256 | "irate 693455\n", 257 | "arose 685186\n", 258 | "stare 791420\n", 259 | "raise 653257\n", 260 | "arise 646635\n", 261 | "renal 680829\n", 262 | "learn 680054\n", 263 | "snare 722013\n", 264 | "saner 727180\n", 265 | "trace 808276\n", 266 | "react 794196\n", 267 | "crate 824540\n", 268 | "cater 825885\n", 269 | "steal 763732\n", 270 | "stale 770908\n", 271 | "slate 753494\n", 272 | "least 800127\n", 273 | "clear 776474\n", 274 | "teary 680769\n", 275 | "aisle 709693\n", 276 | "scare 812805\n", 277 | "relay 709168\n", 278 | "layer 701760\n", 279 | "early 721939\n", 280 | "atone 625745\n", 281 | "store 816911\n", 282 | "heart 831382\n", 283 | "hater 872338\n", 284 | "earth 836641\n", 285 | "adore 744769\n", 286 | "tread 844369\n", 287 | "trade 857984\n", 288 | "alone 579348\n", 289 | "loser 790822\n", 290 | "leant 678001\n", 291 | "opera 774335\n", 292 | "aider 674052\n", 293 | "taper 852152\n", 294 | "alien 645358\n", 295 | "crane 832146\n", 296 | "shear 765462\n", 297 | "share 783611\n", 298 | "pearl 819924\n", 299 | "paler 852418\n", 300 | "tenor 740803\n", 301 | "yearn 703707\n", 302 | "great 883369\n", 303 | "grate 901198\n", 304 | "tamer 855143\n", 305 | "spear 854169\n", 306 | "spare 871217\n", 307 | "parse 944814\n", 308 | "inter 821458\n", 309 | "inert 815132\n", 310 | "regal 829334\n", 311 | "large 859593\n", 312 | "lager 858164\n", 313 | "glare 855517\n", 314 | "realm 816054\n", 315 | "liner 672683\n", 316 | "snore 750283\n", 317 | "ratio 650088\n", 318 | "stern 816080\n", 319 | "eclat 790766\n", 320 | "cleat 767847\n", 321 | "smear 850020\n", 322 | "blare 910725\n", 323 | "baler 912278\n", 324 | "trial 719146\n", 325 | "trail 698591\n", 326 | "siren 727655\n", 327 | "risen 819084\n", 328 | "rinse 800374\n", 329 | "resin 840620\n", 330 | "saute 752997\n", 331 | "roast 890524\n", 332 | "caste 931782\n", 333 | "route 777067\n", 334 | "outer 790116\n", 335 | "solar 756581\n", 336 | "scale 849961\n", 337 | "stair 833337\n", 338 | "after 882402\n", 339 | "taker 859578\n", 340 | "yeast 806469\n", 341 | "water 953541\n", 342 | "stole 753710\n", 343 | "lathe 822090\n", 344 | "flare 912526\n", 345 | "feral 901861\n", 346 | "afire 729557\n", 347 | "trice 854788\n", 348 | "range 879526\n", 349 | "anger 845923\n", 350 | "ramen 821771\n", 351 | "delta 859224\n", 352 | "dealt 820708\n", 353 | "rouse 812311\n", 354 | "relic 777307\n", 355 | "ocean 732044\n", 356 | "islet 948202\n", 357 | "canoe 694531\n", 358 | "score 845044\n", 359 | "ideal 806231\n", 360 | "enact 778558\n", 361 | "reach 892237\n", 362 | "haste 1020480\n", 363 | "safer 916032\n", 364 | "pleat 818831\n", 365 | "plate 845562\n", 366 | "petal 836185\n", 367 | "leapt 821552\n", 368 | "crest 953915\n", 369 | "stead 871762\n", 370 | "cedar 910597\n", 371 | "avert 934831\n", 372 | "swear 904089\n" 373 | ] 374 | }, 375 | { 376 | "ename": "KeyboardInterrupt", 377 | "evalue": "", 378 | "output_type": "error", 379 | "traceback": [ 380 | "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m", 381 | "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)", 382 | "\u001b[0;32m\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mcontinue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 7\u001b[0m \u001b[0mres\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmatchres\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtarget\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mguess\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 8\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mw\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mla\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 9\u001b[0m \u001b[0mhit\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 10\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrei\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mres\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n", 383 | "\u001b[0;31mKeyboardInterrupt\u001b[0m: " 384 | ] 385 | } 386 | ], 387 | "source": [ 388 | "posc = []\n", 389 | "for _,guess in scores:\n", 390 | " count = 0\n", 391 | " for target in la:\n", 392 | " if guess == target:\n", 393 | " continue\n", 394 | " res = matchres(target,guess)\n", 395 | " for w in la:\n", 396 | " hit = True\n", 397 | " for rei in res:\n", 398 | " m = rei.match(w)\n", 399 | " if not m:\n", 400 | " hit = False\n", 401 | " break\n", 402 | " if hit:\n", 403 | " count += 1\n", 404 | " print(guess,count)\n", 405 | " posc.append((count,guess))\n", 406 | "posc.sort()\n", 407 | "print(posc[:10])" 408 | ] 409 | }, 410 | { 411 | "cell_type": "code", 412 | "execution_count": null, 413 | "metadata": {}, 414 | "outputs": [], 415 | "source": [] 416 | } 417 | ], 418 | "metadata": { 419 | "kernelspec": { 420 | "display_name": "Python 3", 421 | "language": "python", 422 | "name": "python3" 423 | }, 424 | "language_info": { 425 | "codemirror_mode": { 426 | "name": "ipython", 427 | "version": 3 428 | }, 429 | "file_extension": ".py", 430 | "mimetype": "text/x-python", 431 | "name": "python", 432 | "nbconvert_exporter": "python", 433 | "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", 434 | "version": "3.8.10" 435 | } 436 | }, 437 | "nbformat": 4, 438 | "nbformat_minor": 4 439 | } 440 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, 15 | the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to 16 | share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free 17 | software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the 18 | GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to 19 | any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to 20 | your programs, too. 21 | 22 | When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 23 | price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 24 | have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 25 | them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you 26 | want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new 27 | free programs, and that you know you can do these things. 28 | 29 | To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you 30 | these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have 31 | certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if 32 | you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. 33 | 34 | For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 35 | gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same 36 | freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive 37 | or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they 38 | know their rights. 39 | 40 | Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: 41 | (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License 42 | giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. 43 | 44 | For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains 45 | that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and 46 | authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as 47 | changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to 48 | authors of previous versions. 49 | 50 | Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run 51 | modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer 52 | can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of 53 | protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic 54 | pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to 55 | use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we 56 | have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those 57 | products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we 58 | stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions 59 | of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users. 60 | 61 | Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. 62 | States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of 63 | software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to 64 | avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could 65 | make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that 66 | patents cannot be used to render the program non-free. 67 | 68 | The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 69 | modification follow. 70 | 71 | TERMS AND CONDITIONS 72 | 73 | 0. Definitions. 74 | 75 | "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. 76 | 77 | "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of 78 | works, such as semiconductor masks. 79 | 80 | "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this 81 | License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and 82 | "recipients" may be individuals or organizations. 83 | 84 | To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work 85 | in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an 86 | exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the 87 | earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work. 88 | 89 | A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based 90 | on the Program. 91 | 92 | To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without 93 | permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for 94 | infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a 95 | computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, 96 | distribution (with or without modification), making available to the 97 | public, and in some countries other activities as well. 98 | 99 | To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other 100 | parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through 101 | a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying. 102 | 103 | An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" 104 | to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible 105 | feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) 106 | tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the 107 | extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the 108 | work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If 109 | the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a 110 | menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion. 111 | 112 | 1. Source Code. 113 | 114 | The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work 115 | for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source 116 | form of a work. 117 | 118 | A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official 119 | standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of 120 | interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that 121 | is widely used among developers working in that language. 122 | 123 | The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other 124 | than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of 125 | packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major 126 | Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that 127 | Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an 128 | implementation is available to the public in source code form. A 129 | "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component 130 | (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system 131 | (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to 132 | produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it. 133 | 134 | The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all 135 | the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable 136 | work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to 137 | control those activities. However, it does not include the work's 138 | System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free 139 | programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but 140 | which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source 141 | includes interface definition files associated with source files for 142 | the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically 143 | linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, 144 | such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those 145 | subprograms and other parts of the work. 146 | 147 | The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users 148 | can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding 149 | Source. 150 | 151 | The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that 152 | same work. 153 | 154 | 2. Basic Permissions. 155 | 156 | All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of 157 | copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated 158 | conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited 159 | permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a 160 | covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its 161 | content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your 162 | rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law. 163 | 164 | You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not 165 | convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains 166 | in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose 167 | of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you 168 | with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with 169 | the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do 170 | not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works 171 | for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction 172 | and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of 173 | your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you. 174 | 175 | Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under 176 | the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 177 | makes it unnecessary. 178 | 179 | 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law. 180 | 181 | No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological 182 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 183 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or 184 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such 185 | measures. 186 | 187 | When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid 188 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention 189 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to 190 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or 191 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's 192 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of 193 | technological measures. 194 | 195 | 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies. 196 | 197 | You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you 198 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and 199 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; 200 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any 201 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; 202 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all 203 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program. 204 | 205 | You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, 206 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee. 207 | 208 | 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions. 209 | 210 | You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to 211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the 212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 213 | 214 | a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified 215 | it, and giving a relevant date. 216 | 217 | b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is 218 | released under this License and any conditions added under section 219 | 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to 220 | "keep intact all notices". 221 | 222 | c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this 223 | License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This 224 | License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 225 | additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, 226 | regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no 227 | permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not 228 | invalidate such permission if you have separately received it. 229 | 230 | d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display 231 | Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive 232 | interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your 233 | work need not make them do so. 234 | 235 | A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent 236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, 237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, 238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an 239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not 240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users 241 | beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work 242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other 243 | parts of the aggregate. 244 | 245 | 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms. 246 | 247 | You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms 248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the 249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, 250 | in one of these ways: 251 | 252 | a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 253 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the 254 | Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium 255 | customarily used for software interchange. 256 | 257 | b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product 258 | (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a 259 | written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as 260 | long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product 261 | model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a 262 | copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the 263 | product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical 264 | medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no 265 | more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this 266 | conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the 267 | Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge. 268 | 269 | c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the 270 | written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This 271 | alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and 272 | only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord 273 | with subsection 6b. 274 | 275 | d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated 276 | place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the 277 | Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no 278 | further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the 279 | Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to 280 | copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source 281 | may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) 282 | that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain 283 | clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the 284 | Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the 285 | Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is 286 | available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements. 287 | 288 | e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided 289 | you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding 290 | Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no 291 | charge under subsection 6d. 292 | 293 | A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded 294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be 295 | included in conveying the object code work. 296 | 297 | A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any 298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, 299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation 300 | into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, 301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular 302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a 303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status 304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user 305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product 306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial 307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent 308 | the only significant mode of use of the product. 309 | 310 | "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, 311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install 312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from 313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must 314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object 315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because 316 | modification has been made. 317 | 318 | If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or 319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as 320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the 321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a 322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the 323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied 324 | by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply 325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install 326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has 327 | been installed in ROM). 328 | 329 | The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a 330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates 331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for 332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a 333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and 334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and 335 | protocols for communication across the network. 336 | 337 | Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, 338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly 339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in 340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for 341 | unpacking, reading or copying. 342 | 343 | 7. Additional Terms. 344 | 345 | "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this 346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. 347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall 348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent 349 | that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions 350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately 351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by 352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions. 353 | 354 | When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option 355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of 356 | it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own 357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place 358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, 359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission. 360 | 361 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you 362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of 363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms: 364 | 365 | a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the 366 | terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or 367 | 368 | b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or 369 | author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal 370 | Notices displayed by works containing it; or 371 | 372 | c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or 373 | requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in 374 | reasonable ways as different from the original version; or 375 | 376 | d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or 377 | authors of the material; or 378 | 379 | e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some 380 | trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or 381 | 382 | f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that 383 | material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of 384 | it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for 385 | any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on 386 | those licensors and authors. 387 | 388 | All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further 389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you 390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is 391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further 392 | restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains 393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this 394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms 395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does 396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying. 397 | 398 | If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you 399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the 400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating 401 | where to find the applicable terms. 402 | 403 | Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the 404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; 405 | the above requirements apply either way. 406 | 407 | 8. Termination. 408 | 409 | You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly 410 | provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or 411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under 412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third 413 | paragraph of section 11). 414 | 415 | However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your 416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) 417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and 418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright 419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means 420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation. 421 | 422 | Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that 426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after 427 | your receipt of the notice. 428 | 429 | Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 431 | this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same 433 | material under section 10. 434 | 435 | 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies. 436 | 437 | You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or 438 | run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work 439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission 440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, 441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or 442 | modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do 443 | not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a 444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 445 | 446 | 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. 447 | 448 | Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically 449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and 450 | propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible 451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. 452 | 453 | An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an 454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an 455 | organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered 456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that 457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever 458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could 459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the 460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if 461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts. 462 | 463 | You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the 464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may 465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of 466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation 467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that 468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for 469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it. 470 | 471 | 11. Patents. 472 | 473 | A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this 474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The 475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version". 476 | 477 | A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims 478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or 479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted 480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, 481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a 482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For 483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant 484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of 485 | this License. 486 | 487 | Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free 488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to 489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and 490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version. 491 | 492 | In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express 493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent 494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to 495 | sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a 496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a 497 | patent against the party. 498 | 499 | If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, 500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone 501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a 502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, 503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so 504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the 505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner 506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent 507 | license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have 508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the 509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work 510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that 511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid. 512 | 513 | If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or 514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a 515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties 516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify 517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license 518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered 519 | work and works based on it. 520 | 521 | A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within 522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is 523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are 524 | specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered 525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is 526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment 527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying 528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the 529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory 530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work 531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily 532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that 533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, 534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007. 535 | 536 | Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting 537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may 538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law. 539 | 540 | 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom. 541 | 542 | If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 547 | not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 551 | 552 | 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 553 | 554 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 561 | combination as such. 562 | 563 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 564 | 565 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 568 | address new problems or concerns. 569 | 570 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 577 | by the Free Software Foundation. 578 | 579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 582 | to choose that version for the Program. 583 | 584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 587 | later version. 588 | 589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 590 | 591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 599 | 600 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 601 | 602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 610 | SUCH DAMAGES. 611 | 612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 613 | 614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 620 | 621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 622 | 623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 624 | 625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 628 | 629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 633 | 634 | 635 | Copyright (C) 636 | 637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 640 | (at your option) any later version. 641 | 642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 645 | GNU General Public License for more details. 646 | 647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 648 | along with this program. If not, see . 649 | 650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 651 | 652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 654 | 655 | Copyright (C) 656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 659 | 660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 663 | 664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 667 | . 668 | 669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 674 | . 675 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------