├── .gitignore ├── README.md ├── boston-housing ├── boston_housing.html ├── boston_housing.ipynb └── housing.csv ├── customer-segments ├── README.md ├── customer_segments.html ├── customer_segments.ipynb ├── customers.csv ├── renders.py └── renders.pyc ├── smartcab ├── README.md ├── SmartCabReport.md ├── SmartCabReport.pdf └── smartcab │ ├── __init__.py │ ├── agent_original.py │ ├── agent_smart.py │ ├── environment.py │ ├── environment.pyc │ ├── images │ ├── car-black.png │ ├── car-blue.png │ ├── car-cyan.png │ ├── car-green.png │ ├── car-magenta.png │ ├── car-orange.png │ ├── car-red.png │ ├── car-white.png │ └── car-yellow.png │ ├── planner.py │ ├── planner.pyc │ ├── simulator.py │ └── simulator.pyc ├── student-intervention ├── student-data.csv ├── student_intervention.html └── student_intervention.ipynb └── titanic-survival ├── Titanic_Survival_Exploration.html ├── Titanic_Survival_Exploration.ipynb ├── test.csv └── train.csv /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | **/.DS_Store 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Machine Learning Projects 2 | 3 | Udacity Machine Learning Nanodegree projects and examples. 4 | 5 | - Titanic Survivors - Basic ML Concepts 6 | - Boston Home Prices - Model Validation 7 | - Student Intervention - Supervised Learning 8 | - Customer Segments - Unsupervised Learning 9 | - SmartCab - Reinforcement Learning 10 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /boston-housing/housing.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | RM,LSTAT,PTRATIO,MDEV 2 | 6.575,4.98,15.3,504000.0 3 | 6.421,9.14,17.8,453600.0 4 | 7.185,4.03,17.8,728700.0 5 | 6.998,2.94,18.7,701400.0 6 | 7.147,5.33,18.7,760200.0 7 | 6.43,5.21,18.7,602700.0 8 | 6.012,12.43,15.2,480900.0 9 | 6.172,19.15,15.2,569100.0 10 | 5.631,29.93,15.2,346500.0 11 | 6.004,17.1,15.2,396900.0 12 | 6.377,20.45,15.2,315000.0 13 | 6.009,13.27,15.2,396900.0 14 | 5.889,15.71,15.2,455700.0 15 | 5.949,8.26,21.0,428400.0 16 | 6.096,10.26,21.0,382200.0 17 | 5.834,8.47,21.0,417900.0 18 | 5.935,6.58,21.0,485100.0 19 | 5.99,14.67,21.0,367500.0 20 | 5.456,11.69,21.0,424200.0 21 | 5.727,11.28,21.0,382200.0 22 | 5.57,21.02,21.0,285600.0 23 | 5.965,13.83,21.0,411600.0 24 | 6.142,18.72,21.0,319200.0 25 | 5.813,19.88,21.0,304500.0 26 | 5.924,16.3,21.0,327600.0 27 | 5.599,16.51,21.0,291900.0 28 | 5.813,14.81,21.0,348600.0 29 | 6.047,17.28,21.0,310800.0 30 | 6.495,12.8,21.0,386400.0 31 | 6.674,11.98,21.0,441000.0 32 | 5.713,22.6,21.0,266700.0 33 | 6.072,13.04,21.0,304500.0 34 | 5.95,27.71,21.0,277200.0 35 | 5.701,18.35,21.0,275100.0 36 | 6.096,20.34,21.0,283500.0 37 | 5.933,9.68,19.2,396900.0 38 | 5.841,11.41,19.2,420000.0 39 | 5.85,8.77,19.2,441000.0 40 | 5.966,10.13,19.2,518700.0 41 | 6.595,4.32,18.3,646800.0 42 | 7.024,1.98,18.3,732900.0 43 | 6.77,4.84,17.9,558600.0 44 | 6.169,5.81,17.9,531300.0 45 | 6.211,7.44,17.9,518700.0 46 | 6.069,9.55,17.9,445200.0 47 | 5.682,10.21,17.9,405300.0 48 | 5.786,14.15,17.9,420000.0 49 | 6.03,18.8,17.9,348600.0 50 | 5.399,30.81,17.9,302400.0 51 | 5.602,16.2,17.9,407400.0 52 | 5.963,13.45,16.8,413700.0 53 | 6.115,9.43,16.8,430500.0 54 | 6.511,5.28,16.8,525000.0 55 | 5.998,8.43,16.8,491400.0 56 | 5.888,14.8,21.1,396900.0 57 | 7.249,4.81,17.9,743400.0 58 | 6.383,5.77,17.3,518700.0 59 | 6.816,3.95,15.1,663600.0 60 | 6.145,6.86,19.7,489300.0 61 | 5.927,9.22,19.7,411600.0 62 | 5.741,13.15,19.7,392700.0 63 | 5.966,14.44,19.7,336000.0 64 | 6.456,6.73,19.7,466200.0 65 | 6.762,9.5,19.7,525000.0 66 | 7.104,8.05,18.6,693000.0 67 | 6.29,4.67,16.1,493500.0 68 | 5.787,10.24,16.1,407400.0 69 | 5.878,8.1,18.9,462000.0 70 | 5.594,13.09,18.9,365400.0 71 | 5.885,8.79,18.9,438900.0 72 | 6.417,6.72,19.2,508200.0 73 | 5.961,9.88,19.2,455700.0 74 | 6.065,5.52,19.2,478800.0 75 | 6.245,7.54,19.2,491400.0 76 | 6.273,6.78,18.7,506100.0 77 | 6.286,8.94,18.7,449400.0 78 | 6.279,11.97,18.7,420000.0 79 | 6.14,10.27,18.7,436800.0 80 | 6.232,12.34,18.7,445200.0 81 | 5.874,9.1,18.7,426300.0 82 | 6.727,5.29,19.0,588000.0 83 | 6.619,7.22,19.0,501900.0 84 | 6.302,6.72,19.0,520800.0 85 | 6.167,7.51,19.0,480900.0 86 | 6.389,9.62,18.5,501900.0 87 | 6.63,6.53,18.5,558600.0 88 | 6.015,12.86,18.5,472500.0 89 | 6.121,8.44,18.5,466200.0 90 | 7.007,5.5,17.8,495600.0 91 | 7.079,5.7,17.8,602700.0 92 | 6.417,8.81,17.8,474600.0 93 | 6.405,8.2,17.8,462000.0 94 | 6.442,8.16,18.2,480900.0 95 | 6.211,6.21,18.2,525000.0 96 | 6.249,10.59,18.2,432600.0 97 | 6.625,6.65,18.0,596400.0 98 | 6.163,11.34,18.0,449400.0 99 | 8.069,4.21,18.0,812700.0 100 | 7.82,3.57,18.0,919800.0 101 | 7.416,6.19,18.0,697200.0 102 | 6.727,9.42,20.9,577500.0 103 | 6.781,7.67,20.9,556500.0 104 | 6.405,10.63,20.9,390600.0 105 | 6.137,13.44,20.9,405300.0 106 | 6.167,12.33,20.9,422100.0 107 | 5.851,16.47,20.9,409500.0 108 | 5.836,18.66,20.9,409500.0 109 | 6.127,14.09,20.9,428400.0 110 | 6.474,12.27,20.9,415800.0 111 | 6.229,15.55,20.9,407400.0 112 | 6.195,13.0,20.9,455700.0 113 | 6.715,10.16,17.8,478800.0 114 | 5.913,16.21,17.8,394800.0 115 | 6.092,17.09,17.8,392700.0 116 | 6.254,10.45,17.8,388500.0 117 | 5.928,15.76,17.8,384300.0 118 | 6.176,12.04,17.8,445200.0 119 | 6.021,10.3,17.8,403200.0 120 | 5.872,15.37,17.8,428400.0 121 | 5.731,13.61,17.8,405300.0 122 | 5.87,14.37,19.1,462000.0 123 | 6.004,14.27,19.1,426300.0 124 | 5.961,17.93,19.1,430500.0 125 | 5.856,25.41,19.1,363300.0 126 | 5.879,17.58,19.1,394800.0 127 | 5.986,14.81,19.1,449400.0 128 | 5.613,27.26,19.1,329700.0 129 | 5.693,17.19,21.2,340200.0 130 | 6.431,15.39,21.2,378000.0 131 | 5.637,18.34,21.2,300300.0 132 | 6.458,12.6,21.2,403200.0 133 | 6.326,12.26,21.2,411600.0 134 | 6.372,11.12,21.2,483000.0 135 | 5.822,15.03,21.2,386400.0 136 | 5.757,17.31,21.2,327600.0 137 | 6.335,16.96,21.2,380100.0 138 | 5.942,16.9,21.2,365400.0 139 | 6.454,14.59,21.2,359100.0 140 | 5.857,21.32,21.2,279300.0 141 | 6.151,18.46,21.2,373800.0 142 | 6.174,24.16,21.2,294000.0 143 | 5.019,34.41,21.2,302400.0 144 | 5.403,26.82,14.7,281400.0 145 | 5.468,26.42,14.7,327600.0 146 | 4.903,29.29,14.7,247800.0 147 | 6.13,27.8,14.7,289800.0 148 | 5.628,16.65,14.7,327600.0 149 | 4.926,29.53,14.7,306600.0 150 | 5.186,28.32,14.7,373800.0 151 | 5.597,21.45,14.7,323400.0 152 | 6.122,14.1,14.7,451500.0 153 | 5.404,13.28,14.7,411600.0 154 | 5.012,12.12,14.7,321300.0 155 | 5.709,15.79,14.7,407400.0 156 | 6.129,15.12,14.7,357000.0 157 | 6.152,15.02,14.7,327600.0 158 | 5.272,16.14,14.7,275100.0 159 | 6.943,4.59,14.7,867300.0 160 | 6.066,6.43,14.7,510300.0 161 | 6.51,7.39,14.7,489300.0 162 | 6.25,5.5,14.7,567000.0 163 | 5.854,11.64,14.7,476700.0 164 | 6.101,9.81,14.7,525000.0 165 | 5.877,12.14,14.7,499800.0 166 | 6.319,11.1,14.7,499800.0 167 | 6.402,11.32,14.7,468300.0 168 | 5.875,14.43,14.7,365400.0 169 | 5.88,12.03,14.7,401100.0 170 | 5.572,14.69,16.6,485100.0 171 | 6.416,9.04,16.6,495600.0 172 | 5.859,9.64,16.6,474600.0 173 | 6.546,5.33,16.6,617400.0 174 | 6.02,10.11,16.6,487200.0 175 | 6.315,6.29,16.6,516600.0 176 | 6.86,6.92,16.6,627900.0 177 | 6.98,5.04,17.8,781200.0 178 | 7.765,7.56,17.8,835800.0 179 | 6.144,9.45,17.8,760200.0 180 | 7.155,4.82,17.8,795900.0 181 | 6.563,5.68,17.8,682500.0 182 | 5.604,13.98,17.8,554400.0 183 | 6.153,13.15,17.8,621600.0 184 | 6.782,6.68,15.2,672000.0 185 | 6.556,4.56,15.2,625800.0 186 | 7.185,5.39,15.2,732900.0 187 | 6.951,5.1,15.2,777000.0 188 | 6.739,4.69,15.2,640500.0 189 | 7.178,2.87,15.2,764400.0 190 | 6.8,5.03,15.6,653100.0 191 | 6.604,4.38,15.6,611100.0 192 | 7.287,4.08,12.6,699300.0 193 | 7.107,8.61,12.6,636300.0 194 | 7.274,6.62,12.6,726600.0 195 | 6.975,4.56,17.0,732900.0 196 | 7.135,4.45,17.0,690900.0 197 | 6.162,7.43,14.7,506100.0 198 | 7.61,3.11,14.7,888300.0 199 | 7.853,3.81,14.7,1018500.0 200 | 5.891,10.87,18.6,474600.0 201 | 6.326,10.97,18.6,512400.0 202 | 5.783,18.06,18.6,472500.0 203 | 6.064,14.66,18.6,512400.0 204 | 5.344,23.09,18.6,420000.0 205 | 5.96,17.27,18.6,455700.0 206 | 5.404,23.98,18.6,405300.0 207 | 5.807,16.03,18.6,470400.0 208 | 6.375,9.38,18.6,590100.0 209 | 5.412,29.55,18.6,497700.0 210 | 6.182,9.47,18.6,525000.0 211 | 5.888,13.51,16.4,489300.0 212 | 6.642,9.69,16.4,602700.0 213 | 5.951,17.92,16.4,451500.0 214 | 6.373,10.5,16.4,483000.0 215 | 6.951,9.71,17.4,560700.0 216 | 6.164,21.46,17.4,455700.0 217 | 6.879,9.93,17.4,577500.0 218 | 6.618,7.6,17.4,632100.0 219 | 8.266,4.14,17.4,940800.0 220 | 8.04,3.13,17.4,789600.0 221 | 7.163,6.36,17.4,663600.0 222 | 7.686,3.92,17.4,980700.0 223 | 6.552,3.76,17.4,661500.0 224 | 5.981,11.65,17.4,510300.0 225 | 7.412,5.25,17.4,665700.0 226 | 8.337,2.47,17.4,875700.0 227 | 8.247,3.95,17.4,1014300.0 228 | 6.726,8.05,17.4,609000.0 229 | 6.086,10.88,17.4,504000.0 230 | 6.631,9.54,17.4,527100.0 231 | 7.358,4.73,17.4,661500.0 232 | 6.481,6.36,16.6,497700.0 233 | 6.606,7.37,16.6,489300.0 234 | 6.897,11.38,16.6,462000.0 235 | 6.095,12.4,16.6,422100.0 236 | 6.358,11.22,16.6,466200.0 237 | 6.393,5.19,16.6,497700.0 238 | 5.593,12.5,19.1,369600.0 239 | 5.605,18.46,19.1,388500.0 240 | 6.108,9.16,19.1,510300.0 241 | 6.226,10.15,19.1,430500.0 242 | 6.433,9.52,19.1,514500.0 243 | 6.718,6.56,19.1,550200.0 244 | 6.487,5.9,19.1,512400.0 245 | 6.438,3.59,19.1,520800.0 246 | 6.957,3.53,19.1,621600.0 247 | 8.259,3.54,19.1,898800.0 248 | 6.108,6.57,16.4,459900.0 249 | 5.876,9.25,16.4,438900.0 250 | 7.454,3.11,15.9,924000.0 251 | 7.333,7.79,13.0,756000.0 252 | 6.842,6.9,13.0,632100.0 253 | 7.203,9.59,13.0,709800.0 254 | 7.52,7.26,13.0,905100.0 255 | 8.398,5.91,13.0,1024800.0 256 | 7.327,11.25,13.0,651000.0 257 | 7.206,8.1,13.0,766500.0 258 | 5.56,10.45,13.0,478800.0 259 | 7.014,14.79,13.0,644700.0 260 | 7.47,3.16,13.0,913500.0 261 | 5.92,13.65,18.6,434700.0 262 | 5.856,13.0,18.6,443100.0 263 | 6.24,6.59,18.6,529200.0 264 | 6.538,7.73,18.6,512400.0 265 | 7.691,6.58,18.6,739200.0 266 | 6.758,3.53,17.6,680400.0 267 | 6.854,2.98,17.6,672000.0 268 | 7.267,6.05,17.6,697200.0 269 | 6.826,4.16,17.6,695100.0 270 | 6.482,7.19,17.6,611100.0 271 | 6.812,4.85,14.9,737100.0 272 | 7.82,3.76,14.9,953400.0 273 | 6.968,4.59,14.9,743400.0 274 | 7.645,3.01,14.9,966000.0 275 | 7.088,7.85,15.3,676200.0 276 | 6.453,8.23,15.3,462000.0 277 | 6.23,12.93,18.2,422100.0 278 | 6.209,7.14,16.6,487200.0 279 | 6.315,7.6,16.6,468300.0 280 | 6.565,9.51,16.6,520800.0 281 | 6.861,3.33,19.2,598500.0 282 | 7.148,3.56,19.2,783300.0 283 | 6.63,4.7,19.2,585900.0 284 | 6.127,8.58,16.0,501900.0 285 | 6.009,10.4,16.0,455700.0 286 | 6.678,6.27,16.0,600600.0 287 | 6.549,7.39,16.0,569100.0 288 | 5.79,15.84,16.0,426300.0 289 | 6.345,4.97,14.8,472500.0 290 | 7.041,4.74,14.8,609000.0 291 | 6.871,6.07,14.8,520800.0 292 | 6.59,9.5,16.1,462000.0 293 | 6.495,8.67,16.1,554400.0 294 | 6.982,4.86,16.1,695100.0 295 | 7.236,6.93,18.4,758100.0 296 | 6.616,8.93,18.4,596400.0 297 | 7.42,6.47,18.4,701400.0 298 | 6.849,7.53,18.4,592200.0 299 | 6.635,4.54,18.4,478800.0 300 | 5.972,9.97,18.4,426300.0 301 | 4.973,12.64,18.4,338100.0 302 | 6.122,5.98,18.4,464100.0 303 | 6.023,11.72,18.4,407400.0 304 | 6.266,7.9,18.4,453600.0 305 | 6.567,9.28,18.4,499800.0 306 | 5.705,11.5,18.4,340200.0 307 | 5.914,18.33,18.4,373800.0 308 | 5.782,15.94,18.4,415800.0 309 | 6.382,10.36,18.4,485100.0 310 | 6.113,12.73,18.4,441000.0 311 | 6.426,7.2,19.6,499800.0 312 | 6.376,6.87,19.6,485100.0 313 | 6.041,7.7,19.6,428400.0 314 | 5.708,11.74,19.6,388500.0 315 | 6.415,6.12,19.6,525000.0 316 | 6.431,5.08,19.6,516600.0 317 | 6.312,6.15,19.6,483000.0 318 | 6.083,12.79,19.6,466200.0 319 | 5.868,9.97,16.9,405300.0 320 | 6.333,7.34,16.9,474600.0 321 | 6.144,9.09,16.9,415800.0 322 | 5.706,12.43,16.9,359100.0 323 | 6.031,7.83,16.9,407400.0 324 | 6.316,5.68,20.2,466200.0 325 | 6.31,6.75,20.2,434700.0 326 | 6.037,8.01,20.2,443100.0 327 | 5.869,9.8,20.2,409500.0 328 | 5.895,10.56,20.2,388500.0 329 | 6.059,8.51,20.2,432600.0 330 | 5.985,9.74,20.2,399000.0 331 | 5.968,9.29,20.2,392700.0 332 | 7.241,5.49,15.5,686700.0 333 | 6.54,8.65,15.9,346500.0 334 | 6.696,7.18,17.6,501900.0 335 | 6.874,4.61,17.6,655200.0 336 | 6.014,10.53,18.8,367500.0 337 | 5.898,12.67,18.8,361200.0 338 | 6.516,6.36,17.9,485100.0 339 | 6.635,5.99,17.0,514500.0 340 | 6.939,5.89,19.7,558600.0 341 | 6.49,5.98,19.7,480900.0 342 | 6.579,5.49,18.3,506100.0 343 | 5.884,7.79,18.3,390600.0 344 | 6.728,4.5,17.0,632100.0 345 | 5.663,8.05,22.0,382200.0 346 | 5.936,5.57,22.0,432600.0 347 | 6.212,17.6,20.2,373800.0 348 | 6.395,13.27,20.2,455700.0 349 | 6.127,11.48,20.2,476700.0 350 | 6.112,12.67,20.2,474600.0 351 | 6.398,7.79,20.2,525000.0 352 | 6.251,14.19,20.2,417900.0 353 | 5.362,10.19,20.2,436800.0 354 | 5.803,14.64,20.2,352800.0 355 | 3.561,7.12,20.2,577500.0 356 | 4.963,14.0,20.2,459900.0 357 | 3.863,13.33,20.2,485100.0 358 | 4.906,34.77,20.2,289800.0 359 | 4.138,37.97,20.2,289800.0 360 | 7.313,13.44,20.2,315000.0 361 | 6.649,23.24,20.2,291900.0 362 | 6.794,21.24,20.2,279300.0 363 | 6.38,23.69,20.2,275100.0 364 | 6.223,21.78,20.2,214200.0 365 | 6.968,17.21,20.2,218400.0 366 | 6.545,21.08,20.2,228900.0 367 | 5.536,23.6,20.2,237300.0 368 | 5.52,24.56,20.2,258300.0 369 | 4.368,30.63,20.2,184800.0 370 | 5.277,30.81,20.2,151200.0 371 | 4.652,28.28,20.2,220500.0 372 | 5.0,31.99,20.2,155400.0 373 | 4.88,30.62,20.2,214200.0 374 | 5.39,20.85,20.2,241500.0 375 | 5.713,17.11,20.2,317100.0 376 | 6.051,18.76,20.2,487200.0 377 | 5.036,25.68,20.2,203700.0 378 | 6.193,15.17,20.2,289800.0 379 | 5.887,16.35,20.2,266700.0 380 | 6.471,17.12,20.2,275100.0 381 | 6.405,19.37,20.2,262500.0 382 | 5.747,19.92,20.2,178500.0 383 | 5.453,30.59,20.2,105000.0 384 | 5.852,29.97,20.2,132300.0 385 | 5.987,26.77,20.2,117600.0 386 | 6.343,20.32,20.2,151200.0 387 | 6.404,20.31,20.2,254100.0 388 | 5.349,19.77,20.2,174300.0 389 | 5.531,27.38,20.2,178500.0 390 | 5.683,22.98,20.2,105000.0 391 | 4.138,23.34,20.2,249900.0 392 | 5.608,12.13,20.2,585900.0 393 | 5.617,26.4,20.2,361200.0 394 | 6.852,19.78,20.2,577500.0 395 | 5.757,10.11,20.2,315000.0 396 | 6.657,21.22,20.2,361200.0 397 | 4.628,34.37,20.2,375900.0 398 | 5.155,20.08,20.2,342300.0 399 | 4.519,36.98,20.2,147000.0 400 | 6.434,29.05,20.2,151200.0 401 | 6.782,25.79,20.2,157500.0 402 | 5.304,26.64,20.2,218400.0 403 | 5.957,20.62,20.2,184800.0 404 | 6.824,22.74,20.2,176400.0 405 | 6.411,15.02,20.2,350700.0 406 | 6.006,15.7,20.2,298200.0 407 | 5.648,14.1,20.2,436800.0 408 | 6.103,23.29,20.2,281400.0 409 | 5.565,17.16,20.2,245700.0 410 | 5.896,24.39,20.2,174300.0 411 | 5.837,15.69,20.2,214200.0 412 | 6.202,14.52,20.2,228900.0 413 | 6.193,21.52,20.2,231000.0 414 | 6.38,24.08,20.2,199500.0 415 | 6.348,17.64,20.2,304500.0 416 | 6.833,19.69,20.2,296100.0 417 | 6.425,12.03,20.2,338100.0 418 | 6.436,16.22,20.2,300300.0 419 | 6.208,15.17,20.2,245700.0 420 | 6.629,23.27,20.2,281400.0 421 | 6.461,18.05,20.2,201600.0 422 | 6.152,26.45,20.2,182700.0 423 | 5.935,34.02,20.2,176400.0 424 | 5.627,22.88,20.2,268800.0 425 | 5.818,22.11,20.2,220500.0 426 | 6.406,19.52,20.2,359100.0 427 | 6.219,16.59,20.2,386400.0 428 | 6.485,18.85,20.2,323400.0 429 | 5.854,23.79,20.2,226800.0 430 | 6.459,23.98,20.2,247800.0 431 | 6.341,17.79,20.2,312900.0 432 | 6.251,16.44,20.2,264600.0 433 | 6.185,18.13,20.2,296100.0 434 | 6.417,19.31,20.2,273000.0 435 | 6.749,17.44,20.2,281400.0 436 | 6.655,17.73,20.2,319200.0 437 | 6.297,17.27,20.2,338100.0 438 | 7.393,16.74,20.2,373800.0 439 | 6.728,18.71,20.2,312900.0 440 | 6.525,18.13,20.2,296100.0 441 | 5.976,19.01,20.2,266700.0 442 | 5.936,16.94,20.2,283500.0 443 | 6.301,16.23,20.2,312900.0 444 | 6.081,14.7,20.2,420000.0 445 | 6.701,16.42,20.2,344400.0 446 | 6.376,14.65,20.2,371700.0 447 | 6.317,13.99,20.2,409500.0 448 | 6.513,10.29,20.2,424200.0 449 | 6.209,13.22,20.2,449400.0 450 | 5.759,14.13,20.2,417900.0 451 | 5.952,17.15,20.2,399000.0 452 | 6.003,21.32,20.2,401100.0 453 | 5.926,18.13,20.2,401100.0 454 | 5.713,14.76,20.2,422100.0 455 | 6.167,16.29,20.2,417900.0 456 | 6.229,12.87,20.2,411600.0 457 | 6.437,14.36,20.2,487200.0 458 | 6.98,11.66,20.2,625800.0 459 | 5.427,18.14,20.2,289800.0 460 | 6.162,24.1,20.2,279300.0 461 | 6.484,18.68,20.2,350700.0 462 | 5.304,24.91,20.2,252000.0 463 | 6.185,18.03,20.2,306600.0 464 | 6.229,13.11,20.2,449400.0 465 | 6.242,10.74,20.2,483000.0 466 | 6.75,7.74,20.2,497700.0 467 | 7.061,7.01,20.2,525000.0 468 | 5.762,10.42,20.2,457800.0 469 | 5.871,13.34,20.2,432600.0 470 | 6.312,10.58,20.2,445200.0 471 | 6.114,14.98,20.2,401100.0 472 | 5.905,11.45,20.2,432600.0 473 | 5.454,18.06,20.1,319200.0 474 | 5.414,23.97,20.1,147000.0 475 | 5.093,29.68,20.1,170100.0 476 | 5.983,18.07,20.1,285600.0 477 | 5.983,13.35,20.1,422100.0 478 | 5.707,12.01,19.2,457800.0 479 | 5.926,13.59,19.2,514500.0 480 | 5.67,17.6,19.2,485100.0 481 | 5.39,21.14,19.2,413700.0 482 | 5.794,14.1,19.2,384300.0 483 | 6.019,12.92,19.2,445200.0 484 | 5.569,15.1,19.2,367500.0 485 | 6.027,14.33,19.2,352800.0 486 | 6.593,9.67,21.0,470400.0 487 | 6.12,9.08,21.0,432600.0 488 | 6.976,5.64,21.0,501900.0 489 | 6.794,6.48,21.0,462000.0 490 | 6.03,7.88,21.0,249900.0 491 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /customer-segments/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Project 3: Unsupervised Learning 2 | ## Creating Customer Segments 3 | 4 | ### Install 5 | 6 | This project requires **Python 2.7** and the following Python libraries installed: 7 | 8 | - [NumPy](http://www.numpy.org/) 9 | - [Pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org) 10 | - [matplotlib](http://matplotlib.org/) 11 | - [scikit-learn](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/) 12 | 13 | You will also need to have software installed to run and execute an [iPython Notebook](http://ipython.org/notebook.html) 14 | 15 | Udacity recommends our students install [Anaconda](https://www.continuum.io/downloads), i pre-packaged Python distribution that contains all of the necessary libraries and software for this project. 16 | 17 | ### Code 18 | 19 | Template code is provided in the notebook `customer_segments.ipynb` notebook file. Additional supporting code can be found in `renders.py`. While some code has already been implemented to get you started, you will need to implement additional functionality when requested to successfully complete the project. 20 | 21 | ### Run 22 | 23 | In a terminal or command window, navigate to the top-level project directory `creating_customer_segments/` (that contains this README) and run one of the following commands: 24 | 25 | ```ipython notebook customer_segments.ipynb``` 26 | ```jupyter notebook customer_segments.ipynb``` 27 | 28 | This will open the iPython Notebook software and project file in your browser. 29 | 30 | ## Data 31 | 32 | The dataset used in this project is included as `customers.csv`. You can find more information on this dataset on the [UCI Machine Learning Repository](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Wholesale+customers) page. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /customer-segments/customers.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Channel,Region,Fresh,Milk,Grocery,Frozen,Detergents_Paper,Delicatessen 2 | 2,3,12669,9656,7561,214,2674,1338 3 | 2,3,7057,9810,9568,1762,3293,1776 4 | 2,3,6353,8808,7684,2405,3516,7844 5 | 1,3,13265,1196,4221,6404,507,1788 6 | 2,3,22615,5410,7198,3915,1777,5185 7 | 2,3,9413,8259,5126,666,1795,1451 8 | 2,3,12126,3199,6975,480,3140,545 9 | 2,3,7579,4956,9426,1669,3321,2566 10 | 1,3,5963,3648,6192,425,1716,750 11 | 2,3,6006,11093,18881,1159,7425,2098 12 | 2,3,3366,5403,12974,4400,5977,1744 13 | 2,3,13146,1124,4523,1420,549,497 14 | 2,3,31714,12319,11757,287,3881,2931 15 | 2,3,21217,6208,14982,3095,6707,602 16 | 2,3,24653,9465,12091,294,5058,2168 17 | 1,3,10253,1114,3821,397,964,412 18 | 2,3,1020,8816,12121,134,4508,1080 19 | 1,3,5876,6157,2933,839,370,4478 20 | 2,3,18601,6327,10099,2205,2767,3181 21 | 1,3,7780,2495,9464,669,2518,501 22 | 2,3,17546,4519,4602,1066,2259,2124 23 | 1,3,5567,871,2010,3383,375,569 24 | 1,3,31276,1917,4469,9408,2381,4334 25 | 2,3,26373,36423,22019,5154,4337,16523 26 | 2,3,22647,9776,13792,2915,4482,5778 27 | 2,3,16165,4230,7595,201,4003,57 28 | 1,3,9898,961,2861,3151,242,833 29 | 1,3,14276,803,3045,485,100,518 30 | 2,3,4113,20484,25957,1158,8604,5206 31 | 1,3,43088,2100,2609,1200,1107,823 32 | 1,3,18815,3610,11107,1148,2134,2963 33 | 1,3,2612,4339,3133,2088,820,985 34 | 1,3,21632,1318,2886,266,918,405 35 | 1,3,29729,4786,7326,6130,361,1083 36 | 1,3,1502,1979,2262,425,483,395 37 | 2,3,688,5491,11091,833,4239,436 38 | 1,3,29955,4362,5428,1729,862,4626 39 | 2,3,15168,10556,12477,1920,6506,714 40 | 2,3,4591,15729,16709,33,6956,433 41 | 1,3,56159,555,902,10002,212,2916 42 | 1,3,24025,4332,4757,9510,1145,5864 43 | 1,3,19176,3065,5956,2033,2575,2802 44 | 2,3,10850,7555,14961,188,6899,46 45 | 2,3,630,11095,23998,787,9529,72 46 | 2,3,9670,7027,10471,541,4618,65 47 | 2,3,5181,22044,21531,1740,7353,4985 48 | 2,3,3103,14069,21955,1668,6792,1452 49 | 2,3,44466,54259,55571,7782,24171,6465 50 | 2,3,11519,6152,10868,584,5121,1476 51 | 2,3,4967,21412,28921,1798,13583,1163 52 | 1,3,6269,1095,1980,3860,609,2162 53 | 1,3,3347,4051,6996,239,1538,301 54 | 2,3,40721,3916,5876,532,2587,1278 55 | 2,3,491,10473,11532,744,5611,224 56 | 1,3,27329,1449,1947,2436,204,1333 57 | 1,3,5264,3683,5005,1057,2024,1130 58 | 2,3,4098,29892,26866,2616,17740,1340 59 | 2,3,5417,9933,10487,38,7572,1282 60 | 1,3,13779,1970,1648,596,227,436 61 | 1,3,6137,5360,8040,129,3084,1603 62 | 2,3,8590,3045,7854,96,4095,225 63 | 2,3,35942,38369,59598,3254,26701,2017 64 | 2,3,7823,6245,6544,4154,4074,964 65 | 2,3,9396,11601,15775,2896,7677,1295 66 | 1,3,4760,1227,3250,3724,1247,1145 67 | 2,3,85,20959,45828,36,24231,1423 68 | 1,3,9,1534,7417,175,3468,27 69 | 2,3,19913,6759,13462,1256,5141,834 70 | 1,3,2446,7260,3993,5870,788,3095 71 | 1,3,8352,2820,1293,779,656,144 72 | 1,3,16705,2037,3202,10643,116,1365 73 | 1,3,18291,1266,21042,5373,4173,14472 74 | 1,3,4420,5139,2661,8872,1321,181 75 | 2,3,19899,5332,8713,8132,764,648 76 | 2,3,8190,6343,9794,1285,1901,1780 77 | 1,3,20398,1137,3,4407,3,975 78 | 1,3,717,3587,6532,7530,529,894 79 | 2,3,12205,12697,28540,869,12034,1009 80 | 1,3,10766,1175,2067,2096,301,167 81 | 1,3,1640,3259,3655,868,1202,1653 82 | 1,3,7005,829,3009,430,610,529 83 | 2,3,219,9540,14403,283,7818,156 84 | 2,3,10362,9232,11009,737,3537,2342 85 | 1,3,20874,1563,1783,2320,550,772 86 | 2,3,11867,3327,4814,1178,3837,120 87 | 2,3,16117,46197,92780,1026,40827,2944 88 | 2,3,22925,73498,32114,987,20070,903 89 | 1,3,43265,5025,8117,6312,1579,14351 90 | 1,3,7864,542,4042,9735,165,46 91 | 1,3,24904,3836,5330,3443,454,3178 92 | 1,3,11405,596,1638,3347,69,360 93 | 1,3,12754,2762,2530,8693,627,1117 94 | 2,3,9198,27472,32034,3232,18906,5130 95 | 1,3,11314,3090,2062,35009,71,2698 96 | 2,3,5626,12220,11323,206,5038,244 97 | 1,3,3,2920,6252,440,223,709 98 | 2,3,23,2616,8118,145,3874,217 99 | 1,3,403,254,610,774,54,63 100 | 1,3,503,112,778,895,56,132 101 | 1,3,9658,2182,1909,5639,215,323 102 | 2,3,11594,7779,12144,3252,8035,3029 103 | 2,3,1420,10810,16267,1593,6766,1838 104 | 2,3,2932,6459,7677,2561,4573,1386 105 | 1,3,56082,3504,8906,18028,1480,2498 106 | 1,3,14100,2132,3445,1336,1491,548 107 | 1,3,15587,1014,3970,910,139,1378 108 | 2,3,1454,6337,10704,133,6830,1831 109 | 2,3,8797,10646,14886,2471,8969,1438 110 | 2,3,1531,8397,6981,247,2505,1236 111 | 2,3,1406,16729,28986,673,836,3 112 | 1,3,11818,1648,1694,2276,169,1647 113 | 2,3,12579,11114,17569,805,6457,1519 114 | 1,3,19046,2770,2469,8853,483,2708 115 | 1,3,14438,2295,1733,3220,585,1561 116 | 1,3,18044,1080,2000,2555,118,1266 117 | 1,3,11134,793,2988,2715,276,610 118 | 1,3,11173,2521,3355,1517,310,222 119 | 1,3,6990,3880,5380,1647,319,1160 120 | 1,3,20049,1891,2362,5343,411,933 121 | 1,3,8258,2344,2147,3896,266,635 122 | 1,3,17160,1200,3412,2417,174,1136 123 | 1,3,4020,3234,1498,2395,264,255 124 | 1,3,12212,201,245,1991,25,860 125 | 2,3,11170,10769,8814,2194,1976,143 126 | 1,3,36050,1642,2961,4787,500,1621 127 | 1,3,76237,3473,7102,16538,778,918 128 | 1,3,19219,1840,1658,8195,349,483 129 | 2,3,21465,7243,10685,880,2386,2749 130 | 1,3,140,8847,3823,142,1062,3 131 | 1,3,42312,926,1510,1718,410,1819 132 | 1,3,7149,2428,699,6316,395,911 133 | 1,3,2101,589,314,346,70,310 134 | 1,3,14903,2032,2479,576,955,328 135 | 1,3,9434,1042,1235,436,256,396 136 | 1,3,7388,1882,2174,720,47,537 137 | 1,3,6300,1289,2591,1170,199,326 138 | 1,3,4625,8579,7030,4575,2447,1542 139 | 1,3,3087,8080,8282,661,721,36 140 | 1,3,13537,4257,5034,155,249,3271 141 | 1,3,5387,4979,3343,825,637,929 142 | 1,3,17623,4280,7305,2279,960,2616 143 | 1,3,30379,13252,5189,321,51,1450 144 | 1,3,37036,7152,8253,2995,20,3 145 | 1,3,10405,1596,1096,8425,399,318 146 | 1,3,18827,3677,1988,118,516,201 147 | 2,3,22039,8384,34792,42,12591,4430 148 | 1,3,7769,1936,2177,926,73,520 149 | 1,3,9203,3373,2707,1286,1082,526 150 | 1,3,5924,584,542,4052,283,434 151 | 1,3,31812,1433,1651,800,113,1440 152 | 1,3,16225,1825,1765,853,170,1067 153 | 1,3,1289,3328,2022,531,255,1774 154 | 1,3,18840,1371,3135,3001,352,184 155 | 1,3,3463,9250,2368,779,302,1627 156 | 1,3,622,55,137,75,7,8 157 | 2,3,1989,10690,19460,233,11577,2153 158 | 2,3,3830,5291,14855,317,6694,3182 159 | 1,3,17773,1366,2474,3378,811,418 160 | 2,3,2861,6570,9618,930,4004,1682 161 | 2,3,355,7704,14682,398,8077,303 162 | 2,3,1725,3651,12822,824,4424,2157 163 | 1,3,12434,540,283,1092,3,2233 164 | 1,3,15177,2024,3810,2665,232,610 165 | 2,3,5531,15726,26870,2367,13726,446 166 | 2,3,5224,7603,8584,2540,3674,238 167 | 2,3,15615,12653,19858,4425,7108,2379 168 | 2,3,4822,6721,9170,993,4973,3637 169 | 1,3,2926,3195,3268,405,1680,693 170 | 1,3,5809,735,803,1393,79,429 171 | 1,3,5414,717,2155,2399,69,750 172 | 2,3,260,8675,13430,1116,7015,323 173 | 2,3,200,25862,19816,651,8773,6250 174 | 1,3,955,5479,6536,333,2840,707 175 | 2,3,514,7677,19805,937,9836,716 176 | 1,3,286,1208,5241,2515,153,1442 177 | 2,3,2343,7845,11874,52,4196,1697 178 | 1,3,45640,6958,6536,7368,1532,230 179 | 1,3,12759,7330,4533,1752,20,2631 180 | 1,3,11002,7075,4945,1152,120,395 181 | 1,3,3157,4888,2500,4477,273,2165 182 | 1,3,12356,6036,8887,402,1382,2794 183 | 1,3,112151,29627,18148,16745,4948,8550 184 | 1,3,694,8533,10518,443,6907,156 185 | 1,3,36847,43950,20170,36534,239,47943 186 | 1,3,327,918,4710,74,334,11 187 | 1,3,8170,6448,1139,2181,58,247 188 | 1,3,3009,521,854,3470,949,727 189 | 1,3,2438,8002,9819,6269,3459,3 190 | 2,3,8040,7639,11687,2758,6839,404 191 | 2,3,834,11577,11522,275,4027,1856 192 | 1,3,16936,6250,1981,7332,118,64 193 | 1,3,13624,295,1381,890,43,84 194 | 1,3,5509,1461,2251,547,187,409 195 | 2,3,180,3485,20292,959,5618,666 196 | 1,3,7107,1012,2974,806,355,1142 197 | 1,3,17023,5139,5230,7888,330,1755 198 | 1,1,30624,7209,4897,18711,763,2876 199 | 2,1,2427,7097,10391,1127,4314,1468 200 | 1,1,11686,2154,6824,3527,592,697 201 | 1,1,9670,2280,2112,520,402,347 202 | 2,1,3067,13240,23127,3941,9959,731 203 | 2,1,4484,14399,24708,3549,14235,1681 204 | 1,1,25203,11487,9490,5065,284,6854 205 | 1,1,583,685,2216,469,954,18 206 | 1,1,1956,891,5226,1383,5,1328 207 | 2,1,1107,11711,23596,955,9265,710 208 | 1,1,6373,780,950,878,288,285 209 | 2,1,2541,4737,6089,2946,5316,120 210 | 1,1,1537,3748,5838,1859,3381,806 211 | 2,1,5550,12729,16767,864,12420,797 212 | 1,1,18567,1895,1393,1801,244,2100 213 | 2,1,12119,28326,39694,4736,19410,2870 214 | 1,1,7291,1012,2062,1291,240,1775 215 | 1,1,3317,6602,6861,1329,3961,1215 216 | 2,1,2362,6551,11364,913,5957,791 217 | 1,1,2806,10765,15538,1374,5828,2388 218 | 2,1,2532,16599,36486,179,13308,674 219 | 1,1,18044,1475,2046,2532,130,1158 220 | 2,1,18,7504,15205,1285,4797,6372 221 | 1,1,4155,367,1390,2306,86,130 222 | 1,1,14755,899,1382,1765,56,749 223 | 1,1,5396,7503,10646,91,4167,239 224 | 1,1,5041,1115,2856,7496,256,375 225 | 2,1,2790,2527,5265,5612,788,1360 226 | 1,1,7274,659,1499,784,70,659 227 | 1,1,12680,3243,4157,660,761,786 228 | 2,1,20782,5921,9212,1759,2568,1553 229 | 1,1,4042,2204,1563,2286,263,689 230 | 1,1,1869,577,572,950,4762,203 231 | 1,1,8656,2746,2501,6845,694,980 232 | 2,1,11072,5989,5615,8321,955,2137 233 | 1,1,2344,10678,3828,1439,1566,490 234 | 1,1,25962,1780,3838,638,284,834 235 | 1,1,964,4984,3316,937,409,7 236 | 1,1,15603,2703,3833,4260,325,2563 237 | 1,1,1838,6380,2824,1218,1216,295 238 | 1,1,8635,820,3047,2312,415,225 239 | 1,1,18692,3838,593,4634,28,1215 240 | 1,1,7363,475,585,1112,72,216 241 | 1,1,47493,2567,3779,5243,828,2253 242 | 1,1,22096,3575,7041,11422,343,2564 243 | 1,1,24929,1801,2475,2216,412,1047 244 | 1,1,18226,659,2914,3752,586,578 245 | 1,1,11210,3576,5119,561,1682,2398 246 | 1,1,6202,7775,10817,1183,3143,1970 247 | 2,1,3062,6154,13916,230,8933,2784 248 | 1,1,8885,2428,1777,1777,430,610 249 | 1,1,13569,346,489,2077,44,659 250 | 1,1,15671,5279,2406,559,562,572 251 | 1,1,8040,3795,2070,6340,918,291 252 | 1,1,3191,1993,1799,1730,234,710 253 | 2,1,6134,23133,33586,6746,18594,5121 254 | 1,1,6623,1860,4740,7683,205,1693 255 | 1,1,29526,7961,16966,432,363,1391 256 | 1,1,10379,17972,4748,4686,1547,3265 257 | 1,1,31614,489,1495,3242,111,615 258 | 1,1,11092,5008,5249,453,392,373 259 | 1,1,8475,1931,1883,5004,3593,987 260 | 1,1,56083,4563,2124,6422,730,3321 261 | 1,1,53205,4959,7336,3012,967,818 262 | 1,1,9193,4885,2157,327,780,548 263 | 1,1,7858,1110,1094,6818,49,287 264 | 1,1,23257,1372,1677,982,429,655 265 | 1,1,2153,1115,6684,4324,2894,411 266 | 2,1,1073,9679,15445,61,5980,1265 267 | 1,1,5909,23527,13699,10155,830,3636 268 | 2,1,572,9763,22182,2221,4882,2563 269 | 1,1,20893,1222,2576,3975,737,3628 270 | 2,1,11908,8053,19847,1069,6374,698 271 | 1,1,15218,258,1138,2516,333,204 272 | 1,1,4720,1032,975,5500,197,56 273 | 1,1,2083,5007,1563,1120,147,1550 274 | 1,1,514,8323,6869,529,93,1040 275 | 1,3,36817,3045,1493,4802,210,1824 276 | 1,3,894,1703,1841,744,759,1153 277 | 1,3,680,1610,223,862,96,379 278 | 1,3,27901,3749,6964,4479,603,2503 279 | 1,3,9061,829,683,16919,621,139 280 | 1,3,11693,2317,2543,5845,274,1409 281 | 2,3,17360,6200,9694,1293,3620,1721 282 | 1,3,3366,2884,2431,977,167,1104 283 | 2,3,12238,7108,6235,1093,2328,2079 284 | 1,3,49063,3965,4252,5970,1041,1404 285 | 1,3,25767,3613,2013,10303,314,1384 286 | 1,3,68951,4411,12609,8692,751,2406 287 | 1,3,40254,640,3600,1042,436,18 288 | 1,3,7149,2247,1242,1619,1226,128 289 | 1,3,15354,2102,2828,8366,386,1027 290 | 1,3,16260,594,1296,848,445,258 291 | 1,3,42786,286,471,1388,32,22 292 | 1,3,2708,2160,2642,502,965,1522 293 | 1,3,6022,3354,3261,2507,212,686 294 | 1,3,2838,3086,4329,3838,825,1060 295 | 2,2,3996,11103,12469,902,5952,741 296 | 1,2,21273,2013,6550,909,811,1854 297 | 2,2,7588,1897,5234,417,2208,254 298 | 1,2,19087,1304,3643,3045,710,898 299 | 2,2,8090,3199,6986,1455,3712,531 300 | 2,2,6758,4560,9965,934,4538,1037 301 | 1,2,444,879,2060,264,290,259 302 | 2,2,16448,6243,6360,824,2662,2005 303 | 2,2,5283,13316,20399,1809,8752,172 304 | 2,2,2886,5302,9785,364,6236,555 305 | 2,2,2599,3688,13829,492,10069,59 306 | 2,2,161,7460,24773,617,11783,2410 307 | 2,2,243,12939,8852,799,3909,211 308 | 2,2,6468,12867,21570,1840,7558,1543 309 | 1,2,17327,2374,2842,1149,351,925 310 | 1,2,6987,1020,3007,416,257,656 311 | 2,2,918,20655,13567,1465,6846,806 312 | 1,2,7034,1492,2405,12569,299,1117 313 | 1,2,29635,2335,8280,3046,371,117 314 | 2,2,2137,3737,19172,1274,17120,142 315 | 1,2,9784,925,2405,4447,183,297 316 | 1,2,10617,1795,7647,1483,857,1233 317 | 2,2,1479,14982,11924,662,3891,3508 318 | 1,2,7127,1375,2201,2679,83,1059 319 | 1,2,1182,3088,6114,978,821,1637 320 | 1,2,11800,2713,3558,2121,706,51 321 | 2,2,9759,25071,17645,1128,12408,1625 322 | 1,2,1774,3696,2280,514,275,834 323 | 1,2,9155,1897,5167,2714,228,1113 324 | 1,2,15881,713,3315,3703,1470,229 325 | 1,2,13360,944,11593,915,1679,573 326 | 1,2,25977,3587,2464,2369,140,1092 327 | 1,2,32717,16784,13626,60869,1272,5609 328 | 1,2,4414,1610,1431,3498,387,834 329 | 1,2,542,899,1664,414,88,522 330 | 1,2,16933,2209,3389,7849,210,1534 331 | 1,2,5113,1486,4583,5127,492,739 332 | 1,2,9790,1786,5109,3570,182,1043 333 | 2,2,11223,14881,26839,1234,9606,1102 334 | 1,2,22321,3216,1447,2208,178,2602 335 | 2,2,8565,4980,67298,131,38102,1215 336 | 2,2,16823,928,2743,11559,332,3486 337 | 2,2,27082,6817,10790,1365,4111,2139 338 | 1,2,13970,1511,1330,650,146,778 339 | 1,2,9351,1347,2611,8170,442,868 340 | 1,2,3,333,7021,15601,15,550 341 | 1,2,2617,1188,5332,9584,573,1942 342 | 2,3,381,4025,9670,388,7271,1371 343 | 2,3,2320,5763,11238,767,5162,2158 344 | 1,3,255,5758,5923,349,4595,1328 345 | 2,3,1689,6964,26316,1456,15469,37 346 | 1,3,3043,1172,1763,2234,217,379 347 | 1,3,1198,2602,8335,402,3843,303 348 | 2,3,2771,6939,15541,2693,6600,1115 349 | 2,3,27380,7184,12311,2809,4621,1022 350 | 1,3,3428,2380,2028,1341,1184,665 351 | 2,3,5981,14641,20521,2005,12218,445 352 | 1,3,3521,1099,1997,1796,173,995 353 | 2,3,1210,10044,22294,1741,12638,3137 354 | 1,3,608,1106,1533,830,90,195 355 | 2,3,117,6264,21203,228,8682,1111 356 | 1,3,14039,7393,2548,6386,1333,2341 357 | 1,3,190,727,2012,245,184,127 358 | 1,3,22686,134,218,3157,9,548 359 | 2,3,37,1275,22272,137,6747,110 360 | 1,3,759,18664,1660,6114,536,4100 361 | 1,3,796,5878,2109,340,232,776 362 | 1,3,19746,2872,2006,2601,468,503 363 | 1,3,4734,607,864,1206,159,405 364 | 1,3,2121,1601,2453,560,179,712 365 | 1,3,4627,997,4438,191,1335,314 366 | 1,3,2615,873,1524,1103,514,468 367 | 2,3,4692,6128,8025,1619,4515,3105 368 | 1,3,9561,2217,1664,1173,222,447 369 | 1,3,3477,894,534,1457,252,342 370 | 1,3,22335,1196,2406,2046,101,558 371 | 1,3,6211,337,683,1089,41,296 372 | 2,3,39679,3944,4955,1364,523,2235 373 | 1,3,20105,1887,1939,8164,716,790 374 | 1,3,3884,3801,1641,876,397,4829 375 | 2,3,15076,6257,7398,1504,1916,3113 376 | 1,3,6338,2256,1668,1492,311,686 377 | 1,3,5841,1450,1162,597,476,70 378 | 2,3,3136,8630,13586,5641,4666,1426 379 | 1,3,38793,3154,2648,1034,96,1242 380 | 1,3,3225,3294,1902,282,68,1114 381 | 2,3,4048,5164,10391,130,813,179 382 | 1,3,28257,944,2146,3881,600,270 383 | 1,3,17770,4591,1617,9927,246,532 384 | 1,3,34454,7435,8469,2540,1711,2893 385 | 1,3,1821,1364,3450,4006,397,361 386 | 1,3,10683,21858,15400,3635,282,5120 387 | 1,3,11635,922,1614,2583,192,1068 388 | 1,3,1206,3620,2857,1945,353,967 389 | 1,3,20918,1916,1573,1960,231,961 390 | 1,3,9785,848,1172,1677,200,406 391 | 1,3,9385,1530,1422,3019,227,684 392 | 1,3,3352,1181,1328,5502,311,1000 393 | 1,3,2647,2761,2313,907,95,1827 394 | 1,3,518,4180,3600,659,122,654 395 | 1,3,23632,6730,3842,8620,385,819 396 | 1,3,12377,865,3204,1398,149,452 397 | 1,3,9602,1316,1263,2921,841,290 398 | 2,3,4515,11991,9345,2644,3378,2213 399 | 1,3,11535,1666,1428,6838,64,743 400 | 1,3,11442,1032,582,5390,74,247 401 | 1,3,9612,577,935,1601,469,375 402 | 1,3,4446,906,1238,3576,153,1014 403 | 1,3,27167,2801,2128,13223,92,1902 404 | 1,3,26539,4753,5091,220,10,340 405 | 1,3,25606,11006,4604,127,632,288 406 | 1,3,18073,4613,3444,4324,914,715 407 | 1,3,6884,1046,1167,2069,593,378 408 | 1,3,25066,5010,5026,9806,1092,960 409 | 2,3,7362,12844,18683,2854,7883,553 410 | 2,3,8257,3880,6407,1646,2730,344 411 | 1,3,8708,3634,6100,2349,2123,5137 412 | 1,3,6633,2096,4563,1389,1860,1892 413 | 1,3,2126,3289,3281,1535,235,4365 414 | 1,3,97,3605,12400,98,2970,62 415 | 1,3,4983,4859,6633,17866,912,2435 416 | 1,3,5969,1990,3417,5679,1135,290 417 | 2,3,7842,6046,8552,1691,3540,1874 418 | 2,3,4389,10940,10908,848,6728,993 419 | 1,3,5065,5499,11055,364,3485,1063 420 | 2,3,660,8494,18622,133,6740,776 421 | 1,3,8861,3783,2223,633,1580,1521 422 | 1,3,4456,5266,13227,25,6818,1393 423 | 2,3,17063,4847,9053,1031,3415,1784 424 | 1,3,26400,1377,4172,830,948,1218 425 | 2,3,17565,3686,4657,1059,1803,668 426 | 2,3,16980,2884,12232,874,3213,249 427 | 1,3,11243,2408,2593,15348,108,1886 428 | 1,3,13134,9347,14316,3141,5079,1894 429 | 1,3,31012,16687,5429,15082,439,1163 430 | 1,3,3047,5970,4910,2198,850,317 431 | 1,3,8607,1750,3580,47,84,2501 432 | 1,3,3097,4230,16483,575,241,2080 433 | 1,3,8533,5506,5160,13486,1377,1498 434 | 1,3,21117,1162,4754,269,1328,395 435 | 1,3,1982,3218,1493,1541,356,1449 436 | 1,3,16731,3922,7994,688,2371,838 437 | 1,3,29703,12051,16027,13135,182,2204 438 | 1,3,39228,1431,764,4510,93,2346 439 | 2,3,14531,15488,30243,437,14841,1867 440 | 1,3,10290,1981,2232,1038,168,2125 441 | 1,3,2787,1698,2510,65,477,52 442 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /customer-segments/renders.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 2 | import matplotlib.cm as cm 3 | import pandas as pd 4 | import numpy as np 5 | from sklearn.decomposition import pca 6 | 7 | def pca_results(good_data, pca): 8 | ''' 9 | Create a DataFrame of the PCA results 10 | Includes dimension feature weights and explained variance 11 | Visualizes the PCA results 12 | ''' 13 | 14 | # Dimension indexing 15 | dimensions = dimensions = ['Dimension {}'.format(i) for i in range(1,len(pca.components_)+1)] 16 | 17 | # PCA components 18 | components = pd.DataFrame(np.round(pca.components_, 4), columns = good_data.keys()) 19 | components.index = dimensions 20 | 21 | # PCA explained variance 22 | ratios = pca.explained_variance_ratio_.reshape(len(pca.components_), 1) 23 | variance_ratios = pd.DataFrame(np.round(ratios, 4), columns = ['Explained Variance']) 24 | variance_ratios.index = dimensions 25 | 26 | # Create a bar plot visualization 27 | fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (14,8)) 28 | 29 | # Plot the feature weights as a function of the components 30 | components.plot(ax = ax, kind = 'bar'); 31 | ax.set_ylabel("Feature Weights") 32 | ax.set_xticklabels(dimensions, rotation=0) 33 | 34 | 35 | # Display the explained variance ratios 36 | for i, ev in enumerate(pca.explained_variance_ratio_): 37 | ax.text(i-0.40, ax.get_ylim()[1] + 0.05, "Explained Variance\n %.4f"%(ev)) 38 | 39 | # Return a concatenated DataFrame 40 | return pd.concat([variance_ratios, components], axis = 1) 41 | 42 | def cluster_results(reduced_data, preds, centers, pca_samples): 43 | ''' 44 | Visualizes the PCA-reduced cluster data in two dimensions 45 | Adds cues for cluster centers and student-selected sample data 46 | ''' 47 | 48 | predictions = pd.DataFrame(preds, columns = ['Cluster']) 49 | plot_data = pd.concat([predictions, reduced_data], axis = 1) 50 | 51 | # Generate the cluster plot 52 | fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (14,8)) 53 | 54 | # Color map 55 | cmap = cm.get_cmap('gist_rainbow') 56 | 57 | # Color the points based on assigned cluster 58 | for i, cluster in plot_data.groupby('Cluster'): 59 | cluster.plot(ax = ax, kind = 'scatter', x = 'Dimension 1', y = 'Dimension 2', \ 60 | color = cmap((i)*1.0/(len(centers)-1)), label = 'Cluster %i'%(i), s=30); 61 | 62 | # Plot centers with indicators 63 | for i, c in enumerate(centers): 64 | ax.scatter(x = c[0], y = c[1], color = 'white', edgecolors = 'black', \ 65 | alpha = 1, linewidth = 2, marker = 'o', s=200); 66 | ax.scatter(x = c[0], y = c[1], marker='$%d$'%(i), alpha = 1, s=100); 67 | 68 | # Plot transformed sample points 69 | ax.scatter(x = pca_samples[:,0], y = pca_samples[:,1], \ 70 | s = 150, linewidth = 4, color = 'black', marker = 'x'); 71 | 72 | # Set plot title 73 | ax.set_title("Cluster Learning on PCA-Reduced Data - Centroids Marked by Number\nTransformed Sample Data Marked by Black Cross"); 74 | 75 | 76 | def channel_results(reduced_data, outliers, pca_samples): 77 | ''' 78 | Visualizes the PCA-reduced cluster data in two dimensions using the full dataset 79 | Data is labeled by "Channel" and cues added for student-selected sample data 80 | ''' 81 | 82 | # Check that the dataset is loadable 83 | try: 84 | full_data = pd.read_csv("customers.csv") 85 | except: 86 | print "Dataset could not be loaded. Is the file missing?" 87 | return False 88 | 89 | # Create the Channel DataFrame 90 | channel = pd.DataFrame(full_data['Channel'], columns = ['Channel']) 91 | channel = channel.drop(channel.index[outliers]).reset_index(drop = True) 92 | labeled = pd.concat([reduced_data, channel], axis = 1) 93 | 94 | # Generate the cluster plot 95 | fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (14,8)) 96 | 97 | # Color map 98 | cmap = cm.get_cmap('gist_rainbow') 99 | 100 | # Color the points based on assigned Channel 101 | labels = ['Hotel/Restaurant/Cafe', 'Retailer'] 102 | grouped = labeled.groupby('Channel') 103 | for i, channel in grouped: 104 | channel.plot(ax = ax, kind = 'scatter', x = 'Dimension 1', y = 'Dimension 2', \ 105 | color = cmap((i-1)*1.0/2), label = labels[i-1], s=30); 106 | 107 | # Plot transformed sample points 108 | for i, sample in enumerate(pca_samples): 109 | ax.scatter(x = sample[0], y = sample[1], \ 110 | s = 200, linewidth = 3, color = 'black', marker = 'o', facecolors = 'none'); 111 | ax.scatter(x = sample[0]+0.25, y = sample[1]+0.3, marker='$%d$'%(i), alpha = 1, s=125); 112 | 113 | # Set plot title 114 | ax.set_title("PCA-Reduced Data Labeled by 'Channel'\nTransformed Sample Data Circled"); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /customer-segments/renders.pyc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/customer-segments/renders.pyc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Project 4: Reinforcement Learning 2 | ## Train a Smartcab How to Drive 3 | 4 | ### Install 5 | 6 | This project requires **Python 2.7** with the [pygame](https://www.pygame.org/wiki/GettingStarted 7 | ) library installed 8 | 9 | ### Code 10 | 11 | Template code is provided in the `smartcab/agent.py` python file. Additional supporting python code can be found in `smartcab/enviroment.py`, `smartcab/planner.py`, and `smartcab/simulator.py`. Supporting images for the graphical user interface can be found in the `images` folder. While some code has already been implemented to get you started, you will need to implement additional functionality for the `LearningAgent` class in `agent.py` when requested to successfully complete the project. 12 | 13 | ### Run 14 | 15 | In a terminal or command window, navigate to the top-level project directory `smartcab/` (that contains this README) and run one of the following commands: 16 | 17 | ```python smartcab/agent.py``` 18 | ```python -m smartcab.agent``` 19 | 20 | This will run the `agent.py` file and execute your agent code. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/SmartCabReport.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # SmartCab Reinforcement Learning Report 2 | 3 | ### QUESTION: Observe what you see with the agent's behavior as it takes random actions. Does the smart cab eventually make it to the destination? Are there any other interesting observations to note? 4 | 5 | When taking turns randomly, the car does not reliably reach its destination. Sometimes it gets lucky, but it usually runs out of turns before successfully reaching the destination. After watching the visual simulation in Pygame, it appears rare for the car to encounter traffic from the left or right. These inputs are unlikely to be useful when implementing the learning algorithm. 6 | 7 | After running 100 iterations (enforce_deadline=True) of the trial with random actions, only 18 (18%) reached the destination. 8 | 9 | ### QUESTION: What states have you identified that are appropriate for modeling the smart cab and environment? Why do you believe each of these states to be appropriate for this problem? 10 | 11 | I set the state to a tuple with the with the indices representing Light, Waypoint, and Oncoming traffic. In total, this provides 96 possible combinations for the state. I chose this pattern because it maximizes information while minimizing complexity. It also accounts for all reasonable traffic laws and collision avoidance in the environment. 12 | 13 | I could have added right traffic to the tuple to bring it to 384 possible combinations. However, in the United States oncoming traffic from the right would not cause an issue for driver, so this has been left out. I should also note that Deadline was left out because it would increase the number of states beyond a reasonable number. Adding a deadline or right traffic would cause the model to suffer from the Curse of Dimensionality. 14 | 15 | `example_state = ( light, waypoint, oncoming, left ) 16 | >>> ('red', 'left', None, None)` 17 | 18 | - Light: Necessary for training the cab to obey traffic rules. 19 | - Waypoint: Necessary for providing a general sense of direction. I imagine this input like a passenger in the back seat giving left/right/forward directions to the driver. Without this data, the driver would still be randomly searching for the endpoint. 20 | - Oncoming Traffic: Necessary for avoiding traffic accidents. Of the three traffic inputs, oncoming appears to contain the most information. 21 | - Left Traffic: Necessary for obeying right of way rules. Oncoming traffic to the left would have the right of way in this scenario. 22 | 23 | 24 | ### OPTIONAL: How many states in total exist for the smart cab in this environment? Does this number seem reasonable given that the goal of Q-Learning is to learn and make informed decisions about each state? Why or why not? 25 | 26 | Total features can be determined by multiplying the total count of possible values from each input. 27 | 28 | inputs = light(2), waypoint(3), oncoming(4), left(4), right(4) 29 | 30 | With the inputs above, possible state combinations are 2x3x4x4x4 = 384. 31 | 32 | If you add another state for each number of turns left in deadline(50), possible states go up to 19,200. 33 | 34 | With 100 turns to learn, 19,200 is not reasonable. The driver would not enter many of the possible states during the course of the trials. Most of this information should be consolidated into a simplified structure. 35 | 36 | 37 | ### QUESTION: What changes do you notice in the agent's behavior when compared to the basic driving agent when random actions were always taken? Why is this behavior occurring? 38 | 39 | Updating the Q table with the current reward value creates a much more effective driver. The algorithm does not consider the impact of future moves, but it still has a much higher success rate compared to complete randomness. Visually, the smartcab appears to be more patient and deliberate with its actions. It drives in straight lines and is not afraid to wait at traffic lights. After 100 trials, the driver failed to reach the destination only 10 times for a 90% success rate. 40 | 41 | ### QUESTION: Report the different values for the parameters tuned in your basic implementation of Q-Learning. For which set of parameters does the agent perform best? How well does the final driving agent perform? 42 | 43 | - α (alpha) is the learning rate. A higher alpha value will make the algorithm more sensitive to changes in rewards. 44 | - γ (gamma) is the discount rate on future rewards. A higher gamma will make the algorithm more sensitive to rewards from future actions. 45 | - ε (epsilon) is the exploration rate. A higher epsilon will cause the algorithm to make more random choices. 46 | - λ (lambda/decay) is the decay constant to reduce epsilon for (K) number of trials. A higher lambda will cause epsilon to decay faster, reducing randomness earlier in the trial run. 47 | 48 | I ran experiments with the tuning parameters listed below. Each experiment ran with 100 trials. 49 | 50 | **α=0.3, γ=0.3, ε=1.0, λ=0.01** (Random/Explorer Learner) 51 | 52 | The parameters above are designed to create a random explorer. At the beginning, the model will be almost completely random, gradually decaying by 1% each turn. This policy resulted in a 46 failed runs, or a success rate of 54%. This is an improvement, but I suspect the slow decay rate of epsilon is causing the algorithm too behave with too much randomness. 53 | 54 | **α=0.5, γ=0.5, ε=1.0, λ=0.1** (Balanced Learner) 55 | 56 | For the second trial run, the epsilon decay rate was increased to 10% per trial. This combination eliminates much of the randomness in the previous example. For instance, the model from 100% random at turn 0, to 31% random by turn 10, and 0.4% by turn 50, and so on. In terms of learning, it puts an equal weight on the current action reward and the future action reward. 57 | 58 | The failed runs were reduced to only 16, for a total success rate of 84%. The balanced learner puts the same amount of weight on the reward in the current move as it does for the future move. 59 | 60 | **α=0.8, γ=0.2, ε=0.8, λ=0.1** (Short-Term/Greedy Learner) WINNER 61 | 62 | The lowered epsilon value makes this a greedy combination that does make exploratory moves often. The alpha was increased to put a heavier weight on new information, while the gamma was decreased to make future rewards less import to the driver. 63 | 64 | Short term learning worked well, with only 4 failed runs or a 96% success rate. Comparatively, this combination leads to a policy with more negative Q value rewards, or discouragement from performing bad moves. Overall, the Short-Term/Greedy Learner appears to the optimal policy for the smart cab problem. 65 | 66 | **α=0.2, γ=0.8, ε=0.8, λ=0.1** (Long-Term/Greedy Learner) 67 | 68 | To test the relationship between alpha and gamma, I left the epsilon values unchanged for this trial run. The learning rate was decreased to make it harder to change established values, while gamma was increased to put a higher weight on future rewards. This model should be more farsighted and not as 69 | 70 | This policy leads to larger positive Q values, or encouragement for successful moves. It failed 13 runs, for a 87% success rate. By the end of the 100 trials, this policy was still receiving frequent negative rewards because it failed to recognize issues or opportunities in the current state. 71 | 72 | ### QUESTION: Does your agent get close to finding an optimal policy, i.e. reach the destination in the minimum possible time, and not incur any penalties? How would you describe an optimal policy for this problem? 73 | 74 | The optimal policy turned out to **Short-Term/Greedy** strategy. 75 | 76 | Towards the end of the 100 trials, the agent is far less likely fail and the total reward received was always greater than 0. Most failed runs are found within the first 20 attempts. In fact, it is common for the driver to avoid all negative rewards during many of the later trials, which is optimal behavior. 77 | 78 | The agent learns very quickly with the input states provided, which leads me to believe that a short term policy is optimal. It only takes about 5 to 10 turns for the Q table to be filled with effective knowledge about the most common turns. There does not appear to be any intricate patters between the states that justify a more complex model. In other words, the learning rate (α) should be high, while the gamma (γ) and epsilon (ε) should be low. This combination will force the algorithm to weigh its decisions mostly on the current move. Only during times when the next move has a significant reward will the resulting action be influenced. 79 | 80 | The sample of results below show the difference between the rewards received on trials 1, 10, 50, and 100. The mean reward received gradually increases with the number of trials and negative rewards become less common. 81 | 82 | **Trial 1 Rewards** 83 | 84 | Mean: -0.125 85 | Min: -1.0 86 | Max: 2.0 87 | 88 | **Trial 10 Rewards** 89 | 90 | Mean: 0.71 91 | Min: -1.0 92 | Max: 2.0 93 | 94 | **Trial 50 Rewards** 95 | 96 | Mean: 1.43 97 | Min: 0.0 98 | Max: 2.0 99 | 100 | **Trial 100 Rewards** 101 | 102 | Mean: 1.64 103 | Min: 0.0 104 | Max: 2.0 105 | 106 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/SmartCabReport.pdf: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/smartcab/SmartCabReport.pdf -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/__init__.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/smartcab/smartcab/__init__.py -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/agent_original.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import random 2 | from environment import Agent, Environment 3 | from planner import RoutePlanner 4 | from simulator import Simulator 5 | 6 | class LearningAgent(Agent): 7 | """An agent that learns to drive in the smartcab world.""" 8 | 9 | def __init__(self, env): 10 | super(LearningAgent, self).__init__(env) # sets self.env = env, state = None, next_waypoint = None, and a default color 11 | self.color = 'red' # override color 12 | self.planner = RoutePlanner(self.env, self) # simple route planner to get next_waypoint 13 | # TODO: Initialize any additional variables here 14 | 15 | def reset(self, destination=None): 16 | self.planner.route_to(destination) 17 | # TODO: Prepare for a new trip; reset any variables here, if required 18 | 19 | def update(self, t): 20 | # Gather inputs 21 | self.next_waypoint = self.planner.next_waypoint() # from route planner, also displayed by simulator 22 | inputs = self.env.sense(self) 23 | deadline = self.env.get_deadline(self) 24 | 25 | # TODO: Update state 26 | 27 | # TODO: Select action according to your policy 28 | action = None 29 | 30 | # Execute action and get reward 31 | reward = self.env.act(self, action) 32 | 33 | # TODO: Learn policy based on state, action, reward 34 | 35 | print "LearningAgent.update(): deadline = {}, inputs = {}, action = {}, reward = {}".format(deadline, inputs, action, reward) # [debug] 36 | 37 | 38 | def run(): 39 | """Run the agent for a finite number of trials.""" 40 | 41 | # Set up environment and agent 42 | e = Environment() # create environment (also adds some dummy traffic) 43 | a = e.create_agent(LearningAgent) # create agent 44 | e.set_primary_agent(a, enforce_deadline=True) # specify agent to track 45 | # NOTE: You can set enforce_deadline=False while debugging to allow longer trials 46 | 47 | # Now simulate it 48 | sim = Simulator(e, update_delay=0.5, display=True) # create simulator (uses pygame when display=True, if available) 49 | # NOTE: To speed up simulation, reduce update_delay and/or set display=False 50 | 51 | sim.run(n_trials=100) # run for a specified number of trials 52 | # NOTE: To quit midway, press Esc or close pygame window, or hit Ctrl+C on the command-line 53 | 54 | 55 | if __name__ == '__main__': 56 | run() 57 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/agent_smart.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import random 2 | import pandas as pd 3 | import numpy as np 4 | import itertools 5 | from environment import Agent, Environment 6 | from planner import RoutePlanner 7 | from simulator import Simulator 8 | 9 | class LearningAgent(Agent): 10 | """An agent that learns to drive in the smartcab world.""" 11 | 12 | def __init__(self, env): 13 | super(LearningAgent, self).__init__(env) # sets self.env = env, state = None, next_waypoint = None, and a default color 14 | self.color = 'red' # override color 15 | self.planner = RoutePlanner(self.env, self) # simple route planner to get next_waypoint 16 | 17 | self.actions = Environment.valid_actions # All possible actions 18 | self.states = self.list_valid_actions() # All possible states 19 | self.q_table = self.init_q_table() # Q Table with zeros 20 | 21 | # Tuning Parameters 22 | self.alpha = 0.8 # learning rate 1=sensitive, 0=insensitive 23 | self.gamma = 0.2 # discount rate 1=long_term, 0=short_term 24 | self.epsilon = 0.8 # exploration rate 1=random, 0=specific 25 | self.decay = 0.1 # decay rate of epsilon 1=faster, 0=slower 26 | 27 | # Data logged for debugging/analysis 28 | self.n_trials = 0 29 | self.review = pd.DataFrame(columns=['trial', 'deadline', 'reward']) 30 | 31 | def reset(self, destination=None): 32 | self.planner.route_to(destination) 33 | self.n_trials += 1 34 | self.epsilon = self.epsilon * (1 - self.decay) 35 | self.debug() # debug helper 36 | 37 | def update(self, t): 38 | # Gather inputs 39 | self.next_waypoint = self.planner.next_waypoint() # from route planner, also displayed by simulator 40 | inputs = self.env.sense(self) 41 | deadline = self.env.get_deadline(self) 42 | 43 | # Update state 44 | self.state = (inputs['light'], self.planner.next_waypoint(), inputs['oncoming'], inputs['left']) 45 | 46 | # Select action according to your policy 47 | action = self.choose_action(self.state) 48 | 49 | # Execute action and get reward 50 | reward = self.env.act(self, action) 51 | 52 | # Learn policy based on state, action, reward 53 | self.learn(self.state, action, reward) 54 | 55 | # Collect for each turn debugging/analysis 56 | review_df = pd.DataFrame([[self.n_trials, deadline, reward]], columns=['trial', 'deadline', 'reward']) 57 | self.review = self.review.append(review_df) 58 | 59 | print "LearningAgent.update(): deadline = {}, inputs = {}, action = {}, reward = {}".format(deadline, inputs, action, reward) # [debug] 60 | 61 | def list_valid_actions(self): 62 | # Create a list of all possible state combinations 63 | light_states = ['red', 'green'] 64 | waypoint_states = self.actions 65 | oncoming_states = Environment.valid_inputs['oncoming'] 66 | left_states = Environment.valid_inputs['oncoming'] 67 | arr = [light_states, waypoint_states, oncoming_states, left_states] 68 | possible_combos = list(itertools.product(*arr)) 69 | return possible_combos 70 | 71 | 72 | def init_q_table(self): 73 | # Create a pandas dataframe for the Q Table and initilize with all zeros 74 | shape = (len(self.states), len(self.actions)) 75 | zeros = np.zeros(shape, dtype=float) 76 | index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(self.states, names=['light', 'waypoint', 'oncoming', 'left']) 77 | q_table = pd.DataFrame(zeros, index=index, columns=self.actions) 78 | return q_table 79 | 80 | def get_q_values(self, state): 81 | # Helper method to return a series of values from the Q Table 82 | light, waypoint = state[0], state[1] 83 | oncoming = state[2] or np.nan # convert None to NaN 84 | left = state[3] or np.nan 85 | series = self.q_table.loc[(light, waypoint, oncoming, left)] 86 | return series 87 | 88 | def random_action(self): 89 | # Helper method to perform a random action 90 | return random.choice(self.actions) 91 | 92 | def choose_action(self, state): 93 | # Select the state index in the Q Table, then get max Q Values 94 | state = self.state 95 | q_values = self.get_q_values(state) 96 | q_max = q_values.values.max() 97 | 98 | if (self.epsilon ) > random.random(): 99 | # Choose a random action if epsilon is greater than random value 100 | action = self.random_action() 101 | else: 102 | # Select best action (use random choice to break ties) 103 | best_actions = q_values[q_values == q_max] 104 | action = random.choice(best_actions.index) 105 | return action 106 | 107 | def learn(self, state, action, reward): 108 | # Query the current q value for state/action pair 109 | q_values = self.get_q_values(state) 110 | q_current = q_values[action] 111 | 112 | # Get the max Q value in the next state 113 | inputs = self.env.sense(self) 114 | next_state = (inputs['light'], self.planner.next_waypoint(), inputs['oncoming'], inputs['left']) 115 | q_values_next = self.get_q_values(next_state) 116 | q_max_next = q_values_next.values.max() 117 | 118 | # Update Q table for the action taken using the Q formula 119 | q = q_current + self.alpha * ( reward + (self.gamma * q_max_next) - q_current) 120 | q_values.loc[action] = q.round(5) 121 | 122 | def debug(self): 123 | print ("Epsilon ---> ", self.epsilon) 124 | print(self.q_table) 125 | reward = self.review[self.review['trial'] == self.n_trials-1].reward 126 | print("Mean --> ", reward.mean()) 127 | print("Min --> ", reward.min()) 128 | print("Max --> ", reward.max()) 129 | 130 | def run(): 131 | """Run the agent for a finite number of trials.""" 132 | 133 | # Set up environment and agent 134 | e = Environment() # create environment (also adds some dummy traffic) 135 | a = e.create_agent(LearningAgent) # create agent 136 | e.set_primary_agent(a, enforce_deadline=True) # specify agent to track 137 | # NOTE: You can set enforce_deadline=False while debugging to allow longer trials 138 | 139 | # Now simulate it 140 | sim = Simulator(e, update_delay=0.01, display=False) # create simulator (uses pygame when display=True, if available) 141 | # NOTE: To speed up simulation, reduce update_delay and/or set display=False 142 | 143 | sim.run(n_trials=100) # run for a specified number of trials 144 | # NOTE: To quit midway, press Esc or close pygame window, or hit Ctrl+C on the command-line 145 | 146 | 147 | if __name__ == '__main__': 148 | run() 149 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/environment.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import time 2 | import random 3 | from collections import OrderedDict 4 | 5 | from simulator import Simulator 6 | 7 | class TrafficLight(object): 8 | """A traffic light that switches periodically.""" 9 | 10 | valid_states = [True, False] # True = NS open, False = EW open 11 | 12 | def __init__(self, state=None, period=None): 13 | self.state = state if state is not None else random.choice(self.valid_states) 14 | self.period = period if period is not None else random.choice([3, 4, 5]) 15 | self.last_updated = 0 16 | 17 | def reset(self): 18 | self.last_updated = 0 19 | 20 | def update(self, t): 21 | if t - self.last_updated >= self.period: 22 | self.state = not self.state # assuming state is boolean 23 | self.last_updated = t 24 | 25 | 26 | class Environment(object): 27 | """Environment within which all agents operate.""" 28 | 29 | valid_actions = [None, 'forward', 'left', 'right'] 30 | valid_inputs = {'light': TrafficLight.valid_states, 'oncoming': valid_actions, 'left': valid_actions, 'right': valid_actions} 31 | valid_headings = [(1, 0), (0, -1), (-1, 0), (0, 1)] # ENWS 32 | hard_time_limit = -100 # even if enforce_deadline is False, end trial when deadline reaches this value (to avoid deadlocks) 33 | 34 | def __init__(self): 35 | self.done = False 36 | self.t = 0 37 | self.agent_states = OrderedDict() 38 | self.status_text = "" 39 | 40 | # Road network 41 | self.grid_size = (8, 6) # (cols, rows) 42 | self.bounds = (1, 1, self.grid_size[0], self.grid_size[1]) 43 | self.block_size = 100 44 | self.intersections = OrderedDict() 45 | self.roads = [] 46 | for x in xrange(self.bounds[0], self.bounds[2] + 1): 47 | for y in xrange(self.bounds[1], self.bounds[3] + 1): 48 | self.intersections[(x, y)] = TrafficLight() # a traffic light at each intersection 49 | 50 | for a in self.intersections: 51 | for b in self.intersections: 52 | if a == b: 53 | continue 54 | if (abs(a[0] - b[0]) + abs(a[1] - b[1])) == 1: # L1 distance = 1 55 | self.roads.append((a, b)) 56 | 57 | # Dummy agents 58 | self.num_dummies = 3 # no. of dummy agents 59 | for i in xrange(self.num_dummies): 60 | self.create_agent(DummyAgent) 61 | 62 | # Primary agent 63 | self.primary_agent = None # to be set explicitly 64 | self.enforce_deadline = False 65 | 66 | def create_agent(self, agent_class, *args, **kwargs): 67 | agent = agent_class(self, *args, **kwargs) 68 | self.agent_states[agent] = {'location': random.choice(self.intersections.keys()), 'heading': (0, 1)} 69 | return agent 70 | 71 | def set_primary_agent(self, agent, enforce_deadline=False): 72 | self.primary_agent = agent 73 | self.enforce_deadline = enforce_deadline 74 | 75 | def reset(self): 76 | self.done = False 77 | self.t = 0 78 | 79 | # Reset traffic lights 80 | for traffic_light in self.intersections.itervalues(): 81 | traffic_light.reset() 82 | 83 | # Pick a start and a destination 84 | start = random.choice(self.intersections.keys()) 85 | destination = random.choice(self.intersections.keys()) 86 | 87 | # Ensure starting location and destination are not too close 88 | while self.compute_dist(start, destination) < 4: 89 | start = random.choice(self.intersections.keys()) 90 | destination = random.choice(self.intersections.keys()) 91 | 92 | start_heading = random.choice(self.valid_headings) 93 | deadline = self.compute_dist(start, destination) * 5 94 | print "Environment.reset(): Trial set up with start = {}, destination = {}, deadline = {}".format(start, destination, deadline) 95 | 96 | # Initialize agent(s) 97 | for agent in self.agent_states.iterkeys(): 98 | self.agent_states[agent] = { 99 | 'location': start if agent is self.primary_agent else random.choice(self.intersections.keys()), 100 | 'heading': start_heading if agent is self.primary_agent else random.choice(self.valid_headings), 101 | 'destination': destination if agent is self.primary_agent else None, 102 | 'deadline': deadline if agent is self.primary_agent else None} 103 | agent.reset(destination=(destination if agent is self.primary_agent else None)) 104 | 105 | def step(self): 106 | #print "Environment.step(): t = {}".format(self.t) # [debug] 107 | 108 | # Update traffic lights 109 | for intersection, traffic_light in self.intersections.iteritems(): 110 | traffic_light.update(self.t) 111 | 112 | # Update agents 113 | for agent in self.agent_states.iterkeys(): 114 | agent.update(self.t) 115 | 116 | self.t += 1 117 | if self.primary_agent is not None: 118 | agent_deadline = self.agent_states[self.primary_agent]['deadline'] 119 | if agent_deadline <= self.hard_time_limit: 120 | self.done = True 121 | print "Environment.step(): Primary agent hit hard time limit ({})! Trial aborted.".format(self.hard_time_limit) 122 | elif self.enforce_deadline and agent_deadline <= 0: 123 | self.done = True 124 | print "Environment.step(): Primary agent ran out of time! Trial aborted." 125 | self.agent_states[self.primary_agent]['deadline'] = agent_deadline - 1 126 | 127 | def sense(self, agent): 128 | assert agent in self.agent_states, "Unknown agent!" 129 | 130 | state = self.agent_states[agent] 131 | location = state['location'] 132 | heading = state['heading'] 133 | light = 'green' if (self.intersections[location].state and heading[1] != 0) or ((not self.intersections[location].state) and heading[0] != 0) else 'red' 134 | 135 | # Populate oncoming, left, right 136 | oncoming = None 137 | left = None 138 | right = None 139 | for other_agent, other_state in self.agent_states.iteritems(): 140 | if agent == other_agent or location != other_state['location'] or (heading[0] == other_state['heading'][0] and heading[1] == other_state['heading'][1]): 141 | continue 142 | other_heading = other_agent.get_next_waypoint() 143 | if (heading[0] * other_state['heading'][0] + heading[1] * other_state['heading'][1]) == -1: 144 | if oncoming != 'left': # we don't want to override oncoming == 'left' 145 | oncoming = other_heading 146 | elif (heading[1] == other_state['heading'][0] and -heading[0] == other_state['heading'][1]): 147 | if right != 'forward' and right != 'left': # we don't want to override right == 'forward or 'left' 148 | right = other_heading 149 | else: 150 | if left != 'forward': # we don't want to override left == 'forward' 151 | left = other_heading 152 | 153 | return {'light': light, 'oncoming': oncoming, 'left': left, 'right': right} # TODO: make this a namedtuple 154 | 155 | def get_deadline(self, agent): 156 | return self.agent_states[agent]['deadline'] if agent is self.primary_agent else None 157 | 158 | def act(self, agent, action): 159 | assert agent in self.agent_states, "Unknown agent!" 160 | assert action in self.valid_actions, "Invalid action!" 161 | 162 | state = self.agent_states[agent] 163 | location = state['location'] 164 | heading = state['heading'] 165 | light = 'green' if (self.intersections[location].state and heading[1] != 0) or ((not self.intersections[location].state) and heading[0] != 0) else 'red' 166 | sense = self.sense(agent) 167 | 168 | # Move agent if within bounds and obeys traffic rules 169 | reward = 0 # reward/penalty 170 | move_okay = True 171 | if action == 'forward': 172 | if light != 'green': 173 | move_okay = False 174 | elif action == 'left': 175 | if light == 'green' and (sense['oncoming'] == None or sense['oncoming'] == 'left'): 176 | heading = (heading[1], -heading[0]) 177 | else: 178 | move_okay = False 179 | elif action == 'right': 180 | if light == 'green' or sense['left'] != 'straight': 181 | heading = (-heading[1], heading[0]) 182 | else: 183 | move_okay = False 184 | 185 | if move_okay: 186 | # Valid move (could be null) 187 | if action is not None: 188 | # Valid non-null move 189 | location = ((location[0] + heading[0] - self.bounds[0]) % (self.bounds[2] - self.bounds[0] + 1) + self.bounds[0], 190 | (location[1] + heading[1] - self.bounds[1]) % (self.bounds[3] - self.bounds[1] + 1) + self.bounds[1]) # wrap-around 191 | #if self.bounds[0] <= location[0] <= self.bounds[2] and self.bounds[1] <= location[1] <= self.bounds[3]: # bounded 192 | state['location'] = location 193 | state['heading'] = heading 194 | reward = 2.0 if action == agent.get_next_waypoint() else -0.5 # valid, but is it correct? (as per waypoint) 195 | else: 196 | # Valid null move 197 | reward = 0.0 198 | else: 199 | # Invalid move 200 | reward = -1.0 201 | 202 | if agent is self.primary_agent: 203 | if state['location'] == state['destination']: 204 | if state['deadline'] >= 0: 205 | reward += 10 # bonus 206 | self.done = True 207 | print "Environment.act(): Primary agent has reached destination!" # [debug] 208 | self.status_text = "state: {}\naction: {}\nreward: {}".format(agent.get_state(), action, reward) 209 | #print "Environment.act() [POST]: location: {}, heading: {}, action: {}, reward: {}".format(location, heading, action, reward) # [debug] 210 | 211 | return reward 212 | 213 | def compute_dist(self, a, b): 214 | """L1 distance between two points.""" 215 | return abs(b[0] - a[0]) + abs(b[1] - a[1]) 216 | 217 | 218 | class Agent(object): 219 | """Base class for all agents.""" 220 | 221 | def __init__(self, env): 222 | self.env = env 223 | self.state = None 224 | self.next_waypoint = None 225 | self.color = 'cyan' 226 | 227 | def reset(self, destination=None): 228 | pass 229 | 230 | def update(self, t): 231 | pass 232 | 233 | def get_state(self): 234 | return self.state 235 | 236 | def get_next_waypoint(self): 237 | return self.next_waypoint 238 | 239 | 240 | class DummyAgent(Agent): 241 | color_choices = ['blue', 'cyan', 'magenta', 'orange'] 242 | 243 | def __init__(self, env): 244 | super(DummyAgent, self).__init__(env) # sets self.env = env, state = None, next_waypoint = None, and a default color 245 | self.next_waypoint = random.choice(Environment.valid_actions[1:]) 246 | self.color = random.choice(self.color_choices) 247 | 248 | def update(self, t): 249 | inputs = self.env.sense(self) 250 | 251 | action_okay = True 252 | if self.next_waypoint == 'right': 253 | if inputs['light'] == 'red' and inputs['left'] == 'forward': 254 | action_okay = False 255 | elif self.next_waypoint == 'forward': 256 | if inputs['light'] == 'red': 257 | action_okay = False 258 | elif self.next_waypoint == 'left': 259 | if inputs['light'] == 'red' or (inputs['oncoming'] == 'forward' or inputs['oncoming'] == 'right'): 260 | action_okay = False 261 | 262 | action = None 263 | if action_okay: 264 | action = self.next_waypoint 265 | self.next_waypoint = random.choice(Environment.valid_actions[1:]) 266 | reward = self.env.act(self, action) 267 | #print "DummyAgent.update(): t = {}, inputs = {}, action = {}, reward = {}".format(t, inputs, action, reward) # [debug] 268 | #print "DummyAgent.update(): next_waypoint = {}".format(self.next_waypoint) # [debug] 269 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/environment.pyc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/smartcab/smartcab/environment.pyc 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destination = {}".format(destination) # [debug] 14 | 15 | def next_waypoint(self): 16 | location = self.env.agent_states[self.agent]['location'] 17 | heading = self.env.agent_states[self.agent]['heading'] 18 | delta = (self.destination[0] - location[0], self.destination[1] - location[1]) 19 | if delta[0] == 0 and delta[1] == 0: 20 | return None 21 | elif delta[0] != 0: # EW difference 22 | if delta[0] * heading[0] > 0: # facing correct EW direction 23 | return 'forward' 24 | elif delta[0] * heading[0] < 0: # facing opposite EW direction 25 | return 'right' # long U-turn 26 | elif delta[0] * heading[1] > 0: 27 | return 'left' 28 | else: 29 | return 'right' 30 | elif delta[1] != 0: # NS difference (turn logic is slightly different) 31 | if delta[1] * heading[1] > 0: # facing correct NS direction 32 | return 'forward' 33 | elif delta[1] * heading[1] < 0: # facing opposite NS direction 34 | return 'right' # long U-turn 35 | elif delta[1] * heading[0] > 0: 36 | return 'right' 37 | else: 38 | return 'left' 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/planner.pyc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/smartcab/smartcab/planner.pyc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/simulator.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import os 2 | import time 3 | import random 4 | import importlib 5 | 6 | class Simulator(object): 7 | """Simulates agents in a dynamic smartcab environment. 8 | 9 | Uses PyGame to display GUI, if available. 10 | """ 11 | 12 | colors = { 13 | 'black' : ( 0, 0, 0), 14 | 'white' : (255, 255, 255), 15 | 'red' : (255, 0, 0), 16 | 'green' : ( 0, 255, 0), 17 | 'blue' : ( 0, 0, 255), 18 | 'cyan' : ( 0, 200, 200), 19 | 'magenta' : (200, 0, 200), 20 | 'yellow' : (255, 255, 0), 21 | 'orange' : (255, 128, 0) 22 | } 23 | 24 | def __init__(self, env, size=None, update_delay=1.0, display=True): 25 | self.env = env 26 | self.size = size if size is not None else ((self.env.grid_size[0] + 1) * self.env.block_size, (self.env.grid_size[1] + 1) * self.env.block_size) 27 | self.width, self.height = self.size 28 | 29 | self.bg_color = self.colors['white'] 30 | self.road_width = 5 31 | self.road_color = self.colors['black'] 32 | 33 | self.quit = False 34 | self.start_time = None 35 | self.current_time = 0.0 36 | self.last_updated = 0.0 37 | self.update_delay = update_delay 38 | 39 | self.display = display 40 | if self.display: 41 | try: 42 | self.pygame = importlib.import_module('pygame') 43 | self.pygame.init() 44 | self.screen = self.pygame.display.set_mode(self.size) 45 | 46 | self.frame_delay = max(1, int(self.update_delay * 1000)) # delay between GUI frames in ms (min: 1) 47 | self.agent_sprite_size = (32, 32) 48 | self.agent_circle_radius = 10 # radius of circle, when using simple representation 49 | for agent in self.env.agent_states: 50 | agent._sprite = self.pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.pygame.image.load(os.path.join("images", "car-{}.png".format(agent.color))), self.agent_sprite_size) 51 | agent._sprite_size = (agent._sprite.get_width(), agent._sprite.get_height()) 52 | 53 | self.font = self.pygame.font.Font(None, 28) 54 | self.paused = False 55 | except ImportError as e: 56 | self.display = False 57 | print "Simulator.__init__(): Unable to import pygame; display disabled.\n{}: {}".format(e.__class__.__name__, e) 58 | except Exception as e: 59 | self.display = False 60 | print "Simulator.__init__(): Error initializing GUI objects; display disabled.\n{}: {}".format(e.__class__.__name__, e) 61 | 62 | def run(self, n_trials=1): 63 | self.quit = False 64 | for trial in xrange(n_trials): 65 | print "Simulator.run(): Trial {}".format(trial) # [debug] 66 | self.env.reset() 67 | self.current_time = 0.0 68 | self.last_updated = 0.0 69 | self.start_time = time.time() 70 | while True: 71 | try: 72 | # Update current time 73 | self.current_time = time.time() - self.start_time 74 | #print "Simulator.run(): current_time = {:.3f}".format(self.current_time) 75 | 76 | # Handle GUI events 77 | if self.display: 78 | for event in self.pygame.event.get(): 79 | if event.type == self.pygame.QUIT: 80 | self.quit = True 81 | elif event.type == self.pygame.KEYDOWN: 82 | if event.key == 27: # Esc 83 | self.quit = True 84 | elif event.unicode == u' ': 85 | self.paused = True 86 | 87 | if self.paused: 88 | self.pause() 89 | 90 | # Update environment 91 | if self.current_time - self.last_updated >= self.update_delay: 92 | self.env.step() 93 | self.last_updated = self.current_time 94 | 95 | # Render GUI and sleep 96 | if self.display: 97 | self.render() 98 | self.pygame.time.wait(self.frame_delay) 99 | except KeyboardInterrupt: 100 | self.quit = True 101 | finally: 102 | if self.quit or self.env.done: 103 | break 104 | 105 | if self.quit: 106 | break 107 | 108 | def render(self): 109 | # Clear screen 110 | self.screen.fill(self.bg_color) 111 | 112 | # Draw elements 113 | # * Static elements 114 | for road in self.env.roads: 115 | self.pygame.draw.line(self.screen, self.road_color, (road[0][0] * self.env.block_size, road[0][1] * self.env.block_size), (road[1][0] * self.env.block_size, road[1][1] * self.env.block_size), self.road_width) 116 | 117 | for intersection, traffic_light in self.env.intersections.iteritems(): 118 | self.pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, self.road_color, (intersection[0] * self.env.block_size, intersection[1] * self.env.block_size), 10) 119 | if traffic_light.state: # North-South is open 120 | self.pygame.draw.line(self.screen, self.colors['green'], 121 | (intersection[0] * self.env.block_size, intersection[1] * self.env.block_size - 15), 122 | (intersection[0] * self.env.block_size, intersection[1] * self.env.block_size + 15), self.road_width) 123 | else: # East-West is open 124 | self.pygame.draw.line(self.screen, self.colors['green'], 125 | (intersection[0] * self.env.block_size - 15, intersection[1] * self.env.block_size), 126 | (intersection[0] * self.env.block_size + 15, intersection[1] * self.env.block_size), self.road_width) 127 | 128 | # * Dynamic elements 129 | for agent, state in self.env.agent_states.iteritems(): 130 | # Compute precise agent location here (back from the intersection some) 131 | agent_offset = (2 * state['heading'][0] * self.agent_circle_radius, 2 * state['heading'][1] * self.agent_circle_radius) 132 | agent_pos = (state['location'][0] * self.env.block_size - agent_offset[0], state['location'][1] * self.env.block_size - agent_offset[1]) 133 | agent_color = self.colors[agent.color] 134 | if hasattr(agent, '_sprite') and agent._sprite is not None: 135 | # Draw agent sprite (image), properly rotated 136 | rotated_sprite = agent._sprite if state['heading'] == (1, 0) else self.pygame.transform.rotate(agent._sprite, 180 if state['heading'][0] == -1 else state['heading'][1] * -90) 137 | self.screen.blit(rotated_sprite, 138 | self.pygame.rect.Rect(agent_pos[0] - agent._sprite_size[0] / 2, agent_pos[1] - agent._sprite_size[1] / 2, 139 | agent._sprite_size[0], agent._sprite_size[1])) 140 | else: 141 | # Draw simple agent (circle with a short line segment poking out to indicate heading) 142 | self.pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, agent_color, agent_pos, self.agent_circle_radius) 143 | self.pygame.draw.line(self.screen, agent_color, agent_pos, state['location'], self.road_width) 144 | if agent.get_next_waypoint() is not None: 145 | self.screen.blit(self.font.render(agent.get_next_waypoint(), True, agent_color, self.bg_color), (agent_pos[0] + 10, agent_pos[1] + 10)) 146 | if state['destination'] is not None: 147 | self.pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, agent_color, (state['destination'][0] * self.env.block_size, state['destination'][1] * self.env.block_size), 6) 148 | self.pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, agent_color, (state['destination'][0] * self.env.block_size, state['destination'][1] * self.env.block_size), 15, 2) 149 | 150 | # * Overlays 151 | text_y = 10 152 | for text in self.env.status_text.split('\n'): 153 | self.screen.blit(self.font.render(text, True, self.colors['red'], self.bg_color), (100, text_y)) 154 | text_y += 20 155 | 156 | # Flip buffers 157 | self.pygame.display.flip() 158 | 159 | def pause(self): 160 | abs_pause_time = time.time() 161 | pause_text = "[PAUSED] Press any key to continue..." 162 | self.screen.blit(self.font.render(pause_text, True, self.colors['cyan'], self.bg_color), (100, self.height - 40)) 163 | self.pygame.display.flip() 164 | print pause_text # [debug] 165 | while self.paused: 166 | for event in self.pygame.event.get(): 167 | if event.type == self.pygame.KEYDOWN: 168 | self.paused = False 169 | self.pygame.time.wait(self.frame_delay) 170 | self.screen.blit(self.font.render(pause_text, True, self.bg_color, self.bg_color), (100, self.height - 40)) 171 | self.start_time += (time.time() - abs_pause_time) 172 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /smartcab/smartcab/simulator.pyc: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/codediodeio/machine-learning-nanodegree/be2c56bcf2b6346a3528fc1058ed10c299572164/smartcab/smartcab/simulator.pyc -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /student-intervention/student-data.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | school,sex,age,address,famsize,Pstatus,Medu,Fedu,Mjob,Fjob,reason,guardian,traveltime,studytime,failures,schoolsup,famsup,paid,activities,nursery,higher,internet,romantic,famrel,freetime,goout,Dalc,Walc,health,absences,passed 2 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,A,4,4,at_home,teacher,course,mother,2,2,0,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,4,1,1,3,6,no 3 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,course,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,3,4,no 4 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,other,other,mother,1,2,3,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,2,3,3,10,yes 5 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,2,health,services,home,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,2,2,1,1,5,2,yes 6 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,home,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,2,1,2,5,4,yes 7 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,4,3,services,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,1,2,5,10,yes 8 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,1,3,0,yes 9 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,A,4,4,other,teacher,home,mother,2,2,0,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,1,4,1,1,1,6,no 10 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,A,3,2,services,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,2,1,1,1,0,yes 11 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,3,4,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,5,1,1,1,5,0,yes 12 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,health,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,1,2,2,0,no 13 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,2,1,services,other,reputation,father,3,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,2,2,1,1,4,4,yes 14 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,4,4,health,services,course,father,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,3,5,2,yes 15 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,1,2,3,2,yes 16 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,A,2,2,other,other,home,other,1,3,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,2,1,1,3,0,yes 17 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,other,home,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,2,2,4,yes 18 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,2,3,1,2,2,6,yes 19 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,reputation,mother,3,2,0,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,5,3,2,1,1,4,4,yes 20 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,2,services,services,course,mother,1,1,3,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,5,5,2,4,5,16,no 21 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,4,3,health,other,home,father,1,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,1,3,1,3,5,4,yes 22 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,1,1,1,1,0,yes 23 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,health,other,father,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,1,1,5,0,yes 24 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,4,2,teacher,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,1,1,3,5,2,yes 25 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,2,4,5,0,yes 26 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,2,4,services,health,course,mother,1,3,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,2,no 27 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,services,home,mother,1,1,2,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,1,2,2,1,3,5,14,no 28 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,2,1,2,5,2,yes 29 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,2,health,services,other,mother,1,1,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,2,4,2,4,1,4,yes 30 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,A,3,4,services,other,home,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,5,4,yes 31 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,5,5,5,5,16,yes 32 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,services,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,3,4,5,0,yes 33 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,1,1,1,5,0,yes 34 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,at_home,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,2,1,1,5,0,yes 35 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,3,3,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,1,2,0,yes 36 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,home,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,1,1,5,0,yes 37 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,other,father,2,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,3,5,1,1,1,5,0,no 38 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,4,3,teacher,services,home,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,1,1,4,2,yes 39 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,A,4,4,other,teacher,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,2,4,3,1,1,5,7,yes 40 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,3,4,services,health,course,mother,1,3,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,2,yes 41 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,1,1,1,2,8,yes 42 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,2,2,1,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,3,3,3,1,2,3,25,yes 43 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,other,home,other,1,1,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,5,4,3,2,4,5,8,yes 44 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,teacher,course,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,5,2,yes 45 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,services,course,father,1,1,0,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,1,1,1,1,0,yes 46 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,at_home,course,father,2,2,1,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,2,5,14,no 47 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,A,4,3,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,2,1,1,5,8,no 48 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,A,3,3,other,services,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,3,5,1,4,3,12,yes 49 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,health,services,reputation,mother,1,4,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,2,1,1,2,4,yes 50 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,2,teacher,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,3,2,2,5,2,yes 51 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,teacher,other,father,1,2,1,yes,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,1,3,2,no 52 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,services,course,mother,3,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,3,4,2,yes 53 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,T,4,2,health,other,other,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,5,2,yes 54 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,A,4,2,health,health,other,father,2,1,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,5,5,3,4,5,6,yes 55 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,course,mother,1,1,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,4,2,3,5,0,yes 56 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,A,3,3,other,other,other,mother,1,1,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,4,4,4,1,6,yes 57 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,A,2,1,other,other,other,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,4,1,1,2,8,yes 58 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,A,4,3,services,services,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,1,0,yes 59 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,health,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,3,2,2,1,1,5,4,yes 60 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,1,2,other,at_home,home,father,1,2,0,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,2,no 61 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,2,services,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,3,1,1,5,2,yes 62 | GP,F,16,R,GT3,T,4,4,health,teacher,other,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,2,4,4,2,3,4,6,yes 63 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,1,1,services,services,course,father,4,1,0,yes,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,5,5,5,5,5,5,6,yes 64 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,1,2,other,services,reputation,father,1,2,0,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,3,1,1,1,4,no 65 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,health,home,mother,1,3,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,4,2,4,4,2,no 66 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,T,4,3,services,services,reputation,father,1,2,0,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,2,4,2,0,yes 67 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,4,3,teacher,services,course,mother,3,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,1,2,1,2,yes 68 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,A,4,4,other,services,reputation,mother,1,4,0,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,1,3,3,5,5,3,4,yes 69 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,1,services,other,course,mother,1,4,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,5,4,no 70 | GP,F,15,R,LE3,T,2,2,health,services,reputation,mother,2,2,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,1,3,1,3,4,2,no 71 | GP,F,15,R,LE3,T,3,1,other,other,reputation,father,2,4,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,2,2,3,3,12,yes 72 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,1,other,other,reputation,father,2,4,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,0,yes 73 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,2,other,other,course,mother,1,4,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,1,1,3,0,yes 74 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,2,yes,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,3,3,4,2,4,5,2,no 75 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,1,other,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,5,3,2,2,2,5,2,yes 76 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,home,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,4,5,54,yes 77 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,3,5,6,yes 78 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,0,teacher,other,course,mother,2,4,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,3,1,1,1,8,yes 79 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,4,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,3,1,3,3,0,yes 80 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,home,mother,2,1,3,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,yes,no,4,5,1,1,1,3,2,yes 81 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,4,at_home,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,4,3,1,2,3,12,no 82 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,services,course,father,1,1,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,3,2,2,1,3,3,2,yes 83 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,home,mother,1,3,0,yes,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,2,5,4,yes 84 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,T,3,2,services,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,1,5,10,no 85 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,services,home,mother,2,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,3,4,4,yes 86 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,home,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,2,3,4,2,yes 87 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,reputation,father,2,2,2,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,2,3,5,6,no 88 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,at_home,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,4,1,2,2,4,no 89 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,3,1,4,yes 90 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,other,reputation,father,2,2,1,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,2,1,1,3,12,yes 91 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,A,4,4,teacher,health,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,1,3,3,5,5,18,no 92 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,home,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,3,4,0,no 93 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,3,services,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,5,1,3,1,4,yes 94 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,3,1,other,other,home,father,1,2,0,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,3,3,3,2,3,2,4,no 95 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,2,teacher,services,home,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,1,0,yes 96 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,health,reputation,mother,1,4,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,4,1,1,4,6,yes 97 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,home,mother,2,4,1,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,1,2,1,1,1,2,yes 98 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,4,3,services,other,reputation,mother,2,1,0,yes,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,1,1,4,2,yes 99 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,yes,4,3,5,1,1,5,2,yes 100 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,other,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,4,1,2,1,6,yes 101 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,other,at_home,course,mother,1,3,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,5,1,1,3,0,no 102 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,other,mother,1,1,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,5,5,5,4,14,no 103 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,teacher,other,father,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,1,1,4,0,yes 104 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,5,4,yes 105 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,3,2,services,other,home,mother,2,2,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,5,1,1,2,26,no 106 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,A,3,4,services,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,1,1,1,0,yes 107 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,A,3,3,other,health,reputation,father,1,4,0,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,3,1,1,4,10,yes 108 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,course,mother,1,4,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,1,2,1,1,3,8,no 109 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,other,home,father,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,5,2,yes 110 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,4,4,other,other,home,father,4,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,1,3,5,3,5,1,6,yes 111 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,4,4,health,health,other,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,5,1,1,4,4,yes 112 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,A,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,5,3,1,1,4,6,yes 113 | GP,F,16,R,GT3,T,3,3,services,other,reputation,father,1,3,1,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,1,2,1,1,2,0,yes 114 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,other,home,mother,1,2,1,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,1,2,1,1,5,6,yes 115 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,T,4,2,teacher,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,5,2,1,1,3,10,yes 116 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,2,1,health,services,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,2,1,1,5,8,no 117 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,1,2,5,2,yes 118 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,other,teacher,reputation,father,2,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,4,3,1,1,2,2,yes 119 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,home,father,2,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,1,1,5,0,yes 120 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,1,3,other,other,course,father,3,2,1,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,2,4,1,4,5,20,no 121 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,3,4,other,other,reputation,father,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,3,1,2,4,6,yes 122 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,1,2,at_home,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,3,2,3,1,2,1,2,yes 123 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,services,home,father,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,5,4,1,2,5,6,yes 124 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,2,4,other,health,course,father,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,2,1,2,5,2,yes 125 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,4,1,4,5,18,yes 126 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,4,1,1,5,0,no 127 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,3,4,services,services,home,father,1,1,0,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,5,5,3,2,5,0,yes 128 | GP,F,15,U,LE3,A,3,4,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,2,1,1,1,0,yes 129 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,0,1,at_home,other,course,other,1,2,3,no,yes,no,no,no,no,no,no,3,4,2,1,1,5,2,no 130 | GP,M,18,R,GT3,T,2,2,services,other,reputation,mother,1,1,2,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,1,2,4,0,no 131 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,5,5,2,5,4,8,yes 132 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,3,4,services,teacher,course,father,2,3,2,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,2,2,2,5,0,no 133 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,course,mother,3,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,2,4,0,no 134 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,course,father,1,1,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,4,4,1,3,5,12,yes 135 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,A,3,4,services,other,course,father,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,2,1,1,4,5,16,yes 136 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,3,4,at_home,teacher,course,mother,4,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,5,3,3,1,1,5,0,no 137 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,at_home,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,1,5,0,no 138 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,3,4,at_home,other,course,mother,3,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,4,5,2,4,5,0,no 139 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,A,3,3,other,other,course,other,2,1,2,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,1,1,5,0,no 140 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,1,1,services,other,course,mother,1,2,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,4,4,4,1,3,5,0,yes 141 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,mother,2,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,0,yes 142 | GP,M,15,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,services,course,father,2,4,0,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,2,2,1,1,3,0,no 143 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,services,reputation,father,2,1,2,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,2,3,3,2,2,2,8,no 144 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,2,1,1,5,2,yes 145 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,at_home,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,4,3,3,1,2,yes 146 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,home,mother,1,1,3,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,5,1,2,5,0,no 147 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,services,course,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,2,1,2,5,0,yes 148 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,3,2,health,services,home,father,1,2,3,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,2,1,1,3,0,no 149 | GP,F,15,U,GT3,T,1,2,at_home,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,5,2,yes 150 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,3,3,2,2,1,5,0,no 151 | GP,M,15,U,LE3,A,2,1,services,other,course,mother,4,1,3,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,5,2,5,5,0,yes 152 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,1,1,other,other,course,mother,1,1,3,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,2,3,5,2,5,4,0,no 153 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,2,1,at_home,other,course,mother,1,1,1,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,4,4,4,3,5,5,6,yes 154 | GP,F,15,R,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,reputation,other,2,3,2,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,1,2,3,3,8,yes 155 | GP,M,19,U,GT3,T,3,2,services,at_home,home,mother,1,1,3,no,yes,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,4,5,4,1,1,4,0,no 156 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,other,teacher,course,mother,1,1,0,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,4,2,1,1,1,4,0,yes 157 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,2,3,at_home,services,course,mother,1,2,0,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,4,4,1,1,1,2,no 158 | GP,M,17,R,LE3,T,1,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,2,2,2,3,3,5,8,yes 159 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,course,mother,3,1,3,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,no,no,5,2,5,1,5,4,6,yes 160 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,other,course,mother,3,1,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,no,no,4,2,2,1,2,3,2,yes 161 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,course,father,1,2,1,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,5,4,4,5,4,yes 162 | GP,M,17,R,LE3,T,2,1,at_home,other,course,mother,2,1,2,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,3,3,2,2,2,5,0,no 163 | GP,M,15,R,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,course,mother,2,2,2,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,1,4,3,6,no 164 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,1,2,other,other,course,mother,2,1,1,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,4,4,2,4,5,0,no 165 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,1,3,at_home,services,course,father,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,5,3,3,1,4,2,2,yes 166 | GP,M,17,R,LE3,T,1,1,other,services,course,mother,4,2,3,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,5,3,5,1,5,5,0,no 167 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,2,services,services,course,mother,2,1,1,no,yes,no,yes,no,no,no,no,4,5,2,1,1,2,16,yes 168 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,course,father,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,4,3,5,2,4,4,4,yes 169 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,2,health,services,home,father,1,2,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,3,1,1,3,0,yes 170 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,1,5,1,1,4,0,no 171 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,health,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,2,1,1,3,0,yes 172 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,4,other,other,course,father,3,1,2,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,3,4,5,2,4,2,0,no 173 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,1,0,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,1,1,3,2,yes 174 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,3,5,0,yes 175 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,1,3,at_home,services,home,mother,1,2,3,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,3,5,1,1,3,0,no 176 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,3,3,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,5,1,1,4,4,no 177 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,4,3,teacher,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,no 178 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,3,4,4,1,4,5,2,yes 179 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,4,1,4,4,4,no 180 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,4,2,teacher,services,other,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,3,4,3,10,no 181 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,4,3,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,3,1,1,2,4,yes 182 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,3,2,3,3,10,no 183 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,3,1,2,3,2,yes 184 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,4,services,services,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,5,4,2,2,3,5,0,yes 185 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,3,3,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,3,2,3,1,56,no 186 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,1,2,2,1,2,1,14,yes 187 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,other,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,4,2,3,4,12,yes 188 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,1,2,services,services,other,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,3,3,1,2,3,2,yes 189 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,2,1,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,3,1,2,5,0,yes 190 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,A,3,3,health,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,3,3,3,1,3,3,6,no 191 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,1,2,at_home,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,3,1,3,1,5,3,4,yes 192 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,3,services,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,2,10,yes 193 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,3,0,no 194 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,1,2,at_home,services,other,other,2,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,4,5,5,12,no 195 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,3,4,5,8,yes 196 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,home,father,2,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,3,0,yes 197 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,2,4,services,services,course,father,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,1,1,5,0,yes 198 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,teacher,home,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,2,3,1,2,5,4,yes 199 | GP,M,16,R,LE3,T,3,3,teacher,other,home,father,3,1,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,4,3,5,3,8,yes 200 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,teacher,home,mother,2,1,1,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,4,2,3,2,24,yes 201 | GP,F,16,U,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,2,1,2,3,0,yes 202 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,health,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,5,1,5,2,2,yes 203 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,4,3,1,3,4,6,yes 204 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,no,no,4,4,4,1,3,1,4,yes 205 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,2,3,18,no 206 | GP,F,16,R,GT3,T,2,2,services,services,reputation,mother,2,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,5,1,1,5,6,yes 207 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,4,at_home,services,home,mother,1,3,1,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,3,4,5,28,no 208 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,A,3,1,services,other,course,mother,1,2,3,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,3,3,2,2,4,5,no 209 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,other,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,1,3,2,1,1,1,10,yes 210 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,home,mother,2,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,2,1,4,5,6,yes 211 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,2,1,1,4,6,no 212 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,reputation,other,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,3,10,no 213 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,4,4,services,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,5,4,5,3,13,yes 214 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,A,2,2,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,4,1,1,4,0,yes 215 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,2,services,other,home,mother,1,2,1,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,2,4,5,15,no 216 | GP,F,17,R,LE3,T,4,4,services,other,other,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,2,1,1,2,3,12,yes 217 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,3,2,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,3,1,2,yes 218 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,3,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,2,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,4,5,2,4,1,22,no 219 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,3,3,services,health,home,father,1,2,1,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,2,4,2,4,4,13,no 220 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,3,at_home,other,home,father,2,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,3,3,3,1,4,3,3,no 221 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,at_home,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,4,4,yes 222 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,2,1,at_home,services,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,5,1,2,5,2,no 223 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,other,reputation,mother,1,3,1,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,4,3,4,1,1,5,0,no 224 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,3,services,teacher,other,mother,1,2,0,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,2,3,1,1,1,3,2,yes 225 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,home,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,5,5,4,0,yes 226 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,home,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,1,5,0,yes 227 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,T,3,1,other,other,reputation,mother,1,2,1,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,3,1,1,4,16,no 228 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,4,1,3,3,10,yes 229 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,2,3,services,services,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,3,3,2,yes 230 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,2,1,at_home,other,course,mother,4,2,0,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,4,5,3,14,no 231 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,A,2,1,other,other,course,mother,2,3,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,2,3,1,2,3,10,yes 232 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,4,3,health,other,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,2,3,1,2,3,14,yes 233 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,course,father,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,2,1,1,1,4,yes 234 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,reputation,mother,1,2,0,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,5,1,3,2,14,no 235 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,other,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,4,2,4,1,2,yes 236 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,1,1,other,other,home,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,4,2,1,1,5,18,no 237 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,2,at_home,other,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,3,1,3,2,10,yes 238 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,home,father,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,4,2,5,5,4,4,yes 239 | GP,F,16,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,home,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,2,1,1,5,20,yes 240 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,2,1,at_home,services,course,mother,3,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,2,1,1,1,1,3,2,yes 241 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,services,reputation,father,1,2,1,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,5,5,4,3,5,2,0,no 242 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,4,3,health,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,2,5,5,1,4,5,14,yes 243 | GP,M,17,R,LE3,A,4,4,teacher,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,2,3,4,2,yes 244 | GP,M,16,U,LE3,T,4,3,teacher,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,4,5,1,1,3,0,no 245 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,4,4,services,services,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,2,5,0,yes 246 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,course,other,2,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,1,1,3,0,no 247 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,course,mother,3,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,4,6,yes 248 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,course,father,2,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,2,2,1,1,2,4,yes 249 | GP,M,22,U,GT3,T,3,1,services,services,other,mother,1,1,3,no,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,5,4,5,5,5,1,16,no 250 | GP,M,18,R,LE3,T,3,3,other,services,course,mother,1,2,1,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,3,5,8,no 251 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,0,2,other,other,other,mother,1,1,0,no,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,2,4,5,0,yes 252 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,3,2,services,other,course,mother,2,1,1,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,4,4,5,2,4,5,0,no 253 | GP,M,16,U,GT3,T,3,3,at_home,other,reputation,other,3,2,0,yes,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,3,2,6,yes 254 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,1,services,services,other,mother,1,1,1,no,no,no,no,no,no,yes,no,3,2,5,2,5,5,4,no 255 | GP,M,16,R,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,course,mother,2,1,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,no,3,3,2,1,3,3,0,no 256 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,2,2,4,5,0,yes 257 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,1,1,health,other,course,mother,2,1,1,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,1,2,5,2,no 258 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,4,2,teacher,services,reputation,mother,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,3,1,1,4,6,yes 259 | GP,M,19,U,LE3,A,4,3,services,at_home,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,1,1,1,1,12,yes 260 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,2,4,1,2,4,8,yes 261 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,services,course,father,1,4,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,4,1,1,1,2,0,no 262 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,4,3,services,other,home,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,1,2,1,3,2,21,yes 263 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,1,3,2,no 264 | GP,M,18,R,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,no,5,3,2,1,1,3,1,yes 265 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,home,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,no,3,2,3,1,1,4,4,no 266 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,services,home,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,1,3,0,no 267 | GP,M,18,R,LE3,A,3,4,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,5,3,4,1,13,yes 268 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,1,services,other,other,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,4,3,4,5,2,yes 269 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,4,2,2,4,8,yes 270 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,2,health,other,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,5,1,3,5,10,yes 271 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,4,3,5,1,2,3,0,no 272 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,home,other,1,2,2,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,5,3,3,5,15,no 273 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,services,reputation,father,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,5,1,3,2,4,yes 274 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,T,1,1,other,other,home,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,no,no,4,4,3,1,1,3,2,yes 275 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,1,2,at_home,at_home,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,no,yes,3,5,2,2,2,1,2,yes 276 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,4,at_home,health,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,1,1,2,yes 277 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,2,2,services,other,course,mother,2,2,0,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,2,3,5,6,yes 278 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,A,3,2,other,services,home,mother,2,2,0,no,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,4,1,1,1,1,5,75,no 279 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,home,mother,2,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,2,4,1,4,3,22,no 280 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,health,reputation,father,1,2,1,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,2,4,4,1,1,4,15,no 281 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,4,3,teacher,services,course,mother,2,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,3,1,2,1,8,yes 282 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,A,4,1,services,other,home,mother,2,1,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,5,4,2,4,5,30,no 283 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,A,3,2,teacher,services,home,mother,1,1,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,3,4,3,19,yes 284 | GP,F,18,R,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,other,reputation,mother,2,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,no,5,2,2,1,1,3,1,yes 285 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,home,mother,2,2,0,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,1,1,4,4,yes 286 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,5,4,5,1,2,5,4,yes 287 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,reputation,father,1,2,0,no,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,4,2,yes 288 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,at_home,other,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,2,5,yes 289 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,1,1,services,teacher,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,3,6,yes 290 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,2,1,services,services,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,4,1,3,2,6,yes 291 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,A,4,4,teacher,teacher,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,1,1,2,9,yes 292 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,2,teacher,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,1,4,5,11,yes 293 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,3,health,services,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,2,2,1,2,3,0,yes 294 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,T,2,1,services,at_home,reputation,mother,1,2,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,3,1,1,5,12,yes 295 | GP,F,17,R,LE3,T,3,1,services,other,reputation,mother,2,4,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,3,1,2,1,1,3,6,yes 296 | GP,M,18,R,LE3,T,3,2,services,other,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,1,1,4,8,yes 297 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,health,other,home,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,3,1,3,5,4,yes 298 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,4,4,health,other,reputation,other,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,2,3,4,2,3,2,0,no 299 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,T,4,3,other,other,home,other,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,5,1,2,2,10,no 300 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,4,3,other,other,reputation,father,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,3,0,yes 301 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,home,mother,1,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,1,4,2,2,2,1,5,yes 302 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,A,4,4,health,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,4,1,1,4,14,yes 303 | GP,M,17,U,LE3,T,4,4,other,teacher,home,father,2,1,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,1,1,2,2,5,0,yes 304 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,2,other,other,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,1,3,0,yes 305 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,2,health,health,reputation,father,1,4,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,2,2,1,2,5,0,yes 306 | GP,M,19,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,home,other,1,2,1,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,4,1,1,3,20,yes 307 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,4,services,at_home,reputation,other,1,2,1,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,3,1,1,3,8,yes 308 | GP,M,20,U,GT3,A,3,2,services,other,course,other,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,5,5,3,1,1,5,0,yes 309 | GP,M,19,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,reputation,other,2,1,1,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,4,1,1,4,38,no 310 | GP,M,19,R,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,reputation,father,1,2,1,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,4,5,3,1,2,5,0,yes 311 | GP,F,19,U,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,other,reputation,other,1,2,1,yes,yes,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,3,1,3,3,18,yes 312 | GP,F,19,U,LE3,T,1,2,services,services,home,other,1,2,1,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,no,yes,4,2,4,2,2,3,0,no 313 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,2,1,at_home,other,other,other,3,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,3,4,1,1,1,2,20,yes 314 | GP,M,19,U,GT3,T,1,2,other,services,course,other,1,2,1,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,5,2,2,2,4,3,yes 315 | GP,F,19,U,LE3,T,3,2,services,other,reputation,other,2,2,1,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,4,2,2,1,2,1,22,yes 316 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,1,1,at_home,health,home,other,1,3,2,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,4,1,2,1,1,3,14,yes 317 | GP,F,19,R,GT3,T,2,3,other,other,reputation,other,1,3,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,1,2,1,1,3,40,yes 318 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,1,services,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,2,1,0,no 319 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,4,3,other,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,4,1,1,5,9,no 320 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,3,4,at_home,services,course,father,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,4,2,5,5,0,yes 321 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,3,3,5,2,yes 322 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,A,4,3,services,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,2,1,2,5,23,yes 323 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,other,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,4,2,2,1,1,3,12,no 324 | GP,F,17,R,LE3,T,2,2,services,services,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,2,2,2,3,3,yes 325 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,1,services,services,course,father,1,3,0,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,3,4,3,2,3,5,1,yes 326 | GP,F,17,U,LE3,T,0,2,at_home,at_home,home,father,2,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,3,3,2,3,2,0,yes 327 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,other,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,2,3,3,yes 328 | GP,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,services,reputation,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,3,5,3,5,5,3,yes 329 | GP,M,17,R,GT3,T,2,2,services,other,course,mother,4,1,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,5,5,5,4,8,yes 330 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,1,3,4,7,no 331 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,course,mother,2,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,2,4,4,yes 332 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,course,mother,1,4,0,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,5,2,4,5,2,no 333 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,T,2,4,at_home,other,course,father,1,3,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,1,1,5,7,yes 334 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,4,1,1,4,0,no 335 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,T,2,2,other,other,home,other,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,1,2,0,no 336 | GP,F,18,R,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,other,course,mother,2,4,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,4,4,4,1,1,4,0,no 337 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,4,services,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,5,1,3,5,16,yes 338 | GP,F,19,R,GT3,A,3,1,services,at_home,home,other,1,3,1,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,4,3,1,2,5,12,yes 339 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,2,3,2,0,no 340 | GP,F,18,U,LE3,T,3,3,services,services,home,mother,1,4,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,3,1,1,1,7,yes 341 | GP,F,17,R,GT3,A,3,2,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,3,2,4,yes 342 | GP,F,19,U,GT3,T,2,1,services,services,home,other,1,3,1,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,4,1,3,3,4,yes 343 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,home,father,1,2,1,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,2,2,2,0,no 344 | GP,M,18,U,LE3,T,3,4,services,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,3,1,3,5,11,yes 345 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,A,2,2,at_home,at_home,home,father,1,2,1,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,3,3,1,1,2,4,0,no 346 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,3,at_home,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,3,4,yes 347 | GP,F,18,U,GT3,T,3,2,other,services,other,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,3,2,3,1,7,yes 348 | GP,M,18,R,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,services,course,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,3,2,1,2,4,9,yes 349 | GP,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,3,teacher,other,course,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,4,5,2,3,5,0,no 350 | GP,F,17,U,GT3,T,4,3,health,other,reputation,mother,1,3,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,1,3,4,0,yes 351 | MS,M,18,R,GT3,T,3,2,other,other,course,mother,2,1,1,no,yes,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,2,5,5,5,5,5,10,yes 352 | MS,M,19,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,services,home,other,3,2,3,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,3,3,2,8,no 353 | MS,M,17,U,GT3,T,3,3,health,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,5,4,2,3,3,2,yes 354 | MS,M,18,U,LE3,T,1,3,at_home,services,course,mother,1,1,1,no,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,4,3,3,2,3,3,7,no 355 | MS,M,19,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,home,other,3,1,1,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,4,3,3,5,4,no 356 | MS,M,17,R,GT3,T,4,3,services,other,home,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,5,5,1,3,2,4,yes 357 | MS,F,18,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,course,father,1,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,5,3,4,1,1,5,0,no 358 | MS,F,17,R,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,services,other,father,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,3,1,2,5,4,yes 359 | MS,F,17,U,LE3,A,3,2,services,other,reputation,mother,2,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,1,2,3,1,2,5,2,yes 360 | MS,M,18,U,LE3,T,1,1,other,services,home,father,2,1,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,3,3,2,1,2,3,4,yes 361 | MS,F,18,U,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,services,course,father,2,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,3,2,1,1,4,0,yes 362 | MS,F,18,R,LE3,A,1,4,at_home,other,course,mother,3,2,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,4,3,4,1,4,5,0,yes 363 | MS,M,18,R,LE3,T,1,1,at_home,other,other,mother,2,2,1,no,no,no,yes,no,no,no,no,4,4,3,2,3,5,2,yes 364 | MS,F,18,U,GT3,T,3,3,services,services,other,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,3,2,1,3,3,0,yes 365 | MS,F,17,U,LE3,T,4,4,at_home,at_home,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,2,3,4,1,1,1,0,yes 366 | MS,F,17,R,GT3,T,1,2,other,services,course,father,2,2,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,no,no,3,2,2,1,2,3,0,yes 367 | MS,M,18,R,GT3,T,1,3,at_home,other,course,mother,2,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,3,3,4,2,4,3,4,yes 368 | MS,M,18,U,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,services,other,mother,2,3,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,2,2,2,2,5,0,yes 369 | MS,F,17,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,services,reputation,mother,3,1,1,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,1,1,2,1,0,no 370 | MS,F,18,U,GT3,T,2,3,at_home,services,course,father,2,1,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,5,2,3,1,2,4,0,yes 371 | MS,F,18,R,GT3,T,4,4,other,teacher,other,father,3,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,3,2,2,4,2,5,10,yes 372 | MS,F,19,U,LE3,T,3,2,services,services,home,other,2,2,2,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,3,2,2,1,1,3,4,no 373 | MS,M,18,R,LE3,T,1,2,at_home,services,other,father,3,1,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,4,3,3,2,3,3,3,yes 374 | MS,F,17,U,GT3,T,2,2,other,at_home,home,mother,1,3,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,3,4,3,1,1,3,8,yes 375 | MS,F,17,R,GT3,T,1,2,other,other,course,mother,1,1,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,3,5,5,1,3,1,14,no 376 | MS,F,18,R,LE3,T,4,4,other,other,reputation,mother,2,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,4,1,1,1,0,yes 377 | MS,F,18,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,home,mother,4,3,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,2,1,2,4,2,yes 378 | MS,F,20,U,GT3,T,4,2,health,other,course,other,2,3,2,no,yes,yes,no,no,yes,yes,yes,5,4,3,1,1,3,4,yes 379 | MS,F,18,R,LE3,T,4,4,teacher,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,5,4,3,3,4,2,4,yes 380 | MS,F,18,U,GT3,T,3,3,other,other,home,mother,1,2,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,1,3,1,2,1,0,yes 381 | MS,F,17,R,GT3,T,3,1,at_home,other,reputation,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,4,5,4,2,3,1,17,yes 382 | MS,M,18,U,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,teacher,home,father,1,2,0,no,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,3,2,4,1,4,2,4,yes 383 | MS,M,18,R,GT3,T,2,1,other,other,other,mother,2,1,0,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,1,3,5,5,no 384 | MS,M,17,U,GT3,T,2,3,other,services,home,father,2,2,0,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,no,4,4,3,1,1,3,2,yes 385 | MS,M,19,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,services,other,mother,2,1,1,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,no,4,3,2,1,3,5,0,no 386 | MS,M,18,R,GT3,T,4,2,other,other,home,father,2,1,1,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,4,3,4,3,3,14,no 387 | MS,F,18,R,GT3,T,2,2,at_home,other,other,mother,2,3,0,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,3,3,1,3,4,2,yes 388 | MS,F,18,R,GT3,T,4,4,teacher,at_home,reputation,mother,3,1,0,no,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,yes,4,4,3,2,2,5,7,no 389 | MS,F,19,R,GT3,T,2,3,services,other,course,mother,1,3,1,no,no,no,yes,no,yes,yes,no,5,4,2,1,2,5,0,no 390 | MS,F,18,U,LE3,T,3,1,teacher,services,course,mother,1,2,0,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,yes,no,4,3,4,1,1,1,0,no 391 | MS,F,18,U,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,course,mother,2,2,1,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,no,1,1,1,1,1,5,0,no 392 | MS,M,20,U,LE3,A,2,2,services,services,course,other,1,2,2,no,yes,yes,no,yes,yes,no,no,5,5,4,4,5,4,11,no 393 | MS,M,17,U,LE3,T,3,1,services,services,course,mother,2,1,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,2,4,5,3,4,2,3,yes 394 | MS,M,21,R,GT3,T,1,1,other,other,course,other,1,1,3,no,no,no,no,no,yes,no,no,5,5,3,3,3,3,3,no 395 | MS,M,18,R,LE3,T,3,2,services,other,course,mother,3,1,0,no,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,no,4,4,1,3,4,5,0,yes 396 | MS,M,19,U,LE3,T,1,1,other,at_home,course,father,1,1,0,no,no,no,no,yes,yes,yes,no,3,2,3,3,3,5,5,no 397 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /student-intervention/student_intervention.ipynb: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "cells": [ 3 | { 4 | "cell_type": "markdown", 5 | "metadata": {}, 6 | "source": [ 7 | "# Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree\n", 8 | "## Supervised Learning\n", 9 | "## Project 2: Building a Student Intervention System" 10 | ] 11 | }, 12 | { 13 | "cell_type": "markdown", 14 | "metadata": {}, 15 | "source": [ 16 | "Welcome to the second project of the Machine Learning Engineer Nanodegree! In this notebook, some template code has already been provided for you, and it will be your job to implement the additional functionality necessary to successfully complete this project. Sections that begin with **'Implementation'** in the header indicate that the following block of code will require additional functionality which you must provide. Instructions will be provided for each section and the specifics of the implementation are marked in the code block with a `'TODO'` statement. Please be sure to read the instructions carefully!\n", 17 | "\n", 18 | "In addition to implementing code, there will be questions that you must answer which relate to the project and your implementation. Each section where you will answer a question is preceded by a **'Question X'** header. Carefully read each question and provide thorough answers in the following text boxes that begin with **'Answer:'**. Your project submission will be evaluated based on your answers to each of the questions and the implementation you provide. \n", 19 | "\n", 20 | ">**Note:** Code and Markdown cells can be executed using the **Shift + Enter** keyboard shortcut. In addition, Markdown cells can be edited by typically double-clicking the cell to enter edit mode." 21 | ] 22 | }, 23 | { 24 | "cell_type": "markdown", 25 | "metadata": {}, 26 | "source": [ 27 | "### Question 1 - Classification vs. Regression\n", 28 | "*Your goal for this project is to identify students who might need early intervention before they fail to graduate. Which type of supervised learning problem is this, classification or regression? Why?*" 29 | ] 30 | }, 31 | { 32 | "cell_type": "markdown", 33 | "metadata": {}, 34 | "source": [ 35 | "**Answer: ** Classification. This problem involves categorizing data into a discrete boolean value. The model will predict a True/False value based on their need for early intervention. This differs from regression, which is used to predict continuous values. " 36 | ] 37 | }, 38 | { 39 | "cell_type": "markdown", 40 | "metadata": {}, 41 | "source": [ 42 | "## Exploring the Data\n", 43 | "Run the code cell below to load necessary Python libraries and load the student data. Note that the last column from this dataset, `'passed'`, will be our target label (whether the student graduated or didn't graduate). All other columns are features about each student." 44 | ] 45 | }, 46 | { 47 | "cell_type": "code", 48 | "execution_count": 1, 49 | "metadata": { 50 | "collapsed": false 51 | }, 52 | "outputs": [ 53 | { 54 | "name": "stdout", 55 | "output_type": "stream", 56 | "text": [ 57 | "Student data read successfully!\n" 58 | ] 59 | } 60 | ], 61 | "source": [ 62 | "# Import libraries\n", 63 | "import numpy as np\n", 64 | "import pandas as pd\n", 65 | "from time import time\n", 66 | "from sklearn.metrics import f1_score\n", 67 | "\n", 68 | "# Get the data\n", 69 | "student_data = pd.read_csv(\"student-data.csv\")\n", 70 | "print \"Student data read successfully!\"" 71 | ] 72 | }, 73 | { 74 | "cell_type": "markdown", 75 | "metadata": {}, 76 | "source": [ 77 | "### Implementation: Data Exploration\n", 78 | "Let's begin by investigating the dataset to determine how many students we have information on, and learn about the graduation rate among these students. In the code cell below, you will need to compute the following:\n", 79 | "- The total number of students, `n_students`.\n", 80 | "- The total number of features for each student, `n_features`.\n", 81 | "- The number of those students who passed, `n_passed`.\n", 82 | "- The number of those students who failed, `n_failed`.\n", 83 | "- The graduation rate of the class, `grad_rate`, in percent (%).\n" 84 | ] 85 | }, 86 | { 87 | "cell_type": "code", 88 | "execution_count": 54, 89 | "metadata": { 90 | "collapsed": false 91 | }, 92 | "outputs": [ 93 | { 94 | "name": "stdout", 95 | "output_type": "stream", 96 | "text": [ 97 | "Total number of students: 395\n", 98 | "Number of features: 30\n", 99 | "Number of students who passed: 265\n", 100 | "Number of students who failed: 130\n", 101 | "Graduation rate of the class: 67.09%\n" 102 | ] 103 | } 104 | ], 105 | "source": [ 106 | "# TODO: Calculate number of students\n", 107 | "n_students = student_data.shape[0]\n", 108 | "\n", 109 | "# TODO: Calculate number of features\n", 110 | "n_features = student_data.shape[1]-1\n", 111 | "\n", 112 | "# TODO: Calculate passing students\n", 113 | "n_passed = student_data[student_data['passed'] == 'yes'].shape[0]\n", 114 | "\n", 115 | "# TODO: Calculate failing students\n", 116 | "n_failed = student_data[student_data['passed'] == 'no'].shape[0]\n", 117 | "\n", 118 | "# TODO: Calculate graduation rate\n", 119 | "grad_rate = 100 * (n_passed / float(n_students))\n", 120 | "\n", 121 | "# Print the results\n", 122 | "print \"Total number of students: {}\".format(n_students)\n", 123 | "print \"Number of features: {}\".format(n_features)\n", 124 | "print \"Number of students who passed: {}\".format(n_passed)\n", 125 | "print \"Number of students who failed: {}\".format(n_failed)\n", 126 | "print \"Graduation rate of the class: {:.2f}%\".format(grad_rate)" 127 | ] 128 | }, 129 | { 130 | "cell_type": "markdown", 131 | "metadata": {}, 132 | "source": [ 133 | "## Preparing the Data\n", 134 | "In this section, we will prepare the data for modeling, training and testing.\n", 135 | "\n", 136 | "### Identify feature and target columns\n", 137 | "It is often the case that the data you obtain contains non-numeric features. This can be a problem, as most machine learning algorithms expect numeric data to perform computations with.\n", 138 | "\n", 139 | "Run the code cell below to separate the student data into feature and target columns to see if any features are non-numeric." 140 | ] 141 | }, 142 | { 143 | "cell_type": "code", 144 | "execution_count": 3, 145 | "metadata": { 146 | "collapsed": false 147 | }, 148 | "outputs": [ 149 | { 150 | "name": "stdout", 151 | "output_type": "stream", 152 | "text": [ 153 | "Feature columns:\n", 154 | "['school', 'sex', 'age', 'address', 'famsize', 'Pstatus', 'Medu', 'Fedu', 'Mjob', 'Fjob', 'reason', 'guardian', 'traveltime', 'studytime', 'failures', 'schoolsup', 'famsup', 'paid', 'activities', 'nursery', 'higher', 'internet', 'romantic', 'famrel', 'freetime', 'goout', 'Dalc', 'Walc', 'health', 'absences']\n", 155 | "\n", 156 | "Target column: passed\n", 157 | "\n", 158 | "Feature values:\n", 159 | " school sex age address famsize Pstatus Medu Fedu Mjob Fjob \\\n", 160 | "0 GP F 18 U GT3 A 4 4 at_home teacher \n", 161 | "1 GP F 17 U GT3 T 1 1 at_home other \n", 162 | "2 GP F 15 U LE3 T 1 1 at_home other \n", 163 | "3 GP F 15 U GT3 T 4 2 health services \n", 164 | "4 GP F 16 U GT3 T 3 3 other other \n", 165 | "\n", 166 | " ... higher internet romantic famrel freetime goout Dalc Walc health \\\n", 167 | "0 ... yes no no 4 3 4 1 1 3 \n", 168 | "1 ... yes yes no 5 3 3 1 1 3 \n", 169 | "2 ... yes yes no 4 3 2 2 3 3 \n", 170 | "3 ... yes yes yes 3 2 2 1 1 5 \n", 171 | "4 ... yes no no 4 3 2 1 2 5 \n", 172 | "\n", 173 | " absences \n", 174 | "0 6 \n", 175 | "1 4 \n", 176 | "2 10 \n", 177 | "3 2 \n", 178 | "4 4 \n", 179 | "\n", 180 | "[5 rows x 30 columns]\n" 181 | ] 182 | } 183 | ], 184 | "source": [ 185 | "# Extract feature columns\n", 186 | "feature_cols = list(student_data.columns[:-1])\n", 187 | "\n", 188 | "# Extract target column 'passed'\n", 189 | "target_col = student_data.columns[-1] \n", 190 | "\n", 191 | "# Show the list of columns\n", 192 | "print \"Feature columns:\\n{}\".format(feature_cols)\n", 193 | "print \"\\nTarget column: {}\".format(target_col)\n", 194 | "\n", 195 | "# Separate the data into feature data and target data (X_all and y_all, respectively)\n", 196 | "X_all = student_data[feature_cols]\n", 197 | "y_all = student_data[target_col]\n", 198 | "\n", 199 | "# Show the feature information by printing the first five rows\n", 200 | "print \"\\nFeature values:\"\n", 201 | "print X_all.head()" 202 | ] 203 | }, 204 | { 205 | "cell_type": "markdown", 206 | "metadata": {}, 207 | "source": [ 208 | "### Preprocess Feature Columns\n", 209 | "\n", 210 | "As you can see, there are several non-numeric columns that need to be converted! Many of them are simply `yes`/`no`, e.g. `internet`. These can be reasonably converted into `1`/`0` (binary) values.\n", 211 | "\n", 212 | "Other columns, like `Mjob` and `Fjob`, have more than two values, and are known as _categorical variables_. The recommended way to handle such a column is to create as many columns as possible values (e.g. `Fjob_teacher`, `Fjob_other`, `Fjob_services`, etc.), and assign a `1` to one of them and `0` to all others.\n", 213 | "\n", 214 | "These generated columns are sometimes called _dummy variables_, and we will use the [`pandas.get_dummies()`](http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.get_dummies.html?highlight=get_dummies#pandas.get_dummies) function to perform this transformation. Run the code cell below to perform the preprocessing routine discussed in this section." 215 | ] 216 | }, 217 | { 218 | "cell_type": "code", 219 | "execution_count": 4, 220 | "metadata": { 221 | "collapsed": false 222 | }, 223 | "outputs": [ 224 | { 225 | "name": "stdout", 226 | "output_type": "stream", 227 | "text": [ 228 | "Processed feature columns (48 total features):\n", 229 | "['school_GP', 'school_MS', 'sex_F', 'sex_M', 'age', 'address_R', 'address_U', 'famsize_GT3', 'famsize_LE3', 'Pstatus_A', 'Pstatus_T', 'Medu', 'Fedu', 'Mjob_at_home', 'Mjob_health', 'Mjob_other', 'Mjob_services', 'Mjob_teacher', 'Fjob_at_home', 'Fjob_health', 'Fjob_other', 'Fjob_services', 'Fjob_teacher', 'reason_course', 'reason_home', 'reason_other', 'reason_reputation', 'guardian_father', 'guardian_mother', 'guardian_other', 'traveltime', 'studytime', 'failures', 'schoolsup', 'famsup', 'paid', 'activities', 'nursery', 'higher', 'internet', 'romantic', 'famrel', 'freetime', 'goout', 'Dalc', 'Walc', 'health', 'absences']\n" 230 | ] 231 | } 232 | ], 233 | "source": [ 234 | "def preprocess_features(X):\n", 235 | " ''' Preprocesses the student data and converts non-numeric binary variables into\n", 236 | " binary (0/1) variables. Converts categorical variables into dummy variables. '''\n", 237 | " \n", 238 | " # Initialize new output DataFrame\n", 239 | " output = pd.DataFrame(index = X.index)\n", 240 | "\n", 241 | " # Investigate each feature column for the data\n", 242 | " for col, col_data in X.iteritems():\n", 243 | " \n", 244 | " # If data type is non-numeric, replace all yes/no values with 1/0\n", 245 | " if col_data.dtype == object:\n", 246 | " col_data = col_data.replace(['yes', 'no'], [1, 0])\n", 247 | "\n", 248 | " # If data type is categorical, convert to dummy variables\n", 249 | " if col_data.dtype == object:\n", 250 | " # Example: 'school' => 'school_GP' and 'school_MS'\n", 251 | " col_data = pd.get_dummies(col_data, prefix = col) \n", 252 | " \n", 253 | " # Collect the revised columns\n", 254 | " output = output.join(col_data)\n", 255 | " \n", 256 | " return output\n", 257 | "\n", 258 | "X_all = preprocess_features(X_all)\n", 259 | "print \"Processed feature columns ({} total features):\\n{}\".format(len(X_all.columns), list(X_all.columns))" 260 | ] 261 | }, 262 | { 263 | "cell_type": "markdown", 264 | "metadata": {}, 265 | "source": [ 266 | "### Implementation: Training and Testing Data Split\n", 267 | "So far, we have converted all _categorical_ features into numeric values. For the next step, we split the data (both features and corresponding labels) into training and test sets. In the following code cell below, you will need to implement the following:\n", 268 | "- Randomly shuffle and split the data (`X_all`, `y_all`) into training and testing subsets.\n", 269 | " - Use 300 training points (approximately 75%) and 95 testing points (approximately 25%).\n", 270 | " - Set a `random_state` for the function(s) you use, if provided.\n", 271 | " - Store the results in `X_train`, `X_test`, `y_train`, and `y_test`." 272 | ] 273 | }, 274 | { 275 | "cell_type": "code", 276 | "execution_count": 53, 277 | "metadata": { 278 | "collapsed": false 279 | }, 280 | "outputs": [ 281 | { 282 | "name": "stdout", 283 | "output_type": "stream", 284 | "text": [ 285 | "Training set has 300 samples.\n", 286 | "Testing set has 95 samples.\n" 287 | ] 288 | } 289 | ], 290 | "source": [ 291 | "# TODO: Import any additional functionality you may need here\n", 292 | "from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split\n", 293 | "\n", 294 | "# TODO: Set the number of training points\n", 295 | "num_train = 300\n", 296 | "\n", 297 | "# Set the number of testing points\n", 298 | "num_test = X_all.shape[0] - num_train\n", 299 | "\n", 300 | "\n", 301 | "# TODO: Shuffle and split the dataset into the number of training and testing points above\n", 302 | "\n", 303 | "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_all, y_all, test_size=num_test, random_state=23)\n", 304 | "\n", 305 | "# Show the results of the split\n", 306 | "print \"Training set has {} samples.\".format(X_train.shape[0])\n", 307 | "print \"Testing set has {} samples.\".format(X_test.shape[0])" 308 | ] 309 | }, 310 | { 311 | "cell_type": "markdown", 312 | "metadata": {}, 313 | "source": [ 314 | "## Training and Evaluating Models\n", 315 | "In this section, you will choose 3 supervised learning models that are appropriate for this problem and available in `scikit-learn`. You will first discuss the reasoning behind choosing these three models by considering what you know about the data and each model's strengths and weaknesses. You will then fit the model to varying sizes of training data (100 data points, 200 data points, and 300 data points) and measure the F1 score. You will need to produce three tables (one for each model) that shows the training set size, training time, prediction time, F1 score on the training set, and F1 score on the testing set." 316 | ] 317 | }, 318 | { 319 | "cell_type": "markdown", 320 | "metadata": {}, 321 | "source": [ 322 | "### Question 2 - Model Application\n", 323 | "*List three supervised learning models that are appropriate for this problem. What are the general applications of each model? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Given what you know about the data, why did you choose these models to be applied?*" 324 | ] 325 | }, 326 | { 327 | "cell_type": "markdown", 328 | "metadata": {}, 329 | "source": [ 330 | "**Answer: ** \n", 331 | "\n", 332 | "**Decision Tree** \n", 333 | "\n", 334 | "General Applications: The decision tree algorithm creates a branched network of logical tests. This allows data to flow through a pathway of probabilistic decisions based on its features, resulting in a prediction. Decision trees are versatile and can be used to predict user behavior in web applications, choose relevant web advertisements based on cookie data, or in medical diagnostics to predict appropriate treatments. \n", 335 | "\n", 336 | "Strengths: \n", 337 | " - Data does not need to be linearly separable. \n", 338 | " - Acquires data in a human readable pattern. \n", 339 | " - Can gain insight from both small and large datasets. \n", 340 | "\n", 341 | "Weaknesses: \n", 342 | "- Tendency to overfit the data. \n", 343 | "- More branches may lead to a higher error due from variance. \n", 344 | "\n", 345 | "Why?: The decision tree was chosen for this application because the dataset contains labeled features that may contain outliners and non-linear separation. Decision trees are ideal for \n", 346 | "\n", 347 | "**Naive Bayes** \n", 348 | "\n", 349 | "General Applications: The Naive Bayes algorithm is based on conditional probability. It calculates the probability of an outcome, given that some other outcome has already been observed. It is commonly applied to text reading programs, such as email spam filters and content classification tools for social media feeds. \n", 350 | "\n", 351 | "Strengths:\n", 352 | "- Works especially well in high bias/low variance environments\n", 353 | "- Effective on small datasets\n", 354 | "- Fast and efficient to run compared to other algorithms\n", 355 | "\n", 356 | "Weaknesses: \n", 357 | "- Completely oblivious to dependent variable relationships in the data\n", 358 | "- Less effective as the data becomes larger and more complex \n", 359 | "\n", 360 | "Why?: The training set in this example is relatively small and many of the features are likely to be independent. If the features are in fact mostly dependent, a Naive Bayes model will be very effective. \n", 361 | "\n", 362 | "**Support Vector Machines (SVM)**\n", 363 | "\n", 364 | "General Applications: The SVM algorithm works by assigning data into a binary category, resulting in the optimal hyperplane for classifying data. The hyperplane divides the maximum margin between points in either classification. Text classification is a common SVM application, especially when dealing the a large number of features. SVMs are also used in speech recognition and facial expression classification in images. \n", 365 | "\n", 366 | "Strengths: \n", 367 | "- Different kernel methods can fine tune the algorithm to find a clear decision boundary. \n", 368 | "- Can separate non-linear boundaries. \n", 369 | "- Works well in high dimensional spaces.\n", 370 | "\n", 371 | "Weaknesses: \n", 372 | "- Tendency for the algorithm to be difficult to tune - bad kernel selection can cause overfitting. \n", 373 | "- Large computational requirements. \n", 374 | "\n", 375 | "\n", 376 | "Why?: The SVM algorithm is suitable for this application because the data contains many features. Using the kernel trick to make these features linearly separable will be effective for classifying passing/failing students. " 377 | ] 378 | }, 379 | { 380 | "cell_type": "markdown", 381 | "metadata": {}, 382 | "source": [ 383 | "### Setup\n", 384 | "Run the code cell below to initialize three helper functions which you can use for training and testing the three supervised learning models you've chosen above. The functions are as follows:\n", 385 | "- `train_classifier` - takes as input a classifier and training data and fits the classifier to the data.\n", 386 | "- `predict_labels` - takes as input a fit classifier, features, and a target labeling and makes predictions using the F1 score.\n", 387 | "- `train_predict` - takes as input a classifier, and the training and testing data, and performs `train_clasifier` and `predict_labels`.\n", 388 | " - This function will report the F1 score for both the training and testing data separately." 389 | ] 390 | }, 391 | { 392 | "cell_type": "code", 393 | "execution_count": 26, 394 | "metadata": { 395 | "collapsed": false 396 | }, 397 | "outputs": [], 398 | "source": [ 399 | "def train_classifier(clf, X_train, y_train):\n", 400 | " ''' Fits a classifier to the training data. '''\n", 401 | " \n", 402 | " # Start the clock, train the classifier, then stop the clock\n", 403 | " start = time()\n", 404 | " clf.fit(X_train, y_train)\n", 405 | " end = time()\n", 406 | " \n", 407 | " # Print the results\n", 408 | " print \"Trained model in {:.4f} seconds\".format(end - start)\n", 409 | "\n", 410 | " \n", 411 | "def predict_labels(clf, features, target):\n", 412 | " ''' Makes predictions using a fit classifier based on F1 score. '''\n", 413 | " \n", 414 | " # Start the clock, make predictions, then stop the clock\n", 415 | " start = time()\n", 416 | " y_pred = clf.predict(features)\n", 417 | " end = time()\n", 418 | " \n", 419 | " # Print and return results\n", 420 | " print \"Made predictions in {:.4f} seconds.\".format(end - start)\n", 421 | " return f1_score(target.values, y_pred, pos_label='yes')\n", 422 | "\n", 423 | "\n", 424 | "def train_predict(clf, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test):\n", 425 | " ''' Train and predict using a classifer based on F1 score. '''\n", 426 | " \n", 427 | " # Indicate the classifier and the training set size\n", 428 | " print \"Training a {} using a training set size of {}. . .\".format(clf.__class__.__name__, len(X_train))\n", 429 | " \n", 430 | " # Train the classifier\n", 431 | " train_classifier(clf, X_train, y_train)\n", 432 | " \n", 433 | " # Print the results of prediction for both training and testing\n", 434 | " print \"F1 score for training set: {:.4f}.\".format(predict_labels(clf, X_train, y_train))\n", 435 | " print \"F1 score for test set: {:.4f}.\".format(predict_labels(clf, X_test, y_test))" 436 | ] 437 | }, 438 | { 439 | "cell_type": "markdown", 440 | "metadata": {}, 441 | "source": [ 442 | "### Implementation: Model Performance Metrics\n", 443 | "With the predefined functions above, you will now import the three supervised learning models of your choice and run the `train_predict` function for each one. Remember that you will need to train and predict on each classifier for three different training set sizes: 100, 200, and 300. Hence, you should expect to have 9 different outputs below — 3 for each model using the varying training set sizes. In the following code cell, you will need to implement the following:\n", 444 | "- Import the three supervised learning models you've discussed in the previous section.\n", 445 | "- Initialize the three models and store them in `clf_A`, `clf_B`, and `clf_C`.\n", 446 | " - Use a `random_state` for each model you use, if provided.\n", 447 | " - **Note:** Use the default settings for each model — you will tune one specific model in a later section.\n", 448 | "- Create the different training set sizes to be used to train each model.\n", 449 | " - *Do not reshuffle and resplit the data! The new training points should be drawn from `X_train` and `y_train`.*\n", 450 | "- Fit each model with each training set size and make predictions on the test set (9 in total). \n", 451 | "**Note:** Three tables are provided after the following code cell which can be used to store your results." 452 | ] 453 | }, 454 | { 455 | "cell_type": "code", 456 | "execution_count": 56, 457 | "metadata": { 458 | "collapsed": false 459 | }, 460 | "outputs": [ 461 | { 462 | "name": "stdout", 463 | "output_type": "stream", 464 | "text": [ 465 | "Training a DecisionTreeClassifier using a training set size of 100. . .\n", 466 | "Trained model in 0.0015 seconds\n", 467 | "Made predictions in 0.0002 seconds.\n", 468 | "F1 score for training set: 1.0000.\n", 469 | "Made predictions in 0.0004 seconds.\n", 470 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7704.\n", 471 | "\n", 472 | "\n", 473 | "Training a DecisionTreeClassifier using a training set size of 200. . .\n", 474 | "Trained model in 0.0015 seconds\n", 475 | "Made predictions in 0.0002 seconds.\n", 476 | "F1 score for training set: 1.0000.\n", 477 | "Made predictions in 0.0002 seconds.\n", 478 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7164.\n", 479 | "\n", 480 | "\n", 481 | "Training a DecisionTreeClassifier using a training set size of 300. . .\n", 482 | "Trained model in 0.0019 seconds\n", 483 | "Made predictions in 0.0003 seconds.\n", 484 | "F1 score for training set: 1.0000.\n", 485 | "Made predictions in 0.0002 seconds.\n", 486 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7259.\n", 487 | "\n", 488 | "\n", 489 | "Training a MultinomialNB using a training set size of 100. . .\n", 490 | "Trained model in 0.0010 seconds\n", 491 | "Made predictions in 0.0003 seconds.\n", 492 | "F1 score for training set: 0.7812.\n", 493 | "Made predictions in 0.0003 seconds.\n", 494 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7324.\n", 495 | "\n", 496 | "\n", 497 | "Training a MultinomialNB using a training set size of 200. . .\n", 498 | "Trained model in 0.0019 seconds\n", 499 | "Made predictions in 0.0004 seconds.\n", 500 | "F1 score for training set: 0.7653.\n", 501 | "Made predictions in 0.0003 seconds.\n", 502 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7639.\n", 503 | "\n", 504 | "\n", 505 | "Training a MultinomialNB using a training set size of 300. . .\n", 506 | "Trained model in 0.0013 seconds\n", 507 | "Made predictions in 0.0003 seconds.\n", 508 | "F1 score for training set: 0.7775.\n", 509 | "Made predictions in 0.0002 seconds.\n", 510 | "F1 score for test set: 0.7500.\n", 511 | "\n", 512 | "\n", 513 | "Training a SVC using a training set size of 100. . .\n", 514 | "Trained model in 0.0015 seconds\n", 515 | "Made predictions in 0.0009 seconds.\n", 516 | "F1 score for training set: 0.8551.\n", 517 | "Made predictions in 0.0015 seconds.\n", 518 | "F1 score for test set: 0.8079.\n", 519 | "\n", 520 | "\n", 521 | "Training a SVC using a training set size of 200. . .\n", 522 | "Trained model in 0.0039 seconds\n", 523 | "Made predictions in 0.0035 seconds.\n", 524 | "F1 score for training set: 0.8649.\n", 525 | "Made predictions in 0.0017 seconds.\n", 526 | "F1 score for test set: 0.8079.\n", 527 | "\n", 528 | "\n", 529 | "Training a SVC using a training set size of 300. . .\n", 530 | "Trained model in 0.0090 seconds\n", 531 | "Made predictions in 0.0053 seconds.\n", 532 | "F1 score for training set: 0.8724.\n", 533 | "Made predictions in 0.0019 seconds.\n", 534 | "F1 score for test set: 0.8054.\n", 535 | "\n", 536 | "\n" 537 | ] 538 | } 539 | ], 540 | "source": [ 541 | "# TODO: Import the three supervised learning models from sklearn\n", 542 | "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n", 543 | "from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB\n", 544 | "from sklearn.svm import SVC\n", 545 | "\n", 546 | "# TODO: Initialize the three models\n", 547 | "clf_A = DecisionTreeClassifier()\n", 548 | "clf_B = MultinomialNB()\n", 549 | "clf_C = SVC()\n", 550 | "\n", 551 | "# TODO: Set up the training set sizes\n", 552 | "X_train_100 = X_train[:100]\n", 553 | "y_train_100 = y_train[:100]\n", 554 | "\n", 555 | "X_train_200 = X_train[:200]\n", 556 | "y_train_200 = y_train[:200]\n", 557 | "\n", 558 | "X_train_300 = X_train\n", 559 | "y_train_300 = y_train\n", 560 | "\n", 561 | "# TODO: Execute the 'train_predict' function for each classifier and each training set size\n", 562 | "# train_predict(clf_C, X_train_100, y_train_100, X_test, y_test)\n", 563 | "\n", 564 | "for clf in [clf_A, clf_B, clf_C]:\n", 565 | " for size in [100, 200, 300]:\n", 566 | " train_predict(clf, X_train[:size], y_train[:size], X_test, y_test)\n", 567 | " print '\\n'" 568 | ] 569 | }, 570 | { 571 | "cell_type": "markdown", 572 | "metadata": {}, 573 | "source": [ 574 | "### Tabular Results\n", 575 | "Edit the cell below to see how a table can be designed in [Markdown](https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet#tables). You can record your results from above in the tables provided." 576 | ] 577 | }, 578 | { 579 | "cell_type": "markdown", 580 | "metadata": {}, 581 | "source": [ 582 | "** Classifer 1 - Decision Tree ** \n", 583 | "\n", 584 | "| Training Set Size | Training Time | Prediction Time (test) | F1 Score (train) | F1 Score (test) |\n", 585 | "| :---------------: | :---------------------: | :--------------------: | :--------------: | :-------------: |\n", 586 | "| 100 | 0.0015 | 0.0002 | 1.0000 | 0.7704 |\n", 587 | "| 200 | 0.0015 | 0.0002 | 1.0000 | 0.7164 |\n", 588 | "| 300 | 0.0017 | 0.0004 | 1.0000 | 0.7259 |\n", 589 | "\n", 590 | "** Classifer 2 - Multinomial Naive Bayes** \n", 591 | "\n", 592 | "| Training Set Size | Training Time | Prediction Time (test) | F1 Score (train) | F1 Score (test) |\n", 593 | "| :---------------: | :---------------------: | :--------------------: | :--------------: | :-------------: |\n", 594 | "| 100 | 0.0010 | 0.0003 | 0.7812 | 0.7324 |\n", 595 | "| 200 | 0.0019 | 0.0003 | 0.7653 | 0.7639 | \n", 596 | "| 300 | 0.0013 | 0.0003 | 0.7775 | 0.7500 |\n", 597 | "\n", 598 | "** Classifer 3 - SVC** \n", 599 | "\n", 600 | "| Training Set Size | Training Time | Prediction Time (test) | F1 Score (train) | F1 Score (test) |\n", 601 | "| :---------------: | :---------------------: | :--------------------: | :--------------: | :-------------: |\n", 602 | "| 100 | 0.0015 | 0.0009 | 0.8551 | 0.8079 |\n", 603 | "| 200 | 0.0039 | 0.0035 | 0.8649 | 0.8079 |\n", 604 | "| 300 | 0.0090 | 0.0023 | 0.8724 | 0.8054 |" 605 | ] 606 | }, 607 | { 608 | "cell_type": "markdown", 609 | "metadata": {}, 610 | "source": [ 611 | "## Choosing the Best Model\n", 612 | "In this final section, you will choose from the three supervised learning models the *best* model to use on the student data. You will then perform a grid search optimization for the model over the entire training set (`X_train` and `y_train`) by tuning at least one parameter to improve upon the untuned model's F1 score. " 613 | ] 614 | }, 615 | { 616 | "cell_type": "markdown", 617 | "metadata": {}, 618 | "source": [ 619 | "### Question 3 - Chosing the Best Model\n", 620 | "*Based on the experiments you performed earlier, in one to two paragraphs, explain to the board of supervisors what single model you chose as the best model. Which model is generally the most appropriate based on the available data, limited resources, cost, and performance?*" 621 | ] 622 | }, 623 | { 624 | "cell_type": "markdown", 625 | "metadata": {}, 626 | "source": [ 627 | "**Answer: ** Based on the experiments performed above, it appears the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is most appropiate in this scenario. As the training data increases in size, it creates a more generalized model with an increasing F1 score on testing data. It has the slowest computational performance, but this cost is acceptable given its superior ability to generalize the data. " 628 | ] 629 | }, 630 | { 631 | "cell_type": "markdown", 632 | "metadata": {}, 633 | "source": [ 634 | "### Question 4 - Model in Layman's Terms\n", 635 | "*In one to two paragraphs, explain to the board of directors in layman's terms how the final model chosen is supposed to work. For example if you've chosen to use a decision tree or a support vector machine, how does the model go about making a prediction?*" 636 | ] 637 | }, 638 | { 639 | "cell_type": "markdown", 640 | "metadata": {}, 641 | "source": [ 642 | "**Answer: ** Support Vector Machines work by focusing on data that is most difficult classify, such as two points near a decision boundary. If these two points can be classified accurately, intuition would tell us that the same formula can be applied to the remainder of the data. In other words, a SVM attempts to make sense of data that is hard to tell apart, then uses this logic to make predictions among the entire dataset. \n", 643 | "\n", 644 | "The prediction is made by with a technique known as the kernel trick, which transforms the shape of the data to become more linear. It starts by identifying the two closest points, known as support vectors, then taking the difference between them. The distance between each data point is maximized, while the optimal separation line will run directly through these two points. This line maximizes the margin between each point. A larger maximum margin will be more robust to classification errors. As more data is trained, it will create a boundary that separates passing students from failing students. \n", 645 | "\n" 646 | ] 647 | }, 648 | { 649 | "cell_type": "markdown", 650 | "metadata": {}, 651 | "source": [ 652 | "### Implementation: Model Tuning\n", 653 | "Fine tune the chosen model. Use grid search (`GridSearchCV`) with at least one important parameter tuned with at least 3 different values. You will need to use the entire training set for this. In the code cell below, you will need to implement the following:\n", 654 | "- Import [`sklearn.grid_search.gridSearchCV`](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.grid_search.GridSearchCV.html) and [`sklearn.metrics.make_scorer`](http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.metrics.make_scorer.html).\n", 655 | "- Create a dictionary of parameters you wish to tune for the chosen model.\n", 656 | " - Example: `parameters = {'parameter' : [list of values]}`.\n", 657 | "- Initialize the classifier you've chosen and store it in `clf`.\n", 658 | "- Create the F1 scoring function using `make_scorer` and store it in `f1_scorer`.\n", 659 | " - Set the `pos_label` parameter to the correct value!\n", 660 | "- Perform grid search on the classifier `clf` using `f1_scorer` as the scoring method, and store it in `grid_obj`.\n", 661 | "- Fit the grid search object to the training data (`X_train`, `y_train`), and store it in `grid_obj`." 662 | ] 663 | }, 664 | { 665 | "cell_type": "code", 666 | "execution_count": 61, 667 | "metadata": { 668 | "collapsed": false 669 | }, 670 | "outputs": [ 671 | { 672 | "name": "stdout", 673 | "output_type": "stream", 674 | "text": [ 675 | "Made predictions in 0.0059 seconds.\n", 676 | "Tuned model has a training F1 score of 0.8188.\n", 677 | "Made predictions in 0.0098 seconds.\n", 678 | "Tuned model has a testing F1 score of 0.8608.\n" 679 | ] 680 | } 681 | ], 682 | "source": [ 683 | "# TODO: Import 'GridSearchCV' and 'make_scorer'\n", 684 | "from sklearn.metrics import make_scorer \n", 685 | "from sklearn.grid_search import GridSearchCV\n", 686 | "\n", 687 | "# TODO: Create the parameters list you wish to tune\n", 688 | "parameters = {'kernel':('rbf', 'linear'), 'C': (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0), 'gamma' : ( 0.001, 1, 10) }\n", 689 | "\n", 690 | "\n", 691 | "# TODO: Initialize the classifier\n", 692 | "clf = SVC()\n", 693 | "\n", 694 | "# TODO: Make an f1 scoring function using 'make_scorer' \n", 695 | "f1_scorer = make_scorer(f1_score, pos_label='yes')\n", 696 | "\n", 697 | "# TODO: Perform grid search on the classifier using the f1_scorer as the scoring method\n", 698 | "grid_obj = GridSearchCV(clf, parameters, scoring=f1_scorer)\n", 699 | "\n", 700 | "# TODO: Fit the grid search object to the training data and find the optimal parameters\n", 701 | "grid_obj = grid_obj.fit(X_train, y_train)\n", 702 | "\n", 703 | "# Get the estimator\n", 704 | "clf = grid_obj.best_estimator_\n", 705 | "\n", 706 | "# Report the final F1 score for training and testing after parameter tuning\n", 707 | "print \"Tuned model has a training F1 score of {:.4f}.\".format(predict_labels(clf, X_train, y_train))\n", 708 | "print \"Tuned model has a testing F1 score of {:.4f}.\".format(predict_labels(clf, X_test, y_test))" 709 | ] 710 | }, 711 | { 712 | "cell_type": "markdown", 713 | "metadata": {}, 714 | "source": [ 715 | "### Question 5 - Final F1 Score\n", 716 | "*What is the final model's F1 score for training and testing? How does that score compare to the untuned model?*" 717 | ] 718 | }, 719 | { 720 | "cell_type": "markdown", 721 | "metadata": {}, 722 | "source": [ 723 | "**Answer: ** The final training/testing F1 score for the model is and 0.8188 and 0.8608. The original scores were 0.8724 and 0.8054. \n", 724 | "\n", 725 | "Decreasing the F1 score on the training data increases bias and decreases variance. This leads to a more generalized algorithm that is better at predicting unseen data. The F1 score for the testing data improved to 0.8608, and improvement of 4.2%. " 726 | ] 727 | }, 728 | { 729 | "cell_type": "markdown", 730 | "metadata": {}, 731 | "source": [ 732 | "> **Note**: Once you have completed all of the code implementations and successfully answered each question above, you may finalize your work by exporting the iPython Notebook as an HTML document. You can do this by using the menu above and navigating to \n", 733 | "**File -> Download as -> HTML (.html)**. Include the finished document along with this notebook as your submission." 734 | ] 735 | } 736 | ], 737 | "metadata": { 738 | "kernelspec": { 739 | "display_name": "Python 2", 740 | "language": "python", 741 | "name": "python2" 742 | }, 743 | "language_info": { 744 | "codemirror_mode": { 745 | "name": "ipython", 746 | "version": 2 747 | }, 748 | "file_extension": ".py", 749 | "mimetype": "text/x-python", 750 | "name": "python", 751 | "nbconvert_exporter": "python", 752 | "pygments_lexer": "ipython2", 753 | "version": "2.7" 754 | } 755 | }, 756 | "nbformat": 4, 757 | "nbformat_minor": 0 758 | } 759 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /titanic-survival/test.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | PassengerId,Pclass,Name,Sex,Age,SibSp,Parch,Ticket,Fare,Cabin,Embarked 2 | 892,3,"Kelly, Mr. James",male,34.5,0,0,330911,7.8292,,Q 3 | 893,3,"Wilkes, Mrs. James (Ellen Needs)",female,47,1,0,363272,7,,S 4 | 894,2,"Myles, Mr. Thomas Francis",male,62,0,0,240276,9.6875,,Q 5 | 895,3,"Wirz, Mr. Albert",male,27,0,0,315154,8.6625,,S 6 | 896,3,"Hirvonen, Mrs. Alexander (Helga E Lindqvist)",female,22,1,1,3101298,12.2875,,S 7 | 897,3,"Svensson, Mr. Johan Cervin",male,14,0,0,7538,9.225,,S 8 | 898,3,"Connolly, Miss. 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