├── .gitignore
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── anim.sh
├── create.sh
├── debug_rays.sh
├── example_outputs
    ├── adjacentballs.png
    ├── dielectricparty.png
    ├── oneglassball.png
    ├── onegreenball.png
    ├── onegreyball.png
    ├── onemirrorball.png
    ├── reflectiontest.png
    ├── threemirrors.png
    ├── twodiffuseballs.png
    └── twomirrorballs.png
├── postgres_connection.sh
├── raytracer.sql
└── setup.sql


/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | debug_rays
2 | scenelist.txt
3 | *.ppm
4 | anim
5 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | Copyright (c) 2021 Gary Briggs <chunky@icculus.org>
 2 | 
 3 | Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 4 | of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 5 | in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 6 | to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 7 | copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 8 | furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 9 | 
10 | The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
11 | copies or substantial portions of the Software.
12 | 
13 | THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
14 | IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
15 | FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
16 | AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
17 | LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
18 | OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
19 | SOFTWARE.
20 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | # A Pure SQL Raytracer
  2 | 
  3 | Everyone writes a raytracer sooner or later. This is mine.
  4 | 
  5 | ## Example Outputs
  6 | 
  7 | <img src="example_outputs/dielectricparty.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/oneglassball.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/adjacentballs.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/onegreyball.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/reflectiontest.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/twodiffuseballs.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/onegreenball.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/onemirrorball.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/threemirrors.png" width=200> <img src="example_outputs/twomirrorballs.png" width=200>
  8 | 
  9 | ## Usage
 10 | 
 11 | ```shell
 12 | sh create.sh
 13 | ```
 14 | 
 15 | ```postgres_connection.sh``` contains host/database/user/pass/etc.
 16 | There are no exotic needs other than "postgres, like version 10 and up
 17 | or something"
 18 | 
 19 | For what it's worth, I created mine thus on my ubuntu desktop:
 20 | ```shell
 21 | sudo su - postgres
 22 | createuser --pwprompt raytracer
 23 | createdb -O raytracer raytracer
 24 | ```
 25 | 
 26 | ### Levers for development and rendering
 27 | 
 28 | While doing development, obviously a few-minute render time is a pretty
 29 | poor cycle time. There are a few levers you can pull to speed things up
 30 | and reduce quality. They're on "camera" and "img" in setup.sql:
 31 | 
 32 | * *samples\_per\_px* - This is the number of rays/sub-samples per pixel.
 33 |   - 1 or 2 is fine during debugging
 34 |   - 15-20 gives "workable" pictures
 35 |   - Going above 50 doesn't generate much visible improvement
 36 | * *max\_ray\_depth* - The maximum number of ray bounces
 37 |   - For simple scenes, it usually makes no more than 5 or so bounces
 38 | * *res\_x* and *res\_y* - Final image resolution
 39 |   - Smaller is faster
 40 | 
 41 | The main CTE carries a lot of stuff that's unnecessary to final output.
 42 | This is so I can examine rays bouncing through the scene with:
 43 | ```sql
 44 | SELECT * FROM rays WHERE img_x=100 AND img_y=250
 45 | ```
 46 | 
 47 | ## Database
 48 | 
 49 | This is implemented in pure SQL. It doesn't do anything like CREATE
 50 | FUNCTION or other nonportables, except for the trigger to do animation,
 51 | which obviously doesn't count.
 52 | 
 53 | At the same time, there are some not-entirely-common features of SQL
 54 | that it needs:
 55 | 
 56 | * JOIN LATERAL
 57 | * PARTITION BY inside of a RECURSIVE CTE
 58 | * Math functions like SIN()
 59 | 
 60 | So although I started developing this in SQLite, I ended up leaning
 61 | on PostgreSQL. As I write this, it works in postgres and hasn't been
 62 | tested in anything else.
 63 | 
 64 | ## Interesting Implementation Pieces
 65 | 
 66 | Such as it is, I did find myself solving some problems in interesting
 67 | ways.
 68 | 
 69 | ### JOIN LATERAL
 70 | 
 71 | JOIN LATERAL is a way to do a correlated subquery in a JOIN, instead of
 72 | just in a WHERE clause. I use this as a way to hoist calculations and
 73 | do many of them only once and, in some cases, avoid excessive duplication.
 74 | 
 75 | ### Diffuse Scattering
 76 | 
 77 | This requires sampling a uniform sphere. I generate a lot of random
 78 | samples ahead of time [sample with rejection -> scale points to sphere
 79 | surface], and number them.
 80 | 
 81 | Figuring out a way to join each ray to a single random row from these
 82 | precalculated scatters was weird; can't just join to RANDOM() because
 83 | every ray got joined to the same, random, scatter. Can't just select
 84 | with a typical calculation on a normal because that leads to stripes
 85 | in the picture.  So, instead, I schlep out a later few decimals of one
 86 | dimension of a normal, then join to that. It's "random" but also
 87 | unique-enough-per-ray.
 88 | 
 89 | ### Recursive CTEs
 90 | 
 91 | Raytracing very naturally tracks how recursive CTEs work. One of the
 92 | things I ran into was a clean way to identify which ray is the one to
 93 | account for. Using a window function ordering by intercept (t) worked
 94 | well. Every iteration, this query intersects a ray with *everything*
 95 | in front of it and does all of the associated calculations, but then in
 96 | the WHERE clause will reject everything except the thing the ray
 97 | actually hit.
 98 | 
 99 | Also, there's something really beautiful about the simplicity of the
100 | core of the final rollup [edited for clarity]:
101 | ```sql
102 |  SELECT img_x, img_y,
103 |          SUM(POW(color_mult * ray_col_r/samples_per_px, gamma)) col_r,
104 |          SUM(POW(color_mult * ray_col_g/samples_per_px, gamma)) col_g,
105 |          SUM(POW(color_mult * ray_col_b/samples_per_px, gamma)) col_b
106 |     FROM rays
107 |     GROUP BY img_y, img_x
108 | ```
109 | 
110 | ### Scenes, materials, etc
111 | 
112 | Because this is in SQL, I can store multiple scenes in the database. Which
113 | one is actually rendered is selected in the "camera" table.
114 | 
115 | ## Standing on the Necks of Giants
116 | 
117 | Two years before I wrote this "The most advanced MySQL raytracer on the
118 | market right now" did the rounds on social media:
119 | https://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=83222
120 | 
121 | I had a few things in mind that I wanted to do differently [worse?]:
122 | 
123 | * Demoscene is an artform. I'm not golfing, this isn't minified
124 | * Not a single query; that can be done with CTEs, but ehhhhhhhh
125 | * Animation as an endgame
126 | * Mainly, I'm just buggering around with the wrong tool for the job
127 | 
128 | ## References
129 | 
130 | Most of this is built following the "Ray Tracing in One Weekend"
131 | series: https://raytracing.github.io/ , then making allowances for
132 | the deliberately obtuse way I'm coding it.
133 | 
134 | 
135 | Gary <chunky@icculus.org>
136 | 
137 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/anim.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | #!/bin/sh
 2 | 
 3 | . ./postgres_connection.sh
 4 | 
 5 | scenename="busyday"
 6 | outfolder=anim
 7 | dt=0.05
 8 | gravity=-9.8
 9 | 
10 | psql \
11 | 	--host=${PGHOST} \
12 | 	--port=${PGPORT} \
13 | 	--username=${PGUSER} \
14 | 	--dbname=${PGDB} \
15 | 	--file=setup.sql \
16 | 	--file=raytracer.sql \
17 | 	--command="UPDATE camera SET sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='${scenename}')"
18 | 
19 | mkdir -p ${outfolder}
20 | 
21 | for frame in `seq -w 0 1000`
22 | do
23 |   echo "Frame ${frame}"
24 |   psql \
25 |   	--host=${PGHOST} \
26 |   	--port=${PGPORT} \
27 |   	--username=${PGUSER} \
28 |   	--dbname=${PGDB} \
29 | 	--command="INSERT INTO updateworld(dt, grav_x, grav_y, grav_z) VALUES (${dt}, 0.0, ${gravity}, 0.0)" \
30 |   	--command="\\timing" \
31 | 	--command="\\copy (select * from ppm) to './${outfolder}/${scenename}_${frame}.ppm' csv"
32 | 
33 | done
34 | 
35 | ffmpeg \
36 | 	-r 25 \
37 | 	-i ./${outfolder}/${scenename}_%d.ppm \
38 | 	-vcodec libx264 \
39 | 	-crf 25 \
40 |        	-pix_fmt yuv420p \
41 | 	./${outfolder}/${scenename}.mp4
42 | 
43 | 


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/create.sh:
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 1 | #!/bin/sh
 2 | 
 3 | . ./postgres_connection.sh
 4 | 
 5 | # Creating this file overrides which scenes get rendered
 6 | scenelist_override=scenelist_override.txt
 7 | 
 8 | scenelist=scenelist.txt
 9 | 
10 | outputdir=example_outputs
11 | 
12 | mkdir -p ${outputdir}
13 | 
14 | psql \
15 | 	--host=${PGHOST} \
16 | 	--port=${PGPORT} \
17 | 	--username=${PGUSER} \
18 | 	--dbname=${PGDB} \
19 | 	--file=setup.sql \
20 | 	--file=raytracer.sql \
21 | 	--command="\\timing" \
22 | 	--command="\\copy (select scenename from scene) to './${outputdir}/${scenelist}' csv"
23 | 
24 | test -e ${scenelist_override} && cp ${scenelist_override} ${outputdir}/${scenelist}
25 | 
26 | while read scenename
27 | do
28 |   echo ""
29 |   echo "Rendering scene ${scenename}"
30 |   psql \
31 |   	--host=${PGHOST} \
32 |   	--port=${PGPORT} \
33 |   	--username=${PGUSER} \
34 |   	--dbname=${PGDB} \
35 |   	--command="UPDATE camera SET sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='${scenename}')" \
36 |   	--command="\\timing" \
37 | 	--command="\\copy (select * from ppm) to './${outputdir}/${scenename}.ppm' csv"
38 | 
39 |   if [ "$(uname)" == "Darwin" ]; then
40 |     open ./${outputdir}/${scenename}.ppm
41 |   else
42 |     xdg-open ./${outputdir}/${scenename}.ppm
43 |   fi
44 |   
45 |   convert ./${outputdir}/${scenename}.ppm ./${outputdir}/${scenename}.png
46 | 
47 | done < ./${outputdir}/${scenelist}
48 | 
49 | 


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/debug_rays.sh:
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  1 | #!/bin/sh
  2 | 
  3 | . ./postgres_connection.sh
  4 | 
  5 | debug_dir=debug_rays
  6 | mkdir -p ${debug_dir}
  7 | cd ${debug_dir}
  8 | 
  9 | psql \
 10 | 	--host=${PGHOST} \
 11 |         --port=${PGPORT} \
 12 |         --username=${PGUSER} \
 13 |         --dbname=${PGDB} \
 14 |         --command="\\copy (select sphereid, cx, cy, cz, radius from sphere inner join camera c ON c.sceneid=sphere.sceneid) to './spheres.csv' with csv header" \
 15 | 	--command="\\copy (select * from rays WHERE img_x=125 AND img_y between 120 and 195 and 0=img_y%5) to './rays.csv' with csv header"
 16 | 
 17 | img_size=1024
 18 | 
 19 | scale_vector=5
 20 | 
 21 | cat <<EOH > gnuplot.gp
 22 | set terminal png size ${img_size},${img_size}
 23 | set xrange [-60:60]
 24 | set yrange [-60:60]
 25 | set datafile separator ','
 26 | set key autotitle columnhead
 27 | 
 28 | set output 'debug_rays_xz.png'
 29 | set xlabel "X"
 30 | set ylabel "Z"
 31 | plot \\
 32 |         "spheres.csv" u 2:4:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 33 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:14:(${scale_vector}*\$19/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$21/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 34 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:14:(${scale_vector}*\$15):(${scale_vector}*\$17) w vectors filled head t 'rays'
 35 | 
 36 | set output 'debug_rays_zx.png'
 37 | set xlabel "Z"
 38 | set ylabel "X"
 39 | plot \\
 40 |         "spheres.csv" u 4:2:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 41 | 	"rays.csv" u 14:12:(${scale_vector}*\$21/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$19/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 42 | 	"rays.csv" u 14:12:(${scale_vector}*\$17):(${scale_vector}*\$15) w vectors filled head t 'rays'
 43 | 
 44 | set output 'debug_rays_xy.png'
 45 | set xlabel "X"
 46 | set ylabel "Y"
 47 | plot \\
 48 |         "spheres.csv" u 2:3:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 49 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:13:(${scale_vector}*\$19/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$20/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 50 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:13:(${scale_vector}*\$15):(${scale_vector}*\$16) w vectors t 'rays'
 51 | 
 52 | set output 'debug_rays_yx.png'
 53 | set xlabel "Y"
 54 | set ylabel "X"
 55 | plot \\
 56 |         "spheres.csv" u 3:2:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 57 | 	"rays.csv" u 13:12:(${scale_vector}*\$20/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$19/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 58 | 	"rays.csv" u 13:12:(${scale_vector}*\$16):(${scale_vector}*\$15) w vectors t 'rays'
 59 | 
 60 | set output 'debug_rays_yz.png'
 61 | set xlabel "Y"
 62 | set ylabel "Z"
 63 | plot \\
 64 |         "spheres.csv" u 3:4:5 w circles t 'spheres', \
 65 | 	"rays.csv" u 13:14:(${scale_vector}*\$20/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$21/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 66 | 	"rays.csv" u 13:14:(${scale_vector}*\$16):(${scale_vector}*\$17) w vectors t 'rays'
 67 | 
 68 | set output 'debug_rays_zy.png'
 69 | set xlabel "Z"
 70 | set ylabel "Y"
 71 | plot \\
 72 |         "spheres.csv" u 4:3:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 73 | 	"rays.csv" u 14:13:(${scale_vector}*\$21/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$20/\$22) w vectors t 'normals', \\
 74 | 	"rays.csv" u 14:13:(${scale_vector}*\$17):(${scale_vector}*\$16) w vectors t 'rays'
 75 | 
 76 | set output '3view.png'
 77 | set xrange [-120:120]
 78 | set yrange [-120:120]
 79 | set zrange [-120:120]
 80 | set xlabel "X"
 81 | set ylabel "Y"
 82 | set zlabel "Z"
 83 | splot \\
 84 | 	"spheres.csv" u 2:3:4:5 w circles t 'spheres', \\
 85 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:13:14:(${scale_vector}*\$19/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$20/\$22):(${scale_vector}*\$21/\$22) w vectors filled head t 'normals', \\
 86 | 	"rays.csv" u 12:13:14:(${scale_vector}*\$15):(${scale_vector}*\$16):(${scale_vector}*\$17) w vectors filled head t 'rays'
 87 | 
 88 | set terminal qt
 89 | replot
 90 | 
 91 | EOH
 92 | 
 93 | gnuplot gnuplot.gp
 94 | 
 95 | montage \
 96 | 	-tile 2x2 \
 97 | 	-geometry ${img_size}x${img_size} \
 98 | 	debug_rays_xy.png \
 99 |        	debug_rays_zy.png \
100 |        	debug_rays_xz.png \
101 |        	3view.png \
102 | 	debug_rays.png
103 | 
104 | xdg-open debug_rays.png
105 | 
106 | 


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/example_outputs/oneglassball.png:
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/postgres_connection.sh:
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1 | PGHOST=localhost
2 | PGPORT=5432
3 | PGUSER=raytracer
4 | PGDB=raytracer
5 | 
6 | PGPASSWORD=raytracer
7 | export PGPASSWORD
8 | 
9 | 


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/raytracer.sql:
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  1 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sphere_sample CASCADE;
  2 | CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sphere_sample (x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
  3 | 	a DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, b DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, c DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, sampleno INTEGER NOT NULL, n_samples INTEGER NOT NULL);
  4 | INSERT INTO sphere_sample
  5 |      WITH square_sample AS (SELECT 2.0*(RANDOM() - 0.5) AS a1, 2.0*(RANDOM() - 0.5) AS b1, 2.0*(RANDOM() - 0.5) AS c1
  6 |           FROM generate_series(1, 5000)),
  7 |      ball_sample AS (SELECT a1 AS a, b1 AS b, c1 AS c, SQRT(a1*a1+b1*b1+c1*c1) AS radius FROM square_sample WHERE 1>=(a1*a1+b1*b1+c1*c1)),
  8 |      sphere_sample AS (SELECT a/radius AS x, b/radius AS y, c/radius AS z, a, b, c, ROW_NUMBER() OVER () AS sampleno, COUNT(*) OVER () AS n_samples FROM ball_sample)
  9 |      SELECT x,y,z,a,b,c,sampleno,n_samples FROM sphere_sample;
 10 | DROP INDEX IF EXISTS idx_ss;
 11 | CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_ss ON sphere_sample(sampleno);
 12 | 
 13 | DROP VIEW IF EXISTS rays CASCADE;
 14 | CREATE VIEW rays AS
 15 |     WITH RECURSIVE
 16 |      xs AS (SELECT 0 AS u, 0.0 AS img_frac_x UNION ALL SELECT u+1, (u+1.0)/img.res_x FROM xs, img WHERE xs.u<img.res_x-1),
 17 |      ys AS (SELECT 0 AS v, 0.0 AS img_frac_y UNION ALL SELECT v+1, (v+1.0)/img.res_y FROM ys, img WHERE ys.v<img.res_y-1),
 18 |      px_sample_n(px_sample_n, px_jitter_u, px_jitter_v) AS (SELECT 1, (RANDOM()-0.5) * (fov_rad_x/res_x), (RANDOM()-0.5) * (fov_rad_y/res_y)
 19 |                 FROM camera, img
 20 |         UNION ALL SELECT px_sample_n+1, (RANDOM()-0.5) * (fov_rad_x/res_x), (RANDOM()-0.5) * (fov_rad_y/res_y)
 21 |                 FROM px_sample_n, camera, img WHERE px_sample_n<camera.samples_per_px),
 22 |      rs(img_x, img_y, sceneid, depth, max_ray_depth, samples_per_px, px_sample_n, color_mult,
 23 |           ray_col_r, ray_col_g, ray_col_b,
 24 |           x1, y1, z1,
 25 |           dir_x, dir_y, dir_z,
 26 |           dir_lensquared,
 27 |           n_x, n_y, n_z, n_len,
 28 |           stop_tracing, ray_len_idx, hit_sphereid, n_sphere_samples, inside_dielectric) AS
 29 |         -- Send out initial set of rays from camera
 30 |          (SELECT xs.u, ys.v, c.sceneid, -1, max_ray_depth, samples_per_px, px_sample_n, CAST(2.0 AS DOUBLE PRECISION),
 31 |                 CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION), CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION), CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION),
 32 |                  c.x, c.y, c.z,
 33 |                  (SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u) /
 34 |                     SQRT(((SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u)*(SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u) +
 35 |                       (SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v)*(SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v) + 1.0)),
 36 |                  (SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v) /
 37 |                     SQRT(((SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u)*(SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u) +
 38 |                       (SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v)*(SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v) + 1.0)),
 39 |                  CAST(1.0 AS DOUBLE PRECISION) /
 40 |                     SQRT(((SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u)*(SIN(c.rot_y-(fov_rad_x/2.0)+img_frac_x*fov_rad_x) + px_jitter_u) +
 41 |                       (SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v)*(SIN(c.rot_x-(fov_rad_y/2.0)+img_frac_y*fov_rad_y) + px_jitter_v) + 1.0)),
 42 |                  CAST(1.0 AS DOUBLE PRECISION),
 43 |                  CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION), CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION), CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION), CAST(NULL AS DOUBLE PRECISION),
 44 |                  CAST(0 AS BOOLEAN), CAST(1 AS BIGINT), CAST(NULL AS INTEGER),
 45 |                  (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sphere_sample), FALSE
 46 |               FROM camera c, img, xs, ys, px_sample_n
 47 |         UNION ALL
 48 |          -- Collide all rays with spheres
 49 |           SELECT img_x, img_y, rs.sceneid, depth+1, max_ray_depth, samples_per_px, px_sample_n,
 50 |                  (CASE WHEN norm_x IS NULL THEN 0.5 ELSE mirror_frac END)*color_mult,
 51 |                  CASE WHEN discrim>0 THEN (CASE
 52 |                                                 WHEN shade_normal THEN mat_col_r*(1+norm_x)/2
 53 |                                                 ELSE mat_col_r
 54 |                                            END)
 55 |                      ELSE 1.0-(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0)))+0.2*(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0))) END,
 56 |                  CASE WHEN discrim>0 THEN (CASE
 57 |                                                 WHEN shade_normal THEN mat_col_g*(1+norm_y)/2
 58 |                                                 ELSE mat_col_g
 59 |                                            END)
 60 |                      ELSE 1.0-(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0)))+0.3*(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0))) END,
 61 |                  CASE WHEN discrim>0 THEN (CASE
 62 |                                                 WHEN shade_normal THEN mat_col_b*(1+norm_z)/2
 63 |                                                 ELSE mat_col_b
 64 |                                            END)
 65 |                      ELSE 1.0-(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0)))+1.0*(0.5*((dir_y/SQRT(dir_lensquared)+1.0))) END,
 66 |                  -- x1, y1, z1
 67 |                  hit_x, hit_y, hit_z,
 68 |                  -- dir_x, dir_y, dir_z
 69 |                  CASE WHEN is_metal OR (is_dielectric AND must_reflect)
 70 |                           THEN (dir_x - 2 * norm_x * dot_ray_norm) / reflection_len
 71 |                      WHEN is_dielectric THEN (reflec_dir_x + refrac_dir_x) / refrac_len
 72 |                      ELSE diffuse_dir_x/diffuse_dir_len
 73 |                  END,
 74 |                  CASE WHEN is_metal OR (is_dielectric AND must_reflect)
 75 |                           THEN (dir_y - 2 * norm_y * dot_ray_norm) / reflection_len
 76 |                      WHEN is_dielectric THEN (reflec_dir_y + refrac_dir_y) / refrac_len
 77 |                      ELSE diffuse_dir_y/diffuse_dir_len
 78 |                   END,
 79 |                  CASE WHEN is_metal OR (is_dielectric AND must_reflect)
 80 |                           THEN (dir_z - 2 * norm_z * dot_ray_norm) / reflection_len
 81 |                      WHEN is_dielectric THEN (reflec_dir_z + refrac_dir_z) / refrac_len
 82 |                      ELSE diffuse_dir_z/diffuse_dir_len
 83 |                   END,
 84 |                  1.0,
 85 |                  norm_x, norm_y, norm_z, 1.0,
 86 |                  discrim IS NULL, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY img_x, img_y, depth+1, px_sample_n
 87 |                                                           ORDER BY t),
 88 |                  sphereid, n_sphere_samples, (inside_dielectric AND NOT must_reflect) OR (NOT inside_dielectric AND NOT is_dielectric)
 89 |            FROM rs
 90 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
 91 |                (SELECT s.*, (((x1-cx)*dir_x+(y1-cy)*dir_y+(z1-cz)*dir_z)*((x1-cx)*dir_x+(y1-cy)*dir_y+(z1-cz)*dir_z)-
 92 |                              (((x1-cx)*(x1-cx)+(y1-cy)*(y1-cy)+(z1-cz)*(z1-cz)-radius2)*dir_lensquared)) discrim,
 93 |                        (-((x1-cx)*dir_x+(y1-cy)*dir_y+(z1-cz)*dir_z)
 94 |                             -SQRT(((x1-cx)*dir_x+(y1-cy)*dir_y+(z1-cz)*dir_z)*((x1-cx)*dir_x+(y1-cy)*dir_y+(z1-cz)*dir_z)-
 95 |                                     (((x1-cx)*(x1-cx)+(y1-cy)*(y1-cy)+(z1-cz)*(z1-cz)-radius2)*dir_lensquared))/dir_lensquared) t
 96 |                          FROM sphere s
 97 |                          WHERE s.sceneid=rs.sceneid
 98 |                        ) hit_sphere ON discrim>0 AND t>0
 99 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
100 |                (SELECT x1+dir_x*t AS hit_x, y1+dir_y*t AS hit_y, z1+dir_z*t AS hit_z,
101 |                        x1+dir_x*t-cx AS norm_x_nonunit, y1+dir_y*t-cy AS norm_y_nonunit, z1+dir_z*t-cz AS norm_z_nonunit,
102 |                        SQRT((x1+dir_x*t-cx)*(x1+dir_x*t-cx)+(y1+dir_y*t-cy)*(y1+dir_y*t-cy)+(z1+dir_z*t-cz)*(z1+dir_z*t-cz)) AS norm_len,
103 |                        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY img_x, img_y, depth, px_sample_n ORDER BY t ASC) AS t_idx
104 |                        WHERE t>0
105 |                ) sphere_normal ON t_idx=1
106 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
107 |                (SELECT norm_x_nonunit/norm_len AS norm_x, norm_y_nonunit/norm_len AS norm_y, norm_z_nonunit/norm_len AS norm_z
108 |                ) sphere_unit_normal ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
109 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
110 |                (SELECT dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z AS dot_ray_norm,
111 |                        SQRT((dir_x - 2 * norm_x * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z)) * (dir_x - 2 * norm_x * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z)) +
112 |                        (dir_y - 2 * norm_y * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z)) * (dir_y - 2 * norm_y * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z)) +
113 |                        (dir_z - 2 * norm_z * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z)) * (dir_z - 2 * norm_z * (dir_x*norm_x + dir_y*norm_y + dir_z*norm_z))) AS reflection_len
114 |                ) dot_ray_norm ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
115 |            LEFT JOIN material ON material.materialid=hit_sphere.materialid
116 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
117 |                (SELECT x, y, z,
118 |                        x+norm_x AS diffuse_dir_x, y+norm_y AS diffuse_dir_y, z+norm_z AS diffuse_dir_z,
119 |                        SQRT((x+norm_x)*(x+norm_x)+(y+norm_y)*(y+norm_y)+(z+norm_z)*(z+norm_z)) AS diffuse_dir_len
120 |                 FROM sphere_sample ss WHERE ss.sampleno=1+CAST(FLOOR(ABS((100000*dir_x)-FLOOR(100000*dir_x))*n_sphere_samples) AS INTEGER)
121 |                ) diffuse_scatter ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
122 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
123 |                (SELECT (CASE WHEN is_dielectric THEN 1.0/eta ELSE eta END) AS ir) index_of_refraction ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
124 |            LEFT JOIN LATERAL
125 |                (SELECT LEAST(1.0, (-(dir_x*norm_x) -(dir_y*norm_y) -(dir_z*norm_z))) AS cos_theta,
126 |                        ((1.0-ir)/(1.0+ir))*((1.0-ir)/(1.0+ir)) AS r0
127 |                ) refract_cos_theta ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
128 |           LEFT JOIN LATERAL
129 |                (SELECT ir * (dir_x + cos_theta * norm_x) AS refrac_dir_x,
130 |                        ir * (dir_y + cos_theta * norm_y) AS refrac_dir_y,
131 |                        ir * (dir_z + cos_theta * norm_z) AS refrac_dir_z,
132 |                        SQRT(1.0-cos_theta*cos_theta) AS sin_theta,
133 |                        r0 + (1.0 - r0)*pow(1.0-cos_theta, 5) AS reflectance
134 |                ) refrac_vec ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
135 |           LEFT JOIN LATERAL
136 |                (SELECT -norm_x*SQRT(ABS(1.0 - (refrac_dir_x*refrac_dir_x + refrac_dir_y*refrac_dir_y + refrac_dir_z*refrac_dir_z))) AS reflec_dir_x,
137 |                        -norm_y*SQRT(ABS(1.0 - (refrac_dir_x*refrac_dir_x + refrac_dir_y*refrac_dir_y + refrac_dir_z*refrac_dir_z))) AS reflec_dir_y,
138 |                        -norm_z*SQRT(ABS(1.0 - (refrac_dir_x*refrac_dir_x + refrac_dir_y*refrac_dir_y + refrac_dir_z*refrac_dir_z))) AS reflec_dir_z,
139 |                        (sin_theta*ir>1.0) OR (reflectance > RANDOM()) AS must_reflect
140 |                ) reflec_vec ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
141 |           LEFT JOIN LATERAL
142 |                (SELECT SQRT((reflec_dir_x+refrac_dir_x)*(reflec_dir_x+refrac_dir_x)+
143 |                        (reflec_dir_y+refrac_dir_y)*(reflec_dir_y+refrac_dir_y)+
144 |                        (reflec_dir_z+refrac_dir_z)*(reflec_dir_z+refrac_dir_z)) refrac_len
145 |                ) refrac_len ON norm_x IS NOT NULL
146 |               WHERE depth<max_ray_depth AND NOT stop_tracing AND ray_len_idx=1
147 |              )
148 |    SELECT * FROM rs WHERE ray_len_idx=1;
149 | -- select * from rays;
150 | 
151 | DROP VIEW IF EXISTS do_render;
152 | CREATE VIEW do_render AS
153 |  SELECT A.img_x, -A.img_y,
154 |          GREATEST(0.0, LEAST(1.0, SUM(POW(A.color_mult * COALESCE(A.ray_col_r, 0.0)/A.samples_per_px, gamma)))) col_r,
155 |          GREATEST(0.0, LEAST(1.0, SUM(POW(A.color_mult * COALESCE(A.ray_col_g, 0.0)/A.samples_per_px, gamma)))) col_g,
156 |          GREATEST(0.0, LEAST(1.0, SUM(POW(A.color_mult * COALESCE(A.ray_col_b, 0.0)/A.samples_per_px, gamma)))) col_b
157 |     FROM rays A, img
158 |      WHERE A.depth>=0
159 |     GROUP BY -A.img_y, A.img_x
160 |     ORDER BY -A.img_y, A.img_x;
161 | 
162 | DROP VIEW IF EXISTS ppm;
163 | CREATE VIEW ppm AS
164 |  WITH maxcol(mc) AS (SELECT 255)
165 |     SELECT 'P3'
166 |   UNION ALL
167 |     SELECT res_x || ' ' || res_y || ' ' || mc FROM img, maxcol
168 |   UNION ALL
169 |     SELECT CAST(col_r*mc AS INTEGER) || ' ' || CAST(col_g*mc AS INTEGER) || ' ' || CAST(col_b*mc AS INTEGER)
170 |       FROM do_render, maxcol;
171 |   ;
172 | 
173 | -- SELECT * FROM rays WHERE img_x=2 AND img_y=2;
174 | 


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/setup.sql:
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  1 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS material CASCADE;
  2 | CREATE TABLE material (materialid SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT,
  3 |   mat_col_r DOUBLE PRECISION, mat_col_g DOUBLE PRECISION, mat_col_b DOUBLE PRECISION,
  4 |   is_metal BOOLEAN NOT NULL, shade_normal BOOLEAN NOT NULL, mirror_frac DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
  5 |   is_dielectric BOOLEAN NOT NULL, eta DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.0);
  6 | INSERT INTO material (name, mat_col_r, mat_col_g, mat_col_b, is_metal, shade_normal, mirror_frac, is_dielectric, eta) VALUES
  7 |     ('dark', 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, FALSE, FALSE, 0.1, FALSE, 1.0),
  8 |     ('red', 0.95, 0.0, 0.0, FALSE, TRUE, 0.5, FALSE, 1.0),
  9 |     ('green', 0.0, 0.95, 0.0, FALSE, TRUE, 0.5, FALSE, 1.0),
 10 |     ('blue', 0.0, 0.0, 0.95, TRUE, TRUE, 0.5, FALSE, 1.0),
 11 |     ('grey', 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, FALSE, FALSE, 0.5, FALSE, 1.0),
 12 |     ('bright', 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, TRUE, TRUE, 0.5, FALSE, 1.0),
 13 |     ('mirror', NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, FALSE, 0.99, FALSE, 1.0),
 14 |     ('bluemirror', 0.0, 0.0, 0.3, TRUE, FALSE, 0.9, FALSE, 1.0),
 15 |     ('greenmirror', 0.0, 0.2, 0.0, TRUE, FALSE, 0.9, FALSE, 1.0),
 16 |     ('glass', NULL, NULL, NULL, FALSE, FALSE, 0.95, TRUE, 1.5),
 17 |     ('greenglass', 0.0, 0.2, 0.0, FALSE, FALSE, 0.8, TRUE, 1.5),
 18 |     ('diamond', NULL, NULL, NULL, FALSE, FALSE, 0.99, TRUE, 2.4),
 19 |     ('antiglass', NULL, NULL, NULL, FALSE, FALSE, 0.99, TRUE, 0.2)
 20 | ;
 21 | 
 22 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS scene CASCADE;
 23 | CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS scene (sceneid SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
 24 |    scenename TEXT UNIQUE NOT NULL);
 25 | INSERT INTO scene (scenename) VALUES ('dielectricparty'),
 26 |                                      ('oneglassball'),
 27 |                                      ('onediamondball'),
 28 |                                      ('oneantiglassball'),
 29 |                                      ('onegreyball'),
 30 |                                      ('onegreenball'),
 31 |                                      ('twomirrorballs'),
 32 |                                      ('twodiffuseballs'),
 33 |                                      ('onemirrorball'),
 34 |                                      ('reflectiontest'),
 35 |                                      ('threemirrors'),
 36 |                                      ('adjacentballs'),
 37 |                                      ('busyday');
 38 | 
 39 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sphere CASCADE;
 40 | CREATE TABLE sphere (sphereid SERIAL, sceneid INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES scene(sceneid),
 41 |   cx DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, cy DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, cz DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
 42 |   radius DOUBLE PRECISION, radius2 DOUBLE PRECISION, materialid INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES material(materialid) DEFERRABLE,
 43 |   vel_x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0, vel_y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0, vel_z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0.0,
 44 |   coefficient_of_restitution DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 1.0);
 45 | 
 46 | INSERT INTO sphere (cx, cy, cz, radius, materialid, sceneid) VALUES
 47 | (0, 24, -10, 5,
 48 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='bright'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='reflectiontest')),
 49 | (0, 5, 0, 5,
 50 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='reflectiontest')),
 51 | (-17, 15, -30, 15,
 52 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='bluemirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='reflectiontest')),
 53 | (24, 23, 10, 23,
 54 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='greenmirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='reflectiontest')),
 55 | 
 56 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 57 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twomirrorballs')),
 58 | (20, 25, -30, 25,
 59 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='greenmirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twomirrorballs')),
 60 | (-20, 25, 0, 25,
 61 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twomirrorballs')),
 62 | 
 63 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 64 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twodiffuseballs')),
 65 | (20, 25, -30, 25,
 66 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='dark'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twodiffuseballs')),
 67 | (-20, 25, 0, 25,
 68 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='green'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='twodiffuseballs')),
 69 | 
 70 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 71 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onemirrorball')),
 72 | (-20, 25, 0, 25,
 73 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onemirrorball')),
 74 | 
 75 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 76 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneglassball')),
 77 | (0, 25, -10, 25,
 78 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='glass'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneglassball')),
 79 | (10, 25, 40, 25,
 80 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneglassball')),
 81 | 
 82 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 83 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onediamondball')),
 84 | (0, 25, -10, 25,
 85 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='diamond'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onediamondball')),
 86 | (10, 25, 40, 25,
 87 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onediamondball')),
 88 | 
 89 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 90 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneantiglassball')),
 91 | (0, 25, -10, 25,
 92 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='antiglass'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneantiglassball')),
 93 | (10, 25, 40, 25,
 94 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='oneantiglassball')),
 95 | 
 96 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
 97 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
 98 | (0, 12, 0, NULL,
 99 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='glass'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
100 | (25, 12, 0, NULL,
101 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='antiglass'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
102 | (-25, 12, 0, NULL,
103 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='diamond'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
104 | (15, 10, 20, NULL,
105 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
106 | (-5, 10, 30, NULL,
107 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='green'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='dielectricparty')),
108 | 
109 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
110 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='green'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='adjacentballs')),
111 | (-24, 12, 0, 12,
112 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='red'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='adjacentballs')),
113 | (0, 12, 0, 12,
114 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='adjacentballs')),
115 | (24, 12, 0, 12,
116 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='bright'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='adjacentballs')),
117 | 
118 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
119 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onegreyball')),
120 | (20, 25, 0, 25,
121 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onegreyball')),
122 | 
123 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
124 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onegreenball')),
125 | (20, 25, 0, 25,
126 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='green'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='onegreenball')),
127 | 
128 | (-20, 15, -15, 22,
129 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='threemirrors')),
130 | (0, 0, 0, 5,
131 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='threemirrors')),
132 | (30, -15, 0, 25,
133 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='mirror'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='threemirrors')),
134 | 
135 | (0, -1250, 0, 1250,
136 |    (SELECT materialid FROM material WHERE name='grey'), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='busyday'))
137 | ;
138 | INSERT INTO sphere (cx, cy, cz, radius, materialid, sceneid, coefficient_of_restitution)
139 | SELECT (RANDOM()-0.5) * 100, 50 + RANDOM() * 20, (RANDOM()-0.5) * 100, RANDOM() * 15,
140 |        1+CAST((RANDOM()*(SELECT MAX(materialid)-1 FROM material)) AS INTEGER), (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='busyday'),
141 |        0.5*RANDOM()+0.5
142 |     FROM generate_series(1, 30)
143 |     GROUP BY generate_series;
144 | 
145 | UPDATE sphere SET radius = cy WHERE radius IS NULL;
146 | UPDATE sphere SET radius2 = radius*radius WHERE radius2 IS NULL;
147 | 
148 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS camera CASCADE;
149 | CREATE TABLE camera (cameraid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, sceneid INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES scene(sceneid),
150 |   x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
151 |   rot_x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, rot_y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, rot_z DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
152 |   fov_rad_x DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL, fov_rad_y DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL,
153 |   max_ray_depth INTEGER NOT NULL, samples_per_px INTEGER NOT NULL);
154 | INSERT INTO camera (cameraid, x, y, z, rot_x, rot_y, rot_z, fov_rad_x, fov_rad_y, max_ray_depth, samples_per_px, sceneid)
155 |   VALUES (1.0, 0.0, 65.0, -120.0, -0.34, 0.0, 0.0, PI()/3.0, PI()/3.0,
156 |           40, 30, (SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='busyday'));
157 | 
158 | DROP TABLE IF EXISTS img CASCADE;
159 | CREATE TABLE img (res_x INTEGER NOT NULL, res_y INTEGER NOT NULL, gamma DOUBLE PRECISION);
160 |     INSERT INTO img (res_x, res_y, gamma)
161 |         VALUES (650, 650, 1.0);
162 | 
163 | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION animate_spheres()
164 | RETURNS TRIGGER
165 | LANGUAGE PLPGSQL
166 | AS $$
167 |     BEGIN
168 |         UPDATE sphere SET vel_x = vel_x + NEW.grav_x*NEW.dt,
169 |                           vel_y = vel_y + NEW.grav_y*NEW.dt,
170 |                           vel_z = vel_z + NEW.grav_z*NEW.dt
171 |           WHERE sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM camera) AND cy>0;
172 |         UPDATE sphere SET vel_y = -vel_y*coefficient_of_restitution WHERE radius>cy
173 |           AND sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM camera);
174 |         UPDATE sphere SET cx=cx+vel_x*NEW.dt,
175 |                           cy=cy+vel_y*NEW.dt,
176 |                           cz=cz+vel_z*NEW.dt
177 |           WHERE sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM camera);
178 |         RETURN NEW;
179 |     END;
180 | $$ ;
181 | 
182 | DROP VIEW IF EXISTS updateworld;
183 | CREATE VIEW updateworld AS (SELECT 0.0 AS dt, 0.0 AS grav_x, 0.0 AS grav_y, 0.0 AS grav_z);
184 | CREATE TRIGGER trig_update_world INSTEAD OF INSERT ON updateworld FOR EACH ROW
185 |     EXECUTE PROCEDURE animate_spheres();
186 | 
187 | -- INSERT INTO updateworld (dt, grav_x, grav_y, grav_z) VALUES (0.1, 0.0, -9.8, 0.0);
188 | -- select cx, cy, cz, vel_x, vel_y, vel_z from sphere
189 | --   where sceneid=(SELECT sceneid FROM scene WHERE scenename='busyday');


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