├── solvers
├── heat_solver_1d.m
├── heat_solver_2d.m
├── navier_stokes_2d.m
├── possion_solver_2d.m
├── wave_solver_1d.m
├── wave_solver_2d.m
├── elasticity_solver_2d.m
├── convection_diffusion_reaction_1d.m
├── convection_diffusion_reaction_2d.m
└── possion_solver_1d.m
├── fe_utils
├── assemble_module
│ ├── assemble_matrix_steady_2d.m
│ ├── assemble_vector_steady_2d.m
│ ├── gauss_int_test_steady_2d.m
│ ├── gauss_int_trial_test_steady_2d.m
│ ├── gauss_int_test_steady_1d.m
│ ├── assemble_vector_steady_1d.m
│ ├── gauss_int_trial_test_steady_1d.m
│ └── assemble_matrix_steady_1d.m
├── mesh
│ ├── generate_P_T.m
│ ├── generate_boundarynodes.m
│ └── generate_Pb_Tb.m
├── error_compute
│ ├── compute_error_on_nodes.m
│ ├── compute_error_infinite_norm.m
│ ├── select_evalution_points.m
│ ├── FE_function_1d.m
│ ├── guass_int_error_1d.m
│ └── compute_error_Hs_norm.m
├── gauss_formula
│ └── generate_gauss_formula_1d.m
├── treat_boundary
│ └── treat_boundary_condition.m
└── basis_function
│ └── FE_local_basis.m
├── include.m
├── images
├── logo.png
└── screenshot.png
├── plot
└── plotConvergenceRate.m
├── example
└── test_possion_example1.m
├── README.md
└── LICENSE
/solvers/heat_solver_1d.m:
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/solvers/heat_solver_2d.m:
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/solvers/navier_stokes_2d.m:
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/solvers/possion_solver_2d.m:
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/solvers/wave_solver_1d.m:
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/solvers/wave_solver_2d.m:
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/solvers/elasticity_solver_2d.m:
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/solvers/convection_diffusion_reaction_1d.m:
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/solvers/convection_diffusion_reaction_2d.m:
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/assemble_matrix_steady_2d.m:
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/assemble_vector_steady_2d.m:
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/gauss_int_test_steady_2d.m:
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/gauss_int_trial_test_steady_2d.m:
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/include.m:
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1 | addpath(genpath(pwd), '-begin');
2 | rmpath(genpath('./.git'));
3 | savepath;
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/images/logo.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/images/logo.png
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/images/screenshot.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/images/screenshot.png
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/plot/plotConvergenceRate.m:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/plot/plotConvergenceRate.m
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/fe_utils/mesh/generate_P_T.m:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/fe_utils/mesh/generate_P_T.m
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/fe_utils/error_compute/compute_error_on_nodes.m:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/fe_utils/error_compute/compute_error_on_nodes.m
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/fe_utils/gauss_formula/generate_gauss_formula_1d.m:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/fe_utils/gauss_formula/generate_gauss_formula_1d.m
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/fe_utils/error_compute/compute_error_infinite_norm.m:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/HEAD/fe_utils/error_compute/compute_error_infinite_norm.m
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/fe_utils/error_compute/select_evalution_points.m:
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1 | function points = select_evalution_points(vertices)
2 | [~, gauss_points] = generate_gauss_formula_1d(vertices, 4);
3 | points = [vertices gauss_points];
4 | end
5 |
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/fe_utils/error_compute/FE_function_1d.m:
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1 | function result = FE_function_1d(x, uh_local, vertices, basis_type, der)
2 | number_of_local_basis = size(uh_local,1);
3 | result = 0;
4 | for k = 1: number_of_local_basis
5 | result = result + uh_local(k) * FE_local_basis(x, vertices, basis_type, k, der);
6 | end
7 | end
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/fe_utils/error_compute/guass_int_error_1d.m:
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1 | function result = guass_int_error_1d (exact_solution_fun, gauss_weights, gauss_points, uh_local, vertices, basis_type, der)
2 | result = sum(gauss_weights .* ...
3 | (feval(exact_solution_fun, gauss_points)...
4 | - FE_function_1d(gauss_points, uh_local, vertices, basis_type, der)) .^ 2);
5 | end
6 |
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/gauss_int_test_steady_1d.m:
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1 | function result=gauss_int_test_steady_1d(right_hand_side, vertices, basis_type_test, basis_index_test,...
2 | der_test,gauss_type)
3 | [gauss_weight,gauss_point]=generate_gauss_formula_1d(vertices,gauss_type);
4 | result = sum(gauss_weight.*right_hand_side(gauss_point)...
5 | .*FE_local_basis(gauss_point,vertices,basis_type_test,basis_index_test,der_test));
6 | end
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/fe_utils/mesh/generate_boundarynodes.m:
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1 | function boundarynodes = generate_boundarynodes(pde, Pb)
2 | boundarynodes = zeros(2, 2);
3 | if pde.leftBoundaryType == "Dirichlet"
4 | boundarynodes(:, 1) = [-1; 1];
5 | elseif pde.leftBoundaryType == "Neumann"
6 | boundarynodes(:, 1) = [-2; 1];
7 | end
8 | if pde.rightBoundaryType == "Dirichlet"
9 | boundarynodes(:, 2) = [-1; size(Pb, 2)];
10 | elseif pde.rightBoundaryType == "Neumann"
11 | boundarynodes(:, 2) = [-1; size(Pb, 2)];
12 | end
13 | end
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/assemble_vector_steady_1d.m:
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1 | function b=assemble_vector_steady_1d(right_hand_side,mesh,FE,basis_type_test,der_test,gauss_type)
2 | b=zeros(size(FE.Pb,2),1);
3 | number_of_elements=size(FE.Tb,2);
4 | number_of_local_basis=size(FE.Tb,1);
5 | for n=1:number_of_elements
6 | vertices=mesh.P(:,mesh.T(:,n));
7 | for i=1:number_of_local_basis
8 | b(FE.Tb(i,n))=b(FE.Tb(i,n))+ gauss_int_test_steady_1d(right_hand_side, vertices, basis_type_test, i,...
9 | der_test,gauss_type);
10 | end
11 | end
12 | end
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/fe_utils/error_compute/compute_error_Hs_norm.m:
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1 | function error = compute_error_Hs_norm(exact_solution_fun, solution, P, T, Tb, basis_type, der, gauss_type)
2 | error = 0.0;
3 | number_of_elments = size(Tb,2);
4 | for n = 1: number_of_elments
5 | vertices = P(:,T(:,n));
6 | uh_local = solution(Tb(:,n));
7 | [gauss_weights, gauss_points] = generate_gauss_formula_1d(vertices, gauss_type);
8 | local_error = guass_int_error_1d(exact_solution_fun, gauss_weights, gauss_points, uh_local, vertices, basis_type, der);
9 | error=error + local_error;
10 | end
11 | error=sqrt(error);
12 |
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/gauss_int_trial_test_steady_1d.m:
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1 | function result=gauss_int_trial_test_steady_1d(coef_fun, vertices, basis_type_trial,basis_type_test,basis_index_trial, basis_index_test,...
2 | der_trial,der_test,gauss_type)
3 | [gauss_weight,gauss_point]=generate_gauss_formula_1d(vertices,gauss_type);
4 | result = sum(gauss_weight.*coef_fun(gauss_point)...
5 | .*FE_local_basis(gauss_point,vertices,basis_type_trial,basis_index_trial,der_trial)...
6 | .*FE_local_basis(gauss_point,vertices,basis_type_test,basis_index_test,der_test));
7 | end
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/fe_utils/assemble_module/assemble_matrix_steady_1d.m:
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1 | function A = assemble_matrix_steady_1d(coef_fun,mesh,FE,basis_type_trial,basis_type_test,der_trial,der_test,gauss_type)
2 | A=zeros(size(FE.Pb,2),size(FE.Pb,2));
3 | number_of_elements=size(FE.Tb,2);
4 | number_of_local_basis=size(FE.Tb,1);
5 | for n=1:number_of_elements
6 | vertices=mesh.P(:,mesh.T(:,n));
7 | for j=1: number_of_local_basis
8 | for i=1:number_of_local_basis
9 | A(FE.Tb(i,n),FE.Tb(j,n))= A(FE.Tb(i,n),FE.Tb(j,n))...
10 | +gauss_int_trial_test_steady_1d(coef_fun, vertices, basis_type_trial,basis_type_test,...
11 | j, i,der_trial,der_test,gauss_type);
12 | end
13 | end
14 | end
15 | end
16 |
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/fe_utils/treat_boundary/treat_boundary_condition.m:
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1 | function [A,b]=treat_boundary_condition(A,b,FE, pde)
2 | number_of_boundarynodes=size(FE.boundarynodes,2);
3 | for k=1:number_of_boundarynodes
4 | if FE.boundarynodes(1, k) == -1
5 | A(FE.boundarynodes(2,k),:) = 0;
6 | A(FE.boundarynodes(2,k), FE.boundarynodes(2,k)) = 1;
7 | b(FE.boundarynodes(2,k))= pde.Dirichlet(FE.Pb(FE.boundarynodes(2,k)));
8 | elseif FE.boundarynodes(1, k) == -2
9 | x = FE.Pb(FE.boundarynodes(2, k));
10 | if pde.rightBoundaryType == "Neumann"
11 | b(FE.boundarynodes(2, k)) = b(FE.boundarynodes(2, k)) + pde.coefficient(x) .* pde.Neumann(x);
12 | end
13 | if pde.leftBoundaryType == "Neumann"
14 | b(FE.boundarynodes(2, k)) = b(FE.boundarynodes(2, k)) - pde.coefficient(x) .* pde.Neumann(x);
15 | end
16 | end
17 | end
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/solvers/possion_solver_1d.m:
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1 | function [solution, error] = possion_solver_1d(pde, mesh, FE, basis_type_trial, basis_type_test)
2 | % possion_solver
3 | % 1-d possion_solver for possion equation
4 | % @author: chtld
5 | % @date: 20191013
6 | % @param pde: the pde struct, include the coefficient function, exact
7 | % solution, the right hand side and the boundary conditions of different
8 | % kind.
9 | A = assemble_matrix_steady_1d(pde.coefficient, mesh, FE, basis_type_trial, basis_type_test, 1, 1, 4);
10 | b = assemble_vector_steady_1d(pde.right_hand_side, mesh, FE, basis_type_test, 0, 4);
11 | [A, b] = treat_boundary_condition(A, b, FE, pde);
12 | solution = A \ b;
13 | error.l2_norm = compute_error_Hs_norm(pde.exact, solution, mesh.P, mesh.T, FE.Tb, basis_type_test, 0, 4);
14 | error.h1_semi_norm = compute_error_Hs_norm(pde.exact_x, solution, mesh.P, mesh.T, FE.Tb, basis_type_test, 1, 4);
15 | error.infinite_norm = compute_error_infinite_norm(pde.exact, solution, mesh.P, mesh.T, FE.Tb, basis_type_test, 0);
16 | end
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/fe_utils/basis_function/FE_local_basis.m:
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1 | function result=FE_local_basis(x,vertices,basis_type,basis_index,der)
2 | h=(vertices(2)-vertices(1));
3 | if basis_type==101
4 | if basis_index==1
5 | if der==0
6 | result=(vertices(2)-x)/h;
7 | elseif der==1
8 | result=-1/h;
9 | end
10 | elseif basis_index==2
11 | if der==0
12 | result=(x-vertices(1))/h;
13 | elseif der==1
14 | result=1/h;
15 | end
16 | end
17 | elseif basis_type == 102
18 | if basis_index == 1
19 | if der == 0
20 | result = 2 .* ((x - vertices(1)) ./ h) .^ 2 - 3 .* (x - vertices(1)) ./ h + 1;
21 | elseif der == 1
22 | result = 4 .* (x - vertices(1)) ./ (h.^2) - 3 / h;
23 | end
24 | elseif basis_index == 3
25 | if der == 0
26 | result = 2 .* ((x - vertices(1)) / h) .^ 2 - (x - vertices(1)) / h;
27 | elseif der == 1
28 | result = 4 .* (x - vertices(1)) ./ (h .^ 2) - 1 / h;
29 | end
30 | elseif basis_index == 2
31 | if der == 0
32 | result = -4 .* ((x - vertices(1)) / h) .^ 2 + 4 .* (x - vertices(1)) / h;
33 | elseif der == 1
34 | result = -8 .* (x - vertices(1)) / (h .^ 2) + 4 / h;
35 | end
36 | end
37 | elseif basis_type == 103
38 |
39 | end
40 | end
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/fe_utils/mesh/generate_Pb_Tb.m:
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1 | function [Pb, Tb] = generate_Pb_Tb(P, T, basis_type)
2 | if basis_type == 101
3 | Pb = P;
4 | Tb = T;
5 | elseif basis_type == 102
6 | Pb = zeros(1, length(P) + length(T));
7 | Tb = zeros(3, length(T));
8 | PIndexToPbIndex = zeros(1, length(P));
9 | k = 1;
10 | for i = 1: length(T)
11 | index = T(:, i);
12 | if PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)) == 0
13 | PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)) = k;
14 | Pb(:, k) = P(:, index(1));
15 | k = k + 1;
16 | end
17 | vertices = P(:, index);
18 | Pb(:, k) = 0.5 * (vertices(1) + vertices(2)); k = k + 1;
19 | mid = k - 1;
20 | if PIndexToPbIndex(index(2)) == 0
21 | PIndexToPbIndex(index(2)) = k;
22 | Pb(:, k) = P(:, index(2));
23 | k = k + 1;
24 | end
25 | Tb(:, i) = [PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)); mid; PIndexToPbIndex(index(2));];
26 | end
27 | elseif basis_type == 103
28 | Pb = zeros(1, length(P) + length(T));
29 | Tb = zeros(4, length(T));
30 | PIndexToPbIndex = zeros(1, length(P));
31 | k = 1;
32 | for i = 1: length(T)
33 | index = T(:, i);
34 | if PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)) == 0
35 | PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)) = k;
36 | Pb(:, k) = P(:, index(1));
37 | k = k + 1;
38 | end
39 | vertices = P(:, index);
40 | Pb(:, k) = 1 / 3 * (vertices(1) + vertices(2)); k = k + 1; mid1 = k - 1;
41 | Pb(:, k) = 2 / 3 * (vertices(1) + vertices(2)); k = k + 1; mid2 = k - 1;
42 | if PIndexToPbIndex(index(2)) == 0
43 | PIndexToPbIndex(index(2)) = k;
44 | Pb(:, k) = P(:, index(2));
45 | k = k + 1;
46 | end
47 | Tb(:, i) = [PIndexToPbIndex(index(1)); mid1; mid2; PIndexToPbIndex(index(2))];
48 | end
49 | end
50 | end
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/example/test_possion_example1.m:
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1 | % possion_test_example
2 | % This is the example for possion equation, sunch as the coefficient,right-
3 | % handside, the boundary condition, the equation like this
4 | % $-\frac{d}{dx}(c(x)\frac{du}{dx}) = f(x), a < x < b$.
5 | % $u(a) = u(b) = Dirichlet(x)$
6 | % $u'(a) = u'(b) = Neumann(x)$
7 | % $u(a) = u(b) = Robin(x)$
8 | % @author: chtld
9 | % @date: 20191013
10 | pde.right_hand_side = @(x) -exp(x) .* (cos(x) - 2 * sin(x) - x .* cos(x) - x .* sin(x));
11 | pde.coefficient = @(x) exp(x);
12 | pde.Dirichlet = @(x) x .* cos(x);
13 | pde.Neumann = @(x) cos(x) - x .* sin(x);
14 | pde.exact = @(x) x .* cos(x);
15 | pde.exact_x = @(x) cos(x) - x .* sin(x);
16 | pde.left = 0;
17 | pde.right = 1;
18 |
19 | % pde.leftBoundaryType = 'Dirichlet';
20 | pde.leftBoundaryType = 'Neumann';
21 | pde.rightBoundaryType = 'Dirichlet';
22 | % pde.rightBoundaryType = "Neumann";
23 |
24 | basis_type = 102;
25 | np = [8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024];
26 | grid_size = zeros(length(np), 1);
27 | l2_error = zeros(length(np), 1);
28 | infinite_error = zeros(length(np), 1);
29 | h1_semi_error = zeros(length(np), 1);
30 | fprintf('error.l2_norm\t error.infinite_norm\t error.h1_semi_norm\t\n');
31 | for i = 1: length(np)
32 | [mesh.P, mesh.T] = generate_P_T(pde.left, pde.right, np(i) );
33 | [FE.Pb, FE.Tb] = generate_Pb_Tb(mesh.P, mesh.T, basis_type);
34 | FE.boundarynodes = generate_boundarynodes(pde, FE.Pb);
35 | [solution, error] = possion_solver_1d(pde, mesh, FE, basis_type, basis_type);
36 | fprintf('%e\t %e\t %e\t\n', error.l2_norm, error.infinite_norm, error.h1_semi_norm);
37 | grid_size(i) = 1 / np(i);
38 | l2_error(i) = error.l2_norm;
39 | infinite_error(i) = error.infinite_norm;
40 | h1_semi_error(i) = error.h1_semi_norm;
41 | end
42 | figure;
43 | plotConvergenceRate(grid_size, l2_error); hold on;
44 | plotConvergenceRate(grid_size, infinite_error); hold on;
45 | plotConvergenceRate(grid_size, h1_semi_error); hold on;
46 | lgd = legend({'$L_{2}$','$L_{\infty}$','$H_{1}$'}, 'Interpreter', 'latex', 'FontSize', 12, 'TextColor', 'blue');
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/README.md:
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1 | [![Contributors][contributors-shield]][contributors-url]
2 | [![Forks][forks-shield]][forks-url]
3 | [![Stargazers][stars-shield]][stars-url]
4 | [![Issues][issues-shield]][issues-url]
5 | [![MIT License][license-shield]][license-url]
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
Finite_Element_Method_Matlab
18 |
19 |
20 | A Matlab implementation of the Finite Element Method
21 |
22 | Explore the docs »
23 |
24 |
25 | View Demo
26 | ·
27 | Report Bug
28 | ·
29 | Request Feature
30 |
31 |
32 |
33 |
34 |
35 |
36 | ## Table of Contents
37 |
38 | * [About the Project](#about-the-project)
39 | * [Built With](#built-with)
40 | * [Getting Started](#getting-started)
41 | * [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
42 | * [Installation](#installation)
43 | * [Usage](#usage)
44 | * [Roadmap](#roadmap)
45 | * [Contributing](#contributing)
46 | * [License](#license)
47 | * [Contact](#contact)
48 | * [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
49 |
50 |
51 |
52 |
53 | ## About The Project
54 |
57 |
58 |
59 | A simple, general, and easy-to-use Matlab implementation of the finite element method.
60 | The motivation for this project:
61 | * A universal finite element package is often too complex
62 | * The fundamental principles of the finite element method are general
63 | * As a student majoring in computational mathematics, I hope to reduce technical barriers in scientific computing
64 | * This project is based on the lectures of Professor He Xiaoming. Through his course, I learned some finite element basics, and I am very grateful to him.
65 |
66 | Some commonly used resources that I find helpful are listed in the acknowledgements.
67 |
68 | ### Built With
69 |
70 | This project is developed with:
71 | * [matlab](https://www.mathworks.com)
72 |
73 |
74 | ## Getting Started
75 |
76 | Below is how to set up your environment to use this project.
77 |
78 | ### Prerequisites
79 |
80 | Software that needs to be installed in advance:
81 | * matlab
82 | ```
83 | Please install Matlab by yourself. For installation instructions, please refer to Baidu.
84 | ```
85 |
86 | ### Installation
87 |
88 | 1. Clone the repository
89 | ```sh
90 | git clone https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab.git
91 | ```
92 | 2. Add this project to Matlab’s search path
93 | ```
94 | Run include.m
95 | ```
96 | 3. Enjoy!
97 |
98 |
99 | ## Usage
100 |
101 | Examples for different equations can be found in the example directory. Please check the source code for details.
102 |
103 |
104 |
105 | ## Roadmap
106 |
107 | For a list of proposed features (and known issues), please refer to the[open issues](https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/issues) .
108 | See the [open issues](https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/issues) for a list of proposed features (and known issues).
109 |
110 |
111 | ## Contributing
112 |
113 | Contributions are welcome!
114 |
115 | 1. Fork the Project
116 | 2. Create your Feature Branch (`git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature`)
117 | 3. Commit your Changes (`git commit -m 'Add some AmazingFeature'`)
118 | 4. Push to the Branch (`git push origin feature/AmazingFeature`)
119 | 5. Open a Pull Request
120 |
121 |
122 | ## License
123 |
124 | Distributed under the GPL-3.0 License. See `LICENSE` for more information.
125 |
126 |
127 |
128 |
129 | ## Contact
130 |
131 | chtld - contact by issue
132 |
133 | Project Link: [https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab](https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab)
134 |
135 |
136 |
137 |
138 | ## Acknowledgements
139 | * [GitHub Emoji Cheat Sheet](https://www.webpagefx.com/tools/emoji-cheat-sheet)
140 | * [Img Shields](https://shields.io)
141 | * [Choose an Open Source License](https://choosealicense.com)
142 | * [Best-README-Template](https://github.com/othneildrew/Best-README-Template)
143 |
144 |
145 |
146 |
147 |
148 |
149 |
150 |
151 | [contributors-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab.svg?style=flat-square
152 | [contributors-url]: https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/graphs/contributors
153 | [forks-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/forks/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab.svg?style=flat-square
154 | [forks-url]: https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/network/members
155 | [stars-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/stars/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab.svg?style=flat-square
156 | [stars-url]: https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/stargazers
157 | [issues-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/issues/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab?style=flat-square
158 | [issues-url]: https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/issues
159 | [license-shield]: https://img.shields.io/github/license/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab.svg?style=flat-square
160 | [license-url]: https://github.com/chtld/Finite_Element_Method_Matlab/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
161 | [product-screenshot]: images/screenshot.png
162 |
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572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 |
579 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 |
584 | Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 |
589 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 |
591 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 |
600 | 16. Limitation of Liability.
601 |
602 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 |
612 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 |
614 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 |
621 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 |
623 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 |
625 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 |
629 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 |
634 |
635 | Copyright (C)
636 |
637 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 | the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 | (at your option) any later version.
641 |
642 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
645 | GNU General Public License for more details.
646 |
647 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 | along with this program. If not, see .
649 |
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 |
652 | If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 |
655 | Copyright (C)
656 | This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 | This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 | under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 |
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 |
664 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | .
668 |
669 | The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
674 | .
675 |
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