├── php ├── 1.png ├── 2.png ├── 3.png ├── 4.png ├── 5.png ├── apache.png ├── mysqld.png ├── nginx.png ├── hello-world.png ├── php-nginx.png └── windows下开发环境搭建.md ├── README.md ├── 编程语言介绍.md └── LICENSE /php/1.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/1.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/2.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/2.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/3.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/3.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/4.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/4.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/5.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/5.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/apache.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/apache.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/mysqld.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/mysqld.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/nginx.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/nginx.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/hello-world.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/hello-world.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/php-nginx.png: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chenjia404/how-to-self-programming/HEAD/php/php-nginx.png -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /php/windows下开发环境搭建.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ## 环境依赖 2 | 操作系统需要在win7以上，推荐win10。 3 | 4 | php7需要vc14，下载地址：https://www.microsoft.com/zh-CN/download/details.aspx?id=52685 ，请下载并安装。 5 | 6 | ## 安装php环境 7 | 这里我推荐使用phpstudy集成套件。 8 | 9 | 下载地址:http://www.phpstudy.net/phpstudy/phpStudy20161103.zip 10 | 11 | 解压下载的phpStudy20161103.zip，运行phpStudy20161103.exe，选择安装目录。 12 | 13 | ![选择安装目录](1.png)​​​​​​​ 14 | 15 | 安装过程: 16 | 17 | ![安装过程](2.png)​​​​​​​ 18 | 19 | 安装完成会弹出一个确认对话框，确认即可： 20 | 21 | ![确认](3.png)​​​​​​​ 22 | 23 | 安装成功: 24 | 25 | ![安装成功](4.png)​​​​​​​ 26 | 27 | 28 | 会有安全提示，全部点『允许访问』 29 | 30 | ![apache](apache.png)​​​​​​​ 31 | 32 | ![mysqld](mysqld.png)​​​​​​​ 33 | 34 | 使用新版php，并切换为nginx(选择红色方框勾选的内容): 35 | 36 | ![php-nginx](php-nginx.png) 37 | 38 | 此时会出现nginx的网络安全提示，点『允许访问』即可： 39 | 40 | ![nginx](nginx.png) 41 | 42 | 43 | 进入phpstudy安装目录: 44 | 45 | ![phpstudy安装目录](5.png) 46 | 47 | WWW就是代码目录，进入这个目录。 48 | 49 | ## 安装编辑器 50 | 51 | vs code： 52 | 53 | 下载页：https://code.visualstudio.com/download 54 | 55 | 下载链接：https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=623230 56 | 57 | 安装过程略……，主要关联文件类型。 58 | 59 | ## 编辑第一行代码 60 | 61 | 进入『安装php环境』里面的www目录，右键新建文本文件，然后将文件命名为『test.php』，最后右键『open with code』，现在进入vs code，就可以开始写代码了。 62 | 63 | 输入以下内容： 64 | ``` 65 | 52 | ``` 53 | 54 | java 55 | ``` 56 | public class HelloWorld 57 | { 58 | public static void main(String[] args) 59 | { 60 | System.out.println("Hello,World!"); 61 | } 62 | } 63 | ``` 64 | 65 | c 66 | ``` 67 | #include 68 | int main() 69 | { 70 | printf("Hello,World!"); 71 | return 1; 72 | } 73 | ``` 74 | 75 | C++ 76 | ``` 77 | #include 78 | using namespace std; 79 | int main() 80 | { 81 |    cout << "Hello,World!" << endl; 82 | return 0; 83 | } 84 | ``` 85 | 86 | 87 | python 88 | ``` 89 | print("Hello,World!") 90 | ``` 91 | 92 | 现在你已经完成你的第一行代码了，你可以按照你买的书和线上教程不断写更多代码，遇到问题就搜索和自己不断尝试。 93 | 94 | ## 推荐网站 95 | 96 | [菜鸟教程](http://www.runoob.com/) 里面有大量免费的文字教程，包含多种语言教程。 97 | 98 | [慕课网](http://www.imooc.com/) 里面有大量的视频教程，包含多种语言教程。 99 | 100 | [MDN Web 文档](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web) Mozilla 开发者网络，主要是web相关。 101 | 102 | [廖雪峰的官方网站](https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/) Python、JavaScript、Git免费教程。 103 | 104 | [php中文网](http://www.php.cn/) 主要是php教程，需要注册。 105 | 106 | [w3school 在线教程](http://www.w3school.com.cn/) 里面有大量免费的文字教程，包含多种语言教程。 107 | 108 | [实验楼](https://www.shiyanlou.com/) 提供远程虚拟机，需要注册，部分内容收费。 109 | 110 | [百度前端技术学院](http://ife.baidu.com/) 百度前端技术学院是面向大学生的前端技术学习平台，由百度创办的免费前端技术学习实践、交流、分享平台。 111 | 112 | ## 推荐书籍 113 | 114 | 《代码整洁之道》 115 | 116 | 《设计模式》 117 | 118 | 《深入理解计算机系统（原书第2版）》 119 | 120 | 《计算机程序的构造和解释》 121 | 122 | 《算法导论（原书第2版）》 123 | 124 | 《人月神话(40周年中文纪念版)》 125 | 126 | 《重构》 127 | 128 | 《代码大全（第2版）》 129 | 130 | 《程序员修炼之道》 131 | 132 | 这几本是通用的，不管做什么方向的开发，但是你可能需要花两三年时间才能看完。先买一两本，看了再买新的，一本书你可能需要看几周时间。有些书，你每次看都有新的体会，所以建议买纸质版，以后可以多次看。 133 | 134 | ## 我能帮助你的 135 | 136 | 一个编程学习互助群：167769030、638504315 密码：每天自学编程，我会在群里面帮助大家解决一下问题，也会分享一些学习文章，另外我再邀请一些朋友过来帮大家解决问题，但是最重要的还是你自己。 137 | 138 | 另外我会把每一个编程语言的新手指南都写一篇教程，方便大家更好的学习。 139 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /编程语言介绍.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 以下介绍的编程语言根据TIOBE指数2017年6月排行榜前十。 2 | 3 | ## Java 4 | Java是一种广泛使用的计算机编程语言，拥有跨平台、面向对象、泛型编程的特性，广泛应用于企业级Web应用开发和移动应用开发。 5 | 6 | Java编程语言的风格十分接近C++语言。继承了C++语言面向对象技术的核心，Java舍弃了C++语言中容易引起错误的指针，改以引用取代，同时移除原C++与原来运算符重载，也移除多重继承特性，改用接口取代，增加垃圾回收器功能。在Java SE 1.5版本中引入了泛型编程、类型安全的枚举、不定长参数和自动装/拆箱特性。太阳微系统对Java语言的解释是：“Java编程语言是个简单、面向对象、分布式、解释性、健壮、安全与系统无关、可移植、高性能、多线程和动态的语言” 7 | 8 | 可以做很多事情，做网站，做app。 9 | 10 | [Java开发环境搭建](https://www.runoob.com/java/java-environment-setup.html) 11 | --- 12 | ## c语言 13 | C是一种通用的编程语言，广泛用于系统软件与应用软件的开发。C语言具有高效、灵活、功能丰富、表达力强和较高的可移植性等特点，在程序员中备受青睐，成为最近25年使用最为广泛的编程语言。 14 | 15 | C语言具有高效、灵活、功能丰富、表达力强和较高的可移植性等特点，在程序员中备受青睐，成为最近25年使用最为广泛的编程语言。目前，C语言编译器普遍存在于各种不同的操作系统中，例如Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Unix等。C语言的设计影响了众多后来的编程语言，例如C++、Objective-C、Java、C#等。 16 | 17 | 一般做比较底层的开发。 18 | 19 | ## C++ 20 | C++是一种广泛使用的计算机程序设计语言。它是一种通用程序设计语言，静态数据类型检查，支持多重编程范式，例如过程化程序设计、数据抽象化、面向对象程序设计、泛型程序设计、基于原则设计等。 21 | 22 | 比雅尼·斯特劳斯特鲁普博士在贝尔实验室工作期间在20世纪80年代发明并实现了C++。起初，这种语言被称作“C with Classes”（“包含类别的C语言”），作为C语言的增强版出现。随后，C++不断增加新特性。虚函数（virtual function）、操作符重载（operator overloading）、多重继承（multiple inheritance）、模板（template）、异常处理（exception）、RTTI（Runtime type information）、名字空间（namespace）逐渐纳入标准。1998年，国际标准组织（ISO）颁布了C++程序设计语言的第一个国际标准ISO/IEC 14882:1998，目前最新标准为ISO/IEC 14882:2014。根据《C++编程思想》（Thinking in C++）一书所评述的，C++与C的效率往往相差在±5%之间。 23 | 24 | 底层和应用层的开发都有，难度比较大。 25 | 26 | [在VSCode内编译运行C++](http://www.jianshu.com/p/d0350f51e87a) 27 | 28 | ## Python 29 | Python是一种面向对象、直译式的电脑程序语言。它包含了一组功能完备的标准库，能够轻松完成很多常见的任务。它的语法简单，与其它大多数程序设计语言使用大括号不一样，它使用缩进来定义语句块。 30 | 31 | 与Scheme、Ruby、Perl、Tcl等动态语言一样，Python具备垃圾回收功能，能够自动管理内存使用。它经常被当作脚本语言用于处理系统管理任务和网络程序编写，然而它也非常适合完成各种高级任务。Python虚拟机本身几乎可以在所有的操作系统中运行。使用一些诸如py2exe、PyPy、PyInstaller之类的工具可以将Python源代码转换成可以脱离Python解释器运行的程序。 32 | 33 | 有非常多的库，可以做很多事情。 34 | 35 | ## VB.NET 36 | VB.NET，是微软公司于2002年作为原有的Visual Basic的继承者而推出。虽然自2005年起，语言名称中的“.NET”就已经被去掉了。但为了与VB 6.0及以前版本的Visual Basic进行区分，“Visual Basic .NET”的名字仍然被社会公众用来指代VB 7.0及以后的Visual Basic。VB.NET与C#同为.Net Framework框架下两种主要的程序设计语言，都是为了调用.Net Framework的类库资源，因此两种语言具有很高的对应性，数据类型、控制结构与语言特性都存在一一对应，容易把源代码从一种语言对译为另一种语言。 37 | 38 | ## JavaScript 39 | JavaScript，一种高级编程语言，通过解释执行，是一门动态类型，面向对象（基于原型）的直译语言。它已经由ECMA（欧洲电脑制造商协会）通过ECMAScript实现语言的标准化。它被世界上的绝大多数网站所使用，也被世界主流浏览器（Chrome、IE、FireFox、Safari、Opera）支持。JavaScript是一门基于原型、函数先行的语言，是一门多范式的语言，它支持面向对象编程，命令式编程，以及函数式编程。它提供语法来操控文本，数组，日期以及正则表达式等，不支持I/O，比如网络，存储和图形等，但这些都可以由它的宿主环境提供支持。 40 | 41 | 虽然JavaScript与Java这门语言不管是在名字上，或是在语法上都有很多相似性，但这两门编程语言从设计之初就有很大的不同，JavaScript的语言设计主要受到了Self（一种基于原型的编程语言）和Scheme（一门函数式编程语言）的影响。在语法结构上它又与C语言有很多相似（例如if条件语句、while循环、switch语句、do-while循环等）。 42 | 43 | 可以在浏览器上直接运用，可以做前端，也可以做后端。 44 | 45 | ## php 46 | PHP（全称：PHP：Hypertext Preprocessor，即“PHP：超文本预处理器”）是一种开源的通用计算机脚本语言，尤其适用于网络开发并可嵌入HTML中使用。PHP的语法借鉴吸收C语言、Java和Perl等流行计算机语言的特点，易于一般程序员学习。PHP的主要目标是允许网络开发人员快速编写动态页面，但PHP也被用于其他很多领域。 47 | 48 | PHP的应用范围相当广泛，尤其是在网页程序的开发上。一般来说PHP大多运行在网页服务器上，通过运行PHP代码来产生用户浏览的网页。PHP可以在多数的服务器和操作系统上运行，而且使用PHP完全是免费的。根据2013年4月的统计数据，PHP已经被安装在超过2亿4400万个网站和210万台服务器上。 49 | 50 | 做网站用这个语言的非常多。 51 | 52 | [windows下php开发环境搭建](php/windows下开发环境搭建.md) 53 | ## Perl 54 | Perl是高级、通用、解释型、动态的程序语言家族。最初设计者拉里·沃尔（Larry Wall）为了让在UNIX上进行报表处理的工作变得更方便，决定开发一个通用的脚本语言，而在1987年12月18日发表。目前，Perl语言家族包含两个分支Perl 5以及Perl 6（开发中）。 55 | 56 | Perl借用了C、sed、awk、shell脚本以及很多其他编程语言的特性。其中最重要的特性是Perl内部集成了正则表达式的功能，以及巨大的第三方代码库CPAN。 57 | 58 | 它的代码不易读，现在用的人很少了，不建议学。 59 | 60 | ## 汇编 61 | 汇编语言（英语：assembly language）是一种用于电子计算机、微处理器、微控制器，或其他可编程器件的低级语言。在不同的设备中，汇编语言对应着不同的机器语言指令集。一种汇编语言专用于某种计算机系统结构，而不像许多高级语言，可以在不同系统平台之间移植。 62 | 63 | 不建议学。 64 | 65 | ## go 66 | Go是Google开发的一种静态强类型、编译型，并发型，并具有垃圾回收功能的编程语言。为了方便搜索和识别，有时会将其称为Golang。 67 | 68 | Go语言的语法接近C语言，但对于变量的声明有所不同。Go语言支持垃圾回收功能。Go语言的并行模型是以东尼·霍尔的通信顺序进程（CSP）为基础，采取类似模型的其他语言包括Occam和Limbo，但它也具有Pi运算的特征，比如通道传输。在1.8版本中开放插件（Plugin）的支持，这意味着现在能从Go语言中动态加载部分函数。 69 | 70 | 与C++相比，Go语言并不包括如异常处理、继承、泛型、断言、虚函数等功能，但增加了 Slice 型、并发、管道、垃圾回收、接口（Interface）等特性的语言级支持。Google 目前仍正在讨论是否应该支持泛型，其态度还是很开放的，但在该语言的常见问题列表中，对于断言的存在，则持负面态度，同时也为自己不提供类型继承来辩护。 71 | 72 | 越来越流行的语言，可以试试。 73 | 74 | ## Swift 75 | Swift是一种支持多编程范式和编译式的编程语言，是用来撰写macOS/OS X、iOS、watch OS和tvOS的语言之一。 2014年，其在苹果开发者年会（WWDC）发布。设计Swift时，苹果公司有意让Swift与Objective-C共存在苹果公司的操作系统上。 76 | 77 | Swift取消了Objective-C的指针及其他不安全访问的使用，并舍弃Objective C早期套用Smalltalk之语法，全面改为句点表示法（dot-notation）。同许多脚本语言一样，Swift可以推断变量类型（var, variant）。同时，它提供了类似C++、C#的名字空间（namespace）、泛型（generic）、运算对象重载（operator overloading）。Swift被简单的形容为 “没有C的Objective-C”（Objective-C without the C）。 78 | 79 | 也许是ios开发里面未来的趋势。 80 | 81 | 以上内容主要来自维基百科，大家看这里的介绍初步了解后，更多可以去搜索一下。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 2, June 1991 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., 5 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 6 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 7 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 8 | 9 | Preamble 10 | 11 | The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 12 | freedom to share and change it. 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You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 91 | of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 92 | distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 93 | above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 94 | 95 | a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 96 | stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 97 | 98 | b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 99 | whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 100 | part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 101 | parties under the terms of this License. 102 | 103 | c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 104 | when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 105 | interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 106 | announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 107 | notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 108 | a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 109 | these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 110 | License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 111 | does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 112 | the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 113 | 114 | These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 115 | identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 116 | and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 117 | themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 118 | sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 119 | distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 120 | on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 121 | this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 122 | entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 123 | 124 | Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 125 | your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 126 | exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 127 | collective works based on the Program. 128 | 129 | In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 130 | with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 131 | a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 132 | the scope of this License. 133 | 134 | 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 135 | under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 136 | Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 137 | 138 | a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 139 | source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 140 | 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 141 | 142 | b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 143 | years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 144 | cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 145 | machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 146 | distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 147 | customarily used for software interchange; or, 148 | 149 | c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 150 | to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 151 | allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 152 | received the program in object code or executable form with such 153 | an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 154 | 155 | The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 156 | making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 157 | code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 158 | associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 159 | control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 160 | special exception, the source code distributed need not include 161 | anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 162 | form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 163 | operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 164 | itself accompanies the executable. 165 | 166 | If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 167 | access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 168 | access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 169 | distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 170 | compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 171 | 172 | 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 173 | except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 174 | otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 175 | void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 176 | However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 177 | this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 178 | parties remain in full compliance. 179 | 180 | 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 181 | signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 182 | distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 183 | prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 184 | modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 185 | Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 186 | all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 187 | the Program or works based on it. 188 | 189 | 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 190 | Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 191 | original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 192 | these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 193 | restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 194 | You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 195 | this License. 196 | 197 | 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 198 | infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 199 | conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 200 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 201 | excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 202 | distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 203 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 204 | may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 205 | license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 206 | all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 207 | the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 208 | refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 209 | 210 | If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 211 | any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 212 | apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 213 | circumstances. 214 | 215 | It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 216 | patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 217 | such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 218 | integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 219 | implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 220 | generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 221 | through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 222 | system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 223 | to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 224 | impose that choice. 225 | 226 | This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 227 | be a consequence of the rest of this License. 228 | 229 | 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 230 | certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 231 | original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 232 | may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 233 | those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 234 | countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 235 | the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 236 | 237 | 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 238 | of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 239 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 240 | address new problems or concerns. 241 | 242 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 243 | specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any 244 | later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions 245 | either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 246 | Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 247 | this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 248 | Foundation. 249 | 250 | 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 251 | programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 252 | to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 253 | Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 254 | make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 255 | of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 256 | of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 257 | 258 | NO WARRANTY 259 | 260 | 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 261 | FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 262 | OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 263 | PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 264 | OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 265 | MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 266 | TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 267 | PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 268 | REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 269 | 270 | 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 271 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 272 | REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 273 | INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 274 | OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 275 | TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 276 | YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 277 | PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 278 | POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 279 | 280 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 281 | 282 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 283 | 284 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 285 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 286 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 287 | 288 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 289 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 290 | convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 291 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 292 | 293 | {description} 294 | Copyright (C) {year} {fullname} 295 | 296 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 297 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 298 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 299 | (at your option) any later version. 300 | 301 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 302 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 303 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 304 | GNU General Public License for more details. 305 | 306 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 307 | with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 308 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 309 | 310 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 311 | 312 | If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 313 | when it starts in an interactive mode: 314 | 315 | Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 316 | Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 317 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 318 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 319 | 320 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 321 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 322 | be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 323 | mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 324 | 325 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 326 | school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 327 | necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 328 | 329 | Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 330 | `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 331 | 332 | {signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 333 | Ty Coon, President of Vice 334 | 335 | This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 336 | proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 337 | consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 338 | library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 339 | Public License instead of this License. 340 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------