├── .gitignore ├── Dockerfile ├── Jenkinsfile ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── app.py ├── deployment.yaml ├── images ├── add_jenkins_credentials_border.png ├── build_now_jenkins_border.png ├── checkout_jenkins_scm_border.png ├── clone_url_border.png ├── create_github_repo_border.png ├── create_jenkins_user_border.png ├── dependencies_border.png ├── flake_error_border.png ├── git_code_push_border.png ├── github_repo_border.png ├── hello_world_browser_border.png ├── install_plugins_border.png ├── jenkins_build_scm_border.png ├── jenkins_build_status_border.png ├── jenkins_deploy_kubernetes_border.png ├── jenkins_global_credentials_border.png ├── jenkins_homepage_border.png ├── jenkins_script_border.png ├── kubernetes_service_border.png ├── local_repo_border.png ├── new_item_jenkins_border.png ├── open_jenkins_credentials_border.png ├── pipeline_from_scm_border.png ├── run_app_border.png └── select_jenkins_item_border.png ├── service.yaml └── test.py /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files 2 | __pycache__/ 3 | *.py[cod] 4 | *$py.class 5 | 6 | # C extensions 7 | *.so 8 | 9 | # Distribution / packaging 10 | .Python 11 | build/ 12 | develop-eggs/ 13 | dist/ 14 | downloads/ 15 | eggs/ 16 | .eggs/ 17 | lib/ 18 | lib64/ 19 | parts/ 20 | sdist/ 21 | var/ 22 | wheels/ 23 | pip-wheel-metadata/ 24 | share/python-wheels/ 25 | *.egg-info/ 26 | .installed.cfg 27 | *.egg 28 | MANIFEST 29 | 30 | # PyInstaller 31 | # Usually these files are written by a python script from a template 32 | # before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. 33 | *.manifest 34 | *.spec 35 | 36 | # Installer logs 37 | pip-log.txt 38 | pip-delete-this-directory.txt 39 | 40 | # Unit test / coverage reports 41 | htmlcov/ 42 | .tox/ 43 | .nox/ 44 | .coverage 45 | .coverage.* 46 | .cache 47 | nosetests.xml 48 | coverage.xml 49 | *.cover 50 | *.py,cover 51 | .hypothesis/ 52 | .pytest_cache/ 53 | 54 | # Translations 55 | *.mo 56 | *.pot 57 | 58 | # Django stuff: 59 | *.log 60 | local_settings.py 61 | db.sqlite3 62 | db.sqlite3-journal 63 | 64 | # Flask stuff: 65 | instance/ 66 | .webassets-cache 67 | 68 | # Scrapy stuff: 69 | .scrapy 70 | 71 | # Sphinx documentation 72 | docs/_build/ 73 | 74 | # PyBuilder 75 | target/ 76 | 77 | # Jupyter Notebook 78 | .ipynb_checkpoints 79 | 80 | # IPython 81 | profile_default/ 82 | ipython_config.py 83 | 84 | # pyenv 85 | .python-version 86 | 87 | # pipenv 88 | # According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control. 89 | # However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies 90 | # having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not 91 | # install all needed dependencies. 92 | #Pipfile.lock 93 | 94 | # PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow 95 | __pypackages__/ 96 | 97 | # Celery stuff 98 | celerybeat-schedule 99 | celerybeat.pid 100 | 101 | # SageMath parsed files 102 | *.sage.py 103 | 104 | # Environments 105 | .env 106 | .venv 107 | env/ 108 | venv/ 109 | ENV/ 110 | env.bak/ 111 | venv.bak/ 112 | 113 | # Spyder project settings 114 | .spyderproject 115 | .spyproject 116 | 117 | # Rope project settings 118 | .ropeproject 119 | 120 | # mkdocs documentation 121 | /site 122 | 123 | # mypy 124 | .mypy_cache/ 125 | .dmypy.json 126 | dmypy.json 127 | 128 | # Pyre type checker 129 | .pyre/ 130 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Dockerfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | FROM python:3.6 2 | MAINTAINER Shivam Mitra "shivamm389@gmail.com" # Change the name and email address 3 | COPY app.py test.py /app/ 4 | WORKDIR /app 5 | RUN pip install flask pytest flake8 # This downloads all the dependencies 6 | CMD ["python", "app.py"] 7 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Jenkinsfile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | pipeline { 2 | agent any 3 | 4 | environment { 5 | DOCKER_HUB_REPO = "shivammitra/flask-hello-world" 6 | CONTAINER_NAME = "flask-hello-world" 7 | DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS=credentials('dockerhub-credentials') 8 | } 9 | 10 | stages { 11 | /* We do not need a stage for checkout here since it is done by default when using "Pipeline script from SCM" option. */ 12 | 13 | stage('Build') { 14 | steps { 15 | echo 'Building..' 16 | sh 'docker image build -t $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest .' 17 | } 18 | } 19 | stage('Test') { 20 | steps { 21 | echo 'Testing..' 22 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 23 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 24 | sh 'docker run --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO /bin/bash -c "pytest test.py && flake8"' 25 | } 26 | } 27 | stage('Push') { 28 | steps { 29 | echo 'Pushing image..' 30 | sh 'echo $DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS_PSW | docker login -u $DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS_USR --password-stdin' 31 | sh 'docker push $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest' 32 | } 33 | } 34 | stage('Deploy') { 35 | steps { 36 | echo 'Deploying....' 37 | sh 'minikube kubectl -- apply -f deployment.yaml' 38 | sh 'minikube kubectl -- apply -f service.yaml' 39 | } 40 | } 41 | } 42 | } 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 2 | Version 3, 29 June 2007 3 | 4 | Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 5 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 | 8 | Preamble 9 | 10 | The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 | software and other kinds of works. 12 | 13 | The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14 | to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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But first, please read 674 | . 675 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # flask-hello-world-devops-project 2 | Build and deploy code a simple flask application using Jenkins and Kubernetes 3 | 4 | In this project, we are going to build a simple [CI/CD](https://www.atlassian.com/continuous-delivery/principles/continuous-integration-vs-delivery-vs-deployment) pipeline from scratch using tools like Flask, Docker, Git, Github, Jenkins and Kubernetes. 5 | 6 | ## Prerequisites 7 | 8 | * Python 9 | * Flask 10 | * Docker 11 | * Git and Github 12 | * Jenkins 13 | * Kubernetes 14 | * Linux machine 15 | 16 | ## Steps in the CI/CD pipeline 17 | 1. Create a "Hello world" Flask application 18 | 2. Write basic test cases 19 | 3. Dockerise the application 20 | 4. Test the code locally by building docker image and running it 21 | 5. Create a github repository and push code to it 22 | 6. Start a Jenkins server on a host 23 | 7. Write a Jenkins pipeline to build, test and push the docker image to Dockerhub. 24 | 8. Set up Kubernetes on a host using [Minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/) 25 | 9. Create a Kubernetes deployment and service for the application. 26 | 10. Use Jenkins to deploy the application on Kubernetes 27 | 28 | ## Project structure 29 | 30 | * app.py - Flask application which will print "Hello world" when you run it 31 | * test.py - Test cases for the application 32 | * requirements.txt - Contains dependencies for the project 33 | * Dockerfile - Contains commands to build and run the docker image 34 | * Jenkinsfile - Contains the pipeline script which will help in building, testing and deploying the application 35 | * deployment.yaml - [Kubernetes deployment](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) file for the application 36 | * service.yaml - [Kubernetes service](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) file for the application 37 | 38 | ## Create a project repository on Github 39 | 40 | Login to your github account and create a new repository. Do make sure that you have given a unique name for the repository. It's good to add a README file, Python .gitignore template and choose a licence. 41 | 42 | ![create-github-repo](images/create_github_repo_border.png) 43 | 44 | Click on "create repository". Now, the repository is created. 45 | 46 | ![github-repo](images/github_repo_border.png) 47 | 48 | ## Clone the repository on your system 49 | 50 | Go to your Github repository. Click on the "Code" section and note down the HTTPS url for the project. 51 | 52 | ![clone-url](images/clone_url_border.png) 53 | 54 | Open terminal on your local machine(Desktop/laptop) and run the below commands. 55 | 56 | ``` 57 | git clone https://github.com/codophobia/flask-hello-world-devops-project.git # Replace the url with the url of your project 58 | cd flask-hello-world-devops-project 59 | ``` 60 | 61 | Run ls command and you should be able to see a local copy of the github repository. 62 | 63 | ![local-repo](images/local_repo_border.png) 64 | 65 | ## Set up virtual Python environment 66 | 67 | Setting up a [virtual Python environment](https://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html) will help in testing the code locally and also collecting all the dependencies. 68 | 69 | ```bash 70 | python3 -m venv venv # Create the virtual env named venv 71 | source venv/bin/activate # Activate the virtual env 72 | ``` 73 | 74 | ## Create a Flask application 75 | 76 | Install the flask module. 77 | 78 | ```bash 79 | pip install flask 80 | ``` 81 | 82 | Open the repository that you have just cloned in your favourite text editor. 83 | Create a new file named "app.py" and add the below code. 84 | 85 | ```python 86 | from flask import Flask 87 | import os 88 | 89 | app = Flask(__name__) 90 | 91 | 92 | @app.route("/") 93 | def hello(): 94 | return "Hello world!!!" 95 | 96 | 97 | if __name__ == "__main__": 98 | port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000)) 99 | app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port) 100 | ``` 101 | 102 | The above code when run will start a web server on port number 5000. You can test the code by running it. 103 | 104 | ```bash 105 | python app.py 106 | ``` 107 | 108 | You should see the output below after running the above command. 109 | 110 | ![run-app](images/run_app_border.png) 111 | 112 | Open your browser and visit [](http://127.0.0.1:5000). You should see "Hello world" printed on the browser. 113 | 114 | ![hello-world-browser](images/hello_world_browser_border.png) 115 | 116 | ## Write test cases using pytest 117 | 118 | Install [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.1.x/) module. We will use pytest for testing. 119 | 120 | ```bash 121 | pip install pytest 122 | ``` 123 | 124 | Create a new file named "test.py" and add a basic test case. 125 | 126 | ```python 127 | from app import app 128 | 129 | 130 | def test_hello(): 131 | response = app.test_client().get('/') 132 | assert response.status_code == 200 133 | assert response.data == b'Hello world!!!' 134 | ``` 135 | 136 | Run the test file using pytest. 137 | 138 | ```bash 139 | pytest test.py 140 | ``` 141 | 142 | ## Run code quality tests using flake 143 | 144 | It's always recommended to write quality code with proper coding standards, proper code formatting and code with no syntax errors. 145 | 146 | [Flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/) can be used to check the quality of the code in Python. 147 | 148 | Install the flake8 module. 149 | 150 | ```bash 151 | pip install flake8 152 | ``` 153 | 154 | Run flake8 command. 155 | 156 | ```bash 157 | flake8 --exclude venv # Ignore files in venv for quality check 158 | ``` 159 | 160 | If you do not see any output, it means that everything is alright with code quality. 161 | 162 | Try removing the spaces between commas in the app.py and then run flake8 command again. You should see the following errors. 163 | 164 | ![flake-error](images/flake_error_border.png) 165 | 166 | Add space again and you will not see the error now. 167 | 168 | ## Dockerise the application 169 | 170 | Install docker on your system. Follow [https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) 171 | 172 | Create a file named "Dockerfile" and add the below code. 173 | 174 | ``` 175 | FROM python:3.6 176 | MAINTAINER Shivam Mitra "shivamm389@gmail.com" # Change the name and email address 177 | COPY app.py test.py /app/ 178 | WORKDIR /app 179 | RUN pip install flask pytest flake8 # This downloads all the dependencies 180 | CMD ["python", "app.py"] 181 | ``` 182 | 183 | Build the docker image. 184 | 185 | ```bash 186 | docker build -t flask-hello-world . 187 | ``` 188 | 189 | Run the application using docker image. 190 | 191 | ```bash 192 | docker run -it -p 5000:5000 flask-hello-world 193 | ``` 194 | 195 | Run test case 196 | 197 | ```bash 198 | docker run -it flask-hello-world pytest test.py 199 | ``` 200 | 201 | Run flake8 tests 202 | 203 | ```bash 204 | docker run -it flask-hello-world flake8 205 | ``` 206 | 207 | You can verify if the application is running by opening the page in the browser. 208 | 209 | Push the image to dockerhub. You will need an account on docker hub for this. 210 | 211 | ```bash 212 | docker login # Login to docker hub 213 | docker tag flask-hello-world shivammitra/flask-hello-world # Replace with your docker hub username 214 | docker push shivammitra/flask-hello-world 215 | ``` 216 | 217 | ## Push the code to github 218 | 219 | Till now, we haven't pushed the code to our remote repository. Let's try some basic git commands to push the code. 220 | 221 | ```bash 222 | git add . 223 | git commit -m "Add flask hello world application, test cases and dockerfile" 224 | git push origin main 225 | ``` 226 | 227 | If you go to the github repository, you should see the changes. 228 | 229 | ![git-code-push](images/git_code_push_border.png) 230 | 231 | ## Install Jenkins 232 | 233 | In this example, we will be installing Jenkins on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux machine. If you have a different Linux distribution, follow steps mentioned at [https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/installing/linux/) 234 | 235 | Run the following commands on the server. 236 | 237 | ```bash 238 | # Install jenkins 239 | 240 | curl -fsSL https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo tee \ 241 | /usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc > /dev/null 242 | 243 | echo deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc] \ 244 | https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee \ 245 | /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list > /dev/null 246 | 247 | sudo apt-get update 248 | sudo apt install openjdk-11-jre 249 | sudo apt-get install jenkins 250 | 251 | # Install docker and add jenkins user to docker group 252 | # Installing docker is important as we will be using jenkins to run docker commands to build and run the application. 253 | sudo apt install docker.io 254 | sudo usermod -aG docker jenkins 255 | sudo service jenkins restart 256 | ``` 257 | 258 | Open your browser and visit [http://127.0.0.1:8080](http://127.0.0.1:8080). If you have installed Jenkins on a Aws/Azure/GCP virtual machine, use the public address of the VM in place of localhost. If you are not able to access the cloud, make sure that port 8080 is added to the inbound port. 259 | 260 | ![jenkins-homepage](images/jenkins_homepage_border.png) 261 | 262 | Copy the admin password from the path provided on the jenkins homepage and enter it. Click on "Install suggested plugins". It will take some time to install the plugins. 263 | 264 | ![install-plugins](images/install_plugins_border.png) 265 | 266 | Create a new user. 267 | 268 | ![create-jenkins-user](images/create_jenkins_user_border.png) 269 | 270 | You should now see the jenkins url. Click next and you should see the "Welcome to jenkins" page now. 271 | 272 | ## Create a Jenkins pipeline 273 | 274 | We will now create a Jenkins pipeline which will help in building, testing and deploying the application. 275 | 276 | Click on "New Item" on the top left corner of the homepage. 277 | 278 | ![new-item-jenkins](images/new_item_jenkins_border.png) 279 | 280 | Enter a name, select "Pipeline" and click next. 281 | 282 | ![select-jenkins-item](images/select_jenkins_item_border.png) 283 | 284 | We now need to write a [pipeline script](https://www.jenkins.io/doc/book/pipeline/syntax/) in Groovy for building, testing and deploying code. 285 | 286 | ![jenkins-script](images/jenkins_script_border.png) 287 | 288 | Enter the below code in the pipeline section and click on "Save". 289 | 290 | ``` 291 | pipeline { 292 | agent any 293 | 294 | environment { 295 | DOCKER_HUB_REPO = "shivammitra/flask-hello-world" 296 | CONTAINER_NAME = "flask-hello-world" 297 | 298 | } 299 | 300 | stages { 301 | stage('Checkout') { 302 | steps { 303 | checkout([$class: 'GitSCM', branches: [[name: '*/main']], extensions: [], userRemoteConfigs: [[url: 'https://github.com/codophobia/flask-hello-world-devops-project']]]) 304 | } 305 | } 306 | stage('Build') { 307 | steps { 308 | echo 'Building..' 309 | sh 'docker image build -t $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest .' 310 | } 311 | } 312 | stage('Test') { 313 | steps { 314 | echo 'Testing..' 315 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 316 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 317 | sh 'docker run --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO /bin/bash -c "pytest test.py && flake8"' 318 | } 319 | } 320 | stage('Deploy') { 321 | steps { 322 | echo 'Deploying....' 323 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 324 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 325 | sh 'docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO' 326 | } 327 | } 328 | } 329 | } 330 | ``` 331 | 332 | Click on the "Build Now" button at the left of the page. 333 | 334 | ![build-now-jenkins](images/build_now_jenkins_border.png) 335 | 336 | The pipelines should start running now and you should be able to see the status of the build on the page. 337 | 338 | ![jenkins-build-status](images/jenkins_build_status_border.png) 339 | 340 | If the build is successful, you can visit [http://127.0.0.1:5000](http://127.0.0.1:5000) and you should see "Hello world" on the browser. If you have installed Jenkins on a Aws/Azure/GCP virtual machine, use the public address of the VM in place of localhost. If you are not able to access the cloud, make sure that port 5000 is added to the inbound port. 341 | 342 | ## Pipeline script from SCM 343 | 344 | We can also store the Jenkins pipeline code in our github repository and ask Jenkins to execute this file. 345 | 346 | Go to the "flask-hello-world" pipeline page and click on "Configure". 347 | 348 | Change definition from "Pipeline script" to "Pipeline script from SCM" and fill details on SCM and github url. Save the pipeline. 349 | 350 | ![pipeline-from-scm](images/pipeline_from_scm_border.png) 351 | 352 | Now, create a new file named "Jenkins" in our local code repository and add the below pipeline code. 353 | 354 | ``` 355 | pipeline { 356 | agent any 357 | 358 | environment { 359 | DOCKER_HUB_REPO = "shivammitra/flask-hello-world" 360 | CONTAINER_NAME = "flask-hello-world" 361 | 362 | } 363 | 364 | stages { 365 | /* We do not need a stage for checkout here since it is done by default when using the "Pipeline script from SCM" option. */ 366 | 367 | 368 | stage('Build') { 369 | steps { 370 | echo 'Building..' 371 | sh 'docker image build -t $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest .' 372 | } 373 | } 374 | stage('Test') { 375 | steps { 376 | echo 'Testing..' 377 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 378 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 379 | sh 'docker run --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO /bin/bash -c "pytest test.py && flake8"' 380 | } 381 | } 382 | stage('Deploy') { 383 | steps { 384 | echo 'Deploying....' 385 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 386 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 387 | sh 'docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO' 388 | } 389 | } 390 | } 391 | } 392 | ``` 393 | 394 | Push the code to github. 395 | 396 | ```bash 397 | git add . 398 | git commit -m "Add Jenkinsfile" 399 | git push origin main 400 | ``` 401 | 402 | Go to "flask-hello-world" pipeline page and click on "Build Now" 403 | 404 | ![jenkins-build-scm](images/jenkins_build_scm_border.png) 405 | 406 | ## Install Kubernetes 407 | 408 | In this example, we will be installing kubernetes on Ubuntu 20.04 Linux machine using minikube. If you are on cloud, you can create a new instance and install kubernetes on that. 409 | 410 | ```bash 411 | # https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/ 412 | 413 | # Install docker for managing containers 414 | sudo apt-get install docker.io 415 | 416 | # Install minikube 417 | curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 418 | sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube 419 | 420 | # Add the current USER to docker group 421 | sudo usermod -aG docker $USER && newgrp docker 422 | 423 | # Start minikube cluster 424 | minikube start 425 | 426 | # Add an alias for kubectl command 427 | alias kubectl="minikube kubectl --" 428 | ``` 429 | 430 | Create a new file named "deployment.yaml" in your project and add the below code. 431 | 432 | ``` 433 | apiVersion: apps/v1 434 | kind: Deployment 435 | metadata: 436 | name: flask-hello-deployment # name of the deployment 437 | 438 | spec: 439 | template: # pod defintion 440 | metadata: 441 | name: flask-hello # name of the pod 442 | labels: 443 | app: flask-hello 444 | tier: frontend 445 | spec: 446 | containers: 447 | - name: flask-hello 448 | image: shivammitra/flask-hello-world:latest 449 | replicas: 3 450 | selector: # Mandatory, Select the pods which needs to be in the replicaset 451 | matchLabels: 452 | app: flask-hello 453 | tier: frontend 454 | ``` 455 | 456 | Test the deployment manually by running the following command: 457 | 458 | ```bash 459 | $ kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml 460 | deployment.apps/flask-hello-deployment created 461 | $ kubectl get deployments flask-hello-deployment 462 | NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE 463 | flask-hello-deployment 3/3 3 3 45s 464 | ``` 465 | 466 | Create a new file named "service.yaml" and add the following code 467 | 468 | ``` 469 | apiVersion: v1 470 | kind: Service 471 | metadata: 472 | name: flask-hello-service-nodeport # name of the service 473 | 474 | spec: 475 | type: NodePort # Used for accessing a port externally 476 | ports: 477 | - port: 5000 # Service port 478 | targetPort: 5000 # Pod port, default: same as port 479 | nodePort: 30008 # Node port which can be used externally, default: auto-assign any free port 480 | selector: # Which pods to expose externally ? 481 | app: flask-hello 482 | tier: frontend 483 | ``` 484 | 485 | Test the service manually by running below commands. 486 | 487 | ```bash 488 | $ kubectl apply -f service.yaml 489 | service/flask-hello-service-nodeport created 490 | $ kubectl get service flask-hello-service-nodeport 491 | NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE 492 | flask-hello-service-nodeport NodePort 10.110.46.59 5000:30008/TCP 36s 493 | ``` 494 | 495 | Run below command to access the application on the browser. 496 | 497 | ```bash 498 | minikube service flask-hello-service-nodeport 499 | ``` 500 | 501 | ![kubernetes-service](images/kubernetes_service_border.png) 502 | 503 | Finally, push the updated code to github. 504 | 505 | ```bash 506 | git add . 507 | git commit -m "Add kubernetes deployment and service yaml" 508 | git push origin main 509 | ``` 510 | 511 | ## Deploy using jenkins on kubernetes 512 | 513 | First, we will add our docker hub credential in jenkins. This is needed as we have to first push the docker image before deploying on kubernetes. 514 | 515 | Open jenkins credentials page. 516 | 517 | ![open-jenkins-credentials](images/open_jenkins_credentials_border.png) 518 | 519 | Click on 'global'. 520 | 521 | ![jenkins-global-credentials](images/jenkins_global_credentials_border.png) 522 | 523 | Add the credentials for docker hub account. 524 | 525 | ![add-jenkins-credentials](images/add_jenkins_credentials_border.png) 526 | 527 | We will now modify our Jenkinsfile in the project to push the image and then deploy the application on kubernetes. 528 | 529 | ``` 530 | pipeline { 531 | agent any 532 | 533 | environment { 534 | DOCKER_HUB_REPO = "shivammitra/flask-hello-world" 535 | CONTAINER_NAME = "flask-hello-world" 536 | DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS=credentials('dockerhub-credentials') 537 | } 538 | 539 | stages { 540 | /* We do not need a stage for checkout here since it is done by default when using "Pipeline script from SCM" option. */ 541 | 542 | stage('Build') { 543 | steps { 544 | echo 'Building..' 545 | sh 'docker image build -t $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest .' 546 | } 547 | } 548 | stage('Test') { 549 | steps { 550 | echo 'Testing..' 551 | sh 'docker stop $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 552 | sh 'docker rm $CONTAINER_NAME || true' 553 | sh 'docker run --name $CONTAINER_NAME $DOCKER_HUB_REPO /bin/bash -c "pytest test.py && flake8"' 554 | } 555 | } 556 | stage('Push') { 557 | steps { 558 | echo 'Pushing image..' 559 | sh 'echo $DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS_PSW | docker login -u $DOCKERHUB_CREDENTIALS_USR --password-stdin' 560 | sh 'docker push $DOCKER_HUB_REPO:latest' 561 | } 562 | } 563 | stage('Deploy') { 564 | steps { 565 | echo 'Deploying....' 566 | sh 'minikube kubectl -- apply -f deployment.yaml' 567 | sh 'minikube kubectl -- apply -f service.yaml' 568 | } 569 | } 570 | } 571 | } 572 | ``` 573 | 574 | Commit the changes to github. 575 | 576 | ```bash 577 | git add . 578 | git commit -m "Modify Jenkinsfile to deploy on kubernetes" 579 | git push origin main 580 | ``` 581 | 582 | Go to "flask-hello-world" pipeline page and click on "Build Now" 583 | 584 | ![jenkins-deploy-kubernetes](images/jenkins_deploy_kubernetes_border.png) 585 | 586 | ## Is the Kubernetes host different from the jenkins host ? 587 | 588 | In case you have set up kubernetes on a different virtual machine, we will need to ssh to this machine from jenkins machine, copy the deployment and service files and then run kubernetes commands. 589 | 590 | Create a ssh key pair on jenkins server. 591 | 592 | ```bash 593 | $ cd ~/.ssh # We are on jenkins server 594 | $ ssh-keygen -t rsa # select the default options 595 | $ cat id_rsa.pub # Copy the public key 596 | ``` 597 | 598 | Add the public key we created to authorized_keys on kubernetes server. 599 | 600 | ```bash 601 | $ cd ~/.ssh # We are on kubernetes server 602 | $ echo "" >> authorized_keys 603 | ``` 604 | 605 | Modify the 'Deploy' section of Jenkinsfile. Replace and with the username and ip address of kubernetes host respectively. 606 | 607 | ``` 608 | stage('Deploy') { 609 | steps { 610 | echo 'Deploying....' 611 | sh 'scp -r -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no deployment.yaml service.yaml < username>@:~/' 612 | 613 | sh 'ssh kubectl apply -f ~/deployment.yaml' 614 | sh 'ssh kubectl apply -f ~/service.yaml' 615 | } 616 | } 617 | ``` 618 | 619 | Commit the code. Build the pipeline again on Jenkins server. 620 | 621 | ## Conclusion 622 | 623 | In this tutorial, we have tried to build a very simple CI/CD pipeline using jenkins and kubernetes. Do note that this is only for learning purposes. If you are creating a CI/CD pipeline for production use, follow the official docs of jenkins and kubernetes for the best practices. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /app.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from flask import Flask 2 | import os 3 | 4 | app = Flask(__name__) 5 | 6 | 7 | @app.route("/") 8 | def hello(): 9 | return "Hello world!!!" 10 | 11 | 12 | if __name__ == "__main__": 13 | port = int(os.environ.get("PORT", 5000)) 14 | app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=port) 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /deployment.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | apiVersion: apps/v1 2 | kind: Deployment 3 | metadata: 4 | name: flask-hello-deployment # name of the deployment 5 | 6 | spec: 7 | template: # pod defintion 8 | metadata: 9 | name: flask-hello # name of the pod 10 | labels: 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type: NodePort # Used for accessing a port externally 8 | ports: 9 | - port: 5000 # Service port 10 | targetPort: 5000 # Pod port, default: same as port 11 | nodePort: 30008 # Node port which can be used externally, default: auto-assign any free port 12 | selector: # Which pods to expose externally ? 13 | app: flask-hello 14 | tier: frontend -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /test.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from app import app 2 | 3 | 4 | def test_hello(): 5 | response = app.test_client().get('/') 6 | assert response.status_code == 200 7 | assert response.data == b'Hello world!!!' 8 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------