└── README.md


/README.md:
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  1 | # Cheatsheet for Django QuerySets
  2 | Current Django Version: [5.2](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/)
  3 | 
  4 | Mandatory impostor syndrome notice: The documentation has gotten a lot easier to navigate and this cheatsheet makes a lot less sense nowadays, but many people seem to be actively using it, so i'll keep it updated for a few more versions.
  5 | 
  6 | ## Methods that return new [QuerySets](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#methods-that-return-new-querysets)
  7 | 
  8 | **Can be chained:**
  9 | 
 10 | ```python
 11 | Entry.objects.filter(**kwargs).exclude(**kwargs).order_by(**kwargs)
 12 | ```
 13 | 
 14 |  * [filter](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#filter)
 15 |  * [exclude](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#exclude)
 16 |  * [annotate](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#annotate)
 17 |  * [alias]([text](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#alias))
 18 |  * [order_by](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#order-by)
 19 |  * [reverse](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#reverse)
 20 |  * [distinct](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#distinct)
 21 |  * [values](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#values)
 22 |  * [values_list](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#values-list)
 23 |  * [dates](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#dates)
 24 |  * [datetimes](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#datetimes)
 25 |  * [none](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#none)
 26 |  * [all](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#all)
 27 |  * [union](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#union)
 28 |  * [intersection](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#intersection)
 29 |  * [difference](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#difference)
 30 |  * [select_related](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#select-related)
 31 |  * [prefetch_related](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#prefetch-related)
 32 |  * [extra](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#extra)
 33 |  * [defer](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#defer)
 34 |  * [only](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#only)
 35 |  * [using](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#using)
 36 |  * [select_for_update](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#select-for-update)
 37 |  * [raw](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#raw)
 38 | 
 39 | ## Operators that return new [QuerySets](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#operators-that-return-new-querysets)
 40 | 
 41 |  * [AND (&)](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#and)
 42 |  * [OR (|)](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#or)
 43 |  * [XOR (^)](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#xor)
 44 | 
 45 | ## Methods that do not return [QuerySets](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#methods-that-do-not-return-querysets)
 46 | 
 47 |  * [get](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#get)
 48 |  * [create](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#create)
 49 |  * [get_or_create](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#get-or-create)
 50 |  * [update_or_create](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#update-or-create)
 51 |  * [bulk_create](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#bulk-create)
 52 |  * [bulk_update](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#bulk-update)
 53 |  * [count](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#count)
 54 |  * [in_bulk](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#in-bulk)
 55 |  * [iterator](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iterator)
 56 |  * [latest](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#latest)
 57 |  * [earliest](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#earliest)
 58 |  * [first](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#first)
 59 |  * [last](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#last)
 60 |  * [aggregate](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#aggregate)
 61 |  * [exists](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#exists)
 62 |  * [contains](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#contains)
 63 |  * [update](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#update)
 64 |  * [delete](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#delete)
 65 |  * [as_manager](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#as-manager)
 66 |  * [explain](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#explain)
 67 | 
 68 | ## Field lookups [(link)](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#field-lookups)
 69 | 
 70 | **Field lookups are how you specify the meat of an SQL WHERE clause. They’re specified as keyword arguments to the QuerySet methods *filter()*, *exclude()* and *get()*.**
 71 | 
 72 | ```python
 73 | Example: Entry.objects.get(id__exact=14)  # note double underscore.
 74 | ```
 75 | 
 76 |  * [exact](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#exact)
 77 |  * [iexact](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iexact)
 78 |  * [contains](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#contains)
 79 |  * [icontains](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#icontains)
 80 |  * [in](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#in)
 81 |  * [gt](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#gt)
 82 |  * [gte](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#gte)
 83 |  * [lt](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#lt)
 84 |  * [lte](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#lte)
 85 |  * [startswith](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#startswith)
 86 |  * [istartswith](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#istartswith)
 87 |  * [endswith](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#endswith)
 88 |  * [iendswith](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iendswith)
 89 |  * [range](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#range)
 90 |  * [date](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#date)
 91 |  * [year](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#year)
 92 |  * [iso_year](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iso-year)
 93 |  * [month](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#month)
 94 |  * [day](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#day)
 95 |  * [week](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#week)
 96 |  * [week_day](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#week-day)
 97 |  * [iso_week_day](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iso-week-day)
 98 |  * [quarter](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#quarter)
 99 |  * [time](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#time)
100 |  * [hour](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#hour)
101 |  * [minute](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#minute)
102 |  * [second](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#second)
103 |  * [isnull](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#isnull)
104 |  * [regex](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#regex)
105 |  * [iregex](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#iregex)
106 | 
107 | **Protip: Use [in](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#in) to avoid chaining [filter()](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#filter) and [exclude()](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#exclude)**
108 | 
109 | ```python
110 | Entry.objects.filter(status__in=['Hung over', 'Sober', 'Drunk'])
111 | ```
112 | 
113 | ## Aggregation functions ([link](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#aggregation-functions))
114 | 
115 |  * [expression](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#expression)
116 |  * [output_field](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#output-field)
117 |  * [filter](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#aggregate-filter)
118 |  * [default](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#default)
119 |  * [\*\*extra](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#id7)
120 |  * [Avg](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#avg)
121 |  * [Count](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#id8)
122 |  * [Max](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#max)
123 |  * [Min](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#min)
124 |  * [StdDev](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#stddev)
125 |  * [Sum](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#sum)
126 |  * [Variance](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#variance)
127 | 
128 | ## Query-related tools ([link](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#query-related-tools))
129 | 
130 |  * [Q() objects](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#q-objects)
131 |  * [Prefetch() objects](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#prefetch-objects)
132 |  * [prefetch_related_objects()](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#prefetch-related-objects)
133 |  * [FilteredRelation() objects](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/models/querysets/#filteredrelation-objects)
134 | 
135 | - - -
136 | 
137 | <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" property="dct:title" rel="dct:type">Django-QuerySet-Cheatsheet</span> by <span xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" property="cc:attributionName">@chrisdl and @briandant</span> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en_US">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>.<br />
138 | 
139 | The [contributors](https://github.com/chrisdl/Django-QuerySet-Cheatsheet/graphs/contributors) are as gods among ants and shall forever be remembered as such.
140 | 
141 | The Django web framework referenced in the Django-QuerySet-Cheatsheet is ​© 2005-2025 Django Software Foundation.
142 | Django is a [registered trademark](https://www.djangoproject.com/trademarks/) of the [Django Software Foundation](http://djangoproject.com/foundation/).
143 | 


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