├── kcc
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── version.py
    ├── cli.py
    ├── query.py
    ├── kconfig.py
    └── defaults.py
├── .gitignore
├── setup.py
├── README.rst
└── LICENSE


/kcc/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | 


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/kcc/version.py:
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1 | '''
2 | Copyright (C) 2018 Intel Corporation
3 | 
4 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
5 | 
6 | Version of Kernel Config Checker
7 | '''
8 | VERSION = '0.0.8'
9 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/.gitignore:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | *~
 2 | *.swp
 3 | *.log
 4 | *.pyc
 5 | .cache/
 6 | .coverage
 7 | .idea/
 8 | .vscode/
 9 | build/
10 | dist/
11 | docs/build/
12 | venv/
13 | wheelhouse/
14 | *.eggs
15 | *.egg-info/
16 | .mypy_cache/
17 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/setup.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | import ast
 2 | from io import open
 3 | 
 4 | from setuptools import find_packages, setup
 5 | 
 6 | with open('kcc/version.py', 'r') as f:
 7 |     for line in f:
 8 |         if line.startswith('VERSION'):
 9 |             version = ast.literal_eval(line.strip().split('=')[-1].strip())
10 |             break
11 | 
12 | with open('README.rst', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
13 |     readme = f.read()
14 | 
15 | setup(
16 |     name='kcc',
17 |     version=version,
18 |     description='Check kernel config for security issues',
19 |     long_description=readme,
20 |     author='Arjan van de Ven',
21 |     author_email='arjan@linux.intel.com',
22 |     url='https://github.com/clearlinux/kernel-config-checker',
23 |     license='GPL-3.0',
24 | 
25 |     keywords=[
26 |         '',
27 |     ],
28 | 
29 |     classifiers=[
30 |         'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
31 |         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
32 |         'License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License v3 (GPLv3)',
33 |         'Natural Language :: English',
34 |         'Operating System :: OS Independent',
35 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
36 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
37 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
38 |         'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
39 |     ],
40 | 
41 |     tests_require=['pytest'],
42 | 
43 |     packages=find_packages(),
44 |     entry_points={
45 |         'console_scripts': [
46 |             'kcc = kcc.cli:cli',
47 |         ],
48 |     },
49 | )
50 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/kcc/cli.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | '''
 2 | Copyright (C) 2018 Intel Corporation
 3 | 
 4 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
 5 | 
 6 | cli for kernel config checker
 7 | '''
 8 | import sys
 9 | import argparse
10 | from typing import Iterator
11 | 
12 | from .kconfig import Kconfig
13 | from .query import KernelSelfProtectionProject
14 | from .defaults import MUST_BE_SET, MUST_BE_SET_OR_MODULE, MUST_BE_UNSET
15 | 
16 | def run(*,
17 |         config_file: str = '',
18 |         query: bool = False):
19 |     if query:
20 |         must_be_set, must_be_set_or_module, must_be_unset = \
21 |                 KernelSelfProtectionProject()
22 |         must_be_set.update(MUST_BE_SET)
23 |         must_be_set_or_module.update(MUST_BE_SET_OR_MODULE)
24 |         must_be_unset.update(MUST_BE_UNSET)
25 |         kconfig = Kconfig(must_be_set=must_be_set,
26 |             must_be_set_or_module=must_be_set_or_module,
27 |             must_be_unset=must_be_unset)
28 |     else:
29 |         kconfig = Kconfig.default()
30 | 
31 |     results = kconfig.check(config_file)
32 |     if not results:
33 |         return
34 |     for opt, msg in results.items():
35 |         print(opt, msg)
36 |     return 1
37 | 
38 | def cli() -> None:
39 |     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
40 |     parser.add_argument('config_file', nargs='?', type=argparse.FileType('r'),
41 |             default=sys.stdin)
42 |     parser.add_argument('--query', default=False, action='store_true')
43 |     args = parser.parse_args()
44 |     ret = run(**vars(args))
45 |     args.config_file.close()
46 |     if isinstance(ret, int):
47 |         sys.exit(ret)
48 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.rst:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | Kernel Config Checker (kcc)
 2 | ===========================
 3 | 
 4 | **STOP** (*hammer time*) **this project hasn't been maintained as well as we'd like. We've archived it in favor of** `Alexander Popov's <https://github.com/a13xp0p0v>`_  **https://github.com/a13xp0p0v/kconfig-hardened-check. More info here: https://linuxplumbersconf.org/event/7/contributions/775/**
 5 | 
 6 | ::
 7 | 
 8 |   DISCONTINUATION OF PROJECT.  This project will no longer be maintained
 9 |   by Intel.  Intel will not provide or guarantee development of or
10 |   support for this project, including but not limited to, maintenance,
11 |   bug fixes, new releases or updates.  Patches to this project are no
12 |   longer accepted by Intel.  If you have an ongoing need to use this
13 |   project, are interested in independently developing it, or would like
14 |   to maintain patches for the community, please create your own fork of
15 |   the project.
16 | 
17 | .. contents:: **Table of Contents**
18 |     :backlinks: none
19 | 
20 | Install
21 | -------
22 | 
23 | .. code-block:: console
24 | 
25 |     pip install kcc
26 | 
27 | Usage
28 | -----
29 | 
30 | Currently running kernel config (enabled with CONFIG_IKCONFIG_PROC).
31 | 
32 | .. code-block:: console
33 | 
34 |     zcat /proc/config.gz | kcc
35 | 
36 | Config from ``/boot``. Common on Debian based distros.
37 | 
38 | .. code-block:: console
39 | 
40 |     kcc /boot/config-$(uname -r)
41 | 
42 | Building kernel from source or release.
43 | 
44 | .. code-block:: console
45 | 
46 |     kcc .config
47 | 
48 | Hacking
49 | -------
50 | 
51 | .. code-block:: console
52 | 
53 |     git clone https://github.com/clearlinux/kernel-config-checker kcc
54 |     cd kcc
55 |     pip install --user -e .
56 | 
57 | License
58 | -------
59 | 
60 | kcc is distributed under the terms of the `GPL-3.0 License
61 | <https://choosealicense.com/licenses/gpl-3.0>`_
62 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/kcc/query.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | '''
 2 | Copyright (C) 2018 Intel Corporation
 3 | 
 4 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
 5 | 
 6 | Scrape best known kernel config settings from the KSPP WiKi.
 7 | '''
 8 | 
 9 | import re
10 | import urllib.request
11 | from typing import Tuple, Dict
12 | 
13 | KSPP_URL = 'https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings'
14 | 
15 | def KernelSelfProtectionProject():
16 |     with urllib.request.urlopen(KSPP_URL) as f:
17 |         if f.code != 200:
18 |             raise ValueError('Failed to retrieve secure config options')
19 |         text = f.read().decode()
20 |         # Map id's from right before the <pre> tag to their contents
21 |         return kspp_gen_config(dict(zip(
22 |             [block.split('id=')[-1].split('"')[1].strip() \
23 |                     for block in text.split('>\n<pre>')],
24 |             [block[:-2] for block in text.split('pre>') \
25 |                     if block.endswith('</')])))
26 | 
27 | def kspp_gen_config(sections_and_configs: Dict[str, str]) \
28 |         -> Tuple[Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
29 |     must_be_set: Dict[str, str] = {}
30 |     must_be_set_or_module: Dict[str, str] = {}
31 |     must_be_unset: Dict[str, str] = {}
32 |     data = sections_and_configs['CONFIGs'] + sections_and_configs['x86_64']
33 |     lines = data.split('\n')
34 |     comment = 0
35 |     for i in range(0, len(lines)):
36 |         line = lines[i]
37 |         if line.startswith('#') \
38 |                 and not line.startswith('# CONFIG_'):
39 |             comment = i
40 |         if i == comment:
41 |             continue
42 |         if 'is not set' in line:
43 |             opt = 'CONFIG_' + line.split('CONFIG_')[1].split()[0]
44 |             must_be_unset[opt] = lines[comment].replace('#', '').strip()
45 |         elif line.endswith('=y'):
46 |             opt = 'CONFIG_' + line.split('CONFIG_')[1].split('=')[0]
47 |             must_be_set[opt] = lines[comment].replace('#', '').strip()
48 |         elif line.endswith('=m'):
49 |             opt = 'CONFIG_' + line.split('CONFIG_')[1].split('=')[0]
50 |             must_be_set_or_module[opt] = lines[comment].replace('#',
51 |                     '').strip()
52 |     # KSPP Recommends disabling modules. Which is not realistic.
53 |     if 'CONFIG_MODULES' in must_be_unset:
54 |         del must_be_unset['CONFIG_MODULES']
55 |     return must_be_set, must_be_set_or_module, must_be_unset
56 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/kcc/kconfig.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | '''
 2 | Copyright (C) 2018 Intel Corporation
 3 | 
 4 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
 5 | 
 6 | Check a kernel config file against a set of best known settings
 7 | See also https://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Kernel_Self_Protection_Project/Recommended_Settings
 8 | '''
 9 | 
10 | import re
11 | import sys
12 | from typing import Dict, Iterable
13 | 
14 | from .defaults import MUST_BE_SET, MUST_BE_SET_OR_MODULE, MUST_BE_UNSET
15 | 
16 | class Kconfig(object):
17 |     '''
18 |     Reads and checks a kernel config file.
19 |     '''
20 | 
21 |     N_MUST_Y = "is not set but is required to be set to y (%s)"
22 |     N_MUST_Y_OR_M = "is not set but is required to be set to y or m (%s)"
23 |     Y_MUST_N = "is set but is required to be not set (%s)"
24 |     M_MUST_Y = "is set as =m but is required to be set to y (%s)"
25 |     M_MUST_N = "is set as =m but is required to be not set (%s)"
26 | 
27 |     def __init__(self, *,
28 |             must_be_set: Dict[str, str] = {},
29 |             must_be_set_or_module : Dict[str, str] = {},
30 |             must_be_unset: Dict[str, str] = {}) -> None:
31 |         self.must_be_set = must_be_set
32 |         self.must_be_set_or_module = must_be_set_or_module
33 |         self.must_be_unset = must_be_unset
34 | 
35 |     @classmethod
36 |     def default(cls):
37 |         return cls(must_be_set=MUST_BE_SET,
38 |                    must_be_set_or_module=MUST_BE_SET_OR_MODULE,
39 |                    must_be_unset=MUST_BE_UNSET)
40 | 
41 |     def check(self, stream: Iterable[str]) -> Dict[str, str]:
42 |         results: Dict[str, str] = {}
43 |         for line in stream:
44 |             results.update(self.check_line(line))
45 |         return results
46 | 
47 |     def check_line(self, line: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
48 |         line = line.strip()
49 |         match = re.search("^# (CONFIG_.*) is not set", line)
50 |         if match:
51 |             notset = match.group(1)
52 |             if notset in self.must_be_set:
53 |                 return {notset: self.N_MUST_Y % \
54 |                         (self.must_be_set[notset])}
55 |             if notset in self.must_be_set_or_module:
56 |                 return {notset: self.N_MUST_Y_OR_M % \
57 |                         ('', self.must_be_set_or_module[notset])}
58 |         match = re.search("^(CONFIG_.*)=y", line)
59 |         if match:
60 |               notset = match.group(1)
61 |               if notset in self.must_be_unset:
62 |                     return {notset: self.Y_MUST_N % \
63 |                             (self.must_be_unset[notset])}
64 |         match = re.search("^(CONFIG_.*)=m", line)
65 |         if match:
66 |             notset = match.group(1)
67 |             if notset in self.must_be_set:
68 |                 return {notset: self.M_MUST_Y % \
69 |                         (self.must_be_set[notset])}
70 |             if notset in self.must_be_unset:
71 |                 return {notset: self.M_MUST_N % \
72 |                         (self.must_be_unset[notset])}
73 |         return {}
74 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/kcc/defaults.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | '''
 2 | Copyright (C) 2018 Intel Corporation
 3 | 
 4 | SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0
 5 | 
 6 | Kernel config checker defaults for what must be set and what must not be set
 7 | '''
 8 | from typing import Dict
 9 | 
10 | MUST_BE_SET: Dict[str, str] = {}
11 | MUST_BE_SET_OR_MODULE: Dict[str, str] = {}
12 | MUST_BE_UNSET: Dict[str, str] = {}
13 | 
14 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE"] = "KASLR is required as a basic security hardening"
15 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY"] = "KASLR is required as a basic security hardening"
16 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX"] = "NX is important for buffer overflow exploit hardening"
17 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR"] = "Stack Protector is for buffer overflow detection and hardening"
18 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR"] = "Stack Protector is for buffer overflow detection and hardening"
19 | 
20 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_DEVMEM"] = "/dev/mem is dangerous and has no legitimate users anymore"
21 | 
22 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_DEBUG_CREDENTIALS"] = "Needed to protect against targeted corruption by rootkits"
23 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_DEBUG_NOTIFIERS"] = "Needed to protect against targeted corruption by rootkits"
24 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST"] = "Needed to protect against targeted corruption by rootkits"
25 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_DEBUG_SG"] = "Needed to protect against targeted corruption by rootkits"
26 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_SCHED_STACK_END_CHECK"] = "Needed to protect against targeted corruption by rootkits"
27 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_RETPOLINE"] = "Needed to protect against Spectre V2"
28 | 
29 | 
30 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_SECCOMP"] = "Seccomp is a security feature needed by systemd"
31 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER"] = "Seccomp is a security feature needed by systemd"
32 | 
33 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY"] = "Protect against ioctl buffer overflows"
34 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_HARDENED_USERCOPY_FALLBACK"] = "Protect against ioctl buffer overflows"
35 | 
36 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_RANDOM"] = "Harden the slab free list with randomization"
37 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_SLAB_FREELIST_HARDENED"] = "Harden the slab free list with randomization"
38 | 
39 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_VMAP_STACK"] = "Guard pages for kernel stacks"
40 | 
41 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_REFCOUNT_FULL"] = "Perform extensive checks on reference counting"
42 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE"]= "Check for memory copies that might overflow a structure in str*() and mem*() functions both at build-time and run-time."
43 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_ACPI_CUSTOM_METHOD"] = "Dangerous; enabling this allows direct physical memory writing"
44 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK"] = "Dangerous; enabling this disables brk ASLR"
45 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_DEVKMEM"] = "Dangerous; enabling this allows direct kernel memory writing."
46 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_PROC_KCORE"] = "Dangerous; exposes kernel text image layout"
47 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO"] = "Dangerous; enabling this disables VDSO ASLR"
48 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_INET_DIAG"] = "Prior to v4.1, assists heap memory attacks; best to keep interface disabled"
49 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_LEGACY_PTYS"] = "Use the modern PTY interface (devpts) only"
50 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_DEBUG_SET_MODULE_RONX"] = "Ensure modules have NX enabled"
51 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_STRICT_MODULE_RWX"] = "Ensure modules have NX enabled"
52 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_MODULE_SIG"] = "Signing of kernel modules is required"
53 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE"] = "Enforce module signing"
54 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_SHA512"] = "Use SHA512 for kernel module signing"
55 | 
56 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_LEGACY_VSYSCALL_NONE"] = "Modern libc no longer needs a fixed-position mapping in userspace, remove it as a possible target."
57 | MUST_BE_SET["CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION"] = "Enable Kernel Page Table Isolation to remove an entire class of cache timing side-channels."
58 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_X86_X32"] = "X32 is rarely used and provides only attack surface"
59 | MUST_BE_UNSET["CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL"] = "Unused dangerous option"
60 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/LICENSE:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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174 | 
175 |   Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
176 | the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
177 | makes it unnecessary.
178 | 
179 |   3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
180 | 
181 |   No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
182 | measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
183 | 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
184 | similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
185 | measures.
186 | 
187 |   When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
188 | circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
189 | is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
190 | the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
191 | modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
192 | users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
193 | technological measures.
194 | 
195 |   4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
196 | 
197 |   You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
198 | receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
199 | appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
200 | keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
201 | non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
202 | keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
203 | recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
204 | 
205 |   You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
206 | and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
207 | 
208 |   5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
209 | 
210 |   You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
211 | produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
212 | terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
213 | 
214 |     a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
215 |     it, and giving a relevant date.
216 | 
217 |     b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
218 |     released under this License and any conditions added under section
219 |     7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
220 |     "keep intact all notices".
221 | 
222 |     c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
223 |     License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
224 |     License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
225 |     additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
226 |     regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
227 |     permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
228 |     invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
229 | 
230 |     d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
231 |     Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
232 |     interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
233 |     work need not make them do so.
234 | 
235 |   A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
236 | works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
237 | and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
238 | in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
239 | "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
240 | used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
241 | beyond what the individual works permit.  Inclusion of a covered work
242 | in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
243 | parts of the aggregate.
244 | 
245 |   6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
246 | 
247 |   You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
248 | of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
249 | machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
250 | in one of these ways:
251 | 
252 |     a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
253 |     (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
254 |     Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
255 |     customarily used for software interchange.
256 | 
257 |     b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
258 |     (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
259 |     written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
260 |     long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
261 |     model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
262 |     copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
263 |     product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
264 |     medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
265 |     more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
266 |     conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
267 |     Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
268 | 
269 |     c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
270 |     written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
271 |     alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
272 |     only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
273 |     with subsection 6b.
274 | 
275 |     d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
276 |     place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
277 |     Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
278 |     further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
279 |     Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
280 |     copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
281 |     may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
282 |     that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
283 |     clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
284 |     Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
285 |     Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
286 |     available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
287 | 
288 |     e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
289 |     you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
290 |     Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
291 |     charge under subsection 6d.
292 | 
293 |   A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
294 | from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
295 | included in conveying the object code work.
296 | 
297 |   A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
298 | tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
299 | or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
300 | into a dwelling.  In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
301 | doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage.  For a particular
302 | product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
303 | typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
304 | of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
305 | actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product.  A product
306 | is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
307 | commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
308 | the only significant mode of use of the product.
309 | 
310 |   "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
311 | procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
312 | and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
313 | a modified version of its Corresponding Source.  The information must
314 | suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
315 | code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
316 | modification has been made.
317 | 
318 |   If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
319 | specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
320 | part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
321 | User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
322 | fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
323 | Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
324 | by the Installation Information.  But this requirement does not apply
325 | if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
326 | modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
327 | been installed in ROM).
328 | 
329 |   The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
330 | requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
331 | for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for
332 | the User Product in which it has been modified or installed.  Access to a
333 | network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
334 | adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
335 | protocols for communication across the network.
336 | 
337 |   Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
338 | in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
339 | documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
340 | source code form), and must require no special password or key for
341 | unpacking, reading or copying.
342 | 
343 |   7. Additional Terms.
344 | 
345 |   "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
346 | License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
347 | Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
348 | be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
349 | that they are valid under applicable law.  If additional permissions
350 | apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
351 | under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
352 | this License without regard to the additional permissions.
353 | 
354 |   When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
355 | remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
356 | it.  (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
357 | removal in certain cases when you modify the work.)  You may place
358 | additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
359 | for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
360 | 
361 |   Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
362 | add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
363 | that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
364 | 
365 |     a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
366 |     terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
367 | 
368 |     b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
369 |     author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
370 |     Notices displayed by works containing it; or
371 | 
372 |     c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
373 |     requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
374 |     reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
375 | 
376 |     d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
377 |     authors of the material; or
378 | 
379 |     e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
380 |     trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
381 | 
382 |     f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
383 |     material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
384 |     it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
385 |     any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
386 |     those licensors and authors.
387 | 
388 |   All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
389 | restrictions" within the meaning of section 10.  If the Program as you
390 | received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
391 | governed by this License along with a term that is a further
392 | restriction, you may remove that term.  If a license document contains
393 | a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
394 | License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
395 | of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
396 | not survive such relicensing or conveying.
397 | 
398 |   If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
399 | must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
400 | additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
401 | where to find the applicable terms.
402 | 
403 |   Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
404 | form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
405 | the above requirements apply either way.
406 | 
407 |   8. Termination.
408 | 
409 |   You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
410 | provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
411 | modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
412 | this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
413 | paragraph of section 11).
414 | 
415 |   However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
416 | license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
417 | provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
418 | finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
419 | holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
420 | prior to 60 days after the cessation.
421 | 
422 |   Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
423 | reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
424 | violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
425 | received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
426 | copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
427 | your receipt of the notice.
428 | 
429 |   Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
430 | licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
431 | this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
432 | reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
433 | material under section 10.
434 | 
435 |   9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
436 | 
437 |   You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
438 | run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
439 | occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
440 | to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
441 | nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
442 | modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
443 | not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
444 | covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
445 | 
446 |   10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
447 | 
448 |   Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
449 | receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
450 | propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
451 | for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
452 | 
453 |   An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
454 | organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
455 | organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
456 | work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
457 | transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
458 | licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
459 | give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
460 | Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
461 | the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
462 | 
463 |   You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
464 | rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
465 | not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
466 | rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
467 | (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
468 | any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
469 | sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
470 | 
471 |   11. Patents.
472 | 
473 |   A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
474 | License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
475 | work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
476 | 
477 |   A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
478 | owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
479 | hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
480 | by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
481 | but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
482 | consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
483 | purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
484 | patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
485 | this License.
486 | 
487 |   Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
488 | patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
489 | make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
490 | propagate the contents of its contributor version.
491 | 
492 |   In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
493 | agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
494 | (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
495 | sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
496 | party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
497 | patent against the party.
498 | 
499 |   If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
500 | and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
501 | to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
502 | publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
503 | then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
504 | available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
505 | patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
506 | consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
507 | license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
508 | actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
509 | covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
510 | in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
511 | country that you have reason to believe are valid.
512 | 
513 |   If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
514 | arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
515 | covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
516 | receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
517 | or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
518 | you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
519 | work and works based on it.
520 | 
521 |   A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
522 | the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
523 | conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
524 | specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
525 | work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
526 | in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
527 | to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
528 | the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
529 | parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
530 | patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
531 | conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
532 | for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
533 | contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
534 | or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
535 | 
536 |   Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
537 | any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
538 | otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
539 | 
540 |   12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
541 | 
542 |   If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
543 | otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
544 | excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
545 | covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
546 | License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
547 | not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
548 | to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
549 | the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
550 | License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
551 | 
552 |   13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
553 | 
554 |   Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
555 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
556 | under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
557 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
558 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
559 | but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
560 | section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
561 | combination as such.
562 | 
563 |   14. Revised Versions of this License.
564 | 
565 |   The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
566 | the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
567 | be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
568 | address new problems or concerns.
569 | 
570 |   Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
571 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
572 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
573 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
574 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
575 | Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
576 | GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
577 | by the Free Software Foundation.
578 | 
579 |   If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
580 | versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
581 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
582 | to choose that version for the Program.
583 | 
584 |   Later license versions may give you additional or different
585 | permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
586 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
587 | later version.
588 | 
589 |   15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
590 | 
591 |   THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
592 | APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
593 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
594 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
595 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
596 | PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
597 | IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
598 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
599 | 
600 |   16. Limitation of Liability.
601 | 
602 |   IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
603 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
604 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
605 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
606 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
607 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
608 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
609 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
610 | SUCH DAMAGES.
611 | 
612 |   17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
613 | 
614 |   If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
615 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
616 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
617 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
618 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
619 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
620 | 
621 |                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
622 | 
623 |             How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
624 | 
625 |   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
626 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
627 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
628 | 
629 |   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
630 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
631 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
632 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
633 | 
634 |     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
635 |     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
636 | 
637 |     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
638 |     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
639 |     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
640 |     (at your option) any later version.
641 | 
642 |     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
643 |     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
644 |     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
645 |     GNU General Public License for more details.
646 | 
647 |     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
648 |     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
649 | 
650 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
651 | 
652 |   If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
653 | notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
654 | 
655 |     <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
656 |     This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
657 |     This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
658 |     under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
659 | 
660 | The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
661 | parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
662 | might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
663 | 
664 |   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
665 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
666 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
667 | <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
668 | 
669 |   The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
670 | into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
671 | may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
672 | the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
673 | Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
674 | <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
675 | 


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