├── ExportAddressTableHook
    ├── ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj
    ├── ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.filters
    ├── ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
├── FunctionHooking.sln
├── HardwareBreakpoint
    ├── HardwareBreakpoint.vcxproj
    ├── HardwareBreakpoint.vcxproj.filters
    ├── HardwareBreakpoint.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
├── ImportAddressTableHook
    ├── ImportAddressTableHook.vcxproj
    ├── ImportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.filters
    ├── ImportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
├── InlineHook
    ├── InlineHook.vcxproj
    ├── InlineHook.vcxproj.filters
    ├── InlineHook.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
├── InlineHookDetours
    ├── InlineHookDetours.vcxproj
    ├── InlineHookDetours.vcxproj.filters
    ├── InlineHookDetours.vcxproj.user
    ├── Source.cpp
    └── vcpkg.json
├── InlineHookWithTrampoline
    ├── InlineHookWithTrampoline.vcxproj
    ├── InlineHookWithTrampoline.vcxproj.filters
    ├── InlineHookWithTrampoline.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── SoftwareBreakpoint
    ├── SoftwareBreakpoint.vcxproj
    ├── SoftwareBreakpoint.vcxproj.filters
    ├── SoftwareBreakpoint.vcxproj.user
    └── Source.cpp
└── VirtualTableHook
    ├── Source.cpp
    ├── VirtualTableHook.vcxproj
    ├── VirtualTableHook.vcxproj.filters
    └── VirtualTableHook.vcxproj.user


/ExportAddressTableHook/ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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124 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
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134 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
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137 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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149 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp" />
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151 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
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154 | </Project>


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/ExportAddressTableHook/ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.filters:
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 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 | <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 3 |   <ItemGroup>
 4 |     <Filter Include="Source Files">
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10 |       <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
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18 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp">
19 |       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
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/ExportAddressTableHook/ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj.user:
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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 | <Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
3 |   <PropertyGroup />
4 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ExportAddressTableHook/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma comment(lib, "Dbghelp.lib")
  2 | 
  3 | #include <Windows.h>
  4 | 
  5 | #include <dbghelp.h>
  6 | #include <Psapi.h>
  7 | 
  8 | #include <array>
  9 | #include <cstring>
 10 | #include <format>
 11 | #include <iostream>
 12 | #include <string>
 13 | #include <type_traits>
 14 | 
 15 | using MessageBoxAPtr = int(__stdcall*)(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType);
 16 | static MessageBoxAPtr OriginalMessageBoxA{};
 17 | 
 18 | int HookMessageBoxA(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType) {
 19 |     return OriginalMessageBoxA(hWnd, "Hooked Hello World!", lpCaption, uType);
 20 | }
 21 | 
 22 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
 23 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
 24 | 
 25 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
 26 | 
 27 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
 28 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
 29 | 
 30 |     std::exit(-1);
 31 | }
 32 | 
 33 | template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer_v<T>, bool> = false>
 34 | T* RvaToPointer(const void* const baseAddress, const size_t offset) {
 35 | 
 36 |     return reinterpret_cast<std::add_pointer<T>::type>(
 37 |         reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(baseAddress) +
 38 |         offset);
 39 | }
 40 | 
 41 | DWORD_PTR PointerToRva(const void* const baseAddress, const void* const offset) {
 42 | 
 43 |     return reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(baseAddress) -
 44 |         reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(offset);
 45 | }
 46 | 
 47 | DWORD ChangeMemoryPermissions(void* const address, const size_t size, const DWORD protections) {
 48 | 
 49 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
 50 |     auto result{ VirtualProtect(address, size, protections, &oldProtections) };
 51 |     if (!result) {
 52 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
 53 |     }
 54 | 
 55 |     return oldProtections;
 56 | }
 57 | 
 58 | IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY* GetExportDirectory(void* const moduleBaseAddress) {
 59 | 
 60 |     ULONG size{};
 61 |     auto* exportDirectoryAddress{ ImageDirectoryEntryToData(
 62 |         moduleBaseAddress, TRUE, IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT, &size) };
 63 | 
 64 |     return reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY*>(
 65 |         exportDirectoryAddress);
 66 | }
 67 | 
 68 | DWORD* GetEATEntryByName(void* const moduleBaseAddress,
 69 |     const std::string& targetFunctionName) {
 70 | 
 71 |     auto* exportDirectory {
 72 |         GetExportDirectory(moduleBaseAddress) };
 73 |     if (exportDirectory == nullptr) {
 74 |         std::cerr << "Could not get base address of exports directory"
 75 |             << std::endl;
 76 |         return nullptr;
 77 |     }
 78 | 
 79 |     auto* const addressOffsets{ RvaToPointer<DWORD>(moduleBaseAddress,
 80 |         exportDirectory->AddressOfFunctions) };
 81 |     const auto* const nameOffsets{ RvaToPointer<DWORD>(moduleBaseAddress,
 82 |         exportDirectory->AddressOfNames) };
 83 |     const auto* const ordinalOffsets{ RvaToPointer<WORD>(moduleBaseAddress,
 84 |         exportDirectory->AddressOfNameOrdinals) };
 85 | 
 86 |     for (size_t index{}; index < exportDirectory->NumberOfFunctions; index++) {
 87 | 
 88 |         const auto exportedFunctionName{ std::string {
 89 |             RvaToPointer<char>(moduleBaseAddress,  nameOffsets[index]) } };
 90 | 
 91 |         if (targetFunctionName == exportedFunctionName) {
 92 |             return &addressOffsets[ordinalOffsets[index]];
 93 |         }
 94 |     }
 95 | 
 96 |     return nullptr;
 97 | }
 98 | 
 99 | std::array<unsigned char, 12> CreateJumpBytes(const void* const destinationAddress) {
100 | 
101 |     std::array<unsigned char, 12> jumpBytes{ {
102 |         /*mov rax, 0xCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC*/
103 |         0x48, 0xB8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC,
104 | 
105 |         /*jmp rax*/
106 |         0xFF, 0xE0
107 |     } };
108 | 
109 |     // Replace placeholder value with the actual hook address
110 |     const auto address{ reinterpret_cast<size_t>(destinationAddress) };
111 |     std::memcpy(&jumpBytes[2], &address, sizeof(void*));
112 | 
113 |     return jumpBytes;
114 | }
115 | 
116 | void* AllocateClosestAfterAddress(void* const moduleAddress, const size_t size) {
117 | 
118 |     MODULEINFO moduleInfo{};
119 |     const auto result{ GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), 
120 |         static_cast<HMODULE>(moduleAddress), &moduleInfo, sizeof(MODULEINFO)) };
121 |     if (!result) {
122 |         PrintErrorAndExit("GetModuleInformation");
123 |     }
124 | 
125 |     auto allocAddress{ reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(
126 |         moduleInfo.lpBaseOfDll) + moduleInfo.SizeOfImage };
127 | 
128 |     void* allocatedAddress{};
129 |     constexpr size_t ALLOC_ALIGNMENT = 0x10000;
130 |     do {
131 |         allocatedAddress = VirtualAlloc(reinterpret_cast<void*>(allocAddress),
132 |             size, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
133 |         allocAddress += ALLOC_ALIGNMENT;
134 |     } while (allocatedAddress == nullptr);
135 | 
136 |     return allocatedAddress;
137 | }
138 | 
139 | template <typename OriginalFunctionPtr>
140 | void InstallEATHook(const std::string& targetModuleName,
141 |     const std::string& targetFunctionName, void* const hookAddress,
142 |     OriginalFunctionPtr& originalFunction) {
143 | 
144 |     auto* moduleBaseAddress{ GetModuleHandleA(targetModuleName.c_str()) };
145 |     if (moduleBaseAddress == nullptr) {
146 |         moduleBaseAddress = LoadLibraryA(targetModuleName.c_str());
147 |     }
148 | 
149 |     auto* const eatEntryRva{ GetEATEntryByName(moduleBaseAddress, targetFunctionName) };
150 |     if (eatEntryRva == nullptr) {
151 |         std::cerr << std::format("Export address table entry "
152 |             "for {}:{} not found", targetModuleName, targetFunctionName)
153 |             << std::endl;
154 |         return;
155 |     }
156 | 
157 |     originalFunction = reinterpret_cast<OriginalFunctionPtr>(
158 |         RvaToPointer<void>(moduleBaseAddress, *eatEntryRva));
159 | 
160 |     const auto jumpBytes{ CreateJumpBytes(hookAddress) };
161 |     auto* const jumpStub{ AllocateClosestAfterAddress(
162 |         moduleBaseAddress, jumpBytes.size()) };
163 |     if (jumpStub == nullptr) {
164 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualAlloc");
165 |     }
166 | 
167 |     std::memcpy(jumpStub, jumpBytes.data(), jumpBytes.size());
168 | 
169 |     const auto oldProtections{ ChangeMemoryPermissions(
170 |         eatEntryRva, sizeof(void*), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
171 |     *eatEntryRva = static_cast<DWORD>(PointerToRva(jumpStub, moduleBaseAddress));
172 |     ChangeMemoryPermissions(eatEntryRva, sizeof(void*), oldProtections);
173 | }
174 | 
175 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
176 | 
177 |     MessageBoxAPtr UnusedMessageBoxAOriginalFncPtr =
178 |         reinterpret_cast<MessageBoxAPtr>(
179 |             GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"),
180 |                 "MessageBoxA"));
181 | 
182 |     InstallEATHook("user32.dll", "MessageBoxA",
183 |         HookMessageBoxA, OriginalMessageBoxA);
184 | 
185 |     MessageBoxAPtr MessageBoxAFnc =
186 |         reinterpret_cast<MessageBoxAPtr>(
187 |             GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"),
188 |                 "MessageBoxA"));
189 | 
190 |     if (MessageBoxAFnc == nullptr) {
191 |         std::cerr << "Could not find MessageBoxA export"
192 |             << std::endl;
193 |         return -1;
194 |     }
195 | 
196 |     MessageBoxAFnc(nullptr, "Hello World!", nullptr, 0);
197 | 
198 |     return 0;
199 | }


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/FunctionHooking.sln:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | 
  2 | Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
  3 | # Visual Studio Version 17
  4 | VisualStudioVersion = 17.6.33723.286
  5 | MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
  6 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "InlineHook", "InlineHook\InlineHook.vcxproj", "{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}"
  7 | EndProject
  8 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "InlineHookWithTrampoline", "InlineHookWithTrampoline\InlineHookWithTrampoline.vcxproj", "{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}"
  9 | EndProject
 10 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "InlineHookDetours", "InlineHookDetours\InlineHookDetours.vcxproj", "{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}"
 11 | EndProject
 12 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "HardwareBreakpoint", "HardwareBreakpoint\HardwareBreakpoint.vcxproj", "{446CBF0C-9A40-475C-9ED4-8A0F3609F7BC}"
 13 | EndProject
 14 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "SoftwareBreakpoint", "SoftwareBreakpoint\SoftwareBreakpoint.vcxproj", "{097D28F5-1AE9-4563-8ED4-852C2D4A3C28}"
 15 | EndProject
 16 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "VirtualTableHook", "VirtualTableHook\VirtualTableHook.vcxproj", "{BB7681A4-FE60-4BBE-B165-C9383C01B119}"
 17 | EndProject
 18 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "ImportAddressTableHook", "ImportAddressTableHook\ImportAddressTableHook.vcxproj", "{DEEA0304-8640-4D01-A5D3-E957261C1F8A}"
 19 | EndProject
 20 | Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "ExportAddressTableHook", "ExportAddressTableHook\ExportAddressTableHook.vcxproj", "{ED04D0A6-56C2-4245-8DA4-DCF8FBE0823B}"
 21 | EndProject
 22 | Global
 23 | 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 24 | 		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
 25 | 		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
 26 | 		Release|x64 = Release|x64
 27 | 		Release|x86 = Release|x86
 28 | 	EndGlobalSection
 29 | 	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
 30 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 31 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
 32 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 33 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
 34 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 35 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 36 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
 37 | 		{67F9FB4B-2921-4F76-B74B-1CD74A0CFA35}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 38 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 39 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
 40 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 41 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
 42 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 43 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 44 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
 45 | 		{D255677D-D515-4257-A7D6-1EB2D838FB63}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 46 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
 47 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
 48 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
 49 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
 50 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 51 | 		{D20D9B34-6E8E-4B26-B5CA-D2C27F78360C}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
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/HardwareBreakpoint/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | // Disable warning for usage of ctime
  2 | #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
  3 | 
  4 | #include <Windows.h>
  5 | #include <ProcessSnapshot.h>
  6 | 
  7 | #include <chrono>
  8 | #include <ctime>
  9 | #include <format>
 10 | #include <future>
 11 | #include <iostream>
 12 | #include <memory>
 13 | #include <string>
 14 | #include <thread>
 15 | 
 16 | #define OVERLOADED_MACRO(M, ...) _OVR(M, _COUNT_ARGS(__VA_ARGS__)) (__VA_ARGS__)
 17 | #define _OVR(macroName, number_of_args)   _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args)
 18 | #define _OVR_EXPAND(macroName, number_of_args)    macroName##number_of_args
 19 | 
 20 | #define _COUNT_ARGS(...)  _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(__VA_ARGS__,2,1)
 21 | #define _ARG_PATTERN_MATCH(_1,_2,N, ...)   N
 22 | 
 23 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(...)     OVERLOADED_MACRO(PrintErrorAndExit, __VA_ARGS__)
 24 | 
 25 | #define PrintErrorAndExit2( X, Y ) PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(X, __LINE__, Y)
 26 | #define PrintErrorAndExit1( X ) PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(X, __LINE__, GetLastError())
 27 | 
 28 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line, const size_t errorCode) {
 29 | 
 30 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
 31 |         functionName, line, errorCode) << std::endl;
 32 | 
 33 |     std::exit(-1);
 34 | }
 35 | 
 36 | void DisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
 37 | 
 38 |     const auto currentTime{ std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(
 39 |         std::chrono::system_clock::now()) };
 40 | 
 41 |     std::cout << std::format("{} @ {}",
 42 |         message, std::ctime(&currentTime)) << std::endl;
 43 | }
 44 | 
 45 | LONG WINAPI ExceptionHandler(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* const exceptionInfo) {
 46 | 
 47 |     if (exceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP) {
 48 |         
 49 |         if (exceptionInfo->ContextRecord->Dr6 & 0x1) {
 50 |             static std::string replacementMessage{ "Hooked Hello World!" };
 51 | 
 52 |             // Write in replacement message
 53 |             auto* firstParameter{ reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(
 54 |                 exceptionInfo->ContextRecord->Rcx) };
 55 |             *firstParameter = replacementMessage;
 56 | 
 57 |             // Set the resume flag before continuing execution
 58 |             exceptionInfo->ContextRecord->EFlags |= 0x10000;
 59 |         }
 60 | 
 61 |         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
 62 |     }
 63 | 
 64 |     return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
 65 | }
 66 | 
 67 | DWORD GetMainThreadId(const HANDLE processHandle) {
 68 | 
 69 |     std::shared_ptr<HPSS> snapshot(new HPSS{}, [&](HPSS* snapshotPtr) {
 70 |         PssFreeSnapshot(processHandle, *snapshotPtr);
 71 |     });
 72 | 
 73 |     auto result{ PssCaptureSnapshot(processHandle,
 74 |         PSS_CAPTURE_THREADS, 0, snapshot.get()) };
 75 |     if (result != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
 76 |         PrintErrorAndExit("PssCaptureSnapshot", result);
 77 |     }
 78 | 
 79 |     std::shared_ptr<HPSSWALK> walker(new HPSSWALK{}, [&](HPSSWALK* walkerPtr) {
 80 |         PssWalkMarkerFree(*walkerPtr);
 81 |     });
 82 | 
 83 |     result = PssWalkMarkerCreate(nullptr, walker.get());
 84 |     if (result != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
 85 |         PrintErrorAndExit("PssWalkMarkerCreate", result);
 86 |     }
 87 | 
 88 |     DWORD mainThreadId{};
 89 |     FILETIME lowestCreateTime{ MAXDWORD, MAXDWORD };
 90 | 
 91 |     PSS_THREAD_ENTRY thread{};
 92 | 
 93 |     // Iterate through the threads and keep track of the one
 94 |     // with the lowest creation time.
 95 |     while (PssWalkSnapshot(*snapshot, PSS_WALK_THREADS,
 96 |         *walker, &thread, sizeof(thread)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
 97 |         if (CompareFileTime(&lowestCreateTime, &thread.CreateTime) == 1) {
 98 |             lowestCreateTime = thread.CreateTime;
 99 |             mainThreadId = thread.ThreadId;
100 |         }
101 |     }
102 | 
103 |     return mainThreadId;
104 | }
105 | 
106 | bool SetDebugBreakpoint(const HANDLE& mainThreadHandle, const void* const targetAddress) {
107 | 
108 |     CONTEXT mainThreadContext {
109 |         .ContextFlags = CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS,
110 | 
111 |         // Set an address to break at on Dr0
112 |         .Dr0 = reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(targetAddress),
113 |         
114 |         // Set the debug control register to enable the breakpoint in Dr0
115 |         .Dr7 = (1 << 0)
116 |     };
117 | 
118 |     // Suspend the thread before setting its context
119 |     SuspendThread(mainThreadHandle);
120 | 
121 |     // Set the main threads context
122 |     auto result{ SetThreadContext(mainThreadHandle, &mainThreadContext) };
123 |     if (!result) {
124 |         PrintErrorAndExit("SetThreadContext");
125 |     }
126 | 
127 |     // Resume the thread after setting its context
128 |     ResumeThread(mainThreadHandle);
129 | 
130 |     return result != 0;
131 | }
132 | 
133 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
134 | 
135 |     std::async([]() {
136 |         const auto mainThreadId{ GetMainThreadId(GetCurrentProcess()) };
137 |         const auto mainThreadHandle{ OpenThread(
138 |             THREAD_SET_CONTEXT | THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME,
139 |             false, mainThreadId) };
140 | 
141 |         if (mainThreadHandle == nullptr) {
142 |             PrintErrorAndExit("OpenThread");
143 |         }
144 | 
145 |         // Add a custom exception handler
146 |         AddVectoredExceptionHandler(true, ExceptionHandler);
147 | 
148 |         if (!SetDebugBreakpoint(mainThreadHandle, DisplayMessageOnInterval)) {
149 |             std::cerr << std::format("Failed to set hardware breakpoint on {:X}",
150 |                 reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(DisplayMessageOnInterval))
151 |                 << std::endl;
152 |         }
153 | 
154 |         CloseHandle(mainThreadHandle);
155 | 
156 |     }).wait();
157 | 
158 |     while (true) {
159 |         DisplayMessageOnInterval("Hello World!");
160 |         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
161 |     }
162 | 
163 |     return 0;
164 | }
165 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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 10 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
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 27 |     <ProjectName>ImportAddressTableHook</ProjectName>
 28 |   </PropertyGroup>
 29 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
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 31 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 32 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
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 50 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 51 |     <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
 52 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 53 |     <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
 54 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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 62 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 63 |   </ImportGroup>
 64 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 65 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 66 |   </ImportGroup>
 67 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 68 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 69 |   </ImportGroup>
 70 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 71 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 72 |   </ImportGroup>
 73 |   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
 74 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 75 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 76 |   </PropertyGroup>
 77 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 78 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 79 |   </PropertyGroup>
 80 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 81 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 82 |   </PropertyGroup>
 83 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 84 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 85 |   </PropertyGroup>
 86 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 87 |     <ClCompile>
 88 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
 89 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
 90 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
 91 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
 92 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
 93 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
 94 |     </ClCompile>
 95 |     <Link>
 96 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
 97 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
 98 |     </Link>
 99 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
100 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
101 |     <ClCompile>
102 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
103 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
104 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
105 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
106 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
107 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
108 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
109 |     </ClCompile>
110 |     <Link>
111 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
112 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
113 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
114 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
115 |     </Link>
116 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
117 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
118 |     <ClCompile>
119 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
120 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
121 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
122 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
123 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
124 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
125 |     </ClCompile>
126 |     <Link>
127 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
128 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
129 |     </Link>
130 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
131 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
132 |     <ClCompile>
133 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
134 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
135 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
136 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
137 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
138 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
139 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
140 |     </ClCompile>
141 |     <Link>
142 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
143 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
144 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
145 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
146 |     </Link>
147 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
148 |   <ItemGroup>
149 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp" />
150 |   </ItemGroup>
151 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
152 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
153 |   </ImportGroup>
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 2 | <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 3 |   <ItemGroup>
 4 |     <Filter Include="Source Files">
 5 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
 6 |       <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
 7 |     </Filter>
 8 |     <Filter Include="Header Files">
 9 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
10 |       <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
11 |     </Filter>
12 |     <Filter Include="Resource Files">
13 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
14 |       <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
15 |     </Filter>
16 |   </ItemGroup>
17 |   <ItemGroup>
18 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp">
19 |       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
20 |     </ClCompile>
21 |   </ItemGroup>
22 | </Project>


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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 | <Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
3 |   <PropertyGroup />
4 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/ImportAddressTableHook/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #pragma comment(lib, "Dbghelp.lib")
  2 | 
  3 | #include <Windows.h>
  4 | 
  5 | #include <dbghelp.h>
  6 | 
  7 | #include <algorithm>
  8 | #include <format>
  9 | #include <iostream>
 10 | #include <string>
 11 | #include <type_traits>
 12 | 
 13 | using MessageBoxAPtr = int(__stdcall*)(HWND, LPCSTR, LPCSTR, UINT);
 14 | static MessageBoxAPtr OriginalMessageBoxA{};
 15 | 
 16 | int HookMessageBoxA(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType) {
 17 |     return OriginalMessageBoxA(hWnd, "Hooked Hello World!", lpCaption, uType);
 18 | }
 19 | 
 20 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
 21 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
 22 | 
 23 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
 24 | 
 25 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
 26 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
 27 | 
 28 |     std::exit(-1);
 29 | }
 30 | 
 31 | template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer_v<T>, bool> = false>
 32 | T* RvaToPointer(const void* const baseAddress, const size_t offset) {
 33 | 
 34 |     return reinterpret_cast<std::add_pointer<T>::type>(
 35 |         reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(baseAddress) +
 36 |         offset);
 37 | }
 38 | 
 39 | DWORD ChangeMemoryPermissions(void* const address, const size_t size, const DWORD protections) {
 40 | 
 41 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
 42 |     auto result{ VirtualProtect(address, size, protections, &oldProtections) };
 43 |     if (!result) {
 44 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
 45 |     }
 46 | 
 47 |     return oldProtections;
 48 | }
 49 | 
 50 | IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR* GetImportsDirectory(void* const moduleBaseAddress) {
 51 |     
 52 |     ULONG size{};
 53 |     auto* importsDirectoryBaseAddress{ ImageDirectoryEntryToData(
 54 |         moduleBaseAddress, TRUE, IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT, &size) };
 55 | 
 56 |     return reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR*>(
 57 |         importsDirectoryBaseAddress);
 58 | }
 59 | 
 60 | IMAGE_THUNK_DATA* GetIATEntryByName(void* const moduleBaseAddress,
 61 |     const std::string& targetModuleName,
 62 |     const std::string& targetFunctionName) {
 63 | 
 64 |     auto* importsDirectory{
 65 |         GetImportsDirectory(moduleBaseAddress) };
 66 |     if (importsDirectory == nullptr) {
 67 |         std::cerr << "Could not get base address of imports directory"
 68 |             << std::endl;
 69 |         return nullptr;
 70 |     }
 71 | 
 72 |     for (size_t index{}; importsDirectory[index].Characteristics != 0; index++) {
 73 | 
 74 |         auto moduleName{ std::string {
 75 |             RvaToPointer<char>(moduleBaseAddress,
 76 |             importsDirectory[index].Name) } };
 77 | 
 78 |         std::transform(moduleName.begin(), moduleName.end(), moduleName.begin(),
 79 |             [](unsigned char letter) { return std::tolower(letter); });
 80 | 
 81 |         // Skip modules that are not the target module
 82 |         if (moduleName != targetModuleName)
 83 |             continue;
 84 | 
 85 |         auto* addressTableEntry{ RvaToPointer<IMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
 86 |             moduleBaseAddress, importsDirectory[index].FirstThunk) };
 87 |         auto* nameTableEntry{ RvaToPointer<IMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(
 88 |             moduleBaseAddress, importsDirectory[index].OriginalFirstThunk) };
 89 | 
 90 |         for (; nameTableEntry->u1.Function != 0; nameTableEntry++, addressTableEntry++) {
 91 | 
 92 |             // Skip functions exported by ordinal
 93 |             if (nameTableEntry->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG) {
 94 |                 continue;
 95 |             }
 96 | 
 97 |             auto* importedFunction{ RvaToPointer<IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME>(
 98 |                 moduleBaseAddress, nameTableEntry->u1.AddressOfData) };
 99 | 
100 |             auto importedFunctionName{ std::string { 
101 |                 importedFunction->Name } };
102 |             if (importedFunctionName == targetFunctionName) {
103 |                 return addressTableEntry;
104 |             }
105 |         }
106 |     }
107 | 
108 |     return nullptr;
109 | }
110 | 
111 | template <typename OriginalFunctionPtr>
112 | void InstallIATHook(const std::string& targetModuleName,
113 |     const std::string& targetFunctionName, void* const hookAddress,
114 |     OriginalFunctionPtr& originalFunction) {
115 | 
116 |     auto* const moduleBaseAddress{ GetModuleHandle(nullptr) };
117 |     auto* const iatEntry{ GetIATEntryByName(moduleBaseAddress,
118 |         targetModuleName, targetFunctionName) };
119 |     if (iatEntry == nullptr) {
120 |         std::cerr << std::format("Import address table entry "
121 |             "for {}:{} not found", targetModuleName, targetFunctionName)
122 |             << std::endl;
123 |         return;
124 |     }
125 | 
126 |     originalFunction = reinterpret_cast<OriginalFunctionPtr>(
127 |         iatEntry->u1.Function);
128 | 
129 |     const auto oldProtections{ ChangeMemoryPermissions(iatEntry,
130 |         sizeof(IMAGE_THUNK_DATA), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
131 |     iatEntry->u1.Function = reinterpret_cast<ULONGLONG>(hookAddress);
132 |     ChangeMemoryPermissions(iatEntry, sizeof(IMAGE_THUNK_DATA), oldProtections);
133 | }
134 | 
135 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
136 | 
137 |     MessageBoxA(nullptr, "Hello World!", nullptr, 0);
138 | 
139 |     InstallIATHook<MessageBoxAPtr>("user32.dll", "MessageBoxA",
140 |         HookMessageBoxA, OriginalMessageBoxA);
141 | 
142 |     MessageBoxA(nullptr, "Hello World!", nullptr, 0);
143 | 
144 |     return 0;
145 | }
146 | 


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/InlineHook/InlineHook.vcxproj:
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  1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2 | <Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  3 |   <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
  4 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
  5 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
  6 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
  7 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
  8 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
  9 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 10 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
 11 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 12 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
 13 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
 14 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 15 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 16 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
 17 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 18 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 19 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 20 |   </ItemGroup>
 21 |   <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
 22 |     <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
 23 |     <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
 24 |     <ProjectGuid>{67f9fb4b-2921-4f76-b74b-1cd74a0cfa35}</ProjectGuid>
 25 |     <RootNamespace>HandsOnReverseEngineering</RootNamespace>
 26 |     <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
 27 |     <ProjectName>InlineHook</ProjectName>
 28 |   </PropertyGroup>
 29 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
 30 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
 31 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 32 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
 33 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 34 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 35 |   </PropertyGroup>
 36 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
 37 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 38 |     <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
 39 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 40 |     <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
 41 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 42 |   </PropertyGroup>
 43 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
 44 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 45 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
 46 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 47 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 48 |   </PropertyGroup>
 49 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
 50 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 51 |     <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
 52 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 53 |     <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
 54 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 55 |   </PropertyGroup>
 56 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
 57 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
 58 |   </ImportGroup>
 59 |   <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
 60 |   </ImportGroup>
 61 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 62 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 63 |   </ImportGroup>
 64 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 65 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 66 |   </ImportGroup>
 67 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 68 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 69 |   </ImportGroup>
 70 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 71 |     <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
 72 |   </ImportGroup>
 73 |   <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
 74 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 75 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 76 |   </PropertyGroup>
 77 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
 78 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 79 |   </PropertyGroup>
 80 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
 81 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 82 |   </PropertyGroup>
 83 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
 84 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 85 |   </PropertyGroup>
 86 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 87 |     <ClCompile>
 88 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
 89 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
 90 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
 91 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
 92 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
 93 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
 94 |     </ClCompile>
 95 |     <Link>
 96 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
 97 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
 98 |     </Link>
 99 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
100 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
101 |     <ClCompile>
102 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
103 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
104 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
105 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
106 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
107 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
108 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
109 |     </ClCompile>
110 |     <Link>
111 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
112 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
113 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
114 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
115 |     </Link>
116 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
117 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
118 |     <ClCompile>
119 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
120 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
121 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
122 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
123 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
124 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
125 |     </ClCompile>
126 |     <Link>
127 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
128 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
129 |     </Link>
130 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
131 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
132 |     <ClCompile>
133 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
134 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
135 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
136 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
137 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
138 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
139 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
140 |     </ClCompile>
141 |     <Link>
142 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
143 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
144 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
145 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
146 |     </Link>
147 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
148 |   <ItemGroup>
149 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp" />
150 |   </ItemGroup>
151 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
152 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
153 |   </ImportGroup>
154 | </Project>


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/InlineHook/InlineHook.vcxproj.filters:
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 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 | <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 3 |   <ItemGroup>
 4 |     <Filter Include="Source Files">
 5 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
 6 |       <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
 7 |     </Filter>
 8 |     <Filter Include="Header Files">
 9 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
10 |       <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
11 |     </Filter>
12 |     <Filter Include="Resource Files">
13 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
14 |       <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
15 |     </Filter>
16 |   </ItemGroup>
17 |   <ItemGroup>
18 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp">
19 |       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
20 |     </ClCompile>
21 |   </ItemGroup>
22 | </Project>


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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 | <Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
3 |   <PropertyGroup />
4 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/InlineHook/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | // Disable warning for usage of ctime
 2 | #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 3 | 
 4 | #include <Windows.h>
 5 | 
 6 | #include <array>
 7 | #include <chrono>
 8 | #include <cstring>
 9 | #include <ctime>
10 | #include <format>
11 | #include <iostream>
12 | #include <string>
13 | #include <thread>
14 | 
15 | void HookDisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
16 | 
17 |     std::cout << "HookDisplayMessageOnInterval function called!"
18 |         << std::endl;
19 | }
20 | 
21 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
22 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
23 | 
24 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
25 | 
26 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
27 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
28 | 
29 |     std::exit(-1);
30 | }
31 | 
32 | void DisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
33 | 
34 |     const auto currentTime{ std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(
35 |         std::chrono::system_clock::now()) };
36 | 
37 |     std::cout << std::format("{} @ {}",
38 |         message, std::ctime(&currentTime)) << std::endl;
39 | }
40 | 
41 | DWORD ChangeMemoryPermissions(void* const address, const size_t size, const DWORD protections) {
42 | 
43 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
44 |     auto result{ VirtualProtect(address, size, protections, &oldProtections) };
45 |     if (!result) {
46 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
47 |     }
48 | 
49 |     return oldProtections;
50 | }
51 | 
52 | std::array<unsigned char, 12> CreateJumpBytes(const void* const destinationAddress) {
53 | 
54 |     std::array<unsigned char, 12> jumpBytes{ {
55 |         /*mov rax, 0xCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC*/
56 |         0x48, 0xB8, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0xCC,
57 | 
58 |         /*jmp rax*/
59 |         0xFF, 0xE0
60 |     } };
61 |     
62 |     // Replace placeholder value with the actual hook address
63 |     const auto address{ reinterpret_cast<size_t>(destinationAddress) };
64 |     std::memcpy(&jumpBytes[2], &address, sizeof(void *));
65 | 
66 |     return jumpBytes;
67 | }
68 | 
69 | void InstallInlineHook(void* const targetAddress, const void* const hookAddress) {
70 | 
71 |     const auto hookBytes{ CreateJumpBytes(hookAddress) };
72 |     const auto oldProtections{ ChangeMemoryPermissions(
73 |         targetAddress, hookBytes.size(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
74 |     std::memcpy(targetAddress, hookBytes.data(), hookBytes.size());
75 |     ChangeMemoryPermissions(targetAddress, hookBytes.size(), oldProtections);
76 | 
77 |     FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), nullptr, 0);
78 | }
79 | 
80 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
81 | 
82 |     InstallInlineHook(DisplayMessageOnInterval,
83 |         HookDisplayMessageOnInterval);
84 | 
85 |     while (true) {
86 |         DisplayMessageOnInterval("Hello World!");
87 |         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
88 |     }
89 | 
90 |     return 0;
91 | }


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/InlineHookDetours/InlineHookDetours.vcxproj:
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  1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2 | <Project DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  3 |   <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
  4 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
  5 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
  6 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
  7 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
  8 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
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 25 |     <RootNamespace>InlineHookDetours</RootNamespace>
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 27 |     <ProjectName>InlineHookDetours</ProjectName>
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152 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp" />
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18 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp">
19 |       <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
20 |     </ClCompile>
21 |   </ItemGroup>
22 |   <ItemGroup>
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/InlineHookDetours/InlineHookDetours.vcxproj.user:
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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 | <Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
3 |   <PropertyGroup />
4 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/InlineHookDetours/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | // Disable warning for usage of ctime
 2 | #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 3 | 
 4 | #include <Windows.h>
 5 | 
 6 | #include <array>
 7 | #include <chrono>
 8 | #include <cstring>
 9 | #include <ctime>
10 | #include <format>
11 | #include <iostream>
12 | #include <iterator>
13 | #include <string>
14 | #include <thread>
15 | 
16 | #include <detours/detours.h>
17 | 
18 | using HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampolinePtr = void(__stdcall*)(const std::string& message);
19 | static HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampolinePtr HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline{};
20 | 
21 | void HookDisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
22 | 
23 |     std::cout << "HookDisplayMessageOnInterval function called!"
24 |         << std::endl;
25 |     HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline("Hooked Hello World!");
26 | }
27 | 
28 | void DisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
29 | 
30 |     const auto currentTime{ std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(
31 |         std::chrono::system_clock::now()) };
32 | 
33 |     std::cout << std::format("{} @ {}",
34 |         message, std::ctime(&currentTime)) << std::endl;
35 | 
36 | }
37 | 
38 | template <typename Trampoline>
39 | void InstallInlineHook(void* targetAddress, void* const hookAddress,
40 |     const Trampoline*& trampolineAddress) {
41 | 
42 |     DetourTransactionBegin();
43 | 
44 |     DetourUpdateThread(GetCurrentThread());
45 |     PDETOUR_TRAMPOLINE detourTrampolineAddress{};
46 |     DetourAttachEx(&(static_cast<void*&>(targetAddress)),
47 |         static_cast<void *>(hookAddress),
48 |         &detourTrampolineAddress, nullptr, nullptr);
49 |     trampolineAddress = reinterpret_cast<Trampoline*>(detourTrampolineAddress);
50 |     // Add any additional hooks here
51 | 
52 |     DetourTransactionCommit();
53 | }
54 | 
55 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
56 | 
57 |     InstallInlineHook(DisplayMessageOnInterval, HookDisplayMessageOnInterval,
58 |         HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline);
59 | 
60 |     while (true) {
61 |         DisplayMessageOnInterval("Hello World!");
62 |         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
63 |     }
64 | 
65 |     return 0;
66 | }


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/InlineHookDetours/vcpkg.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | {
 2 |     "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/vcpkg-tool/main/docs/vcpkg.schema.json",
 3 |     "name": "detours-inline-hook",
 4 |     "version-string": "1.0.0",
 5 |     "dependencies": [
 6 |         {
 7 |             "name": "detours",
 8 |             "platform": "(windows & x64)"
 9 |         }
10 |     ]
11 | }


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/InlineHookWithTrampoline/InlineHookWithTrampoline.vcxproj:
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  5 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
  6 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
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  8 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
  9 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 10 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
 11 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 12 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
 13 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
 14 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 15 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 16 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
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 18 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 19 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 20 |   </ItemGroup>
 21 |   <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
 22 |     <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
 23 |     <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
 24 |     <ProjectGuid>{d255677d-d515-4257-a7d6-1eb2d838fb63}</ProjectGuid>
 25 |     <RootNamespace>InlineHookWithTrampoline</RootNamespace>
 26 |     <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
 27 |     <ProjectName>InlineHookWithTrampoline</ProjectName>
 28 |   </PropertyGroup>
 29 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
 30 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
 31 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 32 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
 33 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 34 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 35 |   </PropertyGroup>
 36 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
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 38 |     <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
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 40 |     <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
 41 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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 47 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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 49 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
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 52 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
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 56 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
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 74 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 75 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
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 84 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 85 |   </PropertyGroup>
 86 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 87 |     <ClCompile>
 88 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
 89 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
 90 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
 91 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
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102 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
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105 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
106 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
107 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
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112 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
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119 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
120 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
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122 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
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128 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
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131 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
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133 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
134 |       <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
135 |       <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
136 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
137 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
138 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
139 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
140 |     </ClCompile>
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142 |       <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
143 |       <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
144 |       <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
145 |       <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
146 |     </Link>
147 |   </ItemDefinitionGroup>
148 |   <ItemGroup>
149 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp" />
150 |   </ItemGroup>
151 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
152 |   <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
153 |   </ImportGroup>
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 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 | <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
 3 |   <ItemGroup>
 4 |     <Filter Include="Source Files">
 5 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
 6 |       <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
 7 |     </Filter>
 8 |     <Filter Include="Header Files">
 9 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
10 |       <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
11 |     </Filter>
12 |     <Filter Include="Resource Files">
13 |       <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
14 |       <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
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17 |   <ItemGroup>
18 |     <ClCompile Include="Source.cpp">
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1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
2 | <Project ToolsVersion="Current" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
3 |   <PropertyGroup />
4 | </Project>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/InlineHookWithTrampoline/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | // Disable warning for usage of ctime
  2 | #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
  3 | 
  4 | #include <Windows.h>
  5 | 
  6 | #include <array>
  7 | #include <chrono>
  8 | #include <cstring>
  9 | #include <ctime>
 10 | #include <format>
 11 | #include <iostream>
 12 | #include <iterator>
 13 | #include <string>
 14 | #include <thread>
 15 | 
 16 | // Trampoline pointer declaration
 17 | using HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampolinePtr = void (__stdcall*)(
 18 |     const std::string& message);
 19 | static HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampolinePtr HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline{};
 20 | 
 21 | void HookDisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
 22 | 
 23 |     std::cout << "HookDisplayMessageOnInterval function called!"
 24 |         << std::endl;
 25 |     HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline("Hooked Hello World");
 26 | }
 27 | 
 28 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
 29 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
 30 | 
 31 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
 32 | 
 33 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
 34 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
 35 | 
 36 |     std::exit(-1);
 37 | }
 38 | 
 39 | void DisplayMessageOnInterval(const std::string& message) {
 40 | 
 41 |     const auto currentTime{ std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(
 42 |         std::chrono::system_clock::now()) };
 43 | 
 44 |     std::cout << std::format("{} @ {}",
 45 |         message, std::ctime(&currentTime)) << std::endl;
 46 | }
 47 | 
 48 | DWORD ChangeMemoryPermissions(void* const address, const size_t size, const DWORD protections) {
 49 | 
 50 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
 51 |     auto result{ VirtualProtect(address, size, protections, &oldProtections) };
 52 |     if (!result) {
 53 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
 54 |     }
 55 | 
 56 |     return oldProtections;
 57 | }
 58 | 
 59 | std::array<unsigned char, 12> CreateJumpBytes(const void* const destinationAddress) {
 60 | 
 61 |     std::array<unsigned char, 12> jumpBytes{ {
 62 |             /*mov rax, 0xAABBCCDD11223344*/
 63 |             0x48, 0xB8, 0x44, 0x33, 0x22, 0x11, 0xDD, 0xCC, 0xBB, 0xAA,
 64 | 
 65 |             /*jmp rax*/
 66 |             0xFF, 0xE0
 67 |         } };
 68 | 
 69 |     // Replace placeholder value with the actual hook address
 70 |     const auto address{ reinterpret_cast<size_t>(destinationAddress) };
 71 |     std::memcpy(&jumpBytes[2], &address, sizeof(void*));
 72 | 
 73 |     return jumpBytes;
 74 | }
 75 | 
 76 | void* CreateTrampoline(void* const targetAddress, const size_t size) {
 77 | 
 78 |     const auto jumpBack{ CreateJumpBytes(
 79 |         reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(targetAddress) + size) };
 80 |     
 81 |     const auto trampolineStub{ VirtualAlloc(nullptr, size + jumpBack.size(),
 82 |         MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
 83 |     if (trampolineStub == nullptr) {
 84 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualAlloc");
 85 |     }
 86 | 
 87 |     std::memcpy(trampolineStub, targetAddress, size);
 88 |     std::memcpy(&reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(trampolineStub)[size],
 89 |         jumpBack.data(), jumpBack.size());
 90 | 
 91 |     return trampolineStub;
 92 | }
 93 | 
 94 | template <typename Trampoline>
 95 | void InstallInlineHook(void* const targetAddress, const void* const hookAddress,
 96 |     const Trampoline*& trampolineAddress) {
 97 | 
 98 |     // If you are seeing crashes, check the overwritten instruction
 99 |     // length below with what your compiler generated.
100 |     trampolineAddress = reinterpret_cast<Trampoline*>(
101 |         CreateTrampoline(targetAddress, 19));
102 | 
103 |     const auto hookBytes{ CreateJumpBytes(hookAddress) };
104 |     const auto oldProtections{ ChangeMemoryPermissions(
105 |         targetAddress, hookBytes.size(), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
106 |     std::memcpy(targetAddress, hookBytes.data(), hookBytes.size());
107 |     ChangeMemoryPermissions(targetAddress, hookBytes.size(), oldProtections);
108 | 
109 |     FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), nullptr, 0);
110 | }
111 | 
112 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
113 | 
114 |     DisplayMessageOnInterval("Hello World!");
115 | 
116 |     InstallInlineHook(DisplayMessageOnInterval,
117 |         HookDisplayMessageOnInterval, HookDisplayMessageOnIntervalTrampoline);
118 | 
119 |     while (true) {
120 |         DisplayMessageOnInterval("Hello World!");
121 |         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
122 |     }
123 | 
124 |     return 0;
125 | }


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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546 | Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
547 | from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
548 | means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
549 | shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
550 | of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
551 | following paragraph.
552 | 
553 |   Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
554 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
555 | under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
556 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
557 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
558 | but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
559 | 3 of the GNU General Public License.
560 | 
561 |   14. Revised Versions of this License.
562 | 
563 |   The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
564 | the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
565 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
566 | address new problems or concerns.
567 | 
568 |   Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
569 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
570 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
571 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
572 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software
573 | Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
574 | GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
575 | by the Free Software Foundation.
576 | 
577 |   If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
578 | versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
579 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
580 | to choose that version for the Program.
581 | 
582 |   Later license versions may give you additional or different
583 | permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
584 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
585 | later version.
586 | 
587 |   15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
588 | 
589 |   THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
590 | APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
591 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
592 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
593 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
594 | PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
595 | IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
596 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
597 | 
598 |   16. Limitation of Liability.
599 | 
600 |   IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
601 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
602 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
603 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
604 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
605 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
606 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
607 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
608 | SUCH DAMAGES.
609 | 
610 |   17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
611 | 
612 |   If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
613 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
614 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
615 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
616 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
617 | copy of the Program in return for a fee.
618 | 
619 |                      END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
620 | 
621 |             How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
622 | 
623 |   If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
624 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
625 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
626 | 
627 |   To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
628 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
629 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
630 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
631 | 
632 |     <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
633 |     Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
634 | 
635 |     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
636 |     it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
637 |     by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
638 |     (at your option) any later version.
639 | 
640 |     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
641 |     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
642 |     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
643 |     GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
644 | 
645 |     You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
646 |     along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
647 | 
648 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
649 | 
650 |   If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
651 | network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
652 | get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
653 | interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
654 | of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
655 | solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
656 | specific requirements.
657 | 
658 |   You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
659 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
660 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
661 | <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
662 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/README.md:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 1 | # functionhooks
 2 | 
 3 | API Function Hooking Techniques
 4 | 
 5 | Part 1: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/592
 6 | 
 7 | Part 2: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/593
 8 | 
 9 | Part 3: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/594
10 | 
11 | Part 4: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/595
12 | 
13 | Part 5: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/596
14 | 
15 | Part 6: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/597
16 | 
17 | Part 7: https://www.codereversing.com/archives/598
18 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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 67 |   <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
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 84 |     <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
 85 |   </PropertyGroup>
 86 |   <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
 87 |     <ClCompile>
 88 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
 89 |       <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
 90 |       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
 91 |       <ConformanceMode>true</ConformanceMode>
 92 |       <LanguageStandard>stdcpp20</LanguageStandard>
 93 |       <DebugInformationFormat>ProgramDatabase</DebugInformationFormat>
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102 |       <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
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/SoftwareBreakpoint/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | // Disable warning for usage of ctime
  2 | #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
  3 | 
  4 | #include <Windows.h>
  5 | 
  6 | #include <chrono>
  7 | #include <ctime>
  8 | #include <format>
  9 | #include <iostream>
 10 | #include <string>
 11 | #include <thread>
 12 | 
 13 | static void* drawTextAddress{ GetProcAddress(
 14 |     GetModuleHandleA("user32.dll"),
 15 |     "DrawTextA") };
 16 | 
 17 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
 18 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
 19 | 
 20 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
 21 | 
 22 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with {:X}",
 23 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
 24 | 
 25 |     std::exit(-1);
 26 | }
 27 | 
 28 | void SetMemoryBreakpoint(void* const targetAddress) {
 29 | 
 30 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
 31 |     MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memoryInfo{};
 32 |     auto result{ VirtualQuery(targetAddress, &memoryInfo,
 33 |         sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION)) };
 34 |     if (result == 0) {
 35 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualQuery");
 36 |     }
 37 | 
 38 |     result = VirtualProtect(targetAddress, sizeof(void*),
 39 |         memoryInfo.Protect | PAGE_GUARD, &oldProtections);
 40 |     if (!result) {
 41 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
 42 |     }
 43 | }
 44 | 
 45 | LONG WINAPI ExceptionHandler(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* const exceptionInfo) {
 46 | 
 47 |     if (exceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == STATUS_GUARD_PAGE_VIOLATION) {
 48 | 
 49 |         if (exceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress == drawTextAddress) {
 50 | 
 51 |             const static std::string replacementMessage{ "Hooked Hello World!" };
 52 | 
 53 |             // Set to replacement message address
 54 |             exceptionInfo->ContextRecord->Rdx = reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(
 55 |                 replacementMessage.c_str());
 56 |         }
 57 | 
 58 |         // Set single step flag so that memory breakpoints are re-enabled
 59 |         // on the next instruction execution.
 60 |         exceptionInfo->ContextRecord->EFlags |= 0x100;
 61 | 
 62 |         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
 63 |     }
 64 | 
 65 |     if (exceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP) {
 66 | 
 67 |         // Re-enable memory breakpoint since a different address might
 68 |         // have caused the guard page violation.
 69 |         SetMemoryBreakpoint(drawTextAddress);
 70 | 
 71 |         return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION;
 72 |     }
 73 | 
 74 |     return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
 75 | }
 76 | 
 77 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 78 | 
 79 |     // Add a custom exception handler
 80 |     AddVectoredExceptionHandler(true, ExceptionHandler);
 81 | 
 82 |     SetMemoryBreakpoint(drawTextAddress);
 83 | 
 84 |     auto hDC{ GetDC(nullptr) };
 85 |     const auto fontHandle{ GetStockObject(DEFAULT_GUI_FONT) };
 86 |     LOGFONT logFont{};
 87 |     GetObject(fontHandle, sizeof(LOGFONT), &logFont);
 88 | 
 89 |     logFont.lfHeight = 200;
 90 | 
 91 |     const auto newFontHandle{ CreateFontIndirect(&logFont) };
 92 |     SelectObject(hDC, newFontHandle);
 93 | 
 94 |     const std::string message{ "Hello World!" };
 95 | 
 96 |     while (true) {
 97 |         RECT rect{};
 98 |         DrawTextA(hDC, message.c_str(),
 99 |                 -1, &rect, DT_CALCRECT);
100 | 
101 |         DrawTextA(hDC, message.c_str(),
102 |             -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_NOCLIP);
103 | 
104 |         std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
105 |     }
106 | 
107 |     return 0;
108 | }
109 | 


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/VirtualTableHook/Source.cpp:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 | #include <Windows.h>
  2 | 
  3 | #include <iostream>
  4 | #include <format>
  5 | #include <typeinfo>
  6 | 
  7 | using NamePtr = void(__stdcall*)(void* const thisPointer);
  8 | static NamePtr OriginalName{};
  9 | 
 10 | void HookName(void* const thisPointer) {
 11 |     std::cout << "Hooked Name!" << std::endl;
 12 |     OriginalName(thisPointer);
 13 | }
 14 | 
 15 | class BaseClass {
 16 | public:
 17 |     virtual ~BaseClass() = default;
 18 | 
 19 |     virtual void Hello() const {
 20 |         std::cout << "Hello" << std::endl;
 21 |     }
 22 | 
 23 |     virtual void Name() const {
 24 |         std::cout << "Base" << std::endl;
 25 |     }
 26 | 
 27 |     virtual void Order() const {
 28 |         std::cout << "0" << std::endl;
 29 |     }
 30 | };
 31 | 
 32 | class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
 33 | public:
 34 |     void Name() const override {
 35 |         std::cout << "Derived" << std::endl;
 36 |     }
 37 | 
 38 |     void Order() const override {
 39 |         std::cout << "1" << std::endl;
 40 |     }
 41 | };
 42 | 
 43 | #define PrintErrorAndExit(functionName) \
 44 |     PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(functionName, __LINE__)
 45 | 
 46 | void PrintErrorWithLineAndExit(const std::string& functionName, const size_t line) {
 47 | 
 48 |     std::cerr << std::format("{}@{} failed with 0x{:X}",
 49 |         functionName, line, GetLastError()) << std::endl;
 50 | 
 51 |     std::exit(-1);
 52 | }
 53 | 
 54 | DWORD ChangeMemoryPermissions(void* const address,
 55 |     const size_t size, const DWORD protections) {
 56 | 
 57 |     DWORD oldProtections{};
 58 |     auto result{ VirtualProtect(address, size,
 59 |         protections, &oldProtections) };
 60 |     if (!result) {
 61 |         PrintErrorAndExit("VirtualProtect");
 62 |     }
 63 | 
 64 |     return oldProtections;
 65 | }
 66 | 
 67 | void OverwriteVTablePointer(void** const vtableBaseAddress,
 68 |     const size_t index, const void* const hookAddress) {
 69 | 
 70 |     auto oldProtections{ ChangeMemoryPermissions(&vtableBaseAddress[index],
 71 |         sizeof(void*), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE) };
 72 |     std::memcpy(&vtableBaseAddress[index], &hookAddress, sizeof(void*));
 73 |     ChangeMemoryPermissions(&vtableBaseAddress[index],
 74 |         sizeof(void*), oldProtections);
 75 | }
 76 | 
 77 | int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 78 |     
 79 |     BaseClass* base{ new BaseClass{} };
 80 |     BaseClass* derived{ new DerivedClass{} };
 81 | 
 82 |     // Prints out "Base"
 83 |     base->Name();
 84 | 
 85 |     // Prints out "Derived"
 86 |     derived->Name();
 87 | 
 88 |     std::cout << std::format("Base type equals derived type? {}",
 89 |         (typeid(base) == typeid(derived))) << std::endl;
 90 | 
 91 |     auto** vtableDerivedBaseAddress{ reinterpret_cast<void**>(
 92 |         *reinterpret_cast<void**>(derived))};
 93 | 
 94 |     for (int i{}; i < 4; i++) {
 95 |         const auto* const vtableEntry{ vtableDerivedBaseAddress[i] };
 96 |         std::cout << std::format("{}: 0x{:X}",  i,
 97 |             reinterpret_cast<size_t>(vtableEntry)) << std::endl;
 98 |     }
 99 | 
100 |     std::cout << "Performing function hook on derived instance"
101 |         << std::endl;
102 | 
103 |     OriginalName = reinterpret_cast<NamePtr>(vtableDerivedBaseAddress[2]);
104 | 
105 |     std::cout << "Calling Name" << std::endl;
106 |     derived->Name();
107 | 
108 |     OverwriteVTablePointer(vtableDerivedBaseAddress, 2, HookName);
109 | 
110 |     std::cout << "Calling Name after hook was installed" << std::endl;
111 |     derived->Name();
112 | 
113 |     return 0;
114 | }


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/VirtualTableHook/VirtualTableHook.vcxproj:
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 10 |       <Platform>Win32</Platform>
 11 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 12 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
 13 |       <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
 14 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 15 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 16 |     <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
 17 |       <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
 18 |       <Platform>x64</Platform>
 19 |     </ProjectConfiguration>
 20 |   </ItemGroup>
 21 |   <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
 22 |     <VCProjectVersion>16.0</VCProjectVersion>
 23 |     <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
 24 |     <ProjectGuid>{bb7681a4-fe60-4bbe-b165-c9383c01b119}</ProjectGuid>
 25 |     <RootNamespace>VirtualTableHook</RootNamespace>
 26 |     <WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>10.0</WindowsTargetPlatformVersion>
 27 |     <ProjectName>VirtualTableHook</ProjectName>
 28 |   </PropertyGroup>
 29 |   <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
 30 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
 31 |     <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
 32 |     <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
 33 |     <PlatformToolset>v143</PlatformToolset>
 34 |     <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
 35 |   </PropertyGroup>
 36 |   <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
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