├── util.h ├── Makefile ├── .gitignore ├── README.md ├── util.c ├── main.c └── LICENSE /util.h: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | void enable_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int size); 2 | char __user *convert_to_user_string(char* str, int len); 3 | 4 | struct page_change_data { 5 | pgprot_t set_mask; 6 | pgprot_t clear_mask; 7 | }; -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | hook-objs := main.o util.o 2 | obj-m += hook.o 3 | 4 | KERNEL_PATH := /home/code/android_kernel_samsung_gta4xl 5 | CCPATH := /home/code/toolchains/clang-r428724/bin:/home/code/toolchains/aarch64-linux-android-4.9/bin 6 | ARCH=arm64 7 | 8 | export PATH := ${CCPATH}:${PATH} 9 | export CLANG_TRIPLE = aarch64-linux-gnu- 10 | export CROSS_COMPILE = aarch64-linux-android- 11 | 12 | all: 13 | make CC=clang ARCH=$(ARCH) CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS) -C $(KERNEL_PATH) M=$(PWD) modules -j$(nproc --all) 14 | 15 | clean: 16 | make -C $(KERNEL_PATH) M=$(PWD) clean 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Prerequisites 2 | *.d 3 | 4 | # Object files 5 | *.o 6 | *.ko 7 | *.obj 8 | *.elf 9 | 10 | # Linker output 11 | *.ilk 12 | *.map 13 | *.exp 14 | 15 | # Precompiled Headers 16 | *.gch 17 | *.pch 18 | 19 | # Libraries 20 | *.lib 21 | *.a 22 | *.la 23 | *.lo 24 | 25 | # Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs) 26 | *.dll 27 | *.so 28 | *.so.* 29 | *.dylib 30 | 31 | # Executables 32 | *.exe 33 | *.out 34 | *.app 35 | *.i*86 36 | *.x86_64 37 | *.hex 38 | 39 | # Debug files 40 | *.dSYM/ 41 | *.su 42 | *.idb 43 | *.pdb 44 | 45 | # Kernel Module Compile Results 46 | *.mod* 47 | *.cmd 48 | .tmp_versions/ 49 | modules.order 50 | Module.symvers 51 | Mkfile.old 52 | dkms.conf 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Android Anti Root Detection 2 | 3 | It bypasses Root detection from the app (such as Game or Banking) 4 | 5 | Root permission is required to execute the Loadable kernel module. 6 | 7 | ## Features 8 | - When the app searches for root-related files, it returns a fake file or path. 9 | - Set your target apps at is_target_process() in main.c 10 | - Provides a fake su that is used when su is not installed. (type fakesu in shell) 11 | 12 | ## Build Enviroment 13 | - Download and build kernel sources such as Lineage OS. 14 | - Build guide : https://codetronik.tistory.com/151 15 | - Android cross compiler is required. 16 | - Download : https://github.com/Shubhamvis98/toolchains 17 | - Open the Makefile and modify the kernel source path and compiler path. 18 | 19 | ## Output 20 | - Loadable kernel module (.ko) 21 | 22 | ## Execution Error Types 23 | The error type can be checked with the dmesg command. 24 | - failed to load hook.ko: Invalid argument 25 | - (dmesg) disagrees about version of symbol printk 26 | - (demsg) Unknown symbol printk (err -22) 27 | - When compiling a kernel, the compiler should use Android-aarch. 28 | - failed to load hook.ko: Exec format error 29 | - (dmesg) disagrees about version of symbol module_layout 30 | - Kernel and Loadable kernel module versions must match perfectly. 31 | - modinfo hook.ko and uname -r in your mobile device. 32 | - failed to load hook.ko: Exec format error 33 | - (dmesg) LKM is not allowed by Samsung security policy. 34 | - LKM is not allowed in Samsung mobile phones :: In this case, bypass it or install Lineage OS 35 | 36 | ## Test Environment 37 | AARCH64 (ARM64) 38 | - Galaxy Tab S6 Lite (Android 11) / Lineage OS 18.1 39 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /util.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include // flush_tlb_kernel_range() 3 | #include // current_user_stack_pointer() 4 | #include // copy_to_user() 5 | #include // kallsyms_lookup_name() 6 | #include "util.h" 7 | 8 | // callback function 9 | static int change_page_range(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data) 10 | { 11 | struct page_change_data *cdata = data; 12 | pte_t pte = READ_ONCE(*ptep); 13 | pte = clear_pte_bit(pte, cdata->clear_mask); 14 | pte = set_pte_bit(pte, cdata->set_mask); 15 | set_pte(ptep, pte); 16 | 17 | return 0; 18 | } 19 | 20 | // It was written by referring to /arch/arm64/mm/pageattr.c -> set_memory_rw() 21 | // It is possible outside of VM Area. 22 | void enable_memory_rw(unsigned long addr, int size) 23 | { 24 | struct mm_struct *init_mm_ptr; 25 | struct page_change_data data; 26 | unsigned long start_addr_align = addr & PAGE_MASK; 27 | unsigned long end_addr_align = PAGE_ALIGN(addr + size); 28 | 29 | int page_size = end_addr_align - start_addr_align; 30 | 31 | data.set_mask = __pgprot(PTE_WRITE); 32 | data.clear_mask = __pgprot(PTE_RDONLY); 33 | pr_info("[CODETRONIK] rw addr %016lx size %x", start_addr_align, page_size); 34 | init_mm_ptr = (struct mm_struct *)kallsyms_lookup_name("init_mm"); 35 | if (init_mm_ptr == 0) 36 | { 37 | pr_info("[CODETRONIK] init_mm is not found!!", init_mm_ptr); 38 | return; 39 | } 40 | 41 | apply_to_page_range(init_mm_ptr, start_addr_align, page_size, change_page_range, &data); 42 | flush_tlb_kernel_range(start_addr_align, start_addr_align + page_size); 43 | } 44 | 45 | char __user *convert_to_user_string(char* str, int len) 46 | { 47 | char __user *user_pointer = (char __user *)current_user_stack_pointer() - len; 48 | copy_to_user(user_pointer, str, len); 49 | return user_pointer; 50 | } 51 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /main.c: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | #include 2 | #include 3 | #include // kallsyms_lookup_name() 4 | #include // copy_to_user() 5 | #include 6 | 7 | #include 8 | #include "util.h" 9 | 10 | MODULE_AUTHOR("codetronik"); 11 | MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 12 | MODULE_VERSION("1.0"); 13 | MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Anti Android Root Detector"); 14 | 15 | #define ENABLE_TARGET_PROCESS 16 | 17 | u64 *sys_call_table; 18 | char* selinux_enforcing; 19 | char fakesu[] = "/system/bin/fakesu"; 20 | char sh[] = "/system/bin/sh"; 21 | char dummy_path[] = "/8suza/sumalco"; 22 | 23 | ////// The prototype of these is defined in include/linux/syscall.h 24 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_openat)(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, umode_t mode); 25 | _original_openat org_openat; 26 | 27 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_faccessat)(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int mode); 28 | _original_faccessat org_faccessat; 29 | 30 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_fstatat)(int dfd, const char __user *filename, struct stat64 __user *statbuf, int flag); 31 | _original_fstatat org_fstatat; 32 | 33 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_fchmodat)(int dfd, const char __user * filename, umode_t mode); 34 | _original_fchmodat org_fchmodat; 35 | 36 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_fchownat)(int dfd, const char __user *filename, uid_t user, gid_t group, int flag); 37 | _original_fchownat org_fchownat; 38 | 39 | typedef asmlinkage ssize_t (*_original_read)(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count); 40 | _original_read org_read; 41 | 42 | typedef asmlinkage int (*_original_execve)(const char __user *filename, const char __user *const __user *argv, const char __user *const __user *envp); 43 | _original_execve org_execve; 44 | 45 | typedef asmlinkage long (*_original_write)(unsigned int fd, const char __user *buf, size_t count); 46 | _original_write org_write; 47 | ////// end of prototype 48 | 49 | bool is_target_process(void) 50 | { 51 | #ifdef ENABLE_TARGET_PROCESS 52 | int i = 0; 53 | 54 | // set your apps 55 | char* targetlist[] = { 56 | "go.minwon", // kr.go.minwon.m 57 | "sbanking", // com.shinhan.sbanking 58 | "fel", // me.iofel.packagelist 59 | "aaaa", // test 60 | }; 61 | 62 | for (i=0; i < sizeof(targetlist) / sizeof(targetlist[0]); i++) 63 | { 64 | if (strstr(current->comm, targetlist[i])) 65 | { 66 | return true; 67 | 68 | } 69 | } 70 | #else 71 | if (!strstr(current->comm, "swapper")) 72 | { 73 | return true; 74 | } 75 | #endif 76 | return false; 77 | 78 | } 79 | 80 | bool is_need_hook(const char *pathname) 81 | { 82 | char* blacklist[] = { 83 | "magisk", 84 | "/system/bin/su", 85 | "riru", 86 | "termux", 87 | }; 88 | int i = 0; 89 | 90 | for (i=0; i < sizeof(blacklist) / sizeof(blacklist[0]); i++) 91 | { 92 | if (strstr(pathname, blacklist[i])) 93 | { 94 | return true; 95 | } 96 | } 97 | return false; 98 | 99 | } 100 | 101 | asmlinkage int hook_execve(const char __user *filename, const char __user *const __user *argv, const char __user *const __user *envp) 102 | { 103 | char copystr[255] = {0, }; 104 | char user_msg[] = "please type at your shell \"setenforce 0\""; 105 | struct cred *cred; 106 | struct pt_regs *regs; 107 | regs = task_pt_regs(current); 108 | 109 | strncpy_from_user(copystr, filename, sizeof(copystr)); 110 | 111 | // Use when su is not installed. 112 | if (strstr(copystr, fakesu)) 113 | { 114 | pr_info("[execve hook] fakesu"); 115 | cred = (struct cred *)__task_cred(current); 116 | memset(&cred->uid, 0, sizeof(cred->uid)); 117 | memset(&cred->gid, 0, sizeof(cred->gid)); 118 | memset(&cred->suid, 0, sizeof(cred->suid)); 119 | memset(&cred->euid, 0, sizeof(cred->euid)); 120 | memset(&cred->egid, 0, sizeof(cred->egid)); 121 | memset(&cred->fsuid, 0, sizeof(cred->fsuid)); 122 | memset(&cred->fsgid, 0, sizeof(cred->fsgid)); 123 | memset(&cred->cap_inheritable, 0xff, sizeof(cred->cap_inheritable)); 124 | memset(&cred->cap_permitted, 0xff, sizeof(cred->cap_permitted)); 125 | memset(&cred->cap_effective, 0xff, sizeof(cred->cap_effective)); 126 | memset(&cred->cap_bset, 0xff, sizeof(cred->cap_bset)); 127 | memset(&cred->cap_ambient, 0xff, sizeof(cred->cap_ambient)); 128 | if (selinux_enforcing) 129 | { 130 | *selinux_enforcing = 0; // same as "setenforce 0" 131 | } 132 | else // 수동으로 setenforce 0 입력 필요 133 | { 134 | org_write(2, convert_to_user_string(user_msg, sizeof(user_msg)), sizeof(user_msg) - 1); 135 | } 136 | return org_execve(convert_to_user_string(sh, sizeof(sh)), argv, envp); 137 | } 138 | 139 | if (is_target_process() == false) 140 | { 141 | return org_execve(filename, argv, envp); 142 | } 143 | 144 | pr_info("[execve hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 145 | 146 | return org_execve(filename, argv, envp); 147 | } 148 | 149 | asmlinkage ssize_t hook_read(unsigned int fd, char __user *buf, size_t count) 150 | { 151 | char* copybuf; 152 | 153 | if (is_target_process() == false) 154 | { 155 | return org_read(fd, buf, count); 156 | } 157 | 158 | copybuf = (char*)kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL); 159 | copy_from_user(copybuf, buf, count); 160 | 161 | // your hook code 162 | 163 | kfree(copybuf); 164 | 165 | 166 | return org_read(fd, buf, count); 167 | } 168 | 169 | asmlinkage int hook_fchownat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, uid_t user, gid_t group, int flag) 170 | { 171 | return org_fchownat(dfd, filename, user, group, flag); 172 | } 173 | 174 | 175 | asmlinkage int hook_fchmodat(int dfd, const char __user * filename, umode_t modes) 176 | { 177 | return org_fchmodat(dfd, filename, modes); 178 | } 179 | 180 | asmlinkage int hook_fstatat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, struct stat64 __user *statbuf, int flag) 181 | { 182 | char copystr[255] = {0, }; 183 | 184 | struct pt_regs *regs; 185 | regs = task_pt_regs(current); 186 | 187 | strncpy_from_user(copystr, filename, sizeof(copystr)); 188 | 189 | 190 | if (strstr(copystr, fakesu)) 191 | { 192 | pr_info("[fstatat hook] fakesu"); 193 | return org_fstatat(dfd, convert_to_user_string(sh, sizeof(sh)), statbuf, flag); 194 | } 195 | 196 | if (is_target_process() == false) 197 | { 198 | return org_fstatat(dfd, filename, statbuf, flag); 199 | } 200 | 201 | if (is_need_hook(copystr) == true) 202 | { 203 | pr_info("[fstatat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s -> hook", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 204 | 205 | return org_fstatat(dfd, convert_to_user_string(dummy_path, sizeof(dummy_path)), statbuf, flag); 206 | } 207 | else 208 | { 209 | pr_info("[fstatat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 210 | 211 | } 212 | 213 | return org_fstatat(dfd, filename, statbuf, flag); 214 | } 215 | asmlinkage int hook_faccessat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int mode) 216 | { 217 | char copystr[255] = {0, }; 218 | 219 | struct pt_regs *regs; 220 | regs = task_pt_regs(current); 221 | 222 | strncpy_from_user(copystr, filename, sizeof(copystr)); 223 | 224 | if (strstr(copystr, fakesu)) 225 | { 226 | 227 | pr_info("[faccessat hook] fakesu"); 228 | return org_faccessat(dfd, convert_to_user_string(sh, sizeof(sh)), mode); 229 | } 230 | 231 | if (is_target_process() == false) 232 | { 233 | return org_faccessat(dfd, filename, mode); 234 | } 235 | 236 | if (is_need_hook(copystr) == true) 237 | { 238 | 239 | pr_info("[faccessat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s -> hook", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 240 | 241 | return org_faccessat(dfd, convert_to_user_string(dummy_path, sizeof(dummy_path)), mode); 242 | } 243 | else 244 | { 245 | pr_info("[faccessat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 246 | 247 | } 248 | 249 | return org_faccessat(dfd, filename, mode); 250 | 251 | } 252 | 253 | asmlinkage int hook_openat(int dfd, const char __user *filename, int flags, umode_t mode) 254 | { 255 | char copystr[255] = {0, }; 256 | struct pt_regs *regs; 257 | regs = task_pt_regs(current); 258 | 259 | if (is_target_process() == false) 260 | { 261 | return org_openat(dfd, filename, flags, mode); 262 | } 263 | 264 | 265 | strncpy_from_user(copystr, filename, sizeof(copystr)); 266 | 267 | if (is_need_hook(copystr) == true) 268 | { 269 | 270 | pr_info("[openat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s -> hook", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 271 | 272 | return org_openat(dfd, convert_to_user_string(dummy_path, sizeof(dummy_path)), flags, mode); 273 | } 274 | else if (strstr(copystr, "/proc/self/mounts")) 275 | { 276 | /* 277 | /proc/self/mounts 에서 아래의 로그가 남으므로 우회할 필요가 있음 278 | /dev/Nmtq/.magisk/block/system_root /system/bin/dmctl ext4 ro,seclabel,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0 279 | reference: https://github.com/darvincisec/DetectMagiskHide/blob/master/app/src/main/c/native-lib.c 280 | */ 281 | //char replace_mount[] = "/data/local/tmp/0.txt"; 282 | pr_info("[openat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s -> need hook", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 283 | 284 | //return org_openat(dirfd, convert_to_user_string(replace_mount, sizeof(replace_mount)), flags, mode); 285 | } 286 | else 287 | { 288 | pr_info("[openat hook] %s(%d) %016lx %016lx %s", current->comm, task_tgid_vnr(current), regs->regs[30], regs->pc, copystr); 289 | } 290 | 291 | return org_openat(dfd, filename, flags, mode); 292 | } 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | void syscall_hook(void) 297 | { 298 | sys_call_table = (u64*)kallsyms_lookup_name("sys_call_table"); 299 | pr_info("[CODETRONIK] syscall table %016lx", sys_call_table); 300 | 301 | enable_memory_rw((unsigned long)sys_call_table, 0x4000); 302 | 303 | org_openat = (_original_openat)sys_call_table[__NR_openat]; 304 | org_faccessat = (_original_faccessat)sys_call_table[__NR_faccessat]; 305 | org_fstatat = (_original_fstatat)sys_call_table[__NR3264_fstatat]; 306 | org_fchmodat = (_original_fchmodat)sys_call_table[__NR_fchmodat]; 307 | org_fchownat = (_original_fchownat)sys_call_table[__NR_fchownat]; 308 | org_read = (_original_read)sys_call_table[__NR_read]; 309 | org_execve = (_original_execve)sys_call_table[__NR_execve]; 310 | 311 | sys_call_table[__NR_faccessat] = (u64)hook_faccessat; 312 | sys_call_table[__NR_openat] = (u64)hook_openat; 313 | sys_call_table[__NR3264_fstatat] = (u64)hook_fstatat; 314 | sys_call_table[__NR_fchmodat] = (u64)hook_fchmodat; 315 | sys_call_table[__NR_fchownat] = (u64)hook_fchownat; 316 | sys_call_table[__NR_execve] = (u64)hook_execve; 317 | sys_call_table[__NR_read] = (u64)hook_read; 318 | 319 | } 320 | 321 | int init_module(void) 322 | { 323 | 324 | org_write = (_original_write)kallsyms_lookup_name("sys_write"); 325 | selinux_enforcing = (char*)kallsyms_lookup_name("selinux_enforcing"); 326 | pr_info("[CODETRONIK] selinux_enforcing %016lx value %c", selinux_enforcing, selinux_enforcing[0]); 327 | 328 | syscall_hook(); 329 | 330 | return 0; 331 | } 332 | 333 | void cleanup_module(void) 334 | { 335 | /* 336 | At the moment of exit, api functions still continue to be called, resulting in a fault. 337 | I checked the log below in /proc/last_kmsg 338 | [2: rmmod: 7927] Accessing user space memory(8) outside uaccess.h routines 339 | [2: rmmod: 7927] sec_debug_set_extra_info_fault = PAGE / 0x8 340 | [2: rmmod: 7927] Internal error: Accessing user space memory outside uaccess.h routines: 96000005 [#1] PREEMPT SMP 341 | */ 342 | sys_call_table[__NR_faccessat] = (u64)org_faccessat; 343 | sys_call_table[__NR_openat] = (u64)org_openat; 344 | sys_call_table[__NR3264_fstatat] = (u64)org_fstatat; 345 | sys_call_table[__NR_fchmodat] = (u64)org_fchmodat; 346 | sys_call_table[__NR_fchownat] = (u64)org_fchownat; 347 | sys_call_table[__NR_execve] = (u64)org_execve; 348 | sys_call_table[__NR_read] = (u64)org_read; 349 | 350 | 351 | } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 19 November 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure 12 | cooperation with the community in the case of network server software. 13 | 14 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 15 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License. 541 | 542 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the 543 | Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users 544 | interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version 545 | supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding 546 | Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source 547 | from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary 548 | means of facilitating copying of software. This Corresponding Source 549 | shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3 550 | of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the 551 | following paragraph. 552 | 553 | Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 554 | permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 555 | under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single 556 | combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 557 | License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 558 | but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version 559 | 3 of the GNU General Public License. 560 | 561 | 14. Revised Versions of this License. 562 | 563 | The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 564 | the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions 565 | will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 566 | address new problems or concerns. 567 | 568 | Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 569 | Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General 570 | Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 571 | option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered 572 | version or of any later version published by the Free Software 573 | Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 574 | GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 575 | by the Free Software Foundation. 576 | 577 | If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 578 | versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's 579 | public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 580 | to choose that version for the Program. 581 | 582 | Later license versions may give you additional or different 583 | permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any 584 | author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a 585 | later version. 586 | 587 | 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 588 | 589 | THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY 590 | APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT 591 | HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY 592 | OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, 593 | THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR 594 | PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM 595 | IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF 596 | ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 597 | 598 | 16. Limitation of Liability. 599 | 600 | IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 601 | WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 602 | THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 603 | GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 604 | USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 605 | DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 606 | PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 607 | EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 608 | SUCH DAMAGES. 609 | 610 | 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16. 611 | 612 | If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided 613 | above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, 614 | reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates 615 | an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the 616 | Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a 617 | copy of the Program in return for a fee. 618 | 619 | END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 620 | 621 | How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 622 | 623 | If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 624 | possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 625 | free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 626 | 627 | To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 628 | to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 629 | state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 630 | the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 631 | 632 | 633 | Copyright (C) 634 | 635 | This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 636 | it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published 637 | by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 638 | (at your option) any later version. 639 | 640 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 641 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 642 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 643 | GNU Affero General Public License for more details. 644 | 645 | You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License 646 | along with this program. If not, see . 647 | 648 | Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 649 | 650 | If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer 651 | network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to 652 | get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its 653 | interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive 654 | of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different 655 | solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the 656 | specific requirements. 657 | 658 | You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 659 | if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 660 | For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see 661 | . 662 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------