├── .editorconfig ├── .gitignore ├── 2-network-policies ├── Readme.md ├── apply.sh ├── mongodb │ ├── nosqlclient-basic-auth-secret.yaml │ ├── nosqlclient-deployment.yaml │ ├── nosqlclient-ingress.yaml │ ├── nosqlclient-service.yaml │ └── values.yaml ├── namespaces │ ├── monitoring.yaml │ └── production.yaml ├── network-policies │ ├── 1-ingress-production-deny-all.yaml │ ├── 2-ingress-production-allow-traefik-nosqlclient.yaml │ ├── 3-ingress-production-allow-nosqlclient-mongo.yaml │ ├── 4-ingress-production-allow-prometheus-mongodb.yaml │ ├── 5-ingress-kube-system.yaml │ ├── 6-ingress-monitoring.yaml │ ├── 7-egress-default-and-production-namespace.yaml │ ├── 8-egress-other-namespaces.yaml │ └── 9-egress-specific-ips-example.yaml ├── prometheus │ ├── prometheus-basic-auth-secret.yaml │ └── values.yaml ├── traefik │ ├── traefik-basic-console-basic-auth-secret.yaml │ └── values.yaml ├── users.json └── web-console │ ├── deployment.yaml │ ├── ingress.yaml │ ├── secrets.yaml │ ├── service-account.yaml │ └── service.yaml ├── 3-security-context ├── Readme.md ├── apply.sh └── demo │ ├── 01-deployment-run-as-non-root.yaml │ ├── 02-deployment-run-as-non-root-unprivileged.yaml │ ├── 03-deployment-run-as-user-unprivileged.yaml │ ├── 04-deployment-run-as-user.yaml │ ├── 05-deployment-allow-no-privilege-escalation.yaml │ ├── 06-deployment-seccomp.yaml │ ├── 07-deployment-run-without-caps.yaml │ ├── 08-deployment-run-with-certain-caps.yaml │ ├── 09-deployment-run-without-caps-unprivileged.yaml │ ├── 10-deployment-read-only-fs.yaml │ ├── 10a-netpol-egress-docker-sudo-allow-internal-only.yaml │ ├── 11-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs.yaml │ ├── 12-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs-empty-dirs.yaml │ ├── 13-deployment-all-at-once.yaml │ └── interactive-demo.sh ├── 4-pod-security-policies ├── Readme.md ├── apply.sh └── demo │ ├── 01-psp-restrictive.yaml │ ├── 01b-nginx-unprivileged.yaml │ ├── 02a-psp-whitelist.yaml │ ├── 02b-patch-nginx-service-account.yaml │ ├── interactive-demo.sh │ └── psp-privileged.yaml ├── LICENSE ├── Readme.md ├── cluster-utils.sh ├── config.sh ├── createCluster.sh ├── delete-clusters.sh ├── interactive-utils.sh └── terraform ├── main.tf └── vars.tf /.editorconfig: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # top-most EditorConfig file 2 | root = true 3 | 4 | # Unix-style newlines with a newline ending every file 5 | [*] 6 | end_of_line = lf 7 | 8 | [*.json] 9 | indent_style = space 10 | indent_size = 2 11 | 12 | # 4 space indentation 13 | [*.sh] 14 | indent_style = space 15 | indent_size = 2 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | .idea/ 2 | *.iml 3 | terraform/account.json 4 | terraform/.terraform -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/Readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # NetworkPolicy Demo 2 | 3 | ![Clusters, Namespaces, Pods and allowed routes](https://www.plantuml.com/plantuml/svg/dL1BQzj04BxhLspLGawoP9icGfGG70Y5Xf23eOVMXzNks5wqcjdk0rEA_tjtPRKMwGCJNRGptsE-cJldkVMXrzaRXK872S5gjlVUkAOiBJ_CTihlGniSM47e0VrCK5_sIkmLwD9eZabUTA45Y-315SvO5Vzbpvq7Mrfm5Ao0igj_OqL0pLlG88l5UoFyJAK8cUiK6cvvpnH6wPOBO3yonbPST3jB0UKzQRBixMB9br8cXAm4EtRdrzTrBRFZr8XRIuV1P2fzGOeR6K90_uffZ3qG-h7tC7p9F3jla7zShvzpnXrxN6KPaeojJxLZzpga0-LnQ7GnSIhVHUY9z-1C4bwbenRkUsJrLud6ulTbRJbiLRT9XlbOv2VeSRLXHN5xvcHiibl-uHs2DwHll-8J-6VIRaY5PXvvnt-5aB3bGVjpWC_GncEY8msR5v66uLESDUm0RI5EPLDN5oPQ_2-HiII3y8emXRhGSNcAYkI-QQ5L9Fyr_1IFuITbiwogwW-JKTOJxaYsIJ8-c_BNOt5JpM-6VOxP7Q0ClVu9) 4 | 5 | ## Demo Overview 6 | 7 | * Query users from mongo, traefik dashboard, prometheus 8 | * Enable Block all NW Policies in production namespace 9 | * No longer query users 10 | * But: Ingress not working, mongo not reachable 11 | * Whitelist 12 | * Advanced ingress and egress topics 13 | * See the [network-policies](network-policies) folder for YAML representation of the applied Network Policies. 14 | 15 | ## Demo Listing 16 | 17 | `apply.sh` deploys the applications required for the demos. 18 | 19 | Then you can start the demo: 20 | 21 | ```shell script 22 | # Switch to proper kubectl context - alternatively use kubectx 23 | source ../config.sh 24 | gcloud container clusters get-credentials ${CLUSTER[2]} \ 25 | --zone ${ZONE} \ 26 | --project ${PROJECT} 27 | ## Reset 28 | kubectl delete netpol --all -n production 29 | kubectl delete netpol --all -n default 30 | kubectl delete netpol --all -n kube-system 31 | kubectl delete netpol --all -n monitoring 32 | 33 | 34 | #### All traffic is allowed 35 | # http://web-console 36 | curl https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-shell-linux-x86_64-debian92-4.4.1.tgz | tar zxv -C /tmp 37 | mv /tmp/mongo*/bin/mongo /tmp/ 38 | /tmp/mongo users --host mongodb.production.svc.cluster.local --eval 'db.users.find().pretty()' 39 | curl traefik-prometheus.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:9100/metrics 40 | curl prometheus-server.monitoring.svc.cluster.local/graph 41 | 42 | #### Deny all Network Policy 43 | # Console Window 44 | cat network-policies/1-ingress-production-deny-all.yaml 45 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/1-ingress-production-deny-all.yaml 46 | # http://web-console ➡️ exception: connect failed 47 | /tmp/mongo users --host mongodb.production.svc.cluster.local --eval 'db.users.find().pretty()' 48 | # http://nosqlclient/ ➡️ Gateway Timeout 49 | 50 | #### Allow ingress traffic from ingress controller 51 | # Console Window 52 | cat network-policies/2-ingress-production-allow-traefik-nosqlclient.yaml 53 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/2-ingress-production-allow-traefik-nosqlclient.yaml 54 | # http://nosqlclient/➡️ Ingress works again➡️ But can't connect to database mongodb://mongodb/users 55 | 56 | 57 | #### Allow ingress traffic on mongo from nosqlclient 58 | # Console Window 59 | cat network-policies/3-ingress-production-allow-nosqlclient-mongo.yaml 60 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/3-ingress-production-allow-nosqlclient-mongo.yaml 61 | # http://nosqlclient/➡️ Connection works again to database mongodb://mongodb/users 62 | 63 | #### Allow scraping metrics on mongo from prometheus (monitoring namespace) 64 | # http://promtheus 65 | # Still can scrape mongodb?➡️ Pitfall: Restart prometheus 66 | # Console Window 67 | kubectl -n monitoring delete pod $(kubectl -n monitoring get pods | awk '/prometheus-server/ {print $1;exit}') 68 | # http://promtheus➡️ No longer possible to scrape 69 | # Console Window 70 | cat network-policies/4-ingress-production-allow-prometheus-mongodb.yaml 71 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/4-ingress-production-allow-prometheus-mongodb.yaml 72 | # http://promtheus ➡ Scraping possible again 73 | 74 | #### Limit ingress to kube-system and monitoring namespaces 75 | # Console Window 76 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/5-ingress-kube-system.yaml 77 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/6-ingress-monitoring.yaml 78 | # http://web-console➡️ no longer possible to query traefik or prometheus from web-console 79 | curl traefik-prometheus.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:9100/metrics 80 | curl prometheus-server.monitoring.svc.cluster.local/graph 81 | 82 | #### Limit egress from default and production namespace 83 | # Console Window 84 | kubectl apply -f network-policies/7-egress-default-and-production-namespace.yaml 85 | # http://web-console 86 | curl https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-shell-linux-x86_64-debian92-4.4.1.tgz | tar zxv -C /tmp 87 | # ➡️ not possible to download mongodb client 88 | 89 | #### Limit egress from other namespaces 90 | 91 | # Place actual API Server address in YAML before applying it. See comment in 8-egress-other-namespaces.yaml for more details 92 | ACTUAL_API_SERVER_ADDRESS=$(kubectl get endpoints --namespace default kubernetes --template="{{range .subsets}}{{range .addresses}}{{.ip}}{{end}}{{end}}") 93 | cat network-policies/8-egress-other-namespaces.yaml \ 94 | | sed "s|APISERVER|${ACTUAL_API_SERVER_ADDRESS}/32|" \ 95 | | kubectl apply -f - 96 | 97 | kubectl -n monitoring delete pod $(kubectl -n monitoring get pods | awk '/prometheus-server/ {print $1;exit}') 98 | kubectl rollout restart deployment traefik -n kube-system 99 | # http://promtheus ➡ Scraping possible again 100 | ``` 101 | 102 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/apply.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | 4 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 5 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 6 | 7 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../config.sh 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../cluster-utils.sh 9 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../interactive-utils.sh 10 | 11 | function main() { 12 | 13 | confirm "Preparing demo in kubernetes cluster '$(kubectl config current-context)'." 'Continue? y/n [n]' \ 14 | || exit 0 15 | 16 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/namespaces 17 | # Assign label to kube-system namespace so we can match it in network policies 18 | kubectlIdempotent label namespace/kube-system namespace=kube-system --overwrite 19 | 20 | # Note that this requires the applying user to be cluster admin 21 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/traefik/traefik-basic-console-basic-auth-secret.yaml 22 | 23 | helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable 24 | 25 | helm upgrade --install traefik --namespace kube-system --version 1.87.7 \ 26 | --values ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/traefik/values.yaml \ 27 | stable/traefik 28 | 29 | externalIp=$(waitForExternalIp "traefik" "kube-system") 30 | writeEtcHosts "${externalIp}" "$(findIngressHostname "traefik-dashboard" "kube-system")" 31 | 32 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/web-console 33 | writeEtcHosts "${externalIp}" "$(findIngressHostname "web-console" "default")" 34 | 35 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/prometheus/prometheus-basic-auth-secret.yaml 36 | 37 | helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts 38 | helm upgrade --install prometheus --namespace=monitoring --version 11.16.2 \ 39 | --values ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/prometheus/values.yaml \ 40 | prometheus-community/prometheus 41 | 42 | writeEtcHosts "${externalIp}" "$(findIngressHostname "prometheus-server" "monitoring")" 43 | 44 | # Make sure mongodb is applied first, otherwise adminmongo seems not to show predefined DB 45 | helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami 46 | helm upgrade --install mongo --namespace=production --version 9.2.4 \ 47 | --values ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/mongodb/values.yaml \ 48 | bitnami/mongodb 49 | waitForPodReady mongodb production 50 | 51 | kubectl -n production cp ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/users.json mongodb-0:/tmp/users.json 52 | # Data taken from https://swapi.co/api/people/?format=json 53 | kubectl -n production exec mongodb-0 -- mongoimport -d users -c users --jsonArray /tmp/users.json 54 | 55 | find ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/mongodb -name 'nosqlclient*' -exec kubectl apply -f {} \; 56 | writeEtcHosts "${externalIp}" "$(findIngressHostname "nosqlclient" "production")" 57 | } 58 | 59 | main "$@" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/mongodb/nosqlclient-basic-auth-secret.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Secret 3 | type: Opaque 4 | metadata: 5 | name: nosqlclient-basic-auth 6 | namespace: production 7 | data: 8 | htpasswd: YWRtaW46JGFwcjEkMkIwOTlYdUIkV1VlZzFESlNscFRGVkdoTlFmWjMuLgo= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/mongodb/nosqlclient-deployment.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: nosqlclient 6 | name: nosqlclient 7 | namespace: production 8 | spec: 9 | selector: 10 | matchLabels: 11 | run: nosqlclient 12 | strategy: 13 | type: Recreate 14 | template: 15 | metadata: 16 | labels: 17 | run: nosqlclient 18 | spec: 19 | containers: 20 | - image: mongoclient/mongoclient:4.0.1 21 | name: nosqlclient 22 | resources: 23 | requests: 24 | #cpu: 100m 25 | memory: 128Mi 26 | limits: 27 | #cpu: 500m 28 | memory: 512Mi 29 | # Error: failed to connect to server [mongodb:27017] 30 | # Doesn't seem to happen without readiness probe :-/ 31 | #readinessProbe: 32 | # httpGet: 33 | # path: / 34 | # port: 3000 35 | livenessProbe: 36 | httpGet: 37 | path: / 38 | port: 3000 39 | ports: 40 | - containerPort: 3000 41 | env: 42 | - name: MONGO_URL 43 | value: mongodb://mongodb 44 | - name: MONGOCLIENT_DEFAULT_CONNECTION_URL 45 | value: mongodb://mongodb/users 46 | 47 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/mongodb/nosqlclient-ingress.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 2 | kind: Ingress 3 | metadata: 4 | name: nosqlclient 5 | namespace: production 6 | annotations: 7 | kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik 8 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic 9 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: nosqlclient-basic-auth 10 | spec: 11 | rules: 12 | - host: nosqlclient 13 | http: 14 | paths: 15 | - path: / 16 | backend: 17 | serviceName: nosqlclient 18 | servicePort: 80 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/mongodb/nosqlclient-service.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Service 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: nosqlclient 6 | name: nosqlclient 7 | namespace: production 8 | spec: 9 | ports: 10 | - name: http 11 | port: 80 12 | protocol: TCP 13 | targetPort: 3000 14 | selector: 15 | run: nosqlclient -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/mongodb/values.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | fullnameOverride: mongodb 2 | useStatefulSet: true 3 | 4 | auth: 5 | # This is a deliberate security misconfiguration. When using plain mongo docker image, e.g. this is the default :-o 6 | enabled: false 7 | 8 | metrics: 9 | enabled: true 10 | livenessProbe: 11 | enabled: true 12 | readinessProbe: 13 | enabled: true -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/namespaces/monitoring.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Namespace 3 | metadata: 4 | name: monitoring 5 | labels: 6 | namespace: monitoring 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/namespaces/production.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Namespace 3 | metadata: 4 | name: production 5 | namespace: production 6 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/1-ingress-production-deny-all.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-default-deny-all 5 | namespace: production 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: {} 8 | ingress: [] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/2-ingress-production-allow-traefik-nosqlclient.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-allow-traefik-to-access-nosqlclient 5 | namespace: production 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: 8 | matchLabels: 9 | run: nosqlclient 10 | ingress: 11 | - ports: 12 | - port: 3000 13 | from: 14 | - namespaceSelector: 15 | matchLabels: 16 | namespace: kube-system 17 | podSelector: 18 | matchLabels: 19 | app: traefik 20 | # Note: 21 | # * kube-system does not have a label by default, so we cannot match it. 22 | # If we wanted to achieve that, we could assign it a label like so: kubectl label namespace/kube-system namespace=kube-system 23 | # * Combination of namespaceSelector and podSelector is only available from k8s 1.11+: 24 | # https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.11.md#sig-network-1 25 | # Alternative that works on k8s < 1.11 but is less restrictive: Match all namespaces 26 | #- namespaceSelector: {} 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/3-ingress-production-allow-nosqlclient-mongo.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-allow-nosqlclient-to-access-mongo 5 | namespace: production 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: 8 | matchLabels: 9 | app.kubernetes.io/name: mongodb 10 | ingress: 11 | - ports: 12 | # Refer to the ports.containerPort.name field in mongo pod 13 | - port: mongodb 14 | from: 15 | - podSelector: 16 | matchLabels: 17 | run: nosqlclient 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/4-ingress-production-allow-prometheus-mongodb.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-allow-prometheus-to-access-mongodb-monitoring 5 | namespace: production 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: 8 | matchLabels: 9 | app.kubernetes.io/name: mongodb 10 | ingress: 11 | - ports: 12 | # Refer to the ports.containerPort.name field in mongo pod 13 | - port: metrics 14 | from: 15 | - namespaceSelector: 16 | matchLabels: 17 | namespace: monitoring 18 | podSelector: 19 | matchLabels: 20 | app: prometheus 21 | component: server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/5-ingress-kube-system.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-default-deny-all 5 | namespace: kube-system 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: {} 8 | ingress: [] 9 | --- 10 | kind: NetworkPolicy 11 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 12 | metadata: 13 | name: ingress-allow-kube-dns-all-namespaces 14 | namespace: kube-system 15 | spec: 16 | podSelector: 17 | matchLabels: 18 | k8s-app: kube-dns 19 | ingress: 20 | - ports: 21 | - protocol: UDP 22 | port: 53 23 | - protocol: TCP 24 | port: 53 25 | from: 26 | - namespaceSelector: {} 27 | --- 28 | kind: NetworkPolicy 29 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 30 | metadata: 31 | name: ingress-allow-traefik-external 32 | namespace: kube-system 33 | spec: 34 | podSelector: 35 | matchLabels: 36 | app: traefik 37 | ingress: 38 | - ports: 39 | - port: 80 40 | - port: 443 41 | from: [] 42 | --- 43 | kind: NetworkPolicy 44 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 45 | metadata: 46 | name: ingress-allow-prometheus-traefik 47 | namespace: kube-system 48 | spec: 49 | podSelector: 50 | matchLabels: 51 | app: traefik 52 | ingress: 53 | - ports: 54 | - port: 9100 55 | from: 56 | - namespaceSelector: 57 | matchLabels: 58 | namespace: monitoring 59 | podSelector: 60 | matchLabels: 61 | app: prometheus 62 | component: server -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/6-ingress-monitoring.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: ingress-default-deny-all 5 | namespace: monitoring 6 | spec: 7 | podSelector: {} 8 | ingress: [] 9 | --- 10 | kind: NetworkPolicy 11 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 12 | metadata: 13 | name: ingress-allow-traefik-to-access-prometheus-server 14 | namespace: monitoring 15 | spec: 16 | podSelector: 17 | matchLabels: 18 | app: prometheus 19 | component: server 20 | ingress: 21 | - ports: 22 | - port: 9090 23 | from: 24 | - namespaceSelector: 25 | matchLabels: 26 | namespace: kube-system 27 | podSelector: 28 | matchLabels: 29 | app: traefik 30 | --- 31 | # Note: The following rules can also be generated by helm chart but seem to cause Problems when there are no Netpols for prometheus server. 32 | # See 2-network-policies/prometheus/values.yaml 33 | kind: NetworkPolicy 34 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 35 | metadata: 36 | name: ingress-prometheus-alertmanager 37 | namespace: monitoring 38 | spec: 39 | podSelector: 40 | matchLabels: 41 | app: prometheus 42 | component: alertmanager 43 | ingress: 44 | - ports: 45 | - port: 9093 46 | protocol: TCP 47 | - from: 48 | - podSelector: 49 | matchLabels: 50 | app: prometheus 51 | component: server 52 | --- 53 | kind: NetworkPolicy 54 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 55 | metadata: 56 | name: ingress-prometheus-kube-state-metrics 57 | namespace: monitoring 58 | spec: 59 | podSelector: 60 | matchLabels: 61 | app: prometheus 62 | component: kube-state-metrics 63 | ingress: 64 | - ports: 65 | - port: 8080 66 | protocol: TCP 67 | - from: 68 | - podSelector: 69 | matchLabels: 70 | app: prometheus 71 | component: server 72 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/7-egress-default-and-production-namespace.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: egress-allow-internal-only 5 | namespace: default 6 | spec: 7 | policyTypes: 8 | - Egress 9 | podSelector: {} 10 | egress: 11 | - to: 12 | - namespaceSelector: {} 13 | # Almost same effect, but requires knowledge about IP range of internal networks (nodes, services, pods) 14 | # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address#Private_addresses 15 | #- ipBlock: 16 | # cidr: 10.0.0.0/8 17 | --- 18 | kind: NetworkPolicy 19 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 20 | metadata: 21 | name: egress-allow-internal-only 22 | namespace: production 23 | spec: 24 | policyTypes: 25 | - Egress 26 | podSelector: {} 27 | egress: 28 | - to: 29 | - namespaceSelector: {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/8-egress-other-namespaces.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: egress-allow-cluster-internal-only 5 | namespace: monitoring 6 | spec: 7 | policyTypes: 8 | - Egress 9 | podSelector: {} 10 | egress: 11 | - to: 12 | - namespaceSelector: {} 13 | --- 14 | # Allowing IPs 10.0.0.0/8 might not include API server, even when the "kubernetes" service is within this range. 15 | # It depends on the actual IP address that is resolved behind the service. 16 | # On GKE this is an external IP. 17 | # So find out the IP as follows and replace "APISERVER" by it: 18 | # kubectl get endpoints --namespace default kubernetes 19 | # See https://stackoverflow.com/a/56494510/1845976 20 | # Using "0.0.0.0/0" would be a workaround. It allows all egress. Works everywhere but does not adhere least privilege principle. 21 | kind: NetworkPolicy 22 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 23 | metadata: 24 | name: egress-allow-prometheus-server-access-api-server 25 | namespace: monitoring 26 | spec: 27 | policyTypes: 28 | - Egress 29 | podSelector: 30 | matchLabels: 31 | app: prometheus 32 | component: server 33 | egress: 34 | - to: 35 | - ipBlock: 36 | cidr: APISERVER 37 | --- 38 | # Note: The following rules can also be generated by helm chart but seem to cause Problems when there are no Netpols for prometheus server. 39 | kind: NetworkPolicy 40 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 41 | metadata: 42 | name: ingress-allow-prometheus-to-access-kube-state-metrics 43 | namespace: monitoring 44 | spec: 45 | podSelector: 46 | matchLabels: 47 | app.kubernetes.io/name: kube-state-metrics 48 | ingress: 49 | - ports: 50 | # No name in ksm pod 51 | - port: 8080 52 | from: 53 | - namespaceSelector: 54 | matchLabels: 55 | namespace: monitoring 56 | podSelector: 57 | matchLabels: 58 | app: prometheus 59 | component: server 60 | --- 61 | kind: NetworkPolicy 62 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 63 | metadata: 64 | name: ingress-allow-prometheus-to-access-node-exporter 65 | namespace: monitoring 66 | spec: 67 | podSelector: 68 | matchLabels: 69 | app: prometheus 70 | component: node-exporter 71 | ingress: 72 | - ports: 73 | - port: metrics 74 | from: 75 | - namespaceSelector: 76 | matchLabels: 77 | namespace: monitoring 78 | podSelector: 79 | matchLabels: 80 | app: prometheus 81 | component: server 82 | --- 83 | kind: NetworkPolicy 84 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 85 | metadata: 86 | name: egress-allow-cluster-internal-only 87 | namespace: kube-system 88 | spec: 89 | policyTypes: 90 | - Egress 91 | podSelector: {} 92 | egress: 93 | - to: 94 | - namespaceSelector: {} 95 | --- 96 | kind: NetworkPolicy 97 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 98 | metadata: 99 | name: egress-allow-traefik-access-api-server 100 | namespace: kube-system 101 | spec: 102 | policyTypes: 103 | - Egress 104 | podSelector: 105 | matchLabels: 106 | app: traefik 107 | egress: 108 | - to: 109 | - ipBlock: 110 | cidr: APISERVER 111 | --- 112 | # If you want DNS resolution outside of the cluster 113 | kind: NetworkPolicy 114 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 115 | metadata: 116 | name: egress-allow-kube-dns-access-outside 117 | namespace: kube-system 118 | spec: 119 | policyTypes: 120 | - Egress 121 | podSelector: 122 | matchLabels: 123 | k8s-app: kube-dns 124 | egress: 125 | - ports: 126 | # TODO This port restriction does not seem to be effective, as kube DNS can still talk to API Server on port 443. 127 | # If this should ever work, Kube DNS must be allowed to talk to api server, just like traefik and prometheus. 128 | - protocol: UDP 129 | port: 53 130 | - protocol: TCP 131 | port: 53 132 | - to: 133 | - ipBlock: 134 | cidr: 0.0.0.0/0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/network-policies/9-egress-specific-ips-example.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: egress-allow-nginx-apt 5 | namespace: production 6 | spec: 7 | policyTypes: 8 | - Egress 9 | podSelector: 10 | matchLabels: 11 | run: nginx 12 | egress: 13 | - to: 14 | - ipBlock: 15 | cidr: 128.61.240.73/32 16 | - ipBlock: 17 | cidr: 128.31.0.0/24 18 | - ipBlock: 19 | cidr: 130.89.148.14/32 20 | - ipBlock: 21 | cidr: 149.20.4.0/24 22 | - ipBlock: 23 | cidr: 128.101.240.215/32 24 | - ipBlock: 25 | cidr: 151.101.184.204/32 26 | - ipBlock: 27 | cidr: 5.153.231.4/32 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/prometheus/prometheus-basic-auth-secret.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Secret 3 | type: Opaque 4 | metadata: 5 | name: prometheus-basic-auth 6 | namespace: monitoring 7 | data: 8 | htpasswd: YWRtaW46JGFwcjEkMkIwOTlYdUIkV1VlZzFESlNscFRGVkdoTlFmWjMuLgo= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/prometheus/values.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | alertmanager: 2 | enabled: false 3 | alertmanagerFiles: 4 | alertmanager.yml: "" 5 | pushgateway: 6 | enabled: false 7 | # This seems to lead to failures when connecting to kube api server: "failed to list *v1.Pod: Get https://" 8 | #networkPolicy: 9 | #enabled: true 10 | 11 | server: 12 | ingress: 13 | enabled: true 14 | hosts: 15 | - prometheus 16 | annotations: 17 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic 18 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: prometheus-basic-auth 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/traefik/traefik-basic-console-basic-auth-secret.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Secret 3 | type: Opaque 4 | metadata: 5 | name: traefik-basic-auth 6 | namespace: kube-system 7 | data: 8 | htpasswd: YWRtaW46JGFwcjEkMkIwOTlYdUIkV1VlZzFESlNscFRGVkdoTlFmWjMuLgo= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/traefik/values.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | dashboard: 2 | enabled: true 3 | domain: traefik 4 | ingress: 5 | annotations: 6 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic 7 | ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: traefik-basic-auth 8 | 9 | rbac: 10 | enabled: true 11 | metrics: 12 | prometheus: 13 | enabled: true 14 | 15 | deployment: 16 | podAnnotations: 17 | prometheus.io/scrape: "true" 18 | prometheus.io/port: "9100" 19 | 20 | 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/users.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | [ 2 | { 3 | "name": "Luke Skywalker", 4 | "height": "172", 5 | "mass": "77", 6 | "hair_color": "blond", 7 | "skin_color": "fair", 8 | "eye_color": "blue", 9 | "birth_year": "19BBY", 10 | "gender": "male", 11 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 12 | "films": [ 13 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 14 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 15 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 16 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/", 17 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/7/" 18 | ], 19 | "species": [ 20 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 21 | ], 22 | "vehicles": [ 23 | "https://swapi.co/api/vehicles/14/", 24 | "https://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/" 25 | ], 26 | "starships": [ 27 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/12/", 28 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/22/" 29 | ], 30 | "created": "2014-12-09T13:50:51.644000Z", 31 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:56.891000Z", 32 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/1/" 33 | }, 34 | { 35 | "name": "C-3PO", 36 | "height": "167", 37 | "mass": "75", 38 | "hair_color": "n/a", 39 | "skin_color": "gold", 40 | "eye_color": "yellow", 41 | "birth_year": "112BBY", 42 | "gender": "n/a", 43 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 44 | "films": [ 45 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 46 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/5/", 47 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/4/", 48 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 49 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 50 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 51 | ], 52 | "species": [ 53 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/2/" 54 | ], 55 | "vehicles": [], 56 | "starships": [], 57 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:10:51.357000Z", 58 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.309000Z", 59 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/2/" 60 | }, 61 | { 62 | "name": "R2-D2", 63 | "height": "96", 64 | "mass": "32", 65 | "hair_color": "n/a", 66 | "skin_color": "white, blue", 67 | "eye_color": "red", 68 | "birth_year": "33BBY", 69 | "gender": "n/a", 70 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/8/", 71 | "films": [ 72 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 73 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/5/", 74 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/4/", 75 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 76 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 77 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/", 78 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/7/" 79 | ], 80 | "species": [ 81 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/2/" 82 | ], 83 | "vehicles": [], 84 | "starships": [], 85 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:11:50.376000Z", 86 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.311000Z", 87 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/3/" 88 | }, 89 | { 90 | "name": "Darth Vader", 91 | "height": "202", 92 | "mass": "136", 93 | "hair_color": "none", 94 | "skin_color": "white", 95 | "eye_color": "yellow", 96 | "birth_year": "41.9BBY", 97 | "gender": "male", 98 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 99 | "films": [ 100 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 101 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 102 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 103 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 104 | ], 105 | "species": [ 106 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 107 | ], 108 | "vehicles": [], 109 | "starships": [ 110 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/13/" 111 | ], 112 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:18:20.704000Z", 113 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.313000Z", 114 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/4/" 115 | }, 116 | { 117 | "name": "Leia Organa", 118 | "height": "150", 119 | "mass": "49", 120 | "hair_color": "brown", 121 | "skin_color": "light", 122 | "eye_color": "brown", 123 | "birth_year": "19BBY", 124 | "gender": "female", 125 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/2/", 126 | "films": [ 127 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 128 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 129 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 130 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/", 131 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/7/" 132 | ], 133 | "species": [ 134 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 135 | ], 136 | "vehicles": [ 137 | "https://swapi.co/api/vehicles/30/" 138 | ], 139 | "starships": [], 140 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:20:09.791000Z", 141 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.315000Z", 142 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/5/" 143 | }, 144 | { 145 | "name": "Owen Lars", 146 | "height": "178", 147 | "mass": "120", 148 | "hair_color": "brown, grey", 149 | "skin_color": "light", 150 | "eye_color": "blue", 151 | "birth_year": "52BBY", 152 | "gender": "male", 153 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 154 | "films": [ 155 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/5/", 156 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 157 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 158 | ], 159 | "species": [ 160 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 161 | ], 162 | "vehicles": [], 163 | "starships": [], 164 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:52:14.024000Z", 165 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.317000Z", 166 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/6/" 167 | }, 168 | { 169 | "name": "Beru Whitesun lars", 170 | "height": "165", 171 | "mass": "75", 172 | "hair_color": "brown", 173 | "skin_color": "light", 174 | "eye_color": "blue", 175 | "birth_year": "47BBY", 176 | "gender": "female", 177 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 178 | "films": [ 179 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/5/", 180 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 181 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 182 | ], 183 | "species": [ 184 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 185 | ], 186 | "vehicles": [], 187 | "starships": [], 188 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:53:41.121000Z", 189 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.319000Z", 190 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/7/" 191 | }, 192 | { 193 | "name": "R5-D4", 194 | "height": "97", 195 | "mass": "32", 196 | "hair_color": "n/a", 197 | "skin_color": "white, red", 198 | "eye_color": "red", 199 | "birth_year": "unknown", 200 | "gender": "n/a", 201 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/1/", 202 | "films": [ 203 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 204 | ], 205 | "species": [ 206 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/2/" 207 | ], 208 | "vehicles": [], 209 | "starships": [], 210 | "created": "2014-12-10T15:57:50.959000Z", 211 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.321000Z", 212 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/8/" 213 | }, 214 | { 215 | "name": "Obi-Wan Kenobi", 216 | "height": "182", 217 | "mass": "77", 218 | "hair_color": "auburn, white", 219 | "skin_color": "fair", 220 | "eye_color": "blue-gray", 221 | "birth_year": "57BBY", 222 | "gender": "male", 223 | "homeworld": "https://swapi.co/api/planets/20/", 224 | "films": [ 225 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/2/", 226 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/5/", 227 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/4/", 228 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/6/", 229 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/3/", 230 | "https://swapi.co/api/films/1/" 231 | ], 232 | "species": [ 233 | "https://swapi.co/api/species/1/" 234 | ], 235 | "vehicles": [ 236 | "https://swapi.co/api/vehicles/38/" 237 | ], 238 | "starships": [ 239 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/48/", 240 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/59/", 241 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/64/", 242 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/65/", 243 | "https://swapi.co/api/starships/74/" 244 | ], 245 | "created": "2014-12-10T16:16:29.192000Z", 246 | "edited": "2014-12-20T21:17:50.325000Z", 247 | "url": "https://swapi.co/api/people/10/" 248 | } 249 | ] 250 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/web-console/deployment.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | name: web-console 5 | namespace: default 6 | labels: 7 | app: web-console 8 | spec: 9 | replicas: 1 10 | strategy: 11 | type: Recreate 12 | selector: 13 | matchLabels: 14 | app: web-console 15 | template: 16 | metadata: 17 | labels: 18 | app: web-console 19 | spec: 20 | serviceAccountName: web-console 21 | containers: 22 | - name: web-console 23 | image: schnatterer/web-console:v0.9.7-1 24 | ports: 25 | - containerPort: 80 26 | resources: 27 | limits: 28 | cpu: 250m 29 | memory: 512Mi 30 | requests: 31 | cpu: 100m 32 | memory: 64Mi 33 | readinessProbe: 34 | httpGet: 35 | path: / 36 | port: 80 37 | livenessProbe: 38 | httpGet: 39 | path: / 40 | port: 80 41 | initialDelaySeconds: 15 42 | env: 43 | - name: USER 44 | valueFrom: 45 | secretKeyRef: 46 | name: web-console 47 | key: USERNAME 48 | - name: PASSWORD 49 | valueFrom: 50 | secretKeyRef: 51 | name: web-console 52 | key: PASSWORD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/web-console/ingress.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 2 | kind: Ingress 3 | metadata: 4 | name: web-console 5 | namespace: default 6 | annotations: 7 | kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik 8 | spec: 9 | rules: 10 | - host: web-console 11 | http: 12 | paths: 13 | - path: / 14 | backend: 15 | serviceName: web-console 16 | servicePort: 80 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/web-console/secrets.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Secret 3 | metadata: 4 | name: web-console 5 | namespace: default 6 | data: 7 | PASSWORD: MTIzNDU= 8 | USERNAME: YWRtaW4= 9 | type: Opaque 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/web-console/service-account.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: ServiceAccount 3 | metadata: 4 | name: web-console 5 | namespace: default -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /2-network-policies/web-console/service.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: Service 3 | metadata: 4 | name: web-console 5 | namespace: default 6 | labels: 7 | app: web-console 8 | spec: 9 | ports: 10 | - port: 80 11 | targetPort: 80 12 | selector: 13 | app: web-console 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/Readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Security Context Demo 2 | 3 | ![Clusters, Namespaces and Pods](https://www.plantuml.com/plantuml/svg/dP2nQiD038RtUmhX3fbCQGF1OsWWIw4lK3g8aseEsvBHtRM1adUlR3maQpJfVdtt2NJC1QtKQGnvI3AZuGH92jitHeQ_0F26SUXDgz19HpLuUjtZdcYPg17RbhuS3br7uHfkH6Yclwla_kiT57MQLLZA0zi0pYfboyvhBV8WIWpDUvVXDDPSs1gNEpsx7NiVVU34sLyCkyonZUMoQy0PyFgKFidbwwPF4f_NfgqoM_f98_TC6q4Q1xOsLz8byVNNS6GXl-a_) 4 | 5 | `apply.sh` deploys the applications required for the demos. 6 | 7 | Then, you can can start the interactive demo: 8 | 9 | ```bash 10 | cd demo 11 | ./interactive-demo.sh 12 | ``` 13 | 14 | Note if you got [bat](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat) on your `PATH`, the output will prettier. 15 | 16 | Alternatively, you could print a transcript of the demo for doing the demo manually 17 | 18 | ```bash 19 | cd demo 20 | PRINT_ONLY=true ./interactive-demo.sh 21 | ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/apply.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | 4 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 5 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 6 | 7 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../config.sh 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../cluster-utils.sh 9 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../interactive-utils.sh 10 | 11 | function main() { 12 | 13 | confirm "Preparing demo in kubernetes cluster '$(kubectl config current-context)'." 'Continue? y/n [n]' \ 14 | || exit 0 15 | 16 | # Make sure we're in a namespace that does not have any netpols 17 | kubectlIdempotent create namespace sec-ctx 18 | kubectl config set-context $(kubectl config current-context) --namespace=sec-ctx 19 | 20 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/02-deployment-run-as-non-root-unprivileged.yaml 21 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/03-deployment-run-as-user-unprivileged.yaml 22 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/05-deployment-allow-no-privilege-escalation.yaml 23 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/06-deployment-seccomp.yaml 24 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/07-deployment-run-without-caps.yaml 25 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/08-deployment-run-with-certain-caps.yaml 26 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/09-deployment-run-without-caps-unprivileged.yaml 27 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/10-deployment-read-only-fs.yaml 28 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/11-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs.yaml 29 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/12-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs-empty-dirs.yaml 30 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/13-deployment-all-at-once.yaml 31 | } 32 | 33 | main "$@" 34 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/01-deployment-run-as-non-root.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-as-non-root 6 | name: run-as-non-root 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-as-non-root 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-as-non-root 15 | spec: 16 | containers: 17 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 18 | name: run-as-non-root 19 | securityContext: 20 | runAsNonRoot: true -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/02-deployment-run-as-non-root-unprivileged.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-as-non-root-unprivileged 6 | name: run-as-non-root-unprivileged 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-as-non-root-unprivileged 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: run-as-non-root-unprivileged 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:1.19.3 20 | name: run-as-non-root-unprivileged 21 | securityContext: 22 | runAsNonRoot: true -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/03-deployment-run-as-user-unprivileged.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-as-user-unprivileged 6 | name: run-as-user-unprivileged 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-as-user-unprivileged 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: run-as-user-unprivileged 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:1.19.3 20 | name: run-as-user-unprivileged 21 | securityContext: 22 | runAsUser: 100000 23 | runAsGroup: 100000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/04-deployment-run-as-user.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-as-user 6 | name: run-as-user 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-as-user 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-as-user 15 | spec: 16 | containers: 17 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 18 | name: run-as-user 19 | securityContext: 20 | runAsUser: 100000 21 | runAsGroup: 100000 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/05-deployment-allow-no-privilege-escalation.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: allow-no-privilege-escalation 6 | name: allow-no-privilege-escalation 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: allow-no-privilege-escalation 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: allow-no-privilege-escalation 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: schnatterer/docker-sudo:0.1 20 | name: allow-no-privilege-escalation 21 | securityContext: 22 | allowPrivilegeEscalation: false 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/06-deployment-seccomp.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-with-seccomp 6 | name: run-with-seccomp 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-with-seccomp 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-with-seccomp 15 | annotations: 16 | seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: runtime/default 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 20 | name: run-with-seccomp -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/07-deployment-run-without-caps.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-without-caps 6 | name: run-without-caps 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-without-caps 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-without-caps 15 | spec: 16 | containers: 17 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 18 | name: run-without-caps 19 | securityContext: 20 | capabilities: 21 | drop: 22 | - ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/08-deployment-run-with-certain-caps.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-with-certain-caps 6 | name: run-with-certain-caps 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-with-certain-caps 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-with-certain-caps 15 | spec: 16 | containers: 17 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 18 | name: run-with-certain-caps 19 | securityContext: 20 | capabilities: 21 | drop: 22 | - ALL 23 | add: 24 | - CHOWN 25 | - NET_BIND_SERVICE 26 | - SETGID 27 | - SETUID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/09-deployment-run-without-caps-unprivileged.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: run-without-caps-unprivileged 6 | name: run-without-caps-unprivileged 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: run-without-caps-unprivileged 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: run-without-caps-unprivileged 15 | spec: 16 | containers: 17 | - image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:1.19.3 18 | name: run-without-caps-unprivileged 19 | securityContext: 20 | capabilities: 21 | drop: 22 | - ALL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/10-deployment-read-only-fs.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: read-only-fs 6 | name: read-only-fs 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: read-only-fs 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: read-only-fs 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: schnatterer/docker-sudo:0.1 20 | name: read-only-fs 21 | securityContext: 22 | readOnlyRootFilesystem: true 23 | 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/10a-netpol-egress-docker-sudo-allow-internal-only.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | kind: NetworkPolicy 2 | apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 3 | metadata: 4 | name: egress-nginx-allow-internal-only 5 | spec: 6 | policyTypes: 7 | - Egress 8 | podSelector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | app: docker-sudo 11 | egress: 12 | - to: 13 | - namespaceSelector: {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/11-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: failing-nginx-read-only-fs 6 | name: failing-nginx-read-only-fs 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: failing-nginx-read-only-fs 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: failing-nginx-read-only-fs 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 20 | name: failing-nginx-read-only-fs 21 | securityContext: 22 | readOnlyRootFilesystem: true 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/12-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs-empty-dirs.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs 6 | name: empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs 17 | spec: 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginx:1.19.3 20 | name: empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs 21 | securityContext: 22 | readOnlyRootFilesystem: true 23 | volumeMounts: 24 | - name: cache 25 | mountPath: /var/cache/nginx 26 | - name: run 27 | mountPath: /run 28 | volumes: 29 | - name: cache 30 | emptyDir: {} 31 | - name: run 32 | emptyDir: {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/13-deployment-all-at-once.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: all-at-once 6 | name: all-at-once 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: all-at-once 11 | strategy: 12 | type: Recreate 13 | template: 14 | metadata: 15 | labels: 16 | run: all-at-once 17 | annotations: 18 | seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: runtime/default 19 | spec: 20 | automountServiceAccountToken: false 21 | enableServiceLinks: false 22 | containers: 23 | # Another suitable example springcommunity/spring-framework-petclinic:5.1.5 24 | - image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:1.19.3 25 | name: all-at-once 26 | securityContext: 27 | readOnlyRootFilesystem: true 28 | allowPrivilegeEscalation: false 29 | runAsNonRoot: true 30 | runAsUser: 100000 31 | runAsGroup: 100000 32 | capabilities: 33 | drop: 34 | - ALL 35 | volumeMounts: 36 | - name: tmp 37 | mountPath: /tmp 38 | volumes: 39 | - name: tmp 40 | emptyDir: {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /3-security-context/demo/interactive-demo.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 4 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 5 | 6 | PRINT_ONLY=${PRINT_ONLY:-false} 7 | 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../../interactive-utils.sh 9 | 10 | function main() { 11 | 12 | confirm "Preparing demo in kubernetes cluster '$(kubectl config current-context)'." 'Continue? y/n [n]' \ 13 | || exit 0 14 | 15 | setup 16 | reset 17 | run "clear" 18 | 19 | runAsRoot 20 | 21 | runAsUser 22 | 23 | allowPrivilegeEscalation 24 | 25 | enableServiceLinks 26 | 27 | activateSeccompProfile 28 | 29 | dropCapabilities 30 | 31 | readOnlyRootFilesystem 32 | 33 | allAtOnce 34 | 35 | echo 36 | message "This concludes the demo, thanks for securing your clusters!" 37 | } 38 | 39 | function setup() { 40 | 41 | run "echo Setting up environment for interactive demo 'security context'" 42 | 43 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../../config.sh 44 | 45 | run "echo -n ." 46 | 47 | run "kubectl config set-context \$(kubectl config current-context) --namespace=sec-ctx > /dev/null" 48 | run "echo -n ." 49 | } 50 | 51 | function runAsRoot() { 52 | heading "1. Run as root" 53 | 54 | subHeading "1.1 Pod runs as root" 55 | printAndRun "kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx:1.19.3" 56 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/nginx/ {print \$1;exit}') -- id" 57 | 58 | subHeading "1.2 Same with \"runAsNonRoot: true\"" 59 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/01-deployment-run-as-non-root.yaml 60 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 01-deployment-run-as-non-root.yaml") 61 | run "sleep 3" 62 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-as-non-root/ {print \$1;exit}')" 63 | pressKeyToContinue 64 | echo 65 | printAndRun "kubectl describe pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-as-non-root/ {print \$1;exit}') | grep Error" 66 | 67 | subHeading "1.3 Image that runs as nginx as non-root ➡️ runs as uid != 0" 68 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/02-deployment-run-as-non-root-unprivileged.yaml 69 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-as-non-root-unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}')" 70 | pressKeyToContinue 71 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-as-non-root-unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}') -- id" 72 | 73 | pressKeyToContinue 74 | } 75 | 76 | function runAsUser() { 77 | heading "2. Run as user/group" 78 | 79 | subHeading "2.1 Runnginx as uid/gid 100000" 80 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/03-deployment-run-as-user-unprivileged.yaml 81 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-as-user-unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}')" 82 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-as-user-unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}') -- id" 83 | 84 | subHeading "2.2 Image must be designed to work with \"runAsUser\" and \"runAsGroup\"" 85 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/04-deployment-run-as-user.yaml 86 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 04-deployment-run-as-user.yaml") 87 | run "sleep 3" 88 | 89 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-as-user/ {print \$1;exit}')" 90 | echo 91 | printAndRun "kubectl logs \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-as-user/ {print \$1;exit}')" 92 | 93 | pressKeyToContinue 94 | } 95 | 96 | function allowPrivilegeEscalation() { 97 | 98 | heading "3. allowPrivilegeEscalation" 99 | 100 | subHeading "3.1 Escalate privileges" 101 | printAndRun "kubectl create deployment docker-sudo --image schnatterer/docker-sudo:0.1" 102 | run "kubectl rollout status deployment docker-sudo > /dev/null" 103 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/docker-sudo/ {print \$1;exit}') -- id" 104 | pressKeyToContinue 105 | 106 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/docker-sudo/ {print \$1;exit}') -- sudo id" 107 | 108 | subHeading "3.2 Same with \"allowPrivilegeEscalation: true\" ➡️ escalation fails" 109 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/05-deployment-allow-no-privilege-escalation.yaml 110 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/allow-no-privilege-escalation/ {print \$1;exit}') -- sudo id" 111 | 112 | pressKeyToContinue 113 | } 114 | 115 | function enableServiceLinks() { 116 | 117 | heading "4. enableServiceLinks" 118 | 119 | subHeading "4.1 Show service links" 120 | printAndRun "kubectl create service clusterip my-service --tcp=80:8080 || true" 121 | printAndRun "kubectl run tmp-env --image busybox:1.31.1-musl --command sleep 100000" 122 | pressKeyToContinue 123 | printAndRun "kubectl exec tmp-env -- env | sort" 124 | 125 | subHeading "4.2 Disable service links" 126 | printAndRun "kubectl run tmp-env2 --image busybox:1.31.1-musl --overrides='{\"spec\": {\"enableServiceLinks\": false}}' --command sleep 100000" 127 | pressKeyToContinue 128 | printAndRun "kubectl exec tmp-env2 -- env" 129 | pressKeyToContinue 130 | } 131 | 132 | function activateSeccompProfile() { 133 | 134 | heading "5. Enable Seccomp default profile" 135 | 136 | subHeading "5.1 No seccomp profile by default 😲" 137 | kubectlSilent create deployment nginx --image nginx:1.19.3 138 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/nginx/ {print \$1;exit}') -- grep Seccomp /proc/1/status" 139 | 140 | subHeading "5.2 Same with default seccomp profile" 141 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/06-deployment-seccomp.yaml 142 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-with-seccomp/ {print \$1;exit}')" 143 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-with-seccomp/ {print \$1;exit}') -- grep Seccomp /proc/1/status" 144 | 145 | pressKeyToContinue 146 | } 147 | 148 | function dropCapabilities() { 149 | 150 | heading "6. Drop Capabilities" 151 | 152 | subHeading "6.1 some images require capabilities" 153 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/07-deployment-run-without-caps.yaml 154 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-without-caps/ {print \$1;exit}')" 155 | echo 156 | printAndRun "kubectl logs \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^run-without-caps/ {print \$1;exit}') " 157 | 158 | message "How to find out which capabilities we need to add? Reproduce locally." 159 | printAndRun "docker run --rm --cap-drop ALL nginx:1.19.3" 160 | pressKeyToContinue 161 | message "Add first capability: CAP_CHOWN.\nNote: Stop running container with Ctrl + C to continue." 162 | printAndRun "docker run --rm --cap-drop ALL --cap-add CAP_CHOWN nginx:1.19.3" 163 | #printAndRun "docker run --rm --cap-drop ALL --cap-add CAP_CHOWN --cap-add CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE nginx:1.19.3" 164 | #printAndRun "docker run --rm --cap-drop ALL --cap-add CAP_CHOWN --cap-add CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE --cap-add SETGID nginx:1.19.3" 165 | #printAndRun "docker run --rm --cap-drop ALL --cap-add CAP_CHOWN --cap-add CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE --cap-add SETGID --cap-add SETUID nginx:1.19.3" 166 | 167 | message "Continue adding capabilities until the container runs.\nFinally add the necessary caps to kubernetes" 168 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/08-deployment-run-with-certain-caps.yaml 169 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-with-certain-caps/ {print \$1;exit}')" 170 | 171 | subHeading "6.2 Image that runs without caps" 172 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/09-deployment-run-without-caps-unprivileged.yaml 173 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/run-without-caps-unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}')" 174 | 175 | pressKeyToContinue 176 | } 177 | 178 | function readOnlyRootFilesystem() { 179 | 180 | heading "7. readOnlyRootFilesystem" 181 | kubectlSilent create deployment docker-sudo --image schnatterer/docker-sudo:0.1 182 | 183 | subHeading "7.1 Write to container's file system" 184 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/docker-sudo/ {print \$1;exit}') -- sudo apt update" 185 | 186 | 187 | subHeading "7.2 Same with \"readOnlyRootFilesystem: true\" ➡️ fails to write to temp dirs" 188 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/10-deployment-read-only-fs.yaml 189 | printAndRun "kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^read-only-fs/ {print \$1;exit}') -- sudo apt update" 190 | 191 | 192 | subHeading "( 7.2a By the way - this could also be done with a networkPolicy )" 193 | confirm "Want to see? y/n [n]" \ 194 | && ( 195 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/10a-netpol-egress-docker-sudo-allow-internal-only.yaml 196 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 10a-netpol-egress-docker-sudo-allow-internal-only.yaml") 197 | printAndRun "timeout 10s kubectl exec \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/docker-sudo/ {print \$1;exit}') -- sudo apt update" 198 | ) 199 | 200 | subHeading "7.3 readOnlyRootFilesystem causes issues with other images" 201 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/11-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs.yaml 202 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/failing-nginx-read-only-fs/ {print \$1;exit}')" 203 | message "Not running. Let's check the logs" 204 | printAndRun "kubectl logs \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/failing-nginx-read-only-fs/ {print \$1;exit}')" 205 | 206 | message "How to find out which folders we need to mount?" 207 | printAndRun "nginxContainer=\$(docker run -d --rm nginx:1.19.3)" 208 | run "sleep 1" 209 | printAndRun "docker diff \${nginxContainer}" 210 | run "docker rm -f \${nginxContainer} > /dev/null" 211 | 212 | message "Mount those dirs as as emptyDir!" 213 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/12-deployment-nginx-read-only-fs-empty-dirs.yaml 214 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/empty-dirs-nginx-read-only-fs/ {print \$1;exit}')" 215 | 216 | pressKeyToContinue 217 | } 218 | 219 | function allAtOnce() { 220 | heading "8. An example that implements all good practices at once" 221 | pressKeyToContinue 222 | 223 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/13-deployment-all-at-once.yaml 224 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/all-at-once/ {print \$1;exit}')" 225 | pressKeyToContinue 226 | printAndRun "kubectl port-forward \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/all-at-once/ {print \$1;exit}') 8080 > /dev/null& " 227 | run "wget -O- --retry-connrefused --tries=30 -q --wait=1 localhost:8080 > /dev/null" 228 | pressKeyToContinue 229 | printAndRun "curl localhost:8080" 230 | run "jobs > /dev/null && kill %1" 231 | 232 | pressKeyToContinue 233 | } 234 | 235 | function reset() { 236 | # Reset the changes done by this demo 237 | kubectlSilent delete deploy nginx 238 | run "echo -n ." 239 | kubectlSilent delete -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/01-deployment-run-as-non-root.yaml 240 | run "echo -n ." 241 | kubectlSilent delete -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/04-deployment-run-as-user.yaml 242 | run "echo -n ." 243 | kubectlSilent delete deploy docker-sudo 244 | run "echo -n ." 245 | kubectlSilent delete netpol egress-nginx-allow-internal-only 246 | run "echo -n ." 247 | kubectlSilent delete po tmp-env --grace-period=0 --force 248 | run "echo -n ." 249 | kubectlSilent delete po tmp-env2 --grace-period=0 --force 250 | run "echo -n ." 251 | kubectlSilent delete svc my-service 252 | } 253 | 254 | main "$@" 255 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/Readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Pod Security Policy Demo 2 | 3 | ![Clusters, Namespaces and Pods](http://www.plantuml.com/plantuml/svg/dP11IyCm5CVl_HJFAkpK1JSSHMGC1xi8Ve6vGvOysz3q9RmaJf1zTzDIT3juCOSsxxtV_vUccn0bnzJRuiQGiabZOWjjZ3uy2i7oD6zCRDCn1MJbA2B5kNAzw8rg3LhXhQGXNdNfY4mOCLJ1iyblqSiGaGLZS8aLYgx-cLM9h3oYHLqj7hoASpDyGX4wGrwoxC5GZhvBXV1L03nBrJNi4kcjiuxXTh6KIws7YMEDF7NlLwkwriNvKYIPtMcKN4Ule7mZxmWf_kCqW9sZEFLsunha1JcDKBxK0ROs3J-YpF9C-soNJHwzoXv3hX1cFlXP2J80XGn1Ndjg37qQKcBSL8aycmzZiK5zk226VJuDBgvGFjrbt_gDybFyfaR_KFuDCuR8HiK97ii2Ca-XshT6QwH3jPuaryq9FXSR99rw-mq0) 4 | 5 | `apply.sh` deploys the applications required for the demos. 6 | 7 | Then, you can can start the interactive demo: 8 | 9 | ```bash 10 | cd demo 11 | ./interactive-demo.sh 12 | ``` 13 | 14 | Note if you got [bat](https://github.com/sharkdp/bat) on your `PATH`, the output will prettier. 15 | 16 | Alternatively, you could print a transcript of the demo for doing the demo manually 17 | 18 | ```bash 19 | cd demo 20 | PRINT_ONLY=true ./interactive-demo.sh 21 | ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/apply.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | 4 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 5 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 6 | 7 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../config.sh 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../cluster-utils.sh 9 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../interactive-utils.sh 10 | 11 | function main() { 12 | 13 | confirm "Preparing demo in kubernetes cluster '$(kubectl config current-context)'." 'Continue? y/n [n]' \ 14 | || exit 0 15 | 16 | # Start with a privileged PSP. Makes sure deployments are allowed to create pods 17 | # Note that this requires the applying user to be cluster admin 18 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/demo/psp-privileged.yaml 19 | 20 | # Start in an empty namespace for a smoother intro to the demo 21 | kubectlIdempotent create namespace psp 22 | 23 | kubectl config set-context $(kubectl config current-context) --namespace=psp 24 | } 25 | 26 | main "$@" 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/01-psp-restrictive.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # See also https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#example-policies 2 | apiVersion: policy/v1beta1 3 | kind: PodSecurityPolicy 4 | metadata: 5 | name: restricted 6 | annotations: 7 | seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default 8 | # Not setting this will result in blocking pods that have this profile set explicitly 9 | seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default 10 | 11 | apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default 12 | apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default 13 | spec: 14 | allowedHostPaths: [] 15 | hostIPC: false 16 | hostNetwork: false 17 | hostPID: false 18 | hostPorts: [] 19 | 20 | requiredDropCapabilities: 21 | - ALL 22 | allowedCapabilities: [] 23 | 24 | privileged: false 25 | defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false 26 | allowPrivilegeEscalation: false 27 | # Allow core volume types. But more specifically, don't allow mounting host volumes to include the Docker socket - '/var/run/docker.sock' 28 | # https://kurtmadel.com/posts/native-kubernetes-continuous-delivery/building-container-images-with-kubernetes/ 29 | # Without the "volumes" block configmaps, secrets, etc. are not allowed to be used 30 | volumes: 31 | - configMap 32 | - emptyDir 33 | - projected 34 | - secret 35 | - downwardAPI 36 | - persistentVolumeClaim 37 | runAsUser: 38 | rule: MustRunAs 39 | ranges: 40 | - min: 100000 41 | max: 999999 42 | runAsGroup: 43 | rule: MustRunAs 44 | ranges: 45 | - min: 100000 46 | max: 999999 47 | supplementalGroups: 48 | rule: MustRunAs 49 | ranges: 50 | - min: 100000 51 | max: 999999 52 | fsGroup: 53 | rule: MustRunAs 54 | ranges: 55 | - min: 100000 56 | max: 999999 57 | readOnlyRootFilesystem: true 58 | 59 | # Default that must be set 60 | seLinux: 61 | rule: RunAsAny 62 | --- 63 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 64 | kind: ClusterRole 65 | metadata: 66 | name: podsecuritypolicy:restricted 67 | rules: 68 | - apiGroups: 69 | - extensions 70 | resourceNames: 71 | - restricted 72 | resources: 73 | - podsecuritypolicies 74 | verbs: 75 | - use 76 | --- 77 | # Allows all serviceAccounts to use this restricted PSP. 78 | # If a pod should need more privileges, this could be granted via a PSP, SA, Role and RoleBinding within its namespace. 79 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 80 | kind: ClusterRoleBinding 81 | metadata: 82 | name: podsecuritypolicy:all-serviceaccounts 83 | roleRef: 84 | apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 85 | kind: ClusterRole 86 | name: podsecuritypolicy:restricted 87 | subjects: 88 | - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 89 | kind: Group 90 | name: system:serviceaccounts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/01b-nginx-unprivileged.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | labels: 5 | run: nginx-unprivileged 6 | name: nginx-unprivileged 7 | spec: 8 | selector: 9 | matchLabels: 10 | run: nginx-unprivileged 11 | template: 12 | metadata: 13 | labels: 14 | run: nginx-unprivileged 15 | spec: 16 | automountServiceAccountToken: false 17 | enableServiceLinks: false 18 | containers: 19 | - image: nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged:1.19.3 20 | name: nginx-unprivileged 21 | volumeMounts: 22 | - name: tmp 23 | mountPath: /tmp 24 | volumes: 25 | - name: tmp 26 | emptyDir: {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/02a-psp-whitelist.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: v1 2 | kind: ServiceAccount 3 | metadata: 4 | name: nginx 5 | namespace: psp 6 | --- 7 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 8 | kind: Role 9 | metadata: 10 | name: podsecuritypolicy:nginx 11 | namespace: psp 12 | rules: 13 | - apiGroups: ['extensions'] 14 | resources: ['podsecuritypolicies'] 15 | verbs: ['use'] 16 | resourceNames: 17 | - privileged 18 | --- 19 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 20 | kind: RoleBinding 21 | metadata: 22 | name: podsecuritypolicy:nginx 23 | namespace: psp 24 | roleRef: 25 | apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 26 | kind: Role 27 | name: podsecuritypolicy:nginx 28 | subjects: 29 | - kind: ServiceAccount 30 | name: nginx 31 | namespace: psp -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/02b-patch-nginx-service-account.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | spec: 2 | template: 3 | spec: 4 | serviceAccountName: nginx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/interactive-demo.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 4 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 5 | 6 | PRINT_ONLY=${PRINT_ONLY:-false} 7 | 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../../interactive-utils.sh 9 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../../cluster-utils.sh 10 | 11 | function main() { 12 | 13 | confirm "Preparing demo in kubernetes cluster '$(kubectl config current-context)'." 'Continue? y/n [n]' \ 14 | || exit 0 15 | 16 | setup 17 | reset 18 | run "clear" 19 | privilegedPsp 20 | 21 | RemoveDefaultPsp 22 | 23 | introduceRestrictedPsp 24 | 25 | adhereToRestrictivePsp 26 | 27 | useLessRestrictivePsp 28 | 29 | echo 30 | message "This concludes the demo, thanks for securing your clusters!" 31 | } 32 | 33 | function setup() { 34 | 35 | run "echo Setting up environment for interactive demo 'pod security policy'" 36 | 37 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/../../config.sh 38 | 39 | run "echo -n ." 40 | 41 | run "kubectl config set-context \$(kubectl config current-context) --namespace=psp > /dev/null" 42 | run "echo -n ." 43 | } 44 | 45 | function privilegedPsp() { 46 | heading "With privileged PSP" 47 | 48 | subHeading "Start a pod (via a deployment)" 49 | printAndRun "kubectl create deployment nginx --image nginx:1.19.3" 50 | 51 | echo 52 | local podName="$(kubectl get pod | awk '/^nginx/ {print $1;exit}')" 53 | waitForPodReady "${podName}" psp 54 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pod | awk '/^nginx/ {print \$1;exit}')" 55 | 56 | subHeading "It uses a privileged predefined PSP" 57 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pod | awk '/^nginx/ {print \$1;exit}') -o jsonpath='{.metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io/psp}' " 58 | echo 59 | pressKeyToContinue 60 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/psp-privileged.yaml 61 | 62 | pressKeyToContinue 63 | } 64 | 65 | function RemoveDefaultPsp() { 66 | heading "Remove privileged default PSP" 67 | 68 | # Remove privilege PSP as default 69 | subHeading "Delete privileged PSP" 70 | printAndRun "kubectl delete clusterrolebinding podsecuritypolicy:all-serviceaccounts" 71 | 72 | subHeading "'Restart' all pods" 73 | printAndRun "kubectl delete pod --all" 74 | 75 | subHeading "Are there any pods?" 76 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod" 77 | 78 | subHeading "Why are there no pods? Lets check controllers. Here: Deployment ➡️ ReplicaSets" 79 | printAndRun "kubectl get rs" 80 | pressKeyToContinue 81 | printAndRun "kubectl describe rs \$(kubectl get rs | awk '/nginx/ {print \$1;exit}') | grep Error" 82 | 83 | pressKeyToContinue 84 | } 85 | 86 | function introduceRestrictedPsp() { 87 | heading "Introduce restricted PSP" 88 | 89 | subHeading "Apply PSP" 90 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/01-psp-restrictive.yaml 91 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 01-psp-restrictive.yaml") 92 | 93 | # Delete replica sets -> Deployments create new ones which adhere to new PSP 94 | subHeading "'Restart' all pods" 95 | printAndRun "kubectl delete rs --all" 96 | 97 | subHeading "Lets check ReplicaSets" 98 | printAndRun "kubectl get rs" 99 | pressKeyToContinue 100 | subHeading "Lets check Pod" 101 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pod | awk '/^nginx/ {print \$1;exit}')" 102 | pressKeyToContinue 103 | printAndRun "kubectl logs \$(kubectl get pod | awk '/nginx/ {print \$1;exit}') | grep emerg" 104 | 105 | pressKeyToContinue 106 | } 107 | 108 | function adhereToRestrictivePsp() { 109 | heading "Adhere to restricted PSP" 110 | 111 | subHeading "Best Option: Adapt application to adhere to PSP" 112 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/01b-nginx-unprivileged.yaml 113 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 01b-nginx-unprivileged.yaml") 114 | 115 | echo 116 | local podName="$(kubectl get pod | awk '/unprivileged/ {print $1;exit}')" 117 | waitForPodReady "${podName}" psp 118 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pod | awk '/unprivileged/ {print \$1;exit}')" 119 | 120 | pressKeyToContinue 121 | } 122 | 123 | function useLessRestrictivePsp() { 124 | heading "Alternative (less secure): Use less restrictive PSP for certain pod" 125 | 126 | subHeading "'Whitelist' pod to use less restrictive PSP" 127 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/02a-psp-whitelist.yaml 128 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl apply -f 02a-psp-whitelist.yaml") 129 | 130 | subHeading "Use service account for nginx pod" 131 | printFile ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/02b-patch-nginx-service-account.yaml 132 | (cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR} && printAndRun "kubectl patch deployment nginx --patch \"\$(cat 02b-patch-nginx-service-account.yaml)\"") 133 | 134 | printAndRun "kubectl delete pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^nginx/ {print \$1;exit}')" 135 | 136 | subHeading "It's running!" 137 | printAndRun "kubectl get pod \$(kubectl get pods | awk '/^nginx/ {print \$1;exit}')" 138 | 139 | pressKeyToContinue 140 | } 141 | 142 | function reset() { 143 | # Reset the changes done by this demo 144 | kubectlSilent delete deploy nginx 145 | run "echo -n ." 146 | kubectlSilent delete deploy nginx-unprivileged 147 | run "echo -n ." 148 | kubectlSilent delete -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/01-psp-restrictive.yaml 149 | run "echo -n ." 150 | kubectlSilent delete -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/02a-psp-whitelist.yaml 151 | run "echo -n ." 152 | kubectlSilent apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/psp-privileged.yaml 153 | run "echo -n ." 154 | } 155 | 156 | main "$@" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /4-pod-security-policies/demo/psp-privileged.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # This is the least restricted policy you can create, equivalent to not using the pod security policy admission controller: 2 | # https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#example-policies 3 | # https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/snapshot-initial-v1.17/content/en/examples/policy/privileged-psp.yaml 4 | apiVersion: policy/v1beta1 5 | kind: PodSecurityPolicy 6 | metadata: 7 | name: privileged 8 | annotations: 9 | seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: '*' 10 | spec: 11 | privileged: true 12 | allowPrivilegeEscalation: true 13 | allowedCapabilities: 14 | - '*' 15 | volumes: 16 | - '*' 17 | hostNetwork: true 18 | hostPorts: 19 | - min: 0 20 | max: 65535 21 | hostIPC: true 22 | hostPID: true 23 | runAsUser: 24 | rule: 'RunAsAny' 25 | seLinux: 26 | rule: 'RunAsAny' 27 | supplementalGroups: 28 | rule: 'RunAsAny' 29 | fsGroup: 30 | rule: 'RunAsAny' 31 | --- 32 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 33 | kind: ClusterRole 34 | metadata: 35 | name: podsecuritypolicy:privileged 36 | rules: 37 | - apiGroups: 38 | - extensions 39 | resourceNames: 40 | - privileged 41 | resources: 42 | - podsecuritypolicies 43 | verbs: 44 | - use 45 | --- 46 | apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 47 | kind: ClusterRoleBinding 48 | metadata: 49 | name: podsecuritypolicy:all-serviceaccounts 50 | roleRef: 51 | apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 52 | kind: ClusterRole 53 | name: podsecuritypolicy:privileged 54 | subjects: 55 | - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io 56 | kind: Group 57 | name: system:serviceaccounts -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 19 November 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure 12 | cooperation with the community in the case of network server software. 13 | 14 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 15 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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It is safest 628 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 629 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 630 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 631 | 632 | 633 | Copyright (C) 634 | 635 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 636 | it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published 637 | by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 638 | (at your option) any later version. 639 | 640 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 641 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 642 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 643 | GNU Affero General Public License for more details. 644 | 645 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License 646 | along with this program. If not, see . 647 | 648 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 649 | 650 | If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer 651 | network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to 652 | get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its 653 | interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive 654 | of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different 655 | solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the 656 | specific requirements. 657 | 658 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 659 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 660 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see 661 | . 662 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Readme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | ![](https://cloudogu.com/assets/blog/2019/Icon_K8Apps-1b648cccc5fe798e6e39e7a2471728e35e0ba6c8491fc281458da5b222a29513.png) 2 | 3 | # Kubernetes Security Demos 4 | 5 | Demos for several kubernetes security features 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | - [Overview](#overview) 13 | - [Running the demos](#running-the-demos) 14 | - [Credentials](#credentials) 15 | - [Blog Posts](#blog-posts) 16 | - [Setting up the clusters](#setting-up-the-clusters) 17 | - [Deleting clusters](#deleting-clusters) 18 | - [Costs](#costs) 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | # Overview 23 | 24 | Initially, these demos were developed during the preparation for some talks on [Kubernetes appOps Security](https://github.com/cloudogu/k8s-appops-security-talks) and our [K8s application security training](https://cloudogu.com/en/trainings/?mtm_campaign=k8s-sec-demos&mtm_kwd=trainings&mtm_source=github&mtm_medium=link). 25 | 26 | See also our [series of blog posts](#blog-posts) on the topic. 27 | 28 | Tested to run on Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) with a local Linux machine. 29 | Should also work on Mac. 30 | Should run on all clusters that support NetworkPolicies and PodSecurityPolicies. 31 | 32 | 33 | 1. ~~Role Based Access Controll (RBAC)~~ - RBAC has now been default for years. 34 | A showcase for the downsides of ABAC seems obsolete. 35 | If you're interested check [git history](https://github.com/cloudogu/k8s-security-demos/tree/b94aa0a94358cc04f3f1beed80f755ac14b994da). 36 | 2. [Network Policies](2-network-policies/Readme.md) 37 | 3. [Security Context](3-security-context/Readme.md) 38 | 4. [Pod Security Policies](4-pod-security-policies/Readme.md) 39 | 40 | # Running the demos 41 | 42 | Each demo is contained in its own sub folder, where each contains a 43 | 44 | * `apply.sh` that deploys the applications required for the demos and 45 | * `README.md` that contains the steps of the demo 46 | 47 | Note that the scripts also create entries to your `/etc/hosts`. 48 | 49 | All Demos run inside the same cluster. Before running make sure to have your `kubeconfig` set to a non-productive cluster. 50 | If you want, you can set one up on your GKE account using the script inside this repo. 51 | See [Setting up the clusters](#setting-up-the-clusters). 52 | 53 | # Credentials 54 | 55 | If not otherwise stated, the login credentials for the webapps are 56 | 57 | * User: `admin` 58 | * Password: `12345` 59 | 60 | It's a demo after all! 😉 61 | 62 | # Demo recordings 63 | 64 | ## Security Context 65 | 66 | [![asciicast](https://asciinema.org/a/366999.svg)](https://asciinema.org/a/366999) 67 | 68 | Recorded live at [heiseDevSec 2020](https://cloudogu.github.io/k8s-appops-security-talks/2020-10-23-heise-devsec/#/). 69 | 70 | # Blog Posts 71 | 72 | The examples evolved further while working on an article series called "Kubernetes AppOps Security" published in German Magazin JavaSPEKTRUM. Both English translation and German original can be found on the Cloudogu Blog. 73 | 74 | * 05/2019 75 | * [🇬🇧 Network Policies - Part 1 - Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-1) 76 | * [🇩🇪 Network Policies - Teil 1 - Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-1) 77 | * 06/2019 78 | * [🇬🇧 Network Policies - Part 2 - Advanced Topics and Tips](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-2) 79 | * [🇩🇪 Network Policies - Teil 2 - Fortgeschrittene Themen und Tipps](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-2) 80 | * 01/2020 81 | * [🇬🇧 Security Context – Part 1: Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-3-security-context-1) 82 | * [🇩🇪 Security Context – Teil 1: Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-3-security-context-1) 83 | * 02/2020 84 | * [🇬🇧 Security Context - Background](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-4-security-context-2) 85 | * [🇩🇪 Security Context - Hintergründe](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-4-security-context-2) 86 | * 04/2020 87 | * [🇬🇧 Pod Security Policies – Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-5-pod-security-policies-1) 88 | * [🇩🇪 Pod Security Policies – Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-5-pod-security-policies-1) 89 | * 05/2020 90 | * [🇬🇧 Pod Security Policies – Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/en/blog/k8s-app-ops-part-6-pod-security-policies-2) 91 | * [🇩🇪 Pod Security Policies – Good Practices](https://cloudogu.com/de/blog/k8s-app-ops-teil-6-pod-security-policies-2) 92 | 93 | # Setting up the clusters 94 | 95 | This demos should run on most kubernetes clusters that have support for NetworkPolicies and PodSecurityPolicies. 96 | 97 | This repo also features setting up a defined environment Google Kubernetes engine. 98 | You can set it up using [createCluster.sh](createCluster.sh). 99 | It uses terraform to roll out the clusters. If you prefer a bash-only variant, check [git history](https://github.com/cloudogu/k8s-security-demos/tree/b94aa0a94358cc04f3f1beed80f755ac14b994da). 100 | 101 | In order to use the script 102 | 103 | * set your GKE `ZONE` and `PROJECT` in `config.sh` 104 | (alternatively, you can set these properties via env vars). 105 | Note that you can also set `CLUSTER_VERSION` (like `1.11`) and `MACHINE_TYPE` (like `n1-standard-2`). 106 | From time to time GKE drops support for older cluster versions, so you might need to set a newer one, if the one in 107 | `config.sh` is no longer supported at the time of execution. 108 | * set up a service account on GKE that allows terraform to do the setup 109 | ```shell script 110 | source config.sh 111 | SA=terraform-cluster 112 | 113 | # Create SA 114 | gcloud iam service-accounts create ${SA} --display-name ${SA} --project ${PROJECT} 115 | 116 | # Authorize (maybe roles/container.admin is enough?) 117 | gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding ${PROJECT} \ 118 | --member serviceAccount:${SA}@${PROJECT}.iam.gserviceaccount.com --role=roles/editor 119 | 120 | # Export credentials 121 | gcloud iam service-accounts keys create \ 122 | --iam-account ${SA}@${PROJECT}.iam.gserviceaccount.com terraform/account.json 123 | ``` 124 | * Have terraform installed (should work with 0.12 and 0.13) 125 | * Call `./create Cluster.sh` 126 | * Terraform will ask for confirmation before executing. 127 | If you don't want that, call `./createCluster.sh -auto-approve` 128 | 129 | ## Deleting clusters 130 | 131 | You can delete the cluster and entries to `/etc/hosts` once you're done using the `./delete-clusters.sh` script. 132 | 133 | ## Costs 134 | 135 | For just a quick create, demo, delete action the cost should be < 10$. 136 | The total infra cost for initially creating these demos was about 10$. 137 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /cluster-utils.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | 3 | PSPDIR=4-pod-security-policies/demo 4 | 5 | function waitForExternalIp() { 6 | 7 | local SERVICE_NAME="$1" 8 | local NAMESPACE="$2" 9 | 10 | local ip="" 11 | while [[ -z ${ip} ]]; do 12 | ip=$(findServiceExternalIp "${SERVICE_NAME}" "${NAMESPACE}") 13 | sleep 1 14 | done 15 | 16 | echo "${ip}" 17 | } 18 | 19 | function findServiceExternalIp() { 20 | local NAMESPACE=${2-} 21 | 22 | if [[ ! -z "${NAMESPACE}" ]]; then 23 | NAMESPACE="-n ${NAMESPACE}" 24 | fi 25 | 26 | kubectl get service $1 -o=jsonpath="{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}" ${NAMESPACE} 27 | } 28 | 29 | function findIngressHostname() { 30 | local NAMESPACE=${2-} 31 | 32 | if [[ ! -z "${NAMESPACE}" ]]; then 33 | NAMESPACE="-n ${NAMESPACE}" 34 | fi 35 | 36 | kubectl get ingress $1 -o=jsonpath="{.spec.rules[0].host}" ${NAMESPACE} 37 | } 38 | 39 | function writeEtcHosts() { 40 | local IP=$1 41 | local NEW_HOSTNAME=$2 42 | 43 | echo "Writing the following to /etc/hosts: ${IP} ${NEW_HOSTNAME}" 44 | echo "${IP} ${NEW_HOSTNAME}" | sudo tee --append /etc/hosts 45 | } 46 | 47 | function kubectlIdempotent() { 48 | kubectl "$@" --dry-run=client -o yaml | kubectl apply -f - 49 | } 50 | 51 | function waitForPodReady() { 52 | 53 | local POD_NAME="$1" 54 | local NAMESPACE="$2" 55 | 56 | local isReady="" 57 | while [[ -z ${isReady} ]]; do 58 | local isReady=$(kubectl get pod -n "${NAMESPACE}" $(kubectl get pods -n "${NAMESPACE}" | awk -v pod_name="$POD_NAME" '$0 ~ pod_name {print $1;exit}') -o json | jq '.status.conditions[] | select(.type=="Ready" and .status=="True")') 59 | echo "Waiting for pod ${POD_NAME} in namespace ${NAMESPACE} to become ready" 60 | sleep 1 61 | done 62 | # For some reasons pods still refuse after they are ready :-/ 63 | sleep 1 64 | } 65 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /config.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | PROJECT=${PROJECT:-"cloudogu-trainings"} 3 | ZONE=${ZONE:-"us-central1-a"} 4 | 5 | # Docs recommend to not use fuzzy version here: 6 | # https://www.terraform.io/docs/providers/google/r/container_cluster.html 7 | # OTOH google deprecates support for specific version rather fast. 8 | # Resulting in "Error 400: Master version "X" is unsupported., badRequest" 9 | # So we use a version prefix hoping that the stable patch versions won't do unexpected things (which is unlikely!) 10 | CLUSTER_VERSION=${CLUSTER_VERSION:-"1.18."} 11 | MACHINE_TYPE=${MACHINE_TYPE:-"n1-standard-2"} 12 | 13 | CLUSTER="k8s-sec-demo-rbac-nwp-psp" 14 | CLUSTER_NODES=2 15 | 16 | # TODO grep network poilicy hosts from ingress.yamls - grep -r "host: " 17 | HOSTNAMES=( "legacy-authz" "rbac" "traefik" "web-console" "prometheus" "nosqlclient" ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /createCluster.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | 4 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 5 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 6 | 7 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/config.sh 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/cluster-utils.sh 9 | 10 | function createCluster() { 11 | 12 | ( 13 | cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/terraform && terraform init \ 14 | -backend-config "path=.terraform/backend/${CLUSTER}" 15 | ) 16 | 17 | ( 18 | cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/terraform && terraform apply \ 19 | -var "gce_project=${PROJECT}" \ 20 | -var "gce_location=${ZONE}" \ 21 | -var "cluster_name=${CLUSTER}" \ 22 | -var "credentials=account.json" \ 23 | -var "node_count=${CLUSTER_NODES}" \ 24 | -var "k8s_version_prefix=${CLUSTER_VERSION}" \ 25 | -var "machine_type=${MACHINE_TYPE}" $* 26 | ) 27 | 28 | # Start with a privileged PSP. Makes sure deployments are allowed to create pods 29 | 30 | local ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$(cd $(dirname $0) && pwd)" 31 | 32 | # Become cluster admin, so we are authorized to create role for PSP 33 | becomeClusterAdmin 34 | 35 | kubectl apply -f ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/${PSPDIR}/psp-privileged.yaml 36 | } 37 | 38 | function becomeClusterAdmin() { 39 | kubectlIdempotent create clusterrolebinding myname-cluster-admin-binding \ 40 | --clusterrole=cluster-admin \ 41 | --user=$(gcloud info | grep Account | sed -r 's/Account\: \[(.*)\]/\1/') 42 | # TODO replace by kubectl whoami in order to get rid of gcloud dependency? 43 | } 44 | 45 | createCluster "$@" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /delete-clusters.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | set -o errexit -o nounset -o pipefail 3 | 4 | BASEDIR=$(dirname $0) 5 | ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR="$( cd ${BASEDIR} && pwd )" 6 | 7 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/config.sh 8 | source ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/cluster-utils.sh 9 | 10 | function main() { 11 | deleteHostNames 12 | 13 | deleteClusterIfExists "$@" 14 | } 15 | 16 | function deleteClusterIfExists() { 17 | 18 | 19 | ( 20 | cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/terraform && terraform init \ 21 | -backend-config "path=.terraform/backend/${CLUSTER}" 22 | ) 23 | 24 | ( 25 | cd ${ABSOLUTE_BASEDIR}/terraform && terraform destroy \ 26 | -var "gce_project=${PROJECT}" \ 27 | -var "gce_location=${ZONE}" \ 28 | -var "cluster_name=${CLUSTER}" \ 29 | -var "credentials=account.json" \ 30 | -var "node_count=0" \ 31 | -var "k8s_version_prefix=dontcare" \ 32 | -var "machine_type=dontcare" $* 33 | ) 34 | } 35 | 36 | function deleteHostNames() { 37 | 38 | echo "Deleting entries from /etc/hosts: " "${HOSTNAMES[@]}" 39 | 40 | for NAME in "${HOSTNAMES[@]}" 41 | do 42 | sudo sed -i "/${NAME}/d" /etc/hosts 43 | done 44 | } 45 | 46 | main "$@" -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /interactive-utils.sh: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #!/usr/bin/env bash 2 | 3 | GREEN='\033[0;32m' 4 | RED='\033[0;31m' 5 | GRAY='\033[0;30m' 6 | NO_COLOR='\033[0m' 7 | 8 | CAT=$(if [[ -x "$(command -v bat)" ]]; then echo "bat"; else echo "cat"; fi) 9 | 10 | function heading() { 11 | echo 12 | echo -e "${RED}# ${1}${NO_COLOR}" 13 | echo -e "${RED}========================================${NO_COLOR}" 14 | } 15 | 16 | function subHeading() { 17 | echo 18 | echo -e "${GREEN}# ${1}${NO_COLOR}" 19 | echo 20 | pressKeyToContinue 21 | } 22 | 23 | function message() { 24 | echo 25 | echo -e "${GREEN}${1}${NO_COLOR}" 26 | echo 27 | pressKeyToContinue 28 | } 29 | 30 | function pressKeyToContinue() { 31 | if [[ "${PRINT_ONLY}" != "true" ]]; then 32 | read -n 1 -s -r -p "Press any key to continue" 33 | removeOutputLine 34 | fi 35 | } 36 | 37 | function confirm() { 38 | # shellcheck disable=SC2145 39 | # - the line break between args is intended here! 40 | printf "%s\n" "${@:-Are you sure? [y/N]} " 41 | 42 | read -r response 43 | case "$response" in 44 | [yY][eE][sS] | [yY]) 45 | true 46 | ;; 47 | *) 48 | false 49 | ;; 50 | esac 51 | } 52 | 53 | function removeOutputLine() { 54 | echo -en "\r\033[K" 55 | } 56 | 57 | function printAndRun() { 58 | echo "$ ${1}" 59 | run "${1}" 60 | } 61 | 62 | function run() { 63 | if [[ "${PRINT_ONLY}" != "true" ]]; then 64 | eval ${1} || true 65 | fi 66 | } 67 | 68 | function printFile() { 69 | ${CAT} ${1} 70 | pressKeyToContinue 71 | } 72 | 73 | function kubectlSilent() { 74 | if [[ "${PRINT_ONLY}" != "true" ]]; then 75 | kubectl "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1 || true 76 | fi 77 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /terraform/main.tf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | terraform { 2 | 3 | backend "local" {} 4 | 5 | required_providers { 6 | 7 | google = { 8 | source = "hashicorp/google" 9 | version = "~> 3.51.0" 10 | } 11 | google-beta = { 12 | source = "hashicorp/google" 13 | version = "~> 3.51.0" 14 | } 15 | } 16 | required_version = ">= 0.14" 17 | } 18 | 19 | provider "google" { 20 | credentials = file(var.credentials) 21 | project = var.gce_project 22 | } 23 | 24 | # Required for pod_security_policy_config 25 | provider google-beta { 26 | credentials = file(var.credentials) 27 | project = var.gce_project 28 | } 29 | 30 | data "google_container_engine_versions" "k8s-security-demo" { 31 | provider = google-beta 32 | location = var.gce_location 33 | version_prefix = var.k8s_version_prefix 34 | } 35 | 36 | resource "google_container_cluster" "k8s-security-demo-cluster" { 37 | # Required for pod_security_policy_config 38 | provider = google-beta 39 | name = var.cluster_name 40 | 41 | min_master_version = data.google_container_engine_versions.k8s-security-demo.latest_master_version 42 | node_version = data.google_container_engine_versions.k8s-security-demo.latest_node_version 43 | 44 | location = var.gce_location 45 | 46 | pod_security_policy_config { 47 | enabled = true 48 | } 49 | 50 | remove_default_node_pool = true 51 | initial_node_count = 1 52 | 53 | network_policy { 54 | # On the nodes 55 | enabled = true 56 | } 57 | 58 | addons_config { 59 | # On the master 60 | network_policy_config { 61 | disabled = false 62 | } 63 | } 64 | 65 | provisioner "local-exec" { 66 | # Create entry for cluster in local kubeconfig 67 | command = "gcloud container clusters get-credentials ${var.cluster_name} --zone ${var.gce_location} --project ${var.gce_project}" 68 | } 69 | provisioner "local-exec" { 70 | when = destroy 71 | command = "kubectl config delete-context gke_${self.project}_${self.location}_${self.name}" 72 | } 73 | } 74 | 75 | resource "google_container_node_pool" "k8s-security-demo-node-pool" { 76 | location = var.gce_location 77 | cluster = google_container_cluster.k8s-security-demo-cluster.name 78 | node_count = var.node_count 79 | 80 | management { 81 | # Avoid unpleasant surprises during live demos 82 | auto_upgrade = false 83 | } 84 | 85 | node_config { 86 | preemptible = false 87 | machine_type = var.machine_type 88 | 89 | metadata = { 90 | disable-legacy-endpoints = "true" 91 | } 92 | 93 | oauth_scopes = [ 94 | "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write", 95 | "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring", 96 | # Grants Read Access to GCR to clusters 97 | "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_only", 98 | ] 99 | } 100 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /terraform/vars.tf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | variable "gce_project" { 2 | type = string 3 | description = "Determines the Google Cloud project to be used" 4 | } 5 | 6 | variable "gce_location" { 7 | type = string 8 | description = "The GCE location to be used" 9 | } 10 | 11 | variable "cluster_name" { 12 | description = "cluster name inside google cloud project" 13 | } 14 | 15 | variable "credentials" { 16 | description = "Google Service Account JSON used by terraform for authentication" 17 | } 18 | 19 | variable "node_count" { 20 | type = number 21 | description = "Number of nodes in each cluster" 22 | } 23 | 24 | variable "machine_type" { 25 | description = "Type of VM machines used as cluster nodes" 26 | } 27 | 28 | variable "k8s_version_prefix" { 29 | type = string 30 | description = "Master and Node version prefix to setup" 31 | } 32 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------