├── archive └── report-20120107.xlsx ├── datapackage.json ├── README.md └── data └── notes.csv /archive/report-20120107.xlsx: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/datasets/world-wealth-and-income-database/HEAD/archive/report-20120107.xlsx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /datapackage.json: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | { 2 | "title": "The World Top Incomes Database", 3 | "name": "world-top-incomes-database", 4 | "keywords": [ 5 | "todo.isitopendata" 6 | ], 7 | "license": { 8 | "title": "License not specified", 9 | "type": "notspecified" 10 | }, 11 | "resources": [ 12 | { 13 | "description": "Extracted full dump of data as of 2012-01-07.", 14 | "format": "CSV", 15 | "hash": "md5:eb836e81db80ba365e46ac378ce7f355", 16 | "name": "data-csv", 17 | "title": "data.csv", 18 | "url": "https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/ckannet-storage/2012-01-07T150817/data.csv" 19 | }, 20 | { 21 | "description": "Notes in CSV form for the dataset as of 2012-01-07", 22 | "format": "CSV", 23 | "hash": "md5:3e041c308816a88b42d123b600b0a7fe", 24 | "name": "notes-csv", 25 | "title": "notes.csv", 26 | "url": "https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/ckannet-storage/2012-01-07T151010/notes.csv" 27 | } 28 | ], 29 | "sources": [ 30 | { 31 | "name": "Facundo Alvaredo, Tony Atkinson, Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez", 32 | "web": "http://g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/topincomes/" 33 | } 34 | ] 35 | } 36 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | badge 2 | 3 | Database of income shares of top end of population for long time periods (e.g. 1875-present) for a variety of countries around the world. 4 | 5 | From [about page](http://g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/topincomes/): 6 | 7 | > There has been a marked revival of interest in the study of the distribution of top incomes using tax data. Beginning with the research by Piketty of the long-run distribution of top incomes in France (2001, 2003), a succession of studies has constructed top income share time series over the long-run for more than twenty countries to date. These projects have generated a large volume of data, which are intended as a research resource for further analysis. 8 | > 9 | > The world top incomes database aims to providing convenient on line access to all the existent series. This is an ongoing endeavour, and we will progressively update the base with new observations, as authors extend the series forwards and backwards. Despite the database's name, we will also add information on the distribution of earnings and the distribution of wealth. 10 | 11 | ## Data 12 | 13 | We have only uploaded Layout A where every column is a variable; countries and years are in rows and it has been converted to CSV. Notes and units were in a separate sheet and have been extracted to a separate csv. 14 | 15 | Original downloaded xls is archived in `archive/report-20120107.xlsx` 16 | 17 | ### Comment 18 | 19 | Whole site is flash which means there is just one url for the whole site :-( 20 | 21 | However, good news is after ticking various boxes you can download the entire DB (though there is no direct url for this link that we can host here). Thus for convenience of reuse, an entire dump has been extracted here. 22 | 23 | ### Sources 24 | 25 | Extracted from first sheet of downloaded spreadsheet. 26 | 27 | * Argentina Alvaredo, Facundo (2010). The Rich in Argentina over the Twentieth Century; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 6. Series updated by the same author. 28 | * Australia Atkinson, Anthony B. and Leigh, Andrew (2007). The Distribution of Top Incomes in Australia; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 7. Series updated by the same authors. 29 | * Canada Saez, Emmanuel and Veall, Michael (2007). The Evolution of High Incomes in Canada 1920-2000; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 6. Updates from Veall, Michael (2010). Top Income Shares in Canada: Updates and Extensions; McMaster University, Department of Economics, mimeo. 30 | * China Piketty, Thomas and Qian, Nancy (2010). Income Inequality and Progressive Income Taxation in China and India 1986-2015; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 2. 31 | * Denmark Kleven, Henrik and Schultz, Esben A. (2011). Estimating Taxable Income Responses using Danish Tax Reforms. Mimeo. 32 | * Finland Jantti, Markus; Riihela, Marja; Sullstrom, Risto and Tuomala, Matti (2010). Trends in Top Income Shares in Finland; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 8. Series updated by the same authors. See also Riihela, Marja; Sullstrom, Risto and Tuomala, Matti (2010). Trends in Top Income Shares in Finland 1966-2007. VATT Research Report 157. 33 | * France Piketty, Thomas (2001). Les Hauts Revenus en France au 20Ëme siËcle. Paris: Grasset, 807 pp. Piketty, Thomas (2007). Income, Wage and Wealth Inequality in France 1901-1998; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 3. Landais, Camille (2007). Les Hauts Revenus en France 1998-2006. Une Explosion des InÈgalitÈs? Paris School of Economics Working Paper. Series updated by the same authors. 34 | * Germany Dell, Fabien (2007). Top Incomes in Germany Throughout the Twentieth Century 1891-1998; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 9. Series updated by the same author. 35 | * India Banerjee, Abhijit and Piketty, Thomas (2010). Top Indian Incomes 1922-2000; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 1. 36 | * Indonesia Leigh, Andrew and van der Eng, Pierre (2010). Top Incomes in Indonesia 1920-2004; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 4. 37 | * Ireland Nolan, Brian (2007). Long Term Trends in Top Income Shares in Ireland; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 12. 38 | * Italy Alvaredo, Facundo and Pisano, Elena (2010). Top Incomes in Italy 1974-2004; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 12. Series updated by the same authors. 39 | * Japan Moriguchi, Chiaki and Saez, Emmanuel (2010). The Evolucion of Income Concentration in Japan 1886-2005; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 3. 40 | * Mauritius Atkinson, Anthony B. (2011). Income Distribution and Taxation in Mauritius: A Seventy-five Year History of Top Incomes. Mimeo. 41 | * Netherlands Salverda, Wiemer and Atkinson, Anthony B. (2007). Top Incomes in the Netherlands over the Twentieth Century; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 10. 42 | * New Zealand Atkinson, Anthony B. and Leigh, Andrew (2007). The Distribution of Top Incomes in New Zealand; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 8. Atkinson, Anthony B. and Leigh, Andrew (2007). Top Incomes in New Zealand 1921-2005: Understanding the Effects of Marginal Tax Rates, Migration Threat and the Macroeconomy. Review of Income and Wealth, 54(2): 149-165. Series updated by the same authors. 43 | * Norway Aaberge, Rolf and Atkinson, Anthony B. (2010). Top Incomes in Norway; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 9. Series updated by the same authors. 44 | * Portugal Alvaredo, Facundo (2009). Top Incomes and Earnings in Portugal 1936-2005; Explorations in Economic History, 46(4): 404-417. Longer version in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2010, chapter 11. 45 | * Singapore Atkinson, Anthony B. (2010). Top Incomes in a Rapidly Growing Economy: Singapore; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 5. Updates by the same author. 46 | * South Africa Alvaredo, Facundo and Atkinson, Anthony B. (2011). Colonial Rule, Apartheid and Natural Resources: Top Incomes in South Africa 1903-2007. CEPR Discussion Paper 8155. 47 | * Spain Alvaredo, Facundo and Saez, Emmanuel (2009). Income and Wealth Concentration in Spain from a Historical and Fiscal Perspective; Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(5): 1140-1167. Longer version in Atkinson, B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, 2010, chapter 10. Series updated by the same authors. 48 | * Sweden Roine, Jesper and Waldenstrom, Daniel (2010). Top Incomes in Sweden over the Twentieth Century; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes: A Global Perspective, Oxford University Press, chapter 7. Series updated by the same authors. 49 | * Switzerland Dell, Fabien; Piketty, Thomas and Saez, Emmanuel (2007). Income and Wealth Concentration in Switzerland over the Twentieth Century; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 11. 50 | * Tanzania Atkinson, Anthony B. (2011). Evidence on Top Incomes in Tanzania 1948-1970. Mimeo. 51 | * United Kingdom Atkinson, Anthony B. (2007). The Distribution of Top Incomes in the United Kingdom 1908-2000; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 4. Series updated by the same author. 52 | * United States Piketty, Thomas and Saez, Emmanuel (2007). Income and Wage Inequality in the United States 1913-2002; in Atkinson, A. B. and Piketty, T. (editors) Top Incomes over the Twentieth Century. A Contrast Between Continental European and English-Speaking Countries, Oxford University Press, chapter 5. Series updated by the same authors. 53 | 54 | ## License 55 | 56 | Website has "© The World Top Incomes Database." however data can be downloaded in full and the FAQ makes clear that reuse is expected: 57 | 58 | > Information taken from this site should be cited as Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony B. Atkinson, Thomas Piketty and Emmanuel Saez, The World Top Incomes Database, http://g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/topincomes, dd/mm/yyyy. We advise making explicit reference to the date when the database was consulted, as statistics are subject to revisions. The specific country chapters and papers should also be cited. 59 | 60 | However, reuse and redistribution of data in bulk and for purposes other than research are unclear. 61 | 62 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /data/notes.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Country,,Top 10% income share,Top 10% income share-LAD,Top 10% income share-tax units,Top 10% income share-adults,Top 5% income share,Top 5% income share-LAD,Top 5% income share-tax units,Top 5% income share-adults,Top 1% income share,Top 1% income share-LAD,Top 1% income share-tax units,Top 1% income share-adults,Top 0.5% income share,Top 0.5% income share-LAD,Top 0.5% income share-tax units,Top 0.5% income share-adults,Top 0.1% income share,Top 0.1% income share-LAD,Top 0.1% income share-tax units,Top 0.1% income share-adults,Top 0.05% income share,Top 0.05% income share-tax units,Top 0.05% income share-adults,Top 0.01% income share,Top 0.01% income share-LAD,Top 0.01% income share-tax units,Top 0.01% income share-adults,Top 0.25% income share,Top 0.15% income share,Top 10-5% income share,Top 10-5% income share-LAD,Top 10-5% income share-tax units,Top 10-5% income share-adults,Top 5-1% income share,Top 5-1% income share-LAD,Top 5-1% income share-tax units,Top 5-1% income share-adults,Top 1-0.5% income share,Top 1-0.5% income share-LAD,Top 1-0.5% income share-tax units,Top 1-0.5% income share-adults,Top 0.5-0.1% income share,Top 0.5-0.1% income share-LAD,Top 0.5-0.1% income share-tax units,Top 0.5-0.1% income share-adults,Top 0.1-0.05% income share,Top 0.1-0.05% income share-tax units,Top 0.1-0.05% income share-adults,Top 0.05-0.01% income share,Top 0.05-0.01% income share-tax units,Top 0.05-0.01% income share-adults,Top 0.1-0.01% income share,Top 0.1-0.01% income share-LAD,Top 0.1-0.01% income share-tax units,Top 0.1-0.01% income share-adults,Top 10% income share-including capital gains,Top 10% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 5% income share-including capital gains,Top 5% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 1% income share-including capital gains,Top 1% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 0.5% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.5% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 0.1% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.1% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 0.05% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.01% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.01% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 10-5% income share-including capital gains,Top 10-5% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 5-1% income share-including capital gains,Top 5-1% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 1-0.5% income share-including capital gains,Top 1-0.5% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 0.5-0.1% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.5-0.1% income share-including capital gains-LAD,Top 0.1-0.05% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.05-0.01% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.1-0.01% income share-including capital gains,Top 0.1-0.01% income share-including capital gains-LAD,"Top 10% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 10% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 10% income composition-Professional income,Top 10% income composition-Business income,Top 10% income composition-Dividends,Top 10% income composition-Interest Income,Top 10% income composition-Investment income,Top 10% income composition-Farming income,"Top 10% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 10% income composition-Capital income,Top 10% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 10% income composition-Rents,Top 10% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 10% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 10% income composition-Property income,Top 10% income composition-Other,Top 10% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 5% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 5% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 5% income composition-Professional income,Top 5% income composition-Business income,Top 5% income composition-Dividends,Top 5% income composition-Interest Income,Top 5% income composition-Investment income,Top 5% income composition-Farming income,"Top 5% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 5% income composition-Capital income,Top 5% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 5% income composition-Rents,Top 5% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 5% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 5% income composition-Property income,Top 5% income composition-Other,Top 5% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 1% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 1% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 1% income composition-Professional income,Top 1% income composition-Business income,Top 1% income composition-Dividends,Top 1% income composition-Interest Income,Top 1% income composition-Investment income,Top 1% income composition-Farming income,"Top 1% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 1% income composition-Capital income,Top 1% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 1% income composition-Rents,Top 1% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 1% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 1% income composition-Property income,Top 1% income composition-Other,Top 1% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 0.5% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 0.5% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 0.5% income composition-Professional income,Top 0.5% income composition-Business income,Top 0.5% income composition-Dividends,Top 0.5% income composition-Interest Income,Top 0.5% income composition-Investment income,Top 0.5% income composition-Farming income,"Top 0.5% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 0.5% income composition-Capital income,Top 0.5% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 0.5% income composition-Rents,Top 0.5% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 0.5% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 0.5% income composition-Property income,Top 0.5% income composition-Other,Top 0.5% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 0.1% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 0.1% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 0.1% income composition-Professional income,Top 0.1% income composition-Business income,Top 0.1% income composition-Dividends,Top 0.1% income composition-Interest Income,Top 0.1% income composition-Investment income,Top 0.1% income composition-Farming income,"Top 0.1% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 0.1% income composition-Capital income,Top 0.1% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 0.1% income composition-Rents,Top 0.1% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 0.1% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 0.1% income composition-Property income,Top 0.1% income composition-Other,Top 0.1% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 0.01% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 0.01% income composition-Non-wage income,Top 0.01% income composition-Professional income,Top 0.01% income composition-Business income,Top 0.01% income composition-Dividends,Top 0.01% income composition-Interest Income,Top 0.01% income composition-Investment income,Top 0.01% income composition-Farming income,"Top 0.01% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 0.01% income composition-Capital income,Top 0.01% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 0.01% income composition-Rents,Top 0.01% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 0.01% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 0.01% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 10-5% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 10-5% income composition-Professional income,Top 10-5% income composition-Business income,Top 10-5% income composition-Dividends,Top 10-5% income composition-Interest Income,Top 10-5% income composition-Investment income,Top 10-5% income composition-Farming income,"Top 10-5% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 10-5% income composition-Capital income,Top 10-5% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 10-5% income composition-Rents,Top 10-5% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 10-5% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 10-5% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 5-1% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 5-1% income composition-Professional income,Top 5-1% income composition-Business income,Top 5-1% income composition-Dividends,Top 5-1% income composition-Interest Income,Top 5-1% income composition-Investment income,Top 5-1% income composition-Farming income,"Top 5-1% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 5-1% income composition-Capital income,Top 5-1% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 5-1% income composition-Rents,Top 5-1% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 5-1% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 5-1% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 1-0.5% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 1-0.5% income composition-Professional income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Business income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Dividends,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Interest Income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Investment income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Farming income,"Top 1-0.5% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 1-0.5% income composition-Capital income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Rents,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 1-0.5% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Professional income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Business income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Dividends,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Interest Income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Investment income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Farming income,"Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Capital income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Rents,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 0.5-0.1% income composition-Capital gains,"Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Wages, salaries and pensions",Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Professional income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Business income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Dividends,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Interest Income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Investment income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Farming income,"Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Business income (industry, commerce)",Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Capital income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Non-commercial business income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Rents,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Self-employment income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Entrepreneurial income,Top 0.1-0.01% income composition-Capital gains,Top 10% capital gains (a),Top 5% capital gains (a),Top 1% capital gains (a),Top 0.5% capital gains (a),Top 0.1% capital gains (a),Top 0.01% capital gains (a),Top 10-5% capital gains (a),Top 5-1% capital gains (a),Top 1-0.5% capital gains (a),Top 0.5-0.1% capital gains (a),Top 0.1-0.01% capital gains (a),Top 10% capital gains (b),Top 5% capital gains (b),Top 1% capital gains (b),Top 0.5% capital gains (b),Top 0.1% capital gains (b),Top 0.01% capital gains (b),Top 10-5% capital gains (b),Top 5-1% capital gains (b),Top 1-0.5% capital gains (b),Top 0.5-0.1% capital gains (b),Top 0.1-0.01% capital gains (b),Number of adults,Number of tax units,Number of tax units-married couples & single adults,Number of tax units-adults,Number of tax returns,Income control,Income control-including capital gains,Price index,Average income per tax unit,Average income per tax unit-married couples & single adults,Average income per tax unit-adults,Average income per tax unit-including capital gains,Average income per adult,Top 10% average income,Top 10% average income-tax units,Top 10% average income-adults,Top 5% average income,Top 5% average income-tax units,Top 5% average income-adults,Top 1% average income,Top 1% average income-tax units,Top 1% average income-adults,Top 0.5% average income,Top 0.5% average income-tax units,Top 0.5% average income-adults,Top 0.1% average income,Top 0.1% average income-tax units,Top 0.1% average income-adults,Top 0.01% average income,Top 0.01% average income-tax units,Top 0.01% average income-adults,Bottom 90% average income,Bottom 90% average income-tax units,Bottom 90% average income-adults,Top 0.25% average income,Top 0.15% average income,Top 0.05% average income,Top 10-5% average income,Top 10-5% average income-tax units,Top 10-5% average income-adults,Top 5-1% average income,Top 5-1% average income-tax units,Top 5-1% average income-adults,Top 1-0.5% average income,Top 1-0.5% average income-tax units,Top 1-0.5% average income-adults,Top 0.5-0.1% average income,Top 0.5-0.1% average income-tax units,Top 0.5-0.1% average income-adults,Top 0.1-0.01% average income,Top 0.1-0.01% average income-tax units,Top 0.1-0.01% average income-adults,Top 0.1-0.05% average income,Top 0.05-0.01% average income,P90 income threshold,P95 income threshold,P99 income threshold,P99.5 income threshold,P99.9 income threshold,P99.99 income threshold,Top 10% average income-including capital gains,Top 5% average income-including capital gains,Top 1% average income-including capital gains,Top 0.5% average income-including capital gains,Top 0.1% average income-including capital gains,Top 0.01% average income-including capital gains,Bottom 90% average income-including capital gains,Top 10-5% average income-including capital gains,Top 5-1% average income-including capital gains,Top 1-0.5% average income-including capital gains,Top 0.5-0.1% average income-including capital gains,Top 0.1-0.01% average income-including capital gains,P90 income threshold-including capital gains,P95 income threshold-including capital gains,P99 income threshold-including capital gains,P99.5 income threshold-including capital gains,P99.9 income threshold-including capital gains,P99.99 income threshold-including capital gains,Pareto-Lorenz coefficient,Inverted Pareto-Lorenz coefficient 2 | Argentina,Units,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Pesos,,2004=1.00,Real 2004 Pesos,,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,Real 2004 Pesos,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 | Argentina,Notes,,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates do not include capital gains. Statistics exclude taxpayers with wage income only.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 4 | Australia,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Australian Dollars,,Dec. 31 2010=1.00,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,,,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,Real 2010 Australian Dollars,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5 | Australia,Notes,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,"The income control used to estimate the series excludes transfers until 1943, and it includes transfers from 1944 onwards, reflecting the fact that most transfers were taxed thereafter. Income year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+.,Individuals aged 15+.,,,,The series includes transfers.,,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com. Year t is Dec. 31, as fiscal year goes from July 1st year t to June 30 year t+1.",The series includes transfers. Tax units are individuals aged 15+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 15+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 6 | Canada,Units,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,%,,,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,%,%,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,Thousand,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal million Canadian Dollars,,2000=1.00,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,,,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,Real 2000 Canadian Dollars,,,,,,,, 7 | Canada,Notes,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,,,,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every top group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.",,,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.Estimates are presented in two columns, reflecting methodological and source breaks. The first series of every top group, up to 2000, come from Saez and Veall (2007), are based on tabulated tax data, and relate to adults aged 20+. The second series of every to group under label LAD, from 1982, come from Veall (2010), are based on the LAD-Longitudinal Administrative Database, and relate to taxfilers. See sources for details.","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","The sum of all all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",,,,,,,,,"Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).","Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000; then, series from Veall (2010).",Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains. Series from Saez and Veall (2007) up to 2000.,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 8 | China,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Yuans,,2001=1.00,Real 2000 Yuans,,,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,Real 2000 Yuans,,,,,,,,Real 2000 Yuans,Real 2000 Yuans,Real 2000 Yuans,Real 2000 Yuans,Real 2000 Yuans,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9 | China,Notes,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,,,,,,,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,Estimates from urban houselhold income surveys and not from tax data (individual distribution).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals represented in the urban household surveys.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 10 | Denmark,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 | Denmark,Notes,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,"The income shares are based on income tax return information and consider a broad income measure that includes labor income, other personal income and capital income. The sample includes all personal income tax filers aged 25 to 55.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates (from the top 0.5% share within the top 5% share): a=1/[1-log(S5%/S0.5%)/log(10)].,The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares estimates and the formula: b=1/[log(Skx%/Sx%)/log(k)]. 12 | Finland,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,,,2005=1.00,Real 2005 Euros,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13 | Finland,Notes,"The top 10% and top 0.1% income share series are based on HES (Household Expenditure Surveys 1966-1986) and IDS (Income Distribution Surveys 1987-2004), and not on tax data. The top 5% and top 1% series are based on tax data up to 1992; from 1993 they have been extended forwards following the rate of change of the top 1% income share based on IDS data.",,,,"The top 10% and top 0.1% income share series are based on HES (Household Expenditure Surveys 1966-1986) and IDS (Income Distribution Surveys 1987-2004), and not on tax data. The top 5% and top 1% series are based on tax data up to 1992; from 1993 they have been extended forwards following the rate of change of the top 1% income share based on IDS data.",,,,"The top 10% and top 0.1% income share series are based on HES (Household Expenditure Surveys 1966-1986) and IDS (Income Distribution Surveys 1987-2004), and not on tax data. The top 5% and top 1% series are based on tax data up to 1992; from 1993 they have been extended forwards following the rate of change of the top 1% income share based on IDS data.",,,,"The top 10% and top 0.1% income share series are based on HES (Household Expenditure Surveys 1966-1986) and IDS (Income Distribution Surveys 1987-2004), and not on tax data. The top 5% and top 1% series are based on tax data up to 1992; from 1993 they have been extended forwards following the rate of change of the top 1% income share based on IDS data.",,,,"The top 10% and top 0.1% income share series are based on HES (Household Expenditure Surveys 1966-1986) and IDS (Income Distribution Surveys 1987-2004), and not on tax data. The top 5% and top 1% series are based on tax data up to 1992; from 1993 they have been extended forwards following the rate of change of the top 1% income share based on IDS data.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 14 | France,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,%,%,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Euros,,2006=1.00,Real 2006 Euros,,,,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,Real 2006 Euros,,,,,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,Real 2006 Euros,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15 | France,Notes,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,,,,,,,"The figure for 1905 is for 1900-1910 averaged. Up to 1997, series from Piketty (2001); from 1998, series updated in Landais (2007) and Landais's website.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Discrepancies due to rounding. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Families (see sources for details).,,,,,,,,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 16 | Germany,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,, 17 | Germany,Notes,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,,,,,,,"Estimates excluding capital gains apart from 1925-1938. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Single individuals aged 20+ plus one half of married individuals. Series has the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,"Series has the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com, average for year t.","Tax units are single individuals aged 20+ plus one half of married individuals. Series have the following breaks in coverage: from 1891, Prussia; from 1925, the Republic of Weimar; from 1935, Saarland is included; from 1950, the Federal Republic of Germany; from 1960, West Berlin and Saarland are included; from 1991, reunification.",,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used. Series based on shares excluding capital gains up to 1919, and including capital gains from 1925.","The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. Series based on shares excluding capital gains up to 1919, and including capital gains from 1925." 18 | India,Units,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal million Rupees,,Dec. 31 2000=1.00,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,,,,,,,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,,,,,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,Real 1999-2000 Rupees,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 19 | India,Notes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals (40% of total population).,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals (40% of total population).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 20 | Indonesia,Units,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,"Nominal million Guilders for 1920-1939; from 1980, nominal billion rupiah.",,2010=1.00,Real 2010 Rupiah,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Rupiah,,,Real 2010 Rupiah,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Rupiah,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21 | Indonesia,Notes,,,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,,,,,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,"Top 1% share from 1982 to 2004 is from survey data (not tax data), and hence not comparable to top 0.05% and top 0.01% shares during the same period. Break in the series between pre-independence income taxation data (up to 1939) and post-independence taxation data (from 1990).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Households.,,,,,,,Tax units are households.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 22 | Ireland,Units,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Irish Pounds,,Dec. 31 2000=1.00,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,Real 2000 Irish Pound,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 23 | Ireland,Notes,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,,,,,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,"Up to 1973, estimates based on surtax returns, with the exception of 1938 and 1943, which are based on National Income and Expenditure 1938-1944 (see Table 12.2 in chapter); from 1975, estimates based on income tax returns.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 18+ minus married women.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 18+ minus married women.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 24 | Italy,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,%,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal million Euros,,2010=1.00,Real 2010 Euros,,,,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 25 | Italy,Notes,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains and several components of capital incomes (as interest income).,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 26 | Japan,Units,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,%,%,%,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal billion Yens,,2005=1.00,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,Real 2005 thousand yens,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 27 | Japan,Notes,,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates exclude capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 28 | Mauritius,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Rupees,,Dec. 2010=1.00,Real 2010 Rupees,,,,Real 2010 Rupees,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,Real 2010 Rupees,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Rupees,Real 2010 Rupees,Real 2010 Rupees,Real 2010 Rupees,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 29 | Mauritius,Notes,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,,,,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,"Notes on breaks in the continuity of the series: (i) move from a graduated poll tax up to 1949 to a fully-fledged income tax from 1950; (ii) change from tabulating gross income (up to 1949) to chargeable income (from 1950), and change from tabulating chargeable income (up to 1969) to gross income (from 1970), which motivated a sizeable correction (see text in source); (iii) from 1987 onwards, a wife electing to be assessed separately is counted as a separate tax unit.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+.,Individuals aged 15+ minus the number of married women and those not married but living together.,,,,,,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com. Index for year t is consumer price index for December, as fiscal year ends on June 30. ",Individuals aged 15+ minus the number of married women and those not married but living together.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 15+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates (from the top 0.05% share within the top 0.5% share): a=1/[1-log(S0.5%/S0.05%)/log(10)]. If not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares estimates and the formula: b=1/[log(Skx%/Sx%)/log(k)]. 30 | Netherlands,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Guilder,,1999=1.00,Real 1999 Guilder,,,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,Real 1999 Guilder,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 31 | Netherlands,Notes,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,"Up to 1946, series based on tabulated income tax data; between 1950 and 1975, estimates based on tabulated data produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics; from 1977, estimated based on micro-data Income Panel Survey (IPO) using tax and other administrative data.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Number of individuals aged 15+ minus the min(number of married women, number of married men).",,,,,,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com, average for year t.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 32 | New Zealand,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million NZ Dollars,,Dec. 31 2002=1.00,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,Real 2002 NZ Dollars,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 33 | New Zealand,Notes,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,,,,,,,,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,"Until 1940, estimates relate to assessable income; from 1940 estimates relate to total income. Up to 1952 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1953 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+.,Individuals aged 15+ minus married women until 1952; individuals aged 15+ from 1953.,,,,The series includes transfers.,,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com. Year t is Dec. 31, as fiscal year goes from April 1st year t to March 31 year t+1.",The series includes transfers. Tax units are: individuals aged 15+ minus married women until 1952; individuals aged 15+ from 1953.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 15+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 34 | Norway,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million NOK,,2008=1.00,Real 2008 NOK,,,,Real 2008 NOK,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,Real 2008 NOK,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 35 | Norway,Notes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 16+.,"Tax units (used as control total for the population) are individuals aged 16+. In practice, although taxation is joint, separate filing has become increasingly prevalent; from 1998 Statistics Norway ceased to treat married couples with joint taxation as one personal taxpayer.",,,,,,,"Tax units (used as control total for the population) are individuals aged 16+. In practice, although taxation is joint, separate filing has become increasingly prevalent; from 1998 Statistics Norway ceased to treat married couples with joint taxation as one personal taxpayer.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 36 | Portugal,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Euros,,2005=1.00,Real 2005 Euros,,,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,Real 2005 Euros,,,,,Real 2005 Euros,Real 2005 Euros,Real 2005 Euros,Real 2005 Euros,Real 2005 Euros,Real 2005 Euros,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 37 | Portugal,Notes,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+ minus married women.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+ minus married women.,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,Estimates do not include most capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 38 | Singapore,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Million Singapore Dollars,,2010=1.00,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,Real 2010 Singapore Dollars,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 39 | Singapore,Notes,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,Estimates for 1980-6 and 1993 are based on 12-month rather than 24-month assessments.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+.,Individuals aged 15+.,,,,,,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com, average for year t.",Tax units are individuals aged 15+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 15+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)].,The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 40 | South Africa,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Rands,,2007=1.00,Real 2007 Rands,,,,Real 2007 Rands,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,Real 2007 Rands,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 41 | South Africa,Notes,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+.,Individuals aged 15+ minus married women until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 15+ minus married women until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 15+.,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,Estimates include dividends; see source for details. Up to 1989 estimates relate to adults minus married women; from 1990 estimates relate to adults; see notes to the Tax units series.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 42 | Spain,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,,%,,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Euros,,2010=1.00,Real 2010 Euros,,,,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,Real 2010 Euros,,,,,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,Real 2010 Euros,, 43 | Spain,Notes,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,"Estimates exclude capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains. Up tp 1971, estimates based on the old income tax; from 1981, estimates based on the modern income tax.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,Tax units are individuals aged 20+.,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 44 | Sweden,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,,,Thousand,Million SEK,Million SEK,2009=1.00,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,Real 2009 SEK,,,,,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,Real 2009 SEK,, 45 | Sweden,Notes,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,Estimates excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Up to 1950, individuals aged 16+ minus married women; between 1951 and 1970, individuals aged 16+ minus married women with low or no income; from 1971, indviduals aged 16.",,,,The series includes social benefits.,The series includes social benefits and capital gains.,,"The series includes social benefits. Tax units are: up to 1950, individuals aged 16+ minus married women; between 1951 and 1970, individuals aged 16+ minus married women with low or no income; from 1971, indviduals aged 16.",,,"The series includes social benefits and capital gains. Tax units are: up to 1950, individuals aged 16+ minus married women; between 1951 and 1970, individuals aged 16+ minus married women with low or no income; from 1971, indviduals aged 16.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 46 | Switzerland,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal million CHF,,2000=1.00,Real 2000 CHF,,,,Real 2000 CHF,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,Real 2000 CHF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 47 | Switzerland,Notes,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,,,,,,,"For all years except 1933, the estimates relate to income averaged over the year shown and the following year. Estimates do not include capital gains.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 20+.,Individuals aged 20+ minus one half of married men and women.,,,"Starting in 1934, each tax year corresponds to that year and the following.",,,,,,,,Adults are individuals aged 20+.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 48 | Tanzania,Units,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,%,,,%,,,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,,,Nominal million Shillings,,Dec. 2010=1.00,Real 2010 Shillings,,,,Real 2010 Shillings,,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Shillings,,,Real 2010 Shillings,,,,,,Real 2010 Shillings,Real 2010 Shillings,Real 2010 Shillings,,,,,,,,,,,,,Real 2010 Shillings,,,Real 2010 Shillings,Real 2010 Shillings,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 49 | Tanzania,Notes,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.","Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar. Introduction of PAYE in 1965 means that statistics for incomes from employment are non comparable to previous years.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Individuals aged 15+. Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar.","It is assumed that on average every tax unit is comprised by 1.6 adults (individuals aged 15+). Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar.",,,,"Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar.",,"From www.globalfinancialdata.com. Index for year t is consumer price index for December, as fiscal year ends on June 30 since 1955. ","It is assumed that on average every tax unit is comprised by 1.6 adults (individuals aged 15+). Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar.",,,,"Individuals aged 15+. Until 1965, Tanganyka/mainland Tanzania; from 1966, Tanzania including Zanzibar.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates (from the top 0.05% share within the top 0.15% share): a=1/[1-log(S0.15%/S0.05%)/log(3)].,The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares estimates and the formula: b=1/[log(Skx%/Sx%)/log(k)]. 50 | United Kingdom,Units,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,%,%,,,%,%,,,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,,%,%,,%,%,,%,%,,,%,%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Thousand,Thousand,,Nominal million Pounds,,2010=1.00,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,,,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,Real 2010 Pounds,Real 2010 Pounds,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 51 | United Kingdom,Notes,,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,"Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.","Up to 1920, estimates include what is now the Republic of Ireland. Until 1974, estimates relate to income net of certain deductions; from 1975, estimates relate to total income. Until 1989 original estimates relate to tax units (married couples and single adults), while, from 1990, original estimates relate to adults; they are presented in two distinct columns. See source for details.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Individuals aged 15+ minus married females until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,Individuals aged 15+ minus married females until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,,,,Retail price index,,Tax units are: individuals aged 15+ minus married females until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,Tax units are: individuals aged 15+ minus married females until 1989; individuals aged 15+ from 1990.,,,,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,,,,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,"The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.","The series are presented in two distinct columns, following the change in the definition of the tax unit between 1989 and 1990.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 52 | United States,Units,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,%,,,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,%,,,,,,,,,,%,,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,%,,%,,%,,%,,%,,,,%,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,,,%,,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,,,%,%,,,,,,%,,%,,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,%,,Thousand,,,Thousand,Nominal million US Dollars,Nominal million US Dollars,2008=1.00,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,,,,,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,Real 2008 US Dollars,, 53 | United States,Notes,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,,,,,Estimates excluding capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,,,Estimates including capital gains. Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,,,,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,The sum of all sources add up to 100%. Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains.,,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (a) defined by total income excluding capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,Fractiles in series (b) defined by total income including capital gains. Series expressed as percentage of total income including capital gains.,,Families (see source for details).,,,,,,,Tax units are families (see source for details).,,,Tax units are families (see source for details).,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,,,,,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income excluding capital gains; income excludes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,Fractiles defined by total income including capital gains; income includes capital gains.,"The Pareto-Lorenz a coefficients were computed using the top shares estimates. As a rule they were estimated from the top 0.1% share within the top 1% share: a=1/[1-log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. When the top 0.1% and top 1% shares were not available, the closest substitutes were used.",The inverted Pareto-Lorenz b coefficients were computed from the Pareto-Lorenz coefficients using the formula b=a/(a-1). Alternatively they can be computed by using directly the top income shares series and the formula: b=1/[log(S1%/S0.1%)/log(10)]. 54 | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------