├── .flake8
├── .gitignore
├── LICENSE
├── MANIFEST.in
├── README.rst
├── bin
├── sitemap_gen.py
├── strip.py
└── update.sh
├── homebrew.sh
├── pavement.py
├── pearson
├── newphstyle.cls
└── newphstyle.sty
├── requirements.txt
├── setup.cfg
├── sitemap_gen_config.xml
├── source
├── _exts
│ ├── figureref.py
│ ├── pearson
│ │ └── writer.py
│ ├── pydoc.py
│ └── tableref.py
├── _static
│ └── .placeholder
├── _themes
│ └── pymotw
│ │ ├── domainindex.html
│ │ ├── genindex-single.html
│ │ ├── genindex-split.html
│ │ ├── genindex.html
│ │ ├── layout.html
│ │ ├── localtoc.html
│ │ ├── page.html
│ │ ├── search.html
│ │ ├── searchbox.html
│ │ ├── searchresults.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_ads.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_book.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_examples.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_lastupdated.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_nav.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_subscribe.html
│ │ ├── sidebar_toc.html
│ │ ├── static
│ │ ├── book-cover-image-med.jpg
│ │ ├── book-cover-image-small.jpg
│ │ ├── cc-30-by-nc-sa.png
│ │ ├── dh-green-hosting.gif
│ │ ├── favicon.png
│ │ ├── font-awesome
│ │ │ ├── css
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome-ie7.css
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome-ie7.min.css
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome.css
│ │ │ │ └── font-awesome.min.css
│ │ │ ├── font
│ │ │ │ ├── FontAwesome.otf
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.eot
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.svg
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.ttf
│ │ │ │ └── fontawesome-webfont.woff
│ │ │ ├── fonts
│ │ │ │ ├── FontAwesome.otf
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.eot
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.svg
│ │ │ │ ├── fontawesome-webfont.ttf
│ │ │ │ └── fontawesome-webfont.woff
│ │ │ ├── less
│ │ │ │ ├── bootstrap.less
│ │ │ │ ├── bordered-pulled.less
│ │ │ │ ├── core.less
│ │ │ │ ├── extras.less
│ │ │ │ ├── fixed-width.less
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome-ie7.less
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome.less
│ │ │ │ ├── icons.less
│ │ │ │ ├── larger.less
│ │ │ │ ├── list.less
│ │ │ │ ├── mixins.less
│ │ │ │ ├── path.less
│ │ │ │ ├── rotated-flipped.less
│ │ │ │ ├── spinning.less
│ │ │ │ ├── stacked.less
│ │ │ │ └── variables.less
│ │ │ └── scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _bootstrap.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _bordered-pulled.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _core.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _extras.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _fixed-width.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _icons.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _larger.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _list.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _mixins.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _path.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _rotated-flipped.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _spinning.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _stacked.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── _variables.scss
│ │ │ │ ├── font-awesome-ie7.scss
│ │ │ │ └── font-awesome.scss
│ │ ├── logo-large.png
│ │ ├── logo.png
│ │ ├── pure-min.css
│ │ ├── pymotw.less
│ │ └── vars.less
│ │ └── theme.conf
├── abc
│ ├── abc_abc_base.py
│ ├── abc_abstractproperty.py
│ ├── abc_abstractproperty_rw.py
│ ├── abc_base.py
│ ├── abc_class_static.py
│ ├── abc_concrete_method.py
│ ├── abc_find_subclasses.py
│ ├── abc_incomplete.py
│ ├── abc_register.py
│ ├── abc_subclass.py
│ └── index.rst
├── about.rst
├── algorithm_tools.rst
├── argparse
│ ├── argparse_FileType.py
│ ├── argparse_action.py
│ ├── argparse_arguments.py
│ ├── argparse_choices.py
│ ├── argparse_conflict_handler_resolve.py
│ ├── argparse_conflict_handler_resolve2.py
│ ├── argparse_custom_action.py
│ ├── argparse_custom_help.py
│ ├── argparse_default_grouping.py
│ ├── argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.py
│ ├── argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.txt
│ ├── argparse_long.py
│ ├── argparse_metavar_type_help_formatter.py
│ ├── argparse_mutually_exclusive.py
│ ├── argparse_nargs.py
│ ├── argparse_parent_base.py
│ ├── argparse_parent_with_group.py
│ ├── argparse_prefix_chars.py
│ ├── argparse_raw_description_help_formatter.py
│ ├── argparse_raw_text_help_formatter.py
│ ├── argparse_short.py
│ ├── argparse_subparsers.py
│ ├── argparse_type.py
│ ├── argparse_uses_parent.py
│ ├── argparse_uses_parent_with_group.py
│ ├── argparse_with_help.py
│ ├── argparse_with_shlex.ini
│ ├── argparse_with_shlex.py
│ ├── argparse_without_help.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── tmp_file.txt
├── array
│ ├── array_byteswap.py
│ ├── array_file.py
│ ├── array_sequence.py
│ ├── array_string.py
│ ├── array_tobytes.py
│ └── index.rst
├── asyncio
│ ├── asyncio_as_completed.py
│ ├── asyncio_call_at.py
│ ├── asyncio_call_later.py
│ ├── asyncio_call_soon.py
│ ├── asyncio_cancel_task.py
│ ├── asyncio_cancel_task2.py
│ ├── asyncio_condition.py
│ ├── asyncio_coroutine.py
│ ├── asyncio_coroutine_chain.py
│ ├── asyncio_coroutine_return.py
│ ├── asyncio_create_task.py
│ ├── asyncio_debug.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_client_coroutine.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_client_protocol.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_client_ssl.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_server_coroutine.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_server_generator.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_server_protocol.py
│ ├── asyncio_echo_server_ssl.py
│ ├── asyncio_ensure_future.py
│ ├── asyncio_event.py
│ ├── asyncio_executor_process.py
│ ├── asyncio_executor_thread.py
│ ├── asyncio_future_await.py
│ ├── asyncio_future_callback.py
│ ├── asyncio_future_event_loop.py
│ ├── asyncio_gather.py
│ ├── asyncio_generator.py
│ ├── asyncio_getaddrinfo.py
│ ├── asyncio_getnameinfo.py
│ ├── asyncio_lock.py
│ ├── asyncio_queue.py
│ ├── asyncio_signal.py
│ ├── asyncio_stop.py
│ ├── asyncio_subprocess_coroutine.py
│ ├── asyncio_subprocess_coroutine_write.py
│ ├── asyncio_subprocess_protocol.py
│ ├── asyncio_wait.py
│ ├── asyncio_wait_timeout.py
│ ├── concepts.rst
│ ├── control.rst
│ ├── coroutines.rst
│ ├── debugging.rst
│ ├── dns.rst
│ ├── executors.rst
│ ├── futures.rst
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── io_coroutine.rst
│ ├── io_protocol.rst
│ ├── pymotw.crt
│ ├── pymotw.key
│ ├── scheduling.rst
│ ├── ssl.rst
│ ├── subprocesses.rst
│ ├── synchronization.rst
│ ├── tasks.rst
│ └── unix_signals.rst
├── atexit
│ ├── atexit_decorator.py
│ ├── atexit_exception.py
│ ├── atexit_keyboardinterrupt.py
│ ├── atexit_multiple.py
│ ├── atexit_os_exit.py
│ ├── atexit_signal_child.py
│ ├── atexit_signal_parent.py
│ ├── atexit_simple.py
│ ├── atexit_sys_exit.py
│ ├── atexit_unregister.py
│ ├── atexit_unregister_not_registered.py
│ └── index.rst
├── base64
│ ├── base64_b64decode.py
│ ├── base64_b64encode.py
│ ├── base64_base16.py
│ ├── base64_base32.py
│ ├── base64_base85.py
│ ├── base64_urlsafe.py
│ └── index.rst
├── bisect
│ ├── bisect_example.py
│ ├── bisect_example2.py
│ └── index.rst
├── book.rst
├── bz2
│ ├── bz2_file_compresslevel.py
│ ├── bz2_file_read.py
│ ├── bz2_file_seek.py
│ ├── bz2_file_write.py
│ ├── bz2_file_writelines.py
│ ├── bz2_incremental.py
│ ├── bz2_lengths.py
│ ├── bz2_memory.py
│ ├── bz2_mixed.py
│ ├── bz2_server.py
│ ├── bz2_unicode.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── lorem.txt
├── calendar
│ ├── calendar_formatyear.py
│ ├── calendar_htmlcalendar.py
│ ├── calendar_locale.py
│ ├── calendar_monthcalendar.py
│ ├── calendar_secondthursday.py
│ ├── calendar_textcalendar.py
│ ├── calendar_yeardays2calendar.py
│ └── index.rst
├── cgitb
│ ├── cgitb_basic_traceback.py
│ ├── cgitb_exception_properties.py
│ ├── cgitb_extended_traceback.py
│ ├── cgitb_html_output.py
│ ├── cgitb_local_vars.py
│ ├── cgitb_log_exception.py
│ ├── cgitb_more_context.py
│ ├── cgitb_with_classes.py
│ └── index.rst
├── cmd
│ ├── cmd_arg_completion.py
│ ├── cmd_arguments.py
│ ├── cmd_argv.py
│ ├── cmd_attributes.py
│ ├── cmd_do_help.py
│ ├── cmd_do_shell.py
│ ├── cmd_file.py
│ ├── cmd_file.txt
│ ├── cmd_illustrate_methods.py
│ ├── cmd_simple.py
│ └── index.rst
├── codecs
│ ├── codecs_bom.py
│ ├── codecs_bom_create_file.py
│ ├── codecs_bom_detection.py
│ ├── codecs_decode.py
│ ├── codecs_decode_error.py
│ ├── codecs_encode_error.py
│ ├── codecs_encodedfile.py
│ ├── codecs_encodings.py
│ ├── codecs_incremental_bz2.py
│ ├── codecs_invertcaps.py
│ ├── codecs_invertcaps_charmap.py
│ ├── codecs_invertcaps_error.py
│ ├── codecs_invertcaps_register.py
│ ├── codecs_open_read.py
│ ├── codecs_open_write.py
│ ├── codecs_register.py
│ ├── codecs_rot13.py
│ ├── codecs_socket.py
│ ├── codecs_socket_fail.py
│ ├── codecs_to_hex.py
│ ├── codecs_zlib.py
│ └── index.rst
├── collections
│ ├── abc.rst
│ ├── chainmap.rst
│ ├── collections_chainmap_new_child.py
│ ├── collections_chainmap_new_child_explicit.py
│ ├── collections_chainmap_read.py
│ ├── collections_chainmap_reorder.py
│ ├── collections_chainmap_update_behind.py
│ ├── collections_chainmap_update_directly.py
│ ├── collections_counter_arithmetic.py
│ ├── collections_counter_elements.py
│ ├── collections_counter_get_values.py
│ ├── collections_counter_init.py
│ ├── collections_counter_most_common.py
│ ├── collections_counter_update.py
│ ├── collections_defaultdict.py
│ ├── collections_deque.py
│ ├── collections_deque_both_ends.py
│ ├── collections_deque_consuming.py
│ ├── collections_deque_maxlen.py
│ ├── collections_deque_populating.py
│ ├── collections_deque_rotate.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_asdict.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_bad_fields.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_fields.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_immutable.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_person.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_rename.py
│ ├── collections_namedtuple_replace.py
│ ├── collections_ordereddict_equality.py
│ ├── collections_ordereddict_iter.py
│ ├── collections_ordereddict_move_to_end.py
│ ├── collections_tuple.py
│ ├── counter.rst
│ ├── defaultdict.rst
│ ├── deque.rst
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── namedtuple.rst
│ └── ordereddict.rst
├── compileall
│ ├── compileall_compile_dir.py
│ ├── compileall_compile_file.py
│ ├── compileall_exclude_dirs.py
│ ├── compileall_path.py
│ ├── compileall_recursion_depth.py
│ ├── examples
│ │ ├── README
│ │ ├── a.py
│ │ └── subdir
│ │ │ └── b.py
│ └── index.rst
├── compression.rst
├── concurrency.rst
├── concurrent.futures
│ ├── futures_as_completed.py
│ ├── futures_context_manager.py
│ ├── futures_future_callback.py
│ ├── futures_future_callback_cancel.py
│ ├── futures_future_exception.py
│ ├── futures_process_pool_broken.py
│ ├── futures_process_pool_map.py
│ ├── futures_thread_pool_map.py
│ ├── futures_thread_pool_submit.py
│ └── index.rst
├── conf.py
├── configparser
│ ├── allow_no_value.ini
│ ├── configparser_allow_no_value.py
│ ├── configparser_custom_types.py
│ ├── configparser_defaults.py
│ ├── configparser_escape.py
│ ├── configparser_example.py
│ ├── configparser_extendedinterpolation.py
│ ├── configparser_has_option.py
│ ├── configparser_has_section.py
│ ├── configparser_interpolation.py
│ ├── configparser_interpolation_defaults.py
│ ├── configparser_interpolation_error.py
│ ├── configparser_interpolation_recursion.py
│ ├── configparser_multiline.py
│ ├── configparser_nointerpolation.py
│ ├── configparser_populate.py
│ ├── configparser_read.py
│ ├── configparser_read_many.py
│ ├── configparser_remove.py
│ ├── configparser_structure.py
│ ├── configparser_structure_dict.py
│ ├── configparser_unicode.py
│ ├── configparser_value_types.py
│ ├── configparser_write.py
│ ├── custom_types.ini
│ ├── escape.ini
│ ├── extended_interpolation.ini
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── interpolation.ini
│ ├── interpolation_defaults.ini
│ ├── multiline.ini
│ ├── multisection.ini
│ ├── simple.ini
│ ├── types.ini
│ ├── unicode.ini
│ └── with-defaults.ini
├── contextlib
│ ├── contextlib_api.py
│ ├── contextlib_api_error.py
│ ├── contextlib_api_other_object.py
│ ├── contextlib_closing.py
│ ├── contextlib_context_managers.py
│ ├── contextlib_contextmanager.py
│ ├── contextlib_contextmanager_decorator.py
│ ├── contextlib_decorator.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_callbacks.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_callbacks_decorator.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_callbacks_error.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_enter_context.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_enter_context_errors.py
│ ├── contextlib_exitstack_pop_all.py
│ ├── contextlib_file.py
│ ├── contextlib_ignore_error.py
│ ├── contextlib_redirect.py
│ ├── contextlib_suppress.py
│ └── index.rst
├── copy
│ ├── copy_deep.py
│ ├── copy_hooks.py
│ ├── copy_recursion.py
│ ├── copy_shallow.py
│ └── index.rst
├── cryptographic.rst
├── csv
│ ├── csv_dialect.py
│ ├── csv_dialect_sniffer.py
│ ├── csv_dialect_variations.py
│ ├── csv_dictreader.py
│ ├── csv_dictwriter.py
│ ├── csv_list_dialects.py
│ ├── csv_reader.py
│ ├── csv_writer.py
│ ├── csv_writer_quoted.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── testdata.csv
│ ├── testdata.pipes
│ └── testlinebreak.csv
├── data_structures.rst
├── dates.rst
├── datetime
│ ├── datetime_comparing.py
│ ├── datetime_date.py
│ ├── datetime_date_fromordinal.py
│ ├── datetime_date_fromothervalue.py
│ ├── datetime_date_isocalendar.py
│ ├── datetime_date_math.py
│ ├── datetime_date_minmax.py
│ ├── datetime_date_replace.py
│ ├── datetime_datetime.py
│ ├── datetime_datetime_combine.py
│ ├── datetime_datetime_math.py
│ ├── datetime_datetime_minmax.py
│ ├── datetime_datetime_strptime.py
│ ├── datetime_format.py
│ ├── datetime_time.py
│ ├── datetime_time_minmax.py
│ ├── datetime_time_resolution.py
│ ├── datetime_timedelta.py
│ ├── datetime_timedelta_math.py
│ ├── datetime_timedelta_total_seconds.py
│ ├── datetime_timezone.py
│ └── index.rst
├── dbm
│ ├── dbm_existing.py
│ ├── dbm_intkeys.py
│ ├── dbm_intvalue.py
│ ├── dbm_new.py
│ ├── dbm_whichdb.py
│ └── index.rst
├── decimal
│ ├── decimal_context_manager.py
│ ├── decimal_create.py
│ ├── decimal_format.py
│ ├── decimal_getcontext.py
│ ├── decimal_instance_context.py
│ ├── decimal_log.py
│ ├── decimal_operators.py
│ ├── decimal_precision.py
│ ├── decimal_rounding.py
│ ├── decimal_special.py
│ ├── decimal_thread_context.py
│ ├── decimal_tuple.py
│ └── index.rst
├── dev_tools.rst
├── difflib
│ ├── difflib_context.py
│ ├── difflib_data.py
│ ├── difflib_differ.py
│ ├── difflib_html.py
│ ├── difflib_junk.py
│ ├── difflib_ndiff.py
│ ├── difflib_seq.py
│ ├── difflib_unified.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── output.diff
├── dis
│ ├── dis_class.py
│ ├── dis_constant_folding.py
│ ├── dis_eliminate_loop.py
│ ├── dis_faster_loop.py
│ ├── dis_fastest_loop.py
│ ├── dis_function.py
│ ├── dis_loops.py
│ ├── dis_show_code.py
│ ├── dis_simple.py
│ ├── dis_slow_loop.py
│ ├── dis_string.py
│ ├── dis_test_loop.py
│ ├── dis_traceback.py
│ └── index.rst
├── doctest
│ ├── doctest_blankline.py
│ ├── doctest_blankline_fail.py
│ ├── doctest_docstrings.py
│ ├── doctest_ellipsis.py
│ ├── doctest_extra_space.py
│ ├── doctest_hashed_values.py
│ ├── doctest_hashed_values_tests.py
│ ├── doctest_in_help.py
│ ├── doctest_in_help.txt
│ ├── doctest_mutable_globals.py
│ ├── doctest_ndiff.py
│ ├── doctest_normalize_whitespace.py
│ ├── doctest_private_tests.py
│ ├── doctest_private_tests_external.py
│ ├── doctest_simple.py
│ ├── doctest_simple_with_docs.py
│ ├── doctest_test_globals.py
│ ├── doctest_testfile.py
│ ├── doctest_testmod.py
│ ├── doctest_testmod_other_module.py
│ ├── doctest_tracebacks.py
│ ├── doctest_tracebacks_no_body.py
│ ├── doctest_unittest.py
│ ├── doctest_unpredictable.py
│ └── index.rst
├── email.rst
├── ensurepip
│ └── index.rst
├── enum
│ ├── enum_aliases.py
│ ├── enum_comparison.py
│ ├── enum_complex_values.py
│ ├── enum_create.py
│ ├── enum_intenum.py
│ ├── enum_iterate.py
│ ├── enum_programmatic_create.py
│ ├── enum_programmatic_mapping.py
│ ├── enum_tuple_values.py
│ ├── enum_unique_enforce.py
│ └── index.rst
├── file_access.rst
├── filecmp
│ ├── filecmp_cmp.py
│ ├── filecmp_cmpfiles.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_common.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_diff.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_list.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_list_filter.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_membership.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_report.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_report_full_closure.py
│ ├── filecmp_dircmp_subdirs.py
│ ├── filecmp_mkexamples.py
│ └── index.rst
├── fileinput
│ ├── etc_hosts
│ ├── etc_hosts.txt
│ ├── fileinput_change_subnet.py
│ ├── fileinput_change_subnet_noisy.py
│ ├── fileinput_example.py
│ ├── fileinput_grep.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── m3utorss.html
│ └── sample_data.m3u
├── fnmatch
│ ├── fnmatch_filter.py
│ ├── fnmatch_fnmatch.py
│ ├── fnmatch_fnmatchcase.py
│ ├── fnmatch_translate.py
│ └── index.rst
├── fractions
│ ├── fractions_arithmetic.py
│ ├── fractions_create_integers.py
│ ├── fractions_create_strings.py
│ ├── fractions_create_strings_floats.py
│ ├── fractions_from_decimal.py
│ ├── fractions_from_float.py
│ ├── fractions_limit_denominator.py
│ └── index.rst
├── frameworks.rst
├── functools
│ ├── functools_callable.py
│ ├── functools_cmp_to_key.py
│ ├── functools_lru_cache.py
│ ├── functools_lru_cache_arguments.py
│ ├── functools_lru_cache_expire.py
│ ├── functools_partial.py
│ ├── functools_partialmethod.py
│ ├── functools_reduce.py
│ ├── functools_reduce_initializer.py
│ ├── functools_reduce_short_sequences.py
│ ├── functools_singledispatch.py
│ ├── functools_singledispatch_mro.py
│ ├── functools_total_ordering.py
│ ├── functools_update_wrapper.py
│ ├── functools_wraps.py
│ └── index.rst
├── gc
│ ├── gc_collect.py
│ ├── gc_debug_leak.py
│ ├── gc_debug_saveall.py
│ ├── gc_debug_stats.py
│ ├── gc_get_objects.py
│ ├── gc_get_referents.py
│ ├── gc_get_referents_cycles.py
│ ├── gc_get_referrers.py
│ ├── gc_get_threshold.py
│ ├── gc_threshold.py
│ └── index.rst
├── getopt
│ ├── getopt_example.py
│ ├── getopt_gnu.py
│ ├── getopt_long.py
│ ├── getopt_short.py
│ └── index.rst
├── getpass
│ ├── getpass_defaults.py
│ ├── getpass_noterminal.py
│ ├── getpass_prompt.py
│ ├── getpass_stream.py
│ └── index.rst
├── gettext
│ ├── example.pot
│ ├── gettext_app_builtin.py
│ ├── gettext_example.py
│ ├── gettext_example_corrected.py
│ ├── gettext_find.py
│ ├── gettext_module_global.py
│ ├── gettext_plural.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── locale
│ │ ├── en_CA
│ │ │ └── LC_MESSAGES
│ │ │ │ ├── example.mo
│ │ │ │ └── example.po
│ │ └── en_US
│ │ │ └── LC_MESSAGES
│ │ │ ├── example.mo
│ │ │ ├── example.po
│ │ │ ├── plural.mo
│ │ │ └── plural.po
│ └── plural.pot
├── glob
│ ├── glob_asterisk.py
│ ├── glob_charrange.py
│ ├── glob_escape.py
│ ├── glob_extension.py
│ ├── glob_maketestdata.py
│ ├── glob_question.py
│ ├── glob_subdir.py
│ └── index.rst
├── grp
│ ├── grp_getgrall.py
│ ├── grp_getgrgid_fileowner.py
│ ├── grp_getgrgid_process.py
│ ├── grp_getgrnam.py
│ ├── grp_groups_for_user.py
│ └── index.rst
├── gzip
│ ├── gzip_BytesIO.py
│ ├── gzip_compresslevel.py
│ ├── gzip_read.py
│ ├── gzip_seek.py
│ ├── gzip_write.py
│ ├── gzip_writelines.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── lorem.txt
├── hashlib
│ ├── hashlib_algorithms.py
│ ├── hashlib_data.py
│ ├── hashlib_md5.py
│ ├── hashlib_new.py
│ ├── hashlib_sha1.py
│ ├── hashlib_update.py
│ └── index.rst
├── heapq
│ ├── heapq_extremes.py
│ ├── heapq_heapdata.py
│ ├── heapq_heapify.py
│ ├── heapq_heappop.py
│ ├── heapq_heappush.py
│ ├── heapq_heapreplace.py
│ ├── heapq_merge.py
│ ├── heapq_showtree.py
│ └── index.rst
├── hmac
│ ├── hmac_base64.py
│ ├── hmac_pickle.py
│ ├── hmac_sha.py
│ ├── hmac_simple.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── lorem.txt
├── http.cookies
│ ├── http_cookies_Morsel.py
│ ├── http_cookies_coded_value.py
│ ├── http_cookies_js_output.py
│ ├── http_cookies_parse.py
│ ├── http_cookies_setheaders.py
│ └── index.rst
├── http.server
│ ├── http_server_GET.py
│ ├── http_server_POST.py
│ ├── http_server_errors.py
│ ├── http_server_send_header.py
│ ├── http_server_threads.py
│ └── index.rst
├── i18n.rst
├── images
│ └── replacement-character.png
├── imaplib
│ ├── imaplib_append.py
│ ├── imaplib_archive_read.py
│ ├── imaplib_connect.py
│ ├── imaplib_connect_fail.py
│ ├── imaplib_delete_messages.py
│ ├── imaplib_fetch_body.py
│ ├── imaplib_fetch_raw.py
│ ├── imaplib_fetch_rfc822.py
│ ├── imaplib_fetch_separately.py
│ ├── imaplib_list.py
│ ├── imaplib_list_parse.py
│ ├── imaplib_list_pattern.py
│ ├── imaplib_list_subfolders.py
│ ├── imaplib_search_all.py
│ ├── imaplib_search_from.py
│ ├── imaplib_search_subject.py
│ ├── imaplib_select.py
│ ├── imaplib_select_invalid.py
│ ├── imaplib_status.py
│ └── index.rst
├── importing.rst
├── importlib
│ ├── example
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── submodule.py
│ ├── importlib_find_loader.py
│ ├── importlib_import_module.py
│ ├── importlib_import_module_error.py
│ ├── importlib_reload.py
│ ├── importlib_submodule.py
│ ├── importlib_suffixes.py
│ └── index.rst
├── index.rst
├── inspect
│ ├── example.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── inspect_currentframe.py
│ ├── inspect_formatargspec.py
│ ├── inspect_getclasstree.py
│ ├── inspect_getclasstree_unique.py
│ ├── inspect_getcomments_method.py
│ ├── inspect_getcomments_module.py
│ ├── inspect_getdoc.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_class.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_class_methods.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_class_methods_b.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_instance.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_module.py
│ ├── inspect_getmembers_module_class.py
│ ├── inspect_getmro.py
│ ├── inspect_getsource_class.py
│ ├── inspect_getsource_method.py
│ ├── inspect_getsourcelines_method.py
│ ├── inspect_signature_bind.py
│ ├── inspect_signature_bind_partial.py
│ ├── inspect_signature_function.py
│ └── inspect_stack.py
├── internet_protocols.rst
├── io
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── io_bytesio.py
│ ├── io_stringio.py
│ └── io_textiowrapper.py
├── ipaddress
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── ipaddress_addresses.py
│ ├── ipaddress_interfaces.py
│ ├── ipaddress_network_iterate.py
│ ├── ipaddress_network_iterate_hosts.py
│ ├── ipaddress_network_membership.py
│ └── ipaddress_networks.py
├── itertools
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── itertools_accumulate.py
│ ├── itertools_accumulate_custom.py
│ ├── itertools_chain.py
│ ├── itertools_chain_from_iterable.py
│ ├── itertools_combinations.py
│ ├── itertools_combinations_with_replacement.py
│ ├── itertools_compress.py
│ ├── itertools_count.py
│ ├── itertools_count_step.py
│ ├── itertools_cycle.py
│ ├── itertools_dropwhile.py
│ ├── itertools_filter.py
│ ├── itertools_filterfalse.py
│ ├── itertools_groupby.py
│ ├── itertools_groupby_seq.py
│ ├── itertools_islice.py
│ ├── itertools_map.py
│ ├── itertools_permutations.py
│ ├── itertools_product.py
│ ├── itertools_product_ordering.py
│ ├── itertools_product_repeat.py
│ ├── itertools_repeat.py
│ ├── itertools_repeat_map.py
│ ├── itertools_repeat_zip.py
│ ├── itertools_starmap.py
│ ├── itertools_takewhile.py
│ ├── itertools_tee.py
│ ├── itertools_tee_error.py
│ ├── itertools_zip.py
│ └── itertools_zip_longest.py
├── json
│ ├── example.json
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── json_compact_encoding.py
│ ├── json_decoder_object_hook.py
│ ├── json_dump_default.py
│ ├── json_dump_file.py
│ ├── json_encoder_default.py
│ ├── json_encoder_iterable.py
│ ├── json_indent.py
│ ├── json_load_file.py
│ ├── json_load_object_hook.py
│ ├── json_mixed_data.py
│ ├── json_myobj.py
│ ├── json_simple_types.py
│ ├── json_simple_types_decode.py
│ ├── json_skipkeys.py
│ └── json_sort_keys.py
├── language.rst
├── linecache
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── linecache_data.py
│ ├── linecache_empty_line.py
│ ├── linecache_example.py
│ ├── linecache_getline.py
│ ├── linecache_missing_file.py
│ ├── linecache_out_of_range.py
│ └── linecache_path_search.py
├── locale
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── locale_atof.py
│ ├── locale_currency.py
│ ├── locale_date.py
│ ├── locale_delocalize.py
│ ├── locale_env.py
│ ├── locale_grouping.py
│ └── locale_list.py
├── logging
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── logger_tree.dot
│ ├── logger_tree_handler.dot
│ ├── logger_tree_multihandler.dot
│ ├── logging_capture_warnings.py
│ ├── logging_file_example.py
│ ├── logging_level_example.py
│ ├── logging_modules_example.py
│ └── logging_rotatingfile_example.py
├── mailbox
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_add_flag.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_create.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_folders.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_read.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_remove.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_set_flags.py
│ ├── mailbox_maildir_set_subdir.py
│ ├── mailbox_mbox_create.py
│ ├── mailbox_mbox_read.py
│ └── mailbox_mbox_remove.py
├── math
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── math_constants.py
│ ├── math_copysign.py
│ ├── math_degrees.py
│ ├── math_distance_2_points.py
│ ├── math_erf.py
│ ├── math_erfc.py
│ ├── math_exp.py
│ ├── math_expm1.py
│ ├── math_fabs.py
│ ├── math_factorial.py
│ ├── math_fmod.py
│ ├── math_frexp.py
│ ├── math_fsum.py
│ ├── math_gamma.py
│ ├── math_gcd.py
│ ├── math_hyperbolic.py
│ ├── math_hypot.py
│ ├── math_integers.py
│ ├── math_inverse_trig.py
│ ├── math_isclose.py
│ ├── math_isclose_abs_tol.py
│ ├── math_isclose_inf.py
│ ├── math_isfinite.py
│ ├── math_isinf.py
│ ├── math_isnan.py
│ ├── math_ldexp.py
│ ├── math_lgamma.py
│ ├── math_log.py
│ ├── math_log10.py
│ ├── math_log1p.py
│ ├── math_log2.py
│ ├── math_modf.py
│ ├── math_overflow.py
│ ├── math_pow.py
│ ├── math_radians.py
│ ├── math_sqrt.py
│ └── math_trig.py
├── mmap
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── lorem.txt
│ ├── mmap_read.py
│ ├── mmap_regex.py
│ ├── mmap_write_copy.py
│ └── mmap_write_slice.py
├── multiprocessing
│ ├── basics.rst
│ ├── communication.rst
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── mapreduce.rst
│ ├── multiprocessing_condition.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_daemon.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_daemon_join.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_daemon_join_timeout.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_event.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_exitcode.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_get_logger.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_import_main.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_import_worker.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_lock.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_log_to_stderr.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_manager_dict.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_mapreduce.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_names.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_namespaces.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_namespaces_mutable.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_pool.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_pool_maxtasksperchild.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_producer_consumer.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_queue.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_semaphore.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_simple.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_simpleargs.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_subclass.py
│ ├── multiprocessing_terminate.py
│ └── multiprocessing_wordcount.py
├── networking.rst
├── numeric.rst
├── operator
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── operator_attrgetter.py
│ ├── operator_boolean.py
│ ├── operator_classes.py
│ ├── operator_comparisons.py
│ ├── operator_inplace.py
│ ├── operator_itemgetter.py
│ ├── operator_math.py
│ └── operator_sequences.py
├── os.path
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── ospath_abspath.py
│ ├── ospath_basename.py
│ ├── ospath_commonpath.py
│ ├── ospath_commonprefix.py
│ ├── ospath_dirname.py
│ ├── ospath_expanduser.py
│ ├── ospath_expandvars.py
│ ├── ospath_join.py
│ ├── ospath_normpath.py
│ ├── ospath_properties.py
│ ├── ospath_split.py
│ ├── ospath_splitext.py
│ └── ospath_tests.py
├── os
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── os_access.py
│ ├── os_cwd_example.py
│ ├── os_directories.py
│ ├── os_environ_example.py
│ ├── os_exec_example.py
│ ├── os_fork_example.py
│ ├── os_kill_example.py
│ ├── os_listdir.py
│ ├── os_process_id_example.py
│ ├── os_process_user_example.py
│ ├── os_rename_replace.py
│ ├── os_scandir.py
│ ├── os_spawn_example.py
│ ├── os_stat.py
│ ├── os_stat_chmod.py
│ ├── os_strerror.py
│ ├── os_symlinks.py
│ ├── os_system_background.py
│ ├── os_system_example.py
│ ├── os_system_shell.py
│ ├── os_wait_example.py
│ ├── os_waitpid_example.py
│ └── os_walk.py
├── pathlib
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── pathlib_chmod.py
│ ├── pathlib_convenience.py
│ ├── pathlib_from_existing.py
│ ├── pathlib_glob.py
│ ├── pathlib_iterdir.py
│ ├── pathlib_joinpath.py
│ ├── pathlib_mkdir.py
│ ├── pathlib_name.py
│ ├── pathlib_operator.py
│ ├── pathlib_ownership.py
│ ├── pathlib_parents.py
│ ├── pathlib_parts.py
│ ├── pathlib_read_write.py
│ ├── pathlib_resolve.py
│ ├── pathlib_rglob.py
│ ├── pathlib_rmdir.py
│ ├── pathlib_stat.py
│ ├── pathlib_symlink_to.py
│ ├── pathlib_touch.py
│ ├── pathlib_types.py
│ └── pathlib_unlink.py
├── pdb
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── lorem.txt
│ ├── pdb_break.py
│ ├── pdb_break_remote.py
│ ├── pdb_function_arguments.py
│ ├── pdb_interact.py
│ ├── pdb_jump.py
│ ├── pdb_next.py
│ ├── pdb_no_jump.py
│ ├── pdb_post_mortem.py
│ ├── pdb_pp.py
│ ├── pdb_run.py
│ ├── pdb_script.py
│ ├── pdb_set_trace.py
│ └── pdb_step.py
├── persistence.rst
├── pickle
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── pickle_cycle.py
│ ├── pickle_dump_to_file_1.py
│ ├── pickle_load_from_file_1.py
│ ├── pickle_load_from_file_2.py
│ ├── pickle_state.py
│ ├── pickle_stream.py
│ ├── pickle_string.py
│ └── pickle_unpickle.py
├── pkgutil
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── demopkg1
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── shared.py
│ ├── demopkg2
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── overloaded.py
│ ├── develop
│ │ ├── demopkg2
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── overloaded.py
│ │ └── nested
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ ├── second
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── deep.py
│ │ │ └── shallow.py
│ ├── extension
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── demopkg1
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── not_shared.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── nested
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── second
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── deep.py
│ │ └── shallow.py
│ ├── os_one
│ │ ├── demopkg1.pkg
│ │ └── demopkg1
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── not_shared.py
│ ├── os_two
│ │ ├── demopkg1.pkg
│ │ └── demopkg1
│ │ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ │ └── not_shared.py
│ ├── pkgutil_devel.py
│ ├── pkgutil_extend_path.py
│ ├── pkgutil_extend_path.sh
│ ├── pkgutil_get_data.py
│ ├── pkgutil_get_data_zip.py
│ ├── pkgutil_nested.py
│ ├── pkgutil_os_specific.py
│ ├── pkgwithdata
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── templates
│ │ │ └── base.html
│ ├── run_dev.sh
│ └── with_os.sh
├── platform
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── platform_architecture.py
│ ├── platform_os_info.py
│ ├── platform_platform.py
│ └── platform_python.py
├── porting_notes.rst
├── pprint
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── pprint_arbitrary_object.py
│ ├── pprint_compact.py
│ ├── pprint_data.py
│ ├── pprint_depth.py
│ ├── pprint_pformat.py
│ ├── pprint_pprint.py
│ ├── pprint_recursion.py
│ └── pprint_width.py
├── profile
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── profile_fibonacci_memoized.py
│ ├── profile_fibonacci_raw.py
│ ├── profile_runctx.py
│ ├── profile_stats.py
│ ├── profile_stats_0.stats
│ ├── profile_stats_1.stats
│ ├── profile_stats_2.stats
│ ├── profile_stats_3.stats
│ ├── profile_stats_4.stats
│ ├── profile_stats_callers.py
│ └── profile_stats_restricted.py
├── pwd
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── pwd_getpwall.py
│ ├── pwd_getpwnam.py
│ ├── pwd_getpwuid_fileowner.py
│ └── pwd_getpwuid_process.py
├── pyclbr
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── pyclbr_example.py
│ ├── pyclbr_readmodule.py
│ └── pyclbr_readmodule_ex.py
├── pydoc
│ └── index.rst
├── queue
│ ├── fetch_podcasts.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── queue_fifo.py
│ ├── queue_lifo.py
│ └── queue_priority.py
├── random
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── random_choice.py
│ ├── random_randint.py
│ ├── random_random.py
│ ├── random_random_class.py
│ ├── random_randrange.py
│ ├── random_sample.py
│ ├── random_seed.py
│ ├── random_shuffle.py
│ ├── random_state.py
│ ├── random_system_random.py
│ └── random_uniform.py
├── re
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── re_anchoring.py
│ ├── re_charset.py
│ ├── re_charset_dot.py
│ ├── re_charset_exclude.py
│ ├── re_charset_ranges.py
│ ├── re_email_compact.py
│ ├── re_email_verbose.py
│ ├── re_email_with_name.py
│ ├── re_escape_codes.py
│ ├── re_escape_escapes.py
│ ├── re_findall.py
│ ├── re_finditer.py
│ ├── re_flags_ascii.py
│ ├── re_flags_dotall.py
│ ├── re_flags_embedded.py
│ ├── re_flags_ignorecase.py
│ ├── re_flags_multiline.py
│ ├── re_fullmatch.py
│ ├── re_groups.py
│ ├── re_groups_alternative.py
│ ├── re_groups_individual.py
│ ├── re_groups_match.py
│ ├── re_groups_named.py
│ ├── re_groups_nested.py
│ ├── re_groups_noncapturing.py
│ ├── re_id.py
│ ├── re_look_ahead.py
│ ├── re_look_behind.py
│ ├── re_match.py
│ ├── re_negative_look_ahead.py
│ ├── re_negative_look_behind.py
│ ├── re_paragraphs_findall.py
│ ├── re_refer_to_group.py
│ ├── re_refer_to_named_group.py
│ ├── re_repetition.py
│ ├── re_repetition_non_greedy.py
│ ├── re_search_substring.py
│ ├── re_simple.py
│ ├── re_simple_compiled.py
│ ├── re_simple_match.py
│ ├── re_split.py
│ ├── re_split_groups.py
│ ├── re_sub.py
│ ├── re_sub_count.py
│ ├── re_sub_named_groups.py
│ ├── re_subn.py
│ ├── re_test_patterns.py
│ └── re_test_patterns_groups.py
├── readline
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── myreadline.rc
│ ├── readline_buffer.py
│ ├── readline_completer.py
│ ├── readline_history.py
│ ├── readline_hooks.py
│ ├── readline_parse_and_bind.py
│ └── readline_read_init_file.py
├── resource
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── resource_getrlimit.py
│ ├── resource_getrusage.py
│ ├── resource_setrlimit_cpu.py
│ └── resource_setrlimit_nofile.py
├── runtime_services.rst
├── sched
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── sched_basic.py
│ ├── sched_cancel.py
│ ├── sched_overlap.py
│ └── sched_priority.py
├── select
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── select_echo_multiclient.py
│ ├── select_echo_server.py
│ ├── select_echo_server_timeout.py
│ ├── select_echo_slow_client.py
│ └── select_poll_echo_server.py
├── selectors
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── selectors_echo_client.py
│ └── selectors_echo_server.py
├── shelve
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── shelve_create.py
│ ├── shelve_existing.py
│ ├── shelve_readonly.py
│ ├── shelve_withoutwriteback.py
│ └── shelve_writeback.py
├── shlex
│ ├── apostrophe.txt
│ ├── comments.txt
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── quotes.txt
│ ├── shlex_errors.py
│ ├── shlex_example.py
│ ├── shlex_posix.py
│ ├── shlex_quote.py
│ ├── shlex_source.py
│ ├── shlex_split.py
│ ├── shlex_table.py
│ └── shlex_whitespace.py
├── shutil
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── shutil_copy.py
│ ├── shutil_copy2.py
│ ├── shutil_copyfile.py
│ ├── shutil_copyfileobj.py
│ ├── shutil_copymode.py
│ ├── shutil_copystat.py
│ ├── shutil_copytree.py
│ ├── shutil_copytree_verbose.py
│ ├── shutil_disk_usage.py
│ ├── shutil_get_archive_formats.py
│ ├── shutil_get_unpack_formats.py
│ ├── shutil_make_archive.py
│ ├── shutil_move.py
│ ├── shutil_rmtree.py
│ ├── shutil_unpack_archive.py
│ ├── shutil_which.py
│ └── shutil_which_regular_file.py
├── signal
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── signal_alarm.py
│ ├── signal_getsignal.py
│ ├── signal_ignore.py
│ ├── signal_signal.py
│ ├── signal_threads.py
│ └── signal_threads_alarm.py
├── site
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── multiple_pth
│ │ ├── a.pth
│ │ ├── b.pth
│ │ ├── from_a
│ │ │ └── mymodule.py
│ │ └── from_b
│ │ │ └── mymodule.py
│ ├── site_addsitedir.py
│ ├── site_enable_user_site.py
│ ├── site_import_path.py
│ ├── site_user_base.py
│ ├── with_modules
│ │ └── mymodule.py
│ ├── with_pth
│ │ ├── pymotw.pth
│ │ └── subdir
│ │ │ └── mymodule.py
│ ├── with_sitecustomize
│ │ ├── site_sitecustomize.py
│ │ └── sitecustomize.py
│ └── with_usercustomize
│ │ ├── site_usercustomize.py
│ │ └── usercustomize.py
├── smtpd
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── smtpd_custom.py
│ ├── smtpd_debug.py
│ ├── smtpd_proxy.py
│ └── smtpd_senddata.py
├── smtplib
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── smtplib_authenticated.py
│ ├── smtplib_sendmail.py
│ └── smtplib_verify.py
├── socket
│ ├── addressing.rst
│ ├── binary.rst
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── multicast.rst
│ ├── nonblocking.rst
│ ├── socket_address_packing.py
│ ├── socket_binary_client.py
│ ├── socket_binary_server.py
│ ├── socket_echo_client.py
│ ├── socket_echo_client_dgram.py
│ ├── socket_echo_client_easy.py
│ ├── socket_echo_client_explicit.py
│ ├── socket_echo_client_uds.py
│ ├── socket_echo_server.py
│ ├── socket_echo_server_any.py
│ ├── socket_echo_server_dgram.py
│ ├── socket_echo_server_explicit.py
│ ├── socket_echo_server_uds.py
│ ├── socket_getaddrinfo.py
│ ├── socket_getaddrinfo_extra_args.py
│ ├── socket_getfqdn.py
│ ├── socket_gethostbyaddr.py
│ ├── socket_gethostbyname.py
│ ├── socket_gethostbyname_ex.py
│ ├── socket_gethostname.py
│ ├── socket_getprotobyname.py
│ ├── socket_getservbyname.py
│ ├── socket_getservbyport.py
│ ├── socket_ipv6_address_packing.py
│ ├── socket_multicast_receiver.py
│ ├── socket_multicast_sender.py
│ ├── socket_socketpair.py
│ ├── tcp.rst
│ ├── udp.rst
│ └── uds.rst
├── socketserver
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── socketserver_echo.py
│ ├── socketserver_echo_simple.py
│ ├── socketserver_forking.py
│ └── socketserver_threaded.py
├── spelling_wordlist.txt
├── sqlite3
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── sqlite3_argument_named.py
│ ├── sqlite3_argument_positional.py
│ ├── sqlite3_argument_update.py
│ ├── sqlite3_autocommit.py
│ ├── sqlite3_create_aggregate.py
│ ├── sqlite3_create_function.py
│ ├── sqlite3_create_schema.py
│ ├── sqlite3_createdb.py
│ ├── sqlite3_cursor_description.py
│ ├── sqlite3_custom_type.py
│ ├── sqlite3_custom_type_column.py
│ ├── sqlite3_date_types.py
│ ├── sqlite3_isolation_levels.py
│ ├── sqlite3_iterdump.py
│ ├── sqlite3_load_csv.py
│ ├── sqlite3_load_extension_fts3.py
│ ├── sqlite3_memory.py
│ ├── sqlite3_regex.py
│ ├── sqlite3_row_factory.py
│ ├── sqlite3_select_tasks.py
│ ├── sqlite3_select_variations.py
│ ├── sqlite3_set_authorizer.py
│ ├── sqlite3_threading.py
│ ├── sqlite3_transaction_commit.py
│ ├── sqlite3_transaction_rollback.py
│ ├── tasks.csv
│ └── todo_schema.sql
├── statistics
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── statistics_mean.py
│ ├── statistics_median.py
│ ├── statistics_median_grouped.py
│ ├── statistics_mode.py
│ └── statistics_variance.py
├── string
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── string_capwords.py
│ ├── string_constants.py
│ ├── string_template.py
│ ├── string_template_advanced.py
│ ├── string_template_defaultpattern.py
│ ├── string_template_missing.py
│ └── string_template_newsyntax.py
├── struct
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── struct_buffers.py
│ ├── struct_endianness.py
│ ├── struct_pack.py
│ └── struct_unpack.py
├── subprocess
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── interaction.py
│ ├── repeater.py
│ ├── signal_child.py
│ ├── signal_parent.py
│ ├── subprocess_check_output_error_trap_output.py
│ ├── subprocess_os_system.py
│ ├── subprocess_pipes.py
│ ├── subprocess_popen2.py
│ ├── subprocess_popen3.py
│ ├── subprocess_popen4.py
│ ├── subprocess_popen_read.py
│ ├── subprocess_popen_write.py
│ ├── subprocess_run_check.py
│ ├── subprocess_run_output.py
│ ├── subprocess_run_output_error.py
│ ├── subprocess_run_output_error_suppress.py
│ ├── subprocess_run_output_error_trap.py
│ ├── subprocess_shell_variables.py
│ ├── subprocess_signal_parent_shell.py
│ └── subprocess_signal_setpgrp.py
├── sys
│ ├── exceptions.rst
│ ├── imports.rst
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── interpreter.rst
│ ├── limits.rst
│ ├── package_dir_a
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── example.py
│ ├── package_dir_b
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── example.py
│ ├── runtime.rst
│ ├── sys_argv.py
│ ├── sys_builtins.py
│ ├── sys_byteorder.py
│ ├── sys_current_frames.py
│ ├── sys_displayhook.py
│ ├── sys_exc_info.py
│ ├── sys_excepthook.py
│ ├── sys_exit.py
│ ├── sys_flags.py
│ ├── sys_float_info.py
│ ├── sys_getrefcount.py
│ ├── sys_getsizeof.py
│ ├── sys_getsizeof_custom.py
│ ├── sys_getsizeof_object.py
│ ├── sys_implementation.py
│ ├── sys_int_info.py
│ ├── sys_locations.py
│ ├── sys_maximums.py
│ ├── sys_meta_path.py
│ ├── sys_modules.py
│ ├── sys_path_hooks_noisy.py
│ ├── sys_path_importer_cache.py
│ ├── sys_path_modify.py
│ ├── sys_path_show.py
│ ├── sys_platform.py
│ ├── sys_ps1.py
│ ├── sys_recursionlimit.py
│ ├── sys_settrace_call.py
│ ├── sys_settrace_exception.py
│ ├── sys_settrace_line.py
│ ├── sys_settrace_return.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_create.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_get_data.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_missing.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_module.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_package.py
│ ├── sys_shelve_importer_reload.py
│ ├── sys_stdio.py
│ ├── sys_switchinterval.py
│ ├── sys_unicode.py
│ ├── sys_version_values.py
│ ├── threads.rst
│ └── tracing.rst
├── sysconfig
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── sysconfig_get_config_var.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_config_vars.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_config_vars_by_name.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_path.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_path_names.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_paths.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_platform.py
│ ├── sysconfig_get_python_version.py
│ └── sysconfig_get_scheme_names.py
├── tabnanny
│ ├── index.rst
│ └── tabnanny_check.py
├── tarfile
│ ├── README.txt
│ ├── bad_example.tar
│ ├── example.tar
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── tarfile_add.py
│ ├── tarfile_addfile.py
│ ├── tarfile_addfile_string.py
│ ├── tarfile_append.py
│ ├── tarfile_compression.py
│ ├── tarfile_extract.py
│ ├── tarfile_extractall.py
│ ├── tarfile_extractall_members.py
│ ├── tarfile_extractfile.py
│ ├── tarfile_getmember.py
│ ├── tarfile_getmembers.py
│ ├── tarfile_getnames.py
│ └── tarfile_is_tarfile.py
├── tempfile
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── tempfile_NamedTemporaryFile.py
│ ├── tempfile_NamedTemporaryFile_args.py
│ ├── tempfile_SpooledTemporaryFile.py
│ ├── tempfile_SpooledTemporaryFile_explicit.py
│ ├── tempfile_TemporaryDirectory.py
│ ├── tempfile_TemporaryFile.py
│ ├── tempfile_TemporaryFile_binary.py
│ ├── tempfile_TemporaryFile_text.py
│ ├── tempfile_settings.py
│ └── tempfile_tempdir.py
├── text.rst
├── textwrap
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── textwrap_dedent.py
│ ├── textwrap_example.py
│ ├── textwrap_fill.py
│ ├── textwrap_fill_width.py
│ ├── textwrap_hanging_indent.py
│ ├── textwrap_indent.py
│ ├── textwrap_indent_predicate.py
│ └── textwrap_shorten.py
├── third_party.rst
├── threading
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── threading_barrier.py
│ ├── threading_barrier_abort.py
│ ├── threading_condition.py
│ ├── threading_daemon.py
│ ├── threading_daemon_join.py
│ ├── threading_daemon_join_timeout.py
│ ├── threading_enumerate.py
│ ├── threading_event.py
│ ├── threading_local.py
│ ├── threading_local_defaults.py
│ ├── threading_lock.py
│ ├── threading_lock_noblock.py
│ ├── threading_lock_reacquire.py
│ ├── threading_lock_with.py
│ ├── threading_names.py
│ ├── threading_names_log.py
│ ├── threading_rlock.py
│ ├── threading_semaphore.py
│ ├── threading_simple.py
│ ├── threading_simpleargs.py
│ ├── threading_subclass.py
│ ├── threading_subclass_args.py
│ └── threading_timer.py
├── time
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── time_clock_sleep.py
│ ├── time_ctime.py
│ ├── time_get_clock_info.py
│ ├── time_monotonic.py
│ ├── time_perf_counter.py
│ ├── time_process_time.py
│ ├── time_strptime.py
│ ├── time_struct.py
│ ├── time_time.py
│ └── time_timezone.py
├── timeit
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── timeit_dictionary.py
│ ├── timeit_example.py
│ └── timeit_setitem.py
├── trace
│ ├── coverdir1
│ │ └── trace_example.recurse.cover
│ ├── coverdir2
│ │ └── trace_example.recurse.cover
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── trace_CoverageResults.py
│ ├── trace_example
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── main.cover
│ │ ├── main.py
│ │ ├── recurse.cover
│ │ └── recurse.py
│ ├── trace_report.py
│ ├── trace_run.py
│ └── trace_runfunc.py
├── traceback
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── traceback_example.py
│ ├── traceback_extract_stack.py
│ ├── traceback_extract_tb.py
│ ├── traceback_format_exc.py
│ ├── traceback_format_exception.py
│ ├── traceback_format_stack.py
│ ├── traceback_framesummary.py
│ ├── traceback_print_exc.py
│ ├── traceback_print_exception.py
│ ├── traceback_print_stack.py
│ ├── traceback_print_tb.py
│ ├── traceback_stacksummary.py
│ └── traceback_tracebackexception.py
├── unittest
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── unittest_addcleanup.py
│ ├── unittest_almostequal.py
│ ├── unittest_equality.py
│ ├── unittest_equality_container.py
│ ├── unittest_exception.py
│ ├── unittest_expectedfailure.py
│ ├── unittest_failwithmessage.py
│ ├── unittest_fixtures.py
│ ├── unittest_in.py
│ ├── unittest_outcomes.py
│ ├── unittest_simple.py
│ ├── unittest_skip.py
│ ├── unittest_subtest.py
│ └── unittest_truth.py
├── unix.rst
├── urllib.parse
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── urllib_parse_geturl.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_parse_qs.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_quote.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_unquote.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urldefrag.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlencode.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlencode_doseq.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urljoin.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urljoin_with_path.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlparse.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlparseattrs.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlsplit.py
│ ├── urllib_parse_urlunparse.py
│ └── urllib_parse_urlunparseextra.py
├── urllib.request
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── urllib_request_http_get_args.py
│ ├── urllib_request_nfs_handler.py
│ ├── urllib_request_request_header.py
│ ├── urllib_request_request_post.py
│ ├── urllib_request_upload_files.py
│ ├── urllib_request_urlopen.py
│ ├── urllib_request_urlopen_iterator.py
│ └── urllib_request_urlopen_post.py
├── urllib.robotparser
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── robots.txt
│ ├── urllib_robotparser_longlived.py
│ └── urllib_robotparser_simple.py
├── uuid
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── uuid_getnode.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid1.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid1_othermac.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid1_repeat.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid3_repeat.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid3_uuid5.py
│ ├── uuid_uuid4.py
│ └── uuid_uuid_objects.py
├── venv
│ └── index.rst
├── warnings
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── warnings_filter.py
│ ├── warnings_filterwarnings_lineno.py
│ ├── warnings_filterwarnings_message.py
│ ├── warnings_filterwarnings_module.py
│ ├── warnings_formatwarning.py
│ ├── warnings_once.py
│ ├── warnings_repeated.py
│ ├── warnings_showwarning.py
│ ├── warnings_warn.py
│ ├── warnings_warn_raise.py
│ └── warnings_warn_stacklevel.py
├── weakref
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── weakref_finalize.py
│ ├── weakref_finalize_atexit.py
│ ├── weakref_finalize_reference.py
│ ├── weakref_finalize_reference_method.py
│ ├── weakref_proxy.py
│ ├── weakref_ref.py
│ ├── weakref_ref_callback.py
│ └── weakref_valuedict.py
├── webbrowser
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── webbrowser_get.py
│ ├── webbrowser_open.py
│ ├── webbrowser_open_new.py
│ └── webbrowser_open_new_tab.py
├── xml.etree.ElementTree
│ ├── ElementTree_XML.py
│ ├── ElementTree_XMLID.py
│ ├── ElementTree_create.py
│ ├── ElementTree_create_pretty.py
│ ├── ElementTree_csv_to_xml.py
│ ├── ElementTree_dump_opml.py
│ ├── ElementTree_entity_references.py
│ ├── ElementTree_extend.py
│ ├── ElementTree_extend_node.py
│ ├── ElementTree_extend_node_copy.py
│ ├── ElementTree_find_feeds_by_structure.py
│ ├── ElementTree_find_feeds_by_tag.py
│ ├── ElementTree_node_attributes.py
│ ├── ElementTree_node_text.py
│ ├── ElementTree_parse_opml.py
│ ├── ElementTree_podcast_csv_treebuilder.py
│ ├── ElementTree_pretty.py
│ ├── ElementTree_show_all_events.py
│ ├── ElementTree_show_feed_urls.py
│ ├── ElementTree_write.py
│ ├── ElementTree_write_method.py
│ ├── ElementTree_write_podcast_csv.py
│ ├── create.rst
│ ├── data.xml
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── parse.rst
│ ├── podcasts.csv
│ └── podcasts.opml
├── xmlrpc.client
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── xmlrpc_Binary.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_Binary_pickle.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_MultiCall.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_MultiCall_exception.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_ServerProxy.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_ServerProxy_allow_none.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_ServerProxy_encoding.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_ServerProxy_use_datetime.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_ServerProxy_verbose.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_exception.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_server.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_types.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_types_nested.py
│ └── xmlrpc_types_object.py
├── xmlrpc.server
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── xmlrpc_alternate_name.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_alternate_name_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_arbitrary_name.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_arbitrary_name_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_dotted_name.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_dotted_name_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_function.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_function_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance_dotted_names.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance_dotted_names_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance_with_prefix.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_instance_with_prefix_client.py
│ ├── xmlrpc_introspection.py
│ └── xmlrpc_introspection_client.py
├── zipfile
│ ├── README.txt
│ ├── bad_example.zip
│ ├── example.zip
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── zipfile_append.py
│ ├── zipfile_getinfo.py
│ ├── zipfile_infolist.py
│ ├── zipfile_is_zipfile.py
│ ├── zipfile_namelist.py
│ ├── zipfile_printdir.py
│ ├── zipfile_pyzipfile.py
│ ├── zipfile_read.py
│ ├── zipfile_write.py
│ ├── zipfile_write_arcname.py
│ ├── zipfile_write_compression.py
│ ├── zipfile_writestr.py
│ └── zipfile_writestr_zipinfo.py
├── zipimport
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── example_package
│ │ ├── README.txt
│ │ └── __init__.py
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── zipimport_find_module.py
│ ├── zipimport_get_code.py
│ ├── zipimport_get_data.py
│ ├── zipimport_get_data_nozip.py
│ ├── zipimport_get_data_zip.py
│ ├── zipimport_get_source.py
│ ├── zipimport_is_package.py
│ ├── zipimport_load_module.py
│ └── zipimport_make_example.py
└── zlib
│ ├── MANIFEST.in
│ ├── index.rst
│ ├── lorem.txt
│ ├── zlib_checksum_tests.py
│ ├── zlib_checksums.py
│ ├── zlib_compresslevel.py
│ ├── zlib_incremental.py
│ ├── zlib_lengths.py
│ ├── zlib_memory.py
│ ├── zlib_mixed.py
│ └── zlib_server.py
└── tox.ini
/.flake8:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [flake8]
2 | max-line-length = 65
3 | ignore = E265,E302,E741,F401,E402,F403,F405
4 | show-source = True
5 | exclude = source/_exts/,source/cgitb/,source/pdb/
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/MANIFEST.in:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | recursive-include source *.py *.txt *.pth *.ini
2 | recursive-include source/csv *.csv *.pipes
3 | include source/difflib/output.diff
4 | prune source/_exts
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/bin/strip.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 |
3 | import fileinput
4 | import re
5 |
6 | straight_pat = re.compile(':(class|data|const|command):`(.*?)`')
7 | func_pat = re.compile(':(func|meth):`(.*?)(\(\))?`')
8 |
9 | for line in fileinput.input(inplace=True):
10 | line = line.rstrip('\n')
11 | line = straight_pat.sub(r'``\2``', line)
12 | line = func_pat.sub(r'``\2()``', line)
13 | print(line)
14 |
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/bin/update.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 |
3 | source ~/Envs/pymotw34/bin/activate
4 |
5 | paver update $@
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/homebrew.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/bash
2 | #
3 | # Instructions for installing external dependencies with homebrew.
4 | #
5 |
6 | PKGS="
7 | gettext
8 | graphviz
9 | lynx
10 | readline
11 | "
12 |
13 | for pkg in $PKGS; do
14 | brew install $pkg
15 | done
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/pearson/newphstyle.sty:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
2 | \@obsoletefile{newphstyle.cls}{newphstyle.sty}
3 | \LoadClass{newphstyle} \endinput
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/setup.cfg:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/setup.cfg
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/source/_static/.placeholder:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_static/.placeholder
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/source/_themes/pymotw/localtoc.html:
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1 | {{ toc }}
2 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/page.html:
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1 | {%- extends "layout.html" %}
2 | {% block body %}
3 | {{ body }}
4 | {% endblock %}
5 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/sidebar_book.html:
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1 |
2 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/sidebar_examples.html:
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1 |
8 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/sidebar_lastupdated.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {%- if last_updated -%}
2 |
5 | {% else %}
6 |
9 | {%- endif -%}
10 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/sidebar_toc.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | {% if toc_menu %}
2 |
10 | {% endif %}
11 |
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/book-cover-image-med.jpg:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/book-cover-image-med.jpg
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/book-cover-image-small.jpg:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/book-cover-image-small.jpg
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/cc-30-by-nc-sa.png:
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/dh-green-hosting.gif:
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/favicon.png:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/favicon.png
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/FontAwesome.otf:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/FontAwesome.otf
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.eot:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.eot
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.ttf:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.ttf
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.woff:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/font/fontawesome-webfont.woff
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/FontAwesome.otf:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/FontAwesome.otf
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.eot
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.ttf
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/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff:
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https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/fonts/fontawesome-webfont.woff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/less/core.less:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Base Class Definition
2 | // -------------------------
3 |
4 | .@{fa-css-prefix} {
5 | display: inline-block;
6 | font-family: FontAwesome;
7 | font-style: normal;
8 | font-weight: normal;
9 | line-height: 1;
10 | -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
11 | -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
12 | }
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/less/fixed-width.less:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Fixed Width Icons
2 | // -------------------------
3 | .@{fa-css-prefix}-fw {
4 | width: (18em / 14);
5 | text-align: center;
6 | }
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/scss/_core.scss:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Base Class Definition
2 | // -------------------------
3 |
4 | .#{$fa-css-prefix} {
5 | display: inline-block;
6 | font-family: FontAwesome;
7 | font-style: normal;
8 | font-weight: normal;
9 | line-height: 1;
10 | -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
11 | -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
12 | }
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/font-awesome/scss/_fixed-width.scss:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | // Fixed Width Icons
2 | // -------------------------
3 | .#{$fa-css-prefix}-fw {
4 | width: (18em / 14);
5 | text-align: center;
6 | }
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/logo-large.png:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/logo-large.png
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/static/logo.png:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/_themes/pymotw/static/logo.png
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/_themes/pymotw/theme.conf:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [theme]
2 | inherit = none
3 | stylesheet = pymotw.css
4 | pygments_style = sphinx
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/abc/abc_find_subclasses.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import abc
11 | from abc_base import PluginBase
12 | import abc_subclass
13 | import abc_register
14 |
15 | for sc in PluginBase.__subclasses__():
16 | print(sc.__name__)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/argparse/argparse_choices.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import argparse
11 |
12 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
13 |
14 | parser.add_argument(
15 | '--mode',
16 | choices=('read-only', 'read-write'),
17 | )
18 |
19 | print(parser.parse_args())
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/argparse/argparse_fromfile_prefix_chars.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | -a
2 | -b
3 | 2
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/argparse/argparse_parent_base.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Parent with shared options
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import argparse
11 |
12 | parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=False)
13 |
14 | parser.add_argument('--user', action="store")
15 | parser.add_argument('--password', action="store")
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/argparse/argparse_with_shlex.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [cli]
2 | options = -a -b 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/argparse/tmp_file.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/argparse/tmp_file.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/array/array_sequence.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import array
11 | import pprint
12 |
13 | a = array.array('i', range(3))
14 | print('Initial :', a)
15 |
16 | a.extend(range(3))
17 | print('Extended:', a)
18 |
19 | print('Slice :', a[2:5])
20 |
21 | print('Iterator:')
22 | print(list(enumerate(a)))
23 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/array/array_string.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import array
11 | import binascii
12 |
13 | s = b'This is the array.'
14 | a = array.array('b', s)
15 |
16 | print('As byte string:', s)
17 | print('As array :', a)
18 | print('As hex :', binascii.hexlify(a))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_decorator.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using atexit.register as a decorator.
3 | """
4 | # end_pymotw_header
5 | import atexit
6 |
7 |
8 | @atexit.register
9 | def all_done():
10 | print('all_done()')
11 |
12 |
13 | print('starting main program')
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_exception.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """If an exception is raised in an atexit callback, it is
3 | printed to the console.
4 |
5 | """
6 | # end_pymotw_header
7 | import atexit
8 |
9 |
10 | def exit_with_exception(message):
11 | raise RuntimeError(message)
12 |
13 |
14 | atexit.register(exit_with_exception, 'Registered first')
15 | atexit.register(exit_with_exception, 'Registered second')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_multiple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Register repeatedly with different arguments.
3 | """
4 |
5 | # end_pymotw_header
6 | import atexit
7 |
8 |
9 | def my_cleanup(name):
10 | print('my_cleanup({})'.format(name))
11 |
12 |
13 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'first')
14 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'second')
15 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'third')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_os_exit.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """atexit callbacks are not invoked if we bypass normal exit and
3 | cleanup.
4 |
5 | """
6 |
7 | # end_pymotw_header
8 | import atexit
9 | import os
10 |
11 |
12 | def not_called():
13 | print('This should not be called')
14 |
15 |
16 | print('Registering')
17 | atexit.register(not_called)
18 | print('Registered')
19 |
20 | print('Exiting...')
21 | os._exit(0)
22 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_simple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Simple atexit example.
3 | """
4 |
5 | # end_pymotw_header
6 | import atexit
7 |
8 |
9 | def all_done():
10 | print('all_done()')
11 |
12 |
13 | print('Registering')
14 | atexit.register(all_done)
15 | print('Registered')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_sys_exit.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | # end_pymotw_header
6 | import atexit
7 | import sys
8 |
9 |
10 | def all_done():
11 | print('all_done()')
12 |
13 |
14 | print('Registering')
15 | atexit.register(all_done)
16 | print('Registered')
17 |
18 | print('Exiting...')
19 | sys.exit()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_unregister.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Cancel registered callback
3 | """
4 | # end_pymotw_header
5 | import atexit
6 |
7 |
8 | def my_cleanup(name):
9 | print('my_cleanup({})'.format(name))
10 |
11 |
12 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'first')
13 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'second')
14 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'third')
15 |
16 | atexit.unregister(my_cleanup)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/atexit/atexit_unregister_not_registered.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Cancel registered callback
3 | """
4 | # end_pymotw_header
5 | import atexit
6 |
7 |
8 | def my_cleanup(name):
9 | print('my_cleanup({})'.format(name))
10 |
11 |
12 | if False:
13 | atexit.register(my_cleanup, 'never registered')
14 |
15 | atexit.unregister(my_cleanup)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/base64/base64_b64decode.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import base64
11 |
12 | encoded_data = b'VGhpcyBpcyB0aGUgZGF0YSwgaW4gdGhlIGNsZWFyLg=='
13 | decoded_data = base64.b64decode(encoded_data)
14 | print('Encoded :', encoded_data)
15 | print('Decoded :', decoded_data)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/bz2/bz2_file_read.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import bz2
11 | import io
12 |
13 | with bz2.BZ2File('example.bz2', 'rb') as input:
14 | with io.TextIOWrapper(input, encoding='utf-8') as dec:
15 | print(dec.read())
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/bz2/lorem.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Donec
2 | egestas, enim et consectetuer ullamcorper, lectus ligula rutrum leo,
3 | a elementum elit tortor eu quam. Duis tincidunt nisi ut ante. Nulla
4 | facilisi.
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/calendar/calendar_formatyear.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Print entire year calendar.
3 | """
4 | #end_pymotw_header
5 | import calendar
6 |
7 | cal = calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.SUNDAY)
8 | print(cal.formatyear(2017, 2, 1, 1, 3))
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/calendar/calendar_htmlcalendar.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Sample of TextCalendar output.
3 | """
4 | #end_pymotw_header
5 | import calendar
6 |
7 | c = calendar.HTMLCalendar(calendar.SUNDAY)
8 | print(c.formatmonth(2017, 7))
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/calendar/calendar_locale.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Sample of TextCalendar output.
3 | """
4 | #end_pymotw_header
5 | import calendar
6 |
7 | c = calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(locale='en_US')
8 | c.prmonth(2017, 7)
9 |
10 | print()
11 |
12 | c = calendar.LocaleTextCalendar(locale='fr_FR')
13 | c.prmonth(2017, 7)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/calendar/calendar_monthcalendar.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Show the dates in each week of a month.
3 | """
4 | #end_pymotw_header
5 | import calendar
6 | import pprint
7 |
8 | pprint.pprint(calendar.monthcalendar(2017, 7))
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/calendar/calendar_textcalendar.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Sample of TextCalendar output.
3 | """
4 | #end_pymotw_header
5 | import calendar
6 |
7 | c = calendar.TextCalendar(calendar.SUNDAY)
8 | c.prmonth(2017, 7)
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/cgitb/cgitb_basic_traceback.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Generate a traceback
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | def func2(a, divisor):
11 | return a / divisor
12 |
13 |
14 | def func1(a, b):
15 | c = b - 5
16 | return func2(a, c)
17 |
18 | func1(1, 5)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/cgitb/cgitb_local_vars.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Local variables lead to an answer
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import cgitb
11 | cgitb.enable(format='text')
12 |
13 |
14 | def func2(a, divisor):
15 | return a / divisor
16 |
17 |
18 | def func1(a, b):
19 | c = b - 5
20 | return func2(a, c)
21 |
22 | func1(1, 5)
23 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/cmd/cmd_file.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | greet
2 | greet Alice and Bob
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_counter_elements.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Produce the elements of the counter.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | c = collections.Counter('extremely')
13 | c['z'] = 0
14 | print(c)
15 | print(list(c.elements()))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_counter_get_values.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Updating counts.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | c = collections.Counter('abcdaab')
13 |
14 | for letter in 'abcde':
15 | print('{} : {}'.format(letter, c[letter]))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_counter_init.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Initializing a Counter
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | print(collections.Counter(['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'b']))
13 | print(collections.Counter({'a': 2, 'b': 3, 'c': 1}))
14 | print(collections.Counter(a=2, b=3, c=1))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_counter_update.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Updating counts.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | c = collections.Counter()
13 | print('Initial :', c)
14 |
15 | c.update('abcdaab')
16 | print('Sequence:', c)
17 |
18 | c.update({'a': 1, 'd': 5})
19 | print('Dict :', c)
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_namedtuple_asdict.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | Person = collections.namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
13 |
14 | bob = Person(name='Bob', age=30)
15 | print('Representation:', bob)
16 | print('As Dictionary:', bob._asdict())
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_namedtuple_fields.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | Person = collections.namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
13 |
14 | bob = Person(name='Bob', age=30)
15 | print('Representation:', bob)
16 | print('Fields:', bob._fields)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/collections/collections_namedtuple_immutable.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import collections
11 |
12 | Person = collections.namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
13 |
14 | pat = Person(name='Pat', age=12)
15 | print('\nRepresentation:', pat)
16 |
17 | pat.age = 21
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/compileall_exclude_dirs.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import compileall
11 | import re
12 |
13 | compileall.compile_dir(
14 | 'examples',
15 | rx=re.compile(r'/subdir'),
16 | )
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/compileall_path.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import compileall
11 | import sys
12 |
13 | sys.path[:] = ['examples', 'notthere']
14 | print('sys.path =', sys.path)
15 | compileall.compile_path()
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/compileall_recursion_depth.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import compileall
11 | import re
12 |
13 | compileall.compile_dir(
14 | 'examples',
15 | maxlevels=0,
16 | )
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/examples/README:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This directory contains meta-data files created from a temporary svn
2 | repository to illustrate what happens when a working copy is compiled
3 | without taking care to avoid recursing too deeply.
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/examples/a.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | print('running {}'.format(__file__))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/compileall/examples/subdir/b.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | print('running {}'.format(__file__))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/allow_no_value.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [flags]
2 | turn_feature_on
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_escape.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | """Example use of ConfigParser module.
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from configparser import ConfigParser
9 | import os
10 |
11 | filename = 'escape.ini'
12 | config = ConfigParser()
13 | config.read([filename])
14 |
15 | value = config.get('escape', 'value')
16 |
17 | print(value)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | """Example use of ConfigParser module.
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from configparser import ConfigParser
9 | import os
10 |
11 | filename = 'approach.ini'
12 | config = ConfigParser()
13 | config.read([filename])
14 |
15 | url = config.get('portal', 'url')
16 |
17 | print(url)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_interpolation_defaults.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Reading a configuration file.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from configparser import ConfigParser
11 |
12 | parser = ConfigParser()
13 | parser.read('interpolation_defaults.ini')
14 |
15 | print('URL:', parser.get('bug_tracker', 'url'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_multiline.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2015 Doug Hellmann.
4 | """Example use of ConfigParser module.
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from configparser import ConfigParser
9 | import os
10 |
11 | filename = 'multiline.ini'
12 | config = ConfigParser()
13 | config.read([filename])
14 |
15 | message = config['example']['message']
16 |
17 | print(message)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_nointerpolation.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Disabling interpolation
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from configparser import ConfigParser
11 |
12 | parser = ConfigParser(interpolation=None)
13 | parser.read('interpolation.ini')
14 |
15 | print('Without interpolation:', parser.get('bug_tracker', 'url'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/configparser_read.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Reading a configuration file.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from configparser import ConfigParser
11 |
12 | parser = ConfigParser()
13 | parser.read('simple.ini')
14 |
15 | print(parser.get('bug_tracker', 'url'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/custom_types.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [datetimes]
2 | due_date = 2015-11-08T11:30:05.905898
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/escape.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [escape]
2 | value = a literal %% must be escaped
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/extended_interpolation.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [intranet]
2 | server = localhost
3 | port = 8080
4 |
5 | [bug_tracker]
6 | url = http://${intranet:server}:${intranet:port}/bugs/
7 | username = dhellmann
8 | password = SECRET
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/interpolation.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [bug_tracker]
2 | protocol = http
3 | server = localhost
4 | port = 8080
5 | url = %(protocol)s://%(server)s:%(port)s/bugs/
6 | username = dhellmann
7 | password = SECRET
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/interpolation_defaults.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [DEFAULT]
2 | url = %(protocol)s://%(server)s:%(port)s/bugs/
3 | protocol = http
4 | server = bugs.example.com
5 | port = 80
6 |
7 | [bug_tracker]
8 | server = localhost
9 | port = 8080
10 | username = dhellmann
11 | password = SECRET
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/multiline.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [example]
2 | message = This is a multi-line string.
3 | With two paragraphs.
4 |
5 | They are separated by a completely empty line.
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/multisection.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [bug_tracker]
2 | url = http://localhost:8080/bugs/
3 | username = dhellmann
4 | password = SECRET
5 |
6 | [wiki]
7 | url = http://localhost:8080/wiki/
8 | username = dhellmann
9 | password = SECRET
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/simple.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # This is a simple example with comments.
2 | [bug_tracker]
3 | url = http://localhost:8080/bugs/
4 | username = dhellmann
5 | ; You should not store passwords in plain text
6 | ; configuration files.
7 | password = SECRET
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/types.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [ints]
2 | positive = 1
3 | negative = -5
4 |
5 | [floats]
6 | positive = 0.2
7 | negative = -3.14
8 |
9 | [booleans]
10 | number_true = 1
11 | number_false = 0
12 | yn_true = yes
13 | yn_false = no
14 | tf_true = true
15 | tf_false = false
16 | onoff_true = on
17 | onoff_false = false
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/unicode.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [bug_tracker]
2 | url = http://localhost:8080/bugs/
3 | username = dhellmann
4 | password = ßéç®é†
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/configparser/with-defaults.ini:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [DEFAULT]
2 | file-only = value from DEFAULT section
3 | init-and-file = value from DEFAULT section
4 | from-section = value from DEFAULT section
5 | from-vars = value from DEFAULT section
6 |
7 | [sect]
8 | section-only = value from section in file
9 | from-section = value from section in file
10 | from-vars = value from section in file
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/contextlib/contextlib_file.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Files as context managers.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | with open('/tmp/pymotw.txt', 'wt') as f:
11 | f.write('contents go here')
12 | # file is automatically closed
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/csv_dialect.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import csv
10 |
11 | csv.register_dialect('pipes', delimiter='|')
12 |
13 | with open('testdata.pipes', 'r') as f:
14 | reader = csv.reader(f, dialect='pipes')
15 | for row in reader:
16 | print(row)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/csv_dictreader.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 |
3 | """Dictionary reader.
4 | """
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import csv
7 | import sys
8 |
9 | with open(sys.argv[1], 'rt') as f:
10 | reader = csv.DictReader(f)
11 | for row in reader:
12 | print(row)
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/csv_list_dialects.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """List the registered dialects.
7 | """
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import csv
10 |
11 | print(csv.list_dialects())
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/csv_reader.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Example of reading a comma separated value file.
6 | """
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | import csv
9 | import sys
10 |
11 | with open(sys.argv[1], 'rt') as f:
12 | reader = csv.reader(f)
13 | for row in reader:
14 | print(row)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/testdata.csv:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | "Title 1","Title 2","Title 3","Title 4"
2 | 1,"a",08/18/07,"å"
3 | 2,"b",08/19/07,"∫"
4 | 3,"c",08/20/07,"ç"
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/testdata.pipes:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | "Title 1"|"Title 2"|"Title 3"
2 | 1|"first line
3 | second line"|08/18/07
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/csv/testlinebreak.csv:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | "Title 1","Title 2","Title 3"
2 | 1,"first line
3 | second line",08/18/07
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_date_minmax.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Minimum and maximum values for dates.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | print('Earliest :', datetime.date.min)
13 | print('Latest :', datetime.date.max)
14 | print('Resolution:', datetime.date.resolution)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_date_replace.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Creating dates from existing objects.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | d1 = datetime.date(2008, 3, 29)
13 | print('d1:', d1.ctime())
14 |
15 | d2 = d1.replace(year=2009)
16 | print('d2:', d2.ctime())
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_datetime_combine.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | t = datetime.time(1, 2, 3)
13 | print('t :', t)
14 |
15 | d = datetime.date.today()
16 | print('d :', d)
17 |
18 | dt = datetime.datetime.combine(d, t)
19 | print('dt:', dt)
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_datetime_minmax.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """The range of valid datetime values.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | print('Earliest :', datetime.datetime.min)
13 | print('Latest :', datetime.datetime.max)
14 | print('Resolution:', datetime.datetime.resolution)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_format.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | today = datetime.datetime.today()
13 | print('ISO :', today)
14 | print('format(): {:%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y}'.format(today))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/datetime/datetime_time_minmax.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Valid range of time values.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import datetime
11 |
12 | print('Earliest :', datetime.time.min)
13 | print('Latest :', datetime.time.max)
14 | print('Resolution:', datetime.time.resolution)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dbm/dbm_existing.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import dbm
11 |
12 | with dbm.open('/tmp/example.db', 'r') as db:
13 | print('keys():', db.keys())
14 | for k in db.keys():
15 | print('iterating:', k, db[k])
16 | print('db["author"] =', db['author'])
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dbm/dbm_intkeys.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import dbm
11 |
12 | with dbm.open('/tmp/example.db', 'w') as db:
13 | try:
14 | db[1] = 'one'
15 | except TypeError as err:
16 | print(err)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dbm/dbm_intvalue.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import dbm
11 |
12 | with dbm.open('/tmp/example.db', 'w') as db:
13 | try:
14 | db['one'] = 1
15 | except TypeError as err:
16 | print(err)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dbm/dbm_new.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import dbm
11 |
12 | with dbm.open('/tmp/example.db', 'n') as db:
13 | db['key'] = 'value'
14 | db['today'] = 'Sunday'
15 | db['author'] = 'Doug'
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dbm/dbm_whichdb.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import dbm
11 |
12 | print(dbm.whichdb('/tmp/example.db'))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/decimal/decimal_log.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import decimal
11 |
12 | d = decimal.Decimal(100)
13 | print('d :', d)
14 | print('log10 :', d.log10())
15 | print('ln :', d.ln())
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/decimal/decimal_precision.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import decimal
11 |
12 | d = decimal.Decimal('0.123456')
13 |
14 | for i in range(1, 5):
15 | decimal.getcontext().prec = i
16 | print(i, ':', d, d * 1)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/decimal/decimal_tuple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import decimal
11 |
12 | # Tuple
13 | t = (1, (1, 1), -2)
14 | print('Input :', t)
15 | print('Decimal:', decimal.Decimal(t))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/difflib/difflib_context.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Context diff example
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import difflib
10 | from difflib_data import *
11 |
12 | diff = difflib.context_diff(
13 | text1_lines,
14 | text2_lines,
15 | lineterm='',
16 | )
17 | print('\n'.join(diff))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/difflib/difflib_differ.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Differ example
6 | """
7 |
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import difflib
11 | from difflib_data import *
12 |
13 | d = difflib.Differ()
14 | diff = d.compare(text1_lines, text2_lines)
15 | print('\n'.join(diff))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/difflib/difflib_html.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """HtmlDiff example
6 | """
7 |
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import difflib
11 | from difflib_data import *
12 |
13 | d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
14 | print(d.make_table(text1_lines, text2_lines))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/difflib/difflib_ndiff.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """ndiff example
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import difflib
10 | from difflib_data import *
11 |
12 | diff = difflib.ndiff(text1_lines, text2_lines)
13 | print('\n'.join(diff))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/difflib/difflib_unified.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Unified diff example
6 | """
7 |
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import difflib
11 | from difflib_data import *
12 |
13 | diff = difflib.unified_diff(
14 | text1_lines,
15 | text2_lines,
16 | lineterm='',
17 | )
18 | print('\n'.join(diff))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_class.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | import dis
5 |
6 |
7 | class MyObject:
8 | """Example for dis."""
9 |
10 | CLASS_ATTRIBUTE = 'some value'
11 |
12 | def __str__(self):
13 | return 'MyObject({})'.format(self.name)
14 |
15 | def __init__(self, name):
16 | self.name = name
17 |
18 |
19 | dis.dis(MyObject)
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_constant_folding.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | # Folded
5 | i = 1 + 2
6 | f = 3.4 * 5.6
7 | s = 'Hello,' + ' World!'
8 |
9 | # Not folded
10 | I = i * 3 * 4
11 | F = f / 2 / 3
12 | S = s + '\n' + 'Fantastic!'
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_fastest_loop.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | import collections
5 |
6 |
7 | class Dictionary:
8 |
9 | def __init__(self, words):
10 | self.by_letter = collections.defaultdict(list)
11 | self.load_data(words)
12 |
13 | def load_data(self, words):
14 | by_letter = self.by_letter
15 | for word in words:
16 | by_letter[word[0]].append(word)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_function.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 |
5 | def f(*args):
6 | nargs = len(args)
7 | print(nargs, args)
8 |
9 |
10 | if __name__ == '__main__':
11 | import dis
12 | dis.dis(f)
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_show_code.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 |
5 | def f(*args):
6 | nargs = len(args)
7 | print(nargs, args)
8 |
9 |
10 | if __name__ == '__main__':
11 | import dis
12 | dis.show_code(f)
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_simple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | my_dict = {'a': 1}
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_slow_loop.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 |
5 | class Dictionary:
6 |
7 | def __init__(self, words):
8 | self.by_letter = {}
9 | self.load_data(words)
10 |
11 | def load_data(self, words):
12 | for word in words:
13 | try:
14 | self.by_letter[word[0]].append(word)
15 | except KeyError:
16 | self.by_letter[word[0]] = [word]
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_string.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import dis
10 |
11 | code = """
12 | my_dict = {'a': 1}
13 | """
14 |
15 | print('Disassembly:\n')
16 | dis.dis(code)
17 |
18 | print('\nCode details:\n')
19 | dis.show_code(code)
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/dis/dis_traceback.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | i = 1
5 | j = 0
6 | k = 3
7 |
8 | try:
9 | result = k * (i / j) + (i / k)
10 | except Exception:
11 | import dis
12 | import sys
13 | exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
14 | dis.distb(exc_tb)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_hashed_values.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Demonstrate how insertion order affects dictonaries and sets.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | keys = ['a', 'aa', 'aaa']
11 |
12 | print('dict:', {k: len(k) for k in keys})
13 | print('set :', set(keys))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_in_help.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Tests for this module are in the external help text.
7 | """
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | def my_function(a, b):
10 | """Returns a*b
11 | """
12 | return a * b
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_private_tests_external.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | """External tests associated with doctest_private_tests.py.
8 |
9 | >>> my_function(['A', 'B', 'C'], 2)
10 | ['A', 'B', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C']
11 | """
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_simple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Simple example using doctest
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | def my_function(a, b):
11 | """
12 | >>> my_function(2, 3)
13 | 6
14 | >>> my_function('a', 3)
15 | 'aaa'
16 | """
17 | return a * b
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_testfile.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Run the tests from an external file.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import doctest
11 |
12 | if __name__ == '__main__':
13 | doctest.testfile('doctest_in_help.txt')
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/doctest/doctest_testmod_other_module.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Run tests for another module we import.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import doctest_simple
11 |
12 | if __name__ == '__main__':
13 | import doctest
14 | doctest.testmod(doctest_simple)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/enum/enum_intenum.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import enum
8 |
9 |
10 | class BugStatus(enum.IntEnum):
11 |
12 | new = 7
13 | incomplete = 6
14 | invalid = 5
15 | wont_fix = 4
16 | in_progress = 3
17 | fix_committed = 2
18 | fix_released = 1
19 |
20 |
21 | print('Ordered by value:')
22 | print('\n'.join(' ' + s.name for s in sorted(BugStatus)))
23 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/enum/enum_iterate.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import enum
8 |
9 |
10 | class BugStatus(enum.Enum):
11 |
12 | new = 7
13 | incomplete = 6
14 | invalid = 5
15 | wont_fix = 4
16 | in_progress = 3
17 | fix_committed = 2
18 | fix_released = 1
19 |
20 |
21 | for status in BugStatus:
22 | print('{:15} = {}'.format(status.name, status.value))
23 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/filecmp/filecmp_dircmp_diff.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import filecmp
11 |
12 | dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
13 | print('Same :', dc.same_files)
14 | print('Different :', dc.diff_files)
15 | print('Funny :', dc.funny_files)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/filecmp/filecmp_dircmp_list.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import filecmp
11 | import pprint
12 |
13 | dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
14 | print('Left:')
15 | pprint.pprint(dc.left_list)
16 |
17 | print('\nRight:')
18 | pprint.pprint(dc.right_list)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/filecmp/filecmp_dircmp_report.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import filecmp
11 |
12 | dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
13 | dc.report()
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/filecmp/filecmp_dircmp_report_full_closure.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import filecmp
11 |
12 | dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
13 | dc.report_full_closure()
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/filecmp/filecmp_dircmp_subdirs.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import filecmp
11 |
12 | dc = filecmp.dircmp('example/dir1', 'example/dir2')
13 | print('Subdirectories:')
14 | print(dc.subdirs)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fileinput/etc_hosts:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ##
2 | # Host Database
3 | #
4 | # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
5 | # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
6 | ##
7 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
8 | 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
9 | ::1 localhost
10 | fe80::1%lo0 localhost
11 | 10.16.177.128 hubert hubert.hellfly.net
12 | 10.16.177.132 cubert cubert.hellfly.net
13 | 10.16.177.136 zoidberg zoidberg.hellfly.net
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fileinput/etc_hosts.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ##
2 | # Host Database
3 | #
4 | # localhost is used to configure the loopback interface
5 | # when the system is booting. Do not change this entry.
6 | ##
7 | 127.0.0.1 localhost
8 | 255.255.255.255 broadcasthost
9 | ::1 localhost
10 | fe80::1%lo0 localhost
11 | 10.17.177.128 hubert hubert.hellfly.net
12 | 10.17.177.132 cubert cubert.hellfly.net
13 | 10.17.177.136 zoidberg zoidberg.hellfly.net
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fileinput/sample_data.m3u:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # This is a sample m3u file
2 | episode-one.mp3
3 | episode-two.mp3
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fnmatch/fnmatch_translate.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Translate a glob-style pattern to a regular expression.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import fnmatch
11 |
12 | pattern = 'fnmatch_*.py'
13 | print('Pattern :', pattern)
14 | print('Regex :', fnmatch.translate(pattern))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fractions/fractions_create_integers.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import fractions
11 |
12 | for n, d in [(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)]:
13 | f = fractions.Fraction(n, d)
14 | print('{}/{} = {}'.format(n, d, f))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fractions/fractions_create_strings.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import fractions
11 |
12 | for s in ['1/2', '2/4', '3/6']:
13 | f = fractions.Fraction(s)
14 | print('{} = {}'.format(s, f))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fractions/fractions_create_strings_floats.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import fractions
11 |
12 | for s in ['0.5', '1.5', '2.0', '5e-1']:
13 | f = fractions.Fraction(s)
14 | print('{0:>4} = {1}'.format(s, f))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/fractions/fractions_from_float.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import fractions
11 |
12 | for v in [0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 2.0]:
13 | print('{} = {}'.format(v, fractions.Fraction(v)))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/functools/functools_reduce.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import functools
8 |
9 |
10 | def do_reduce(a, b):
11 | print('do_reduce({}, {})'.format(a, b))
12 | return a + b
13 |
14 |
15 | data = range(1, 5)
16 | print(data)
17 | result = functools.reduce(do_reduce, data)
18 | print('result: {}'.format(result))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/functools/functools_reduce_initializer.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import functools
8 |
9 |
10 | def do_reduce(a, b):
11 | print('do_reduce({}, {})'.format(a, b))
12 | return a + b
13 |
14 |
15 | data = range(1, 5)
16 | print(data)
17 | result = functools.reduce(do_reduce, data, 99)
18 | print('result: {}'.format(result))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gc/gc_debug_stats.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Tuning the garbage collector threshold.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gc
11 |
12 | gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_STATS)
13 |
14 | gc.collect()
15 | print('Exiting')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gc/gc_get_objects.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Examine the objects being managed.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gc
11 |
12 | print(len(gc.get_objects()))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gc/gc_get_threshold.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Show the default thresholds.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gc
11 |
12 | print(gc.get_threshold())
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/getopt/getopt_long.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getopt with longer option names.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import getopt
7 |
8 | opts, args = getopt.getopt(
9 | ['--noarg',
10 | '--witharg', 'val',
11 | '--witharg2=another'],
12 | '',
13 | ['noarg', 'witharg=', 'witharg2='],
14 | )
15 | for opt in opts:
16 | print(opt)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/getopt/getopt_short.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using optparse with single-letter options.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import getopt
7 |
8 | opts, args = getopt.getopt(['-a', '-bval', '-c', 'val'], 'ab:c:')
9 |
10 | for opt in opts:
11 | print(opt)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/getpass/getpass_defaults.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
5 | #
6 | """Default use of getpass.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import getpass
11 |
12 | try:
13 | p = getpass.getpass()
14 | except Exception as err:
15 | print('ERROR:', err)
16 | else:
17 | print('You entered:', p)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/getpass/getpass_prompt.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
5 | #
6 | """Passing a prompt to getpass.
7 |
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import getpass
12 |
13 | p = getpass.getpass(prompt='What is your favorite color? ')
14 | if p.lower() == 'blue':
15 | print('Right. Off you go.')
16 | else:
17 | print('Auuuuugh!')
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/getpass/getpass_stream.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
5 | #
6 | """Using sys.stderr for the prompt lets us redirect stdout.
7 |
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import getpass
12 | import sys
13 |
14 | p = getpass.getpass(stream=sys.stderr)
15 | print('You entered:', p)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/gettext_app_builtin.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 | # flake8: noqa
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import gettext
12 |
13 | gettext.install(
14 | 'example',
15 | 'locale',
16 | names=['ngettext'],
17 | )
18 |
19 | print(_('This message is in the script.'))
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/gettext_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gettext
11 |
12 | # Set up message catalog access
13 | t = gettext.translation(
14 | 'example_domain', 'locale',
15 | fallback=True,
16 | )
17 | _ = t.gettext
18 |
19 | print(_('This message is in the script.'))
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/gettext_example_corrected.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gettext
11 |
12 | # Set up message catalog access
13 | t = gettext.translation(
14 | 'example', 'locale',
15 | fallback=True,
16 | )
17 | _ = t.gettext
18 |
19 | print(_('This message is in the script.'))
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/gettext_find.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gettext
11 |
12 | catalogs = gettext.find('example', 'locale', all=True)
13 | print('Catalogs:', catalogs)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/gettext_module_global.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gettext
11 |
12 | t = gettext.translation(
13 | 'example',
14 | 'locale',
15 | fallback=False,
16 | )
17 | _ = t.gettext
18 | ngettext = t.ngettext
19 |
20 | print(_('This message is in the script.'))
21 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/locale/en_CA/LC_MESSAGES/example.mo:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/gettext/locale/en_CA/LC_MESSAGES/example.mo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/example.mo:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/gettext/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/example.mo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gettext/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/plural.mo:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/gettext/locale/en_US/LC_MESSAGES/plural.mo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/gzip/gzip_read.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import gzip
11 | import io
12 |
13 | with gzip.open('example.txt.gz', 'rb') as input_file:
14 | with io.TextIOWrapper(input_file, encoding='utf-8') as dec:
15 | print(dec.read())
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/hashlib/hashlib_algorithms.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import hashlib
8 |
9 |
10 | print('Guaranteed:\n{}\n'.format(
11 | ', '.join(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_guaranteed))))
12 | print('Available:\n{}'.format(
13 | ', '.join(sorted(hashlib.algorithms_available))))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/hashlib/hashlib_md5.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Simple MD5 generation.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import hashlib
11 |
12 | from hashlib_data import lorem
13 |
14 | h = hashlib.md5()
15 | h.update(lorem.encode('utf-8'))
16 | print(h.hexdigest())
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/hashlib/hashlib_sha1.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Simple SHA1 generation.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import hashlib
11 |
12 | from hashlib_data import lorem
13 |
14 | h = hashlib.sha1()
15 | h.update(lorem.encode('utf-8'))
16 | print(h.hexdigest())
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/heapq/heapq_heapdata.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | # This data was generated with the random module.
11 |
12 | data = [19, 9, 4, 10, 11]
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/heapq/heapq_heapify.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import heapq
11 | from heapq_showtree import show_tree
12 | from heapq_heapdata import data
13 |
14 | print('random :', data)
15 | heapq.heapify(data)
16 | print('heapified :')
17 | show_tree(data)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/hmac/hmac_base64.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Generate a base64 encoded HMAC signature.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import base64
7 | import hmac
8 | import hashlib
9 |
10 | with open('lorem.txt', 'rb') as f:
11 | body = f.read()
12 |
13 | hash = hmac.new(
14 | b'secret-shared-key-goes-here',
15 | body,
16 | hashlib.sha1,
17 | )
18 |
19 | digest = hash.digest()
20 | print(base64.encodebytes(digest))
21 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/http.cookies/http_cookies_setheaders.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | from http import cookies
12 |
13 |
14 | c = cookies.SimpleCookie()
15 | c['mycookie'] = 'cookie_value'
16 | print(c)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/images/replacement-character.png:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/images/replacement-character.png
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/imaplib/imaplib_list.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import imaplib
11 | from pprint import pprint
12 | from imaplib_connect import open_connection
13 |
14 | with open_connection() as c:
15 | typ, data = c.list()
16 | print('Response code:', typ)
17 | print('Response:')
18 | pprint(data)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/imaplib/imaplib_select_invalid.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import imaplib
11 | import imaplib_connect
12 |
13 | with imaplib_connect.open_connection() as c:
14 | typ, data = c.select('Does-Not-Exist')
15 | print(typ, data)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/example/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | print('Importing example package')
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/example/submodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | print('Importing submodule')
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/importlib_find_loader.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import importlib
8 |
9 | spec = importlib.util.find_spec('example')
10 | print('Loader:', spec.loader)
11 |
12 | m = spec.loader.load_module()
13 | print('Module:', m)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/importlib_import_module_error.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Importing a module from a package
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import importlib
12 |
13 |
14 | try:
15 | importlib.import_module('example.nosuchmodule')
16 | except ImportError as err:
17 | print('Error:', err)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/importlib_reload.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Importing a module from a package
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import importlib
12 |
13 |
14 | m1 = importlib.import_module('example.submodule')
15 | print(m1)
16 |
17 | m2 = importlib.reload(m1)
18 | print(m1 is m2)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/importlib/importlib_submodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import importlib
8 |
9 | spec = importlib.util.find_spec('.submodule', package='example')
10 | print('Loader:', spec.loader)
11 |
12 | m = spec.loader.load_module()
13 | print('Module:', m)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_formatargspec.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Print information about the arguments to a method.
3 | """
4 |
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import inspect
8 | import example
9 |
10 | spec = inspect.getargspec(example.module_level_function)
11 | print(spec)
12 | print(inspect.formatargspec(spec))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getclasstree_unique.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 | from inspect_getclasstree import *
9 |
10 | print_class_tree(inspect.getclasstree(
11 | [example.A, example.B, C, D],
12 | unique=True,
13 | ))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getcomments_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Show the comment before a method.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 |
9 | print(inspect.getcomments(example.B.do_something))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getcomments_module.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Show the comment before a method.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 |
9 | print(inspect.getcomments(example))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getdoc.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Docstrings
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 |
9 | print('B.__doc__:')
10 | print(example.B.__doc__)
11 | print()
12 | print('getdoc(B):')
13 | print(inspect.getdoc(example.B))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_class.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | from pprint import pprint
8 |
9 | import example
10 |
11 | pprint(inspect.getmembers(example.A), width=65)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_class_methods.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | from pprint import pprint
8 |
9 | import example
10 |
11 | pprint(inspect.getmembers(example.A, inspect.isfunction))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_class_methods_b.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | from pprint import pprint
8 |
9 | import example
10 |
11 | pprint(inspect.getmembers(example.B, inspect.isfunction))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_instance.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | from pprint import pprint
8 |
9 | import example
10 |
11 | a = example.A(name='inspect_getmembers')
12 | pprint(inspect.getmembers(a, inspect.ismethod))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_module.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 |
8 | import example
9 |
10 | for name, data in inspect.getmembers(example):
11 | if name.startswith('__'):
12 | continue
13 | print('{} : {!r}'.format(name, data))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getmembers_module_class.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using getmembers()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 |
8 | import example
9 |
10 | for name, data in inspect.getmembers(example, inspect.isclass):
11 | print('{} : {!r}'.format(name, data))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getsource_class.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 |
9 | print(inspect.getsource(example.A))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getsource_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import example
8 |
9 | print(inspect.getsource(example.A.get_name))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/inspect/inspect_getsourcelines_method.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import inspect
7 | import pprint
8 | import example
9 |
10 | pprint.pprint(inspect.getsourcelines(example.A.get_name))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_accumulate.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """combine values
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | from itertools import *
8 |
9 | print(list(accumulate(range(5))))
10 | print(list(accumulate('abcde')))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_accumulate_custom.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """combine values
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | from itertools import *
8 |
9 |
10 | def f(a, b):
11 | print(a, b)
12 | return b + a + b
13 |
14 |
15 | print(list(accumulate('abcde', f)))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_chain.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using chain()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i in chain([1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b', 'c']):
9 | print(i, end=' ')
10 | print()
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_chain_from_iterable.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using chain()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 |
9 | def make_iterables_to_chain():
10 | yield [1, 2, 3]
11 | yield ['a', 'b', 'c']
12 |
13 |
14 | for i in chain.from_iterable(make_iterables_to_chain()):
15 | print(i, end=' ')
16 | print()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_compress.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using filter()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | every_third = cycle([False, False, True])
9 | data = range(1, 10)
10 |
11 | for i in compress(data, every_third):
12 | print(i, end=' ')
13 | print()
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_count.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using count()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i in zip(count(1), ['a', 'b', 'c']):
9 | print(i)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_count_step.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using count()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import fractions
7 | from itertools import *
8 |
9 | start = fractions.Fraction(1, 3)
10 | step = fractions.Fraction(1, 3)
11 |
12 | for i in zip(count(start, step), ['a', 'b', 'c']):
13 | print('{}: {}'.format(*i))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_cycle.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using cycle().
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i in zip(range(7), cycle(['a', 'b', 'c'])):
9 | print(i)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_dropwhile.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using dropwhile()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 |
9 | def should_drop(x):
10 | print('Testing:', x)
11 | return x < 1
12 |
13 |
14 | for i in dropwhile(should_drop, [-1, 0, 1, 2, -2]):
15 | print('Yielding:', i)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_filter.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using filter()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 |
9 | def check_item(x):
10 | print('Testing:', x)
11 | return x < 1
12 |
13 |
14 | for i in filter(check_item, [-1, 0, 1, 2, -2]):
15 | print('Yielding:', i)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_filterfalse.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using filterfalse()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 |
9 | def check_item(x):
10 | print('Testing:', x)
11 | return x < 1
12 |
13 |
14 | for i in filterfalse(check_item, [-1, 0, 1, 2, -2]):
15 | print('Yielding:', i)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_groupby.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using groupby()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 | from operator import itemgetter
8 |
9 | d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=1, d=2, e=1, f=2, g=3)
10 | di = sorted(d.iteritems(), key=itemgetter(1))
11 | for k, g in groupby(di, key=itemgetter(1)):
12 | print(k, map(itemgetter(0), g))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_repeat.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using repeat()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i in repeat('over-and-over', 5):
9 | print(i)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_repeat_map.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using repeat() and map()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i in map(lambda x, y: (x, y, x * y), repeat(2), range(5)):
9 | print('{:d} * {:d} = {:d}'.format(*i))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_repeat_zip.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using repeat() with zip().
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | for i, s in zip(count(), repeat('over-and-over', 5)):
9 | print(i, s)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_starmap.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using starmap()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | values = [(0, 5), (1, 6), (2, 7), (3, 8), (4, 9)]
9 |
10 | for i in starmap(lambda x, y: (x, y, x * y), values):
11 | print('{} * {} = {}'.format(*i))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_takewhile.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using takewhile()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 |
9 | def should_take(x):
10 | print('Testing:', x)
11 | return x < 2
12 |
13 |
14 | for i in takewhile(should_take, [-1, 0, 1, 2, -2]):
15 | print('Yielding:', i)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_tee.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using tee()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | r = islice(count(), 5)
9 | i1, i2 = tee(r)
10 |
11 | print('i1:', list(i1))
12 | print('i2:', list(i2))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_tee_error.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using tee()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | r = islice(count(), 5)
9 | i1, i2 = tee(r)
10 |
11 | print('r:', end=' ')
12 | for i in r:
13 | print(i, end=' ')
14 | if i > 1:
15 | break
16 | print()
17 |
18 | print('i1:', list(i1))
19 | print('i2:', list(i2))
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_zip.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using zip()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | for i in zip([1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b', 'c']):
7 | print(i)
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/itertools/itertools_zip_longest.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using zip()
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from itertools import *
7 |
8 | r1 = range(3)
9 | r2 = range(2)
10 |
11 | print('zip stops early:')
12 | print(list(zip(r1, r2)))
13 |
14 | r1 = range(3)
15 | r2 = range(2)
16 |
17 | print('\nzip_longest processes all of the values:')
18 | print(list(zip_longest(r1, r2)))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/example.json:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | [{"a": "A", "c": 3.0, "b": [2, 4]}]
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_dump_file.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import io
11 | import json
12 |
13 | data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
14 |
15 | f = io.StringIO()
16 | json.dump(data, f)
17 |
18 | print(f.getvalue())
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_encoder_iterable.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import json
11 |
12 | encoder = json.JSONEncoder()
13 | data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
14 |
15 | for part in encoder.iterencode(data):
16 | print('PART:', part)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_indent.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import json
11 |
12 | data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
13 | print('DATA:', repr(data))
14 |
15 | print('NORMAL:', json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True))
16 | print('INDENT:', json.dumps(data, sort_keys=True, indent=2))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_load_file.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import io
11 | import json
12 |
13 | f = io.StringIO('[{"a": "A", "c": 3.0, "b": [2, 4]}]')
14 | print(json.load(f))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_myobj.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 |
11 | class MyObj:
12 |
13 | def __init__(self, s):
14 | self.s = s
15 |
16 | def __repr__(self):
17 | return ''.format(self.s)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/json/json_simple_types.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import json
11 |
12 | data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': (2, 4), 'c': 3.0}]
13 | print('DATA:', repr(data))
14 |
15 | data_string = json.dumps(data)
16 | print('JSON:', data_string)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/linecache/linecache_empty_line.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Example use of linecache module.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import linecache
7 | from linecache_data import *
8 |
9 | filename = make_tempfile()
10 |
11 | # Blank lines include the newline
12 | print('BLANK : {!r}'.format(linecache.getline(filename, 8)))
13 |
14 | cleanup(filename)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/linecache/linecache_missing_file.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import linecache
12 |
13 | # Errors are even hidden if linecache cannot find the file
14 | no_such_file = linecache.getline(
15 | 'this_file_does_not_exist.txt', 1,
16 | )
17 | print('NO FILE: {!r}'.format(no_such_file))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/logging/logger_tree.dot:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | digraph {
2 | rankdir = BT;
3 |
4 | node [shape = doublecircle];
5 | "";
6 |
7 | node [shape = rect];
8 | "myapp" -> "";
9 | "package1" -> "";
10 | "package1.module1" -> "package1";
11 | "package2" -> "";
12 | "package2.module2" -> "package2";
13 | }
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/logging/logger_tree_handler.dot:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | digraph {
2 | rankdir = BT;
3 |
4 | node [shape = doublecircle];
5 | "";
6 |
7 | node [shape = rect];
8 | "package1" -> "";
9 | "package1.module2" -> "package1";
10 | "package2" -> "";
11 | "package2.module2" -> "package2";
12 | "myapp" -> "";
13 |
14 | node [shape = note];
15 | "" -> "/var/log/app.log";
16 |
17 | {rank = same; ""; "/var/log/app.log"}
18 | }
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/logging/logger_tree_multihandler.dot:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | digraph {
2 | rankdir = BT;
3 |
4 | node [shape = doublecircle];
5 | "";
6 |
7 | node [shape = rect];
8 | "package1" -> "" [label="level=INFO"];
9 | "package1.module2" -> "package1";
10 | "package2" -> "" [label="level=WARNING"];
11 | "package2.module2" -> "package2";
12 | "myapp" -> "" [label="level=DEBUG"];
13 | }
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/logging/logging_capture_warnings.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Simple logging to stderr using different levels.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import logging
7 | import warnings
8 |
9 | logging.basicConfig(
10 | level=logging.INFO,
11 | )
12 |
13 | warnings.warn('This warning is not sent to the logs')
14 |
15 | logging.captureWarnings(True)
16 |
17 | warnings.warn('This warning is sent to the logs')
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/mailbox/mailbox_maildir_read.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import mailbox
11 |
12 | mbox = mailbox.Maildir('Example')
13 | for message in mbox:
14 | print(message['subject'])
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/mailbox/mailbox_mbox_read.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import mailbox
11 |
12 | mbox = mailbox.mbox('example.mbox')
13 | for message in mbox:
14 | print(message['subject'])
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_constants.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Constants in the math module.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print(' π: {:.30f}'.format(math.pi))
13 | print(' e: {:.30f}'.format(math.e))
14 | print('nan: {:.30f}'.format(math.nan))
15 | print('inf: {:.30f}'.format(math.inf))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_erf.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Gauss Error Function
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print('{:^5} {:7}'.format('x', 'erf(x)'))
13 | print('{:-^5} {:-^7}'.format('', ''))
14 |
15 | for x in [-3, -2, -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3]:
16 | print('{:5.2f} {:7.4f}'.format(x, math.erf(x)))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_erfc.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Gauss Error Function
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print('{:^5} {:7}'.format('x', 'erfc(x)'))
13 | print('{:-^5} {:-^7}'.format('', ''))
14 |
15 | for x in [-3, -2, -1, -0.5, -0.25, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3]:
16 | print('{:5.2f} {:7.4f}'.format(x, math.erfc(x)))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_exp.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Raise e to a power.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | x = 2
13 |
14 | fmt = '{:.20f}'
15 | print(fmt.format(math.e ** 2))
16 | print(fmt.format(math.pow(math.e, 2)))
17 | print(fmt.format(math.exp(2)))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_expm1.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Logarithms close to zero.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | x = 0.0000000000000000000000001
13 |
14 | print(x)
15 | print(math.exp(x) - 1)
16 | print(math.expm1(x))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_fabs.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Absolute value
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print(math.fabs(-1.1))
13 | print(math.fabs(-0.0))
14 | print(math.fabs(0.0))
15 | print(math.fabs(1.1))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_gamma.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Factorial
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | for i in [0, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6]:
13 | try:
14 | print('{:2.1f} {:6.2f}'.format(i, math.gamma(i)))
15 | except ValueError as err:
16 | print('Error computing gamma({}): {}'.format(i, err))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_gcd.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Greatest common denominator
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print(math.gcd(10, 8))
13 | print(math.gcd(10, 0))
14 | print(math.gcd(50, 225))
15 | print(math.gcd(11, 9))
16 | print(math.gcd(0, 0))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_isfinite.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Checking for overflow or infinite values.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | for f in [0.0, 1.0, math.pi, math.e, math.inf, math.nan]:
13 | print('{:5.2f} {!s}'.format(f, math.isfinite(f)))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_log.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Logarithms
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print(math.log(8))
13 | print(math.log(8, 2))
14 | print(math.log(0.5, 2))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_log1p.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Logarithms close to zero.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | x = 0.0000000000000000000000001
13 | print('x :', x)
14 | print('1 + x :', 1 + x)
15 | print('log(1+x):', math.log(1 + x))
16 | print('log1p(x):', math.log1p(x))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_modf.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Split fractional from whole number part.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | for i in range(6):
13 | print('{}/2 = {}'.format(i, math.modf(i / 2.0)))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_overflow.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """OverflowError
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | x = 10.0 ** 200
11 |
12 | print('x =', x)
13 | print('x*x =', x * x)
14 | print('x**2 =', end=' ')
15 | try:
16 | print(x ** 2)
17 | except OverflowError as err:
18 | print(err)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/math/math_sqrt.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Square roots
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import math
11 |
12 | print(math.sqrt(9.0))
13 | print(math.sqrt(3))
14 | try:
15 | print(math.sqrt(-1))
16 | except ValueError as err:
17 | print('Cannot compute sqrt(-1):', err)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/multiprocessing/multiprocessing_import_worker.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Creating and waiting for a process
7 | """
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | def worker():
10 | """worker function"""
11 | print('Worker')
12 | return
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/operator/operator_comparisons.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from operator import *
11 |
12 | a = 1
13 | b = 5.0
14 |
15 | print('a =', a)
16 | print('b =', b)
17 | for func in (lt, le, eq, ne, ge, gt):
18 | print('{}(a, b): {}'.format(func.__name__, func(a, b)))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os.path/ospath_expanduser.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Expand tilde in filenames.
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import os.path
12 |
13 | for user in ['', 'dhellmann', 'nosuchuser']:
14 | lookup = '~' + user
15 | print('{!r:>15} : {!r}'.format(
16 | lookup, os.path.expanduser(lookup)))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os.path/ospath_expandvars.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Expand shell variables in filenames.
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import os.path
12 | import os
13 |
14 | os.environ['MYVAR'] = 'VALUE'
15 |
16 | print(os.path.expandvars('/path/to/$MYVAR'))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_access.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Check access rights on a file
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | print('Testing:', __file__)
9 | print('Exists:', os.access(__file__, os.F_OK))
10 | print('Readable:', os.access(__file__, os.R_OK))
11 | print('Writable:', os.access(__file__, os.W_OK))
12 | print('Executable:', os.access(__file__, os.X_OK))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_cwd_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using the os module to read and write environment variables.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | print('Starting:', os.getcwd())
9 |
10 | print('Moving up one:', os.pardir)
11 | os.chdir(os.pardir)
12 |
13 | print('After move:', os.getcwd())
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_exec_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using os.exec*().
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | child_pid = os.fork()
9 | if child_pid:
10 | os.waitpid(child_pid, 0)
11 | else:
12 | os.execlp('pwd', 'pwd', '-P')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_fork_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Simple example of using os.fork to create a new child process.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | pid = os.fork()
9 |
10 | if pid:
11 | print('Child process id:', pid)
12 | else:
13 | print('I am the child')
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_listdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """A simple directory listing.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 | import sys
8 |
9 | print(sorted(os.listdir(sys.argv[1])))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_process_id_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Find information about the current process.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | print('This process id:', os.getpid())
9 | print('Parent process :', os.getppid())
10 | print('Process group :', os.getpgid(os.getpid()))
11 | print('Parent group :', os.getpgid(os.getppid()))
12 | print('Session id :', os.getsid(0))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_spawn_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using spawn*() instead of fork() and exec*().
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | os.spawnlp(os.P_WAIT, 'pwd', 'pwd', '-P')
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_strerror.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Show some of the system error messages
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import errno
7 | import os
8 |
9 | for num in [errno.ENOENT, errno.EINTR, errno.EBUSY]:
10 | name = errno.errorcode[num]
11 | print('[{num:>2}] {name:<6}: {msg}'.format(
12 | name=name, num=num, msg=os.strerror(num)))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_system_background.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Running a command in the background
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 | import time
8 |
9 | print('Calling...')
10 | os.system('date; (sleep 3; date) &')
11 |
12 | print('Sleeping...')
13 | time.sleep(5)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_system_example.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using os.system() to run external commands.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | # Simple command
9 | os.system('pwd')
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/os/os_system_shell.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Using os.system() to run external commands.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import os
7 |
8 | # Command with shell expansion
9 | os.system('echo $TMPDIR')
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_convenience.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Convenience methods for Path
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | home = pathlib.Path.home()
14 | print('home: ', home)
15 |
16 | cwd = pathlib.Path.cwd()
17 | print('cwd : ', cwd)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_glob.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """pathlib glob
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('..')
14 |
15 | for f in p.glob('*.rst'):
16 | print(f)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_iterdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """pathlib iterdir
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('.')
14 |
15 | for f in p.iterdir():
16 | print(f)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_joinpath.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Building paths with joinpath
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | root = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/')
14 | subdirs = ['usr', 'local']
15 | usr_local = root.joinpath(*subdirs)
16 | print(usr_local)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_mkdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Creating a directory
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('example_dir')
14 |
15 | print('Creating {}'.format(p))
16 | p.mkdir()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_ownership.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Show stat info for a file.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import pathlib
7 |
8 | p = pathlib.Path(__file__)
9 |
10 | print('{} is owned by {}/{}'.format(p, p.owner(), p.group()))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_parents.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Parsing paths
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/usr/local/lib')
14 |
15 | print('parent: {}'.format(p.parent))
16 |
17 | print('\nhierarchy:')
18 | for up in p.parents:
19 | print(up)
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_parts.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Parsing paths
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.PurePosixPath('/usr/local')
14 | print(p.parts)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_resolve.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Resolving relative paths
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | usr_local = pathlib.Path('/usr/local')
14 | share = usr_local / '..' / 'share'
15 | print(share.resolve())
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_rglob.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """pathlib rglob
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('..')
14 |
15 | for f in p.rglob('pathlib_*.py'):
16 | print(f)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_rmdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Creating a directory
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('example_dir')
14 |
15 | print('Removing {}'.format(p))
16 | p.rmdir()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pathlib/pathlib_symlink_to.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Creating symbolic links
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import pathlib
12 |
13 | p = pathlib.Path('example_link')
14 |
15 | p.symlink_to('index.rst')
16 |
17 | print(p)
18 | print(p.resolve().name)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/lorem.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
2 | Donec egestas, enim et consectetuer ullamcorper, lectus
3 | ligula rutrum leo, a elementum elit tortor eu quam.
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_break_remote.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | from pdb_break import f
5 |
6 | f(5)
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_interact.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 | import pdb
8 |
9 |
10 | def f():
11 | l = ['a', 'b']
12 | m = 9
13 | n = 5
14 | print(l, m, n)
15 |
16 | if __name__ == '__main__':
17 | f()
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_jump.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 |
8 | def f(n):
9 | result = []
10 | j = 0
11 | for i in range(n):
12 | j = i * n + j
13 | j += n
14 | result.append(j)
15 | return result
16 |
17 | if __name__ == '__main__':
18 | print(f(5))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_next.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 | import pdb
8 |
9 |
10 | def calc(i, n):
11 | j = i * n
12 | return j
13 |
14 |
15 | def f(n):
16 | for i in range(n):
17 | j = calc(i, n)
18 | print(i, j)
19 | return
20 |
21 | if __name__ == '__main__':
22 | pdb.set_trace()
23 | f(5)
24 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_post_mortem.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 |
8 | class MyObj:
9 |
10 | def __init__(self, num_loops):
11 | self.count = num_loops
12 |
13 | def go(self):
14 | for i in range(self.num_loops):
15 | print(i)
16 | return
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_pp.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 | import pdb
8 |
9 | with open('lorem.txt', 'rt') as f:
10 | lines = f.readlines()
11 |
12 | pdb.set_trace()
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_run.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 | import sys
8 |
9 |
10 | def f():
11 | print('Command-line args:', sys.argv)
12 | return
13 |
14 | if __name__ == '__main__':
15 | f()
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_script.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 |
8 | class MyObj:
9 |
10 | def __init__(self, num_loops):
11 | self.count = num_loops
12 |
13 | def go(self):
14 | for i in range(self.count):
15 | print(i)
16 | return
17 |
18 | if __name__ == '__main__':
19 | MyObj(5).go()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pdb/pdb_step.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 |
7 | import pdb
8 |
9 |
10 | def f(n):
11 | for i in range(n):
12 | j = i * n
13 | print(i, j)
14 | return
15 |
16 | if __name__ == '__main__':
17 | pdb.set_trace()
18 | f(5)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pickle/pickle_string.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Pickle an object to a string.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import pickle
7 | import pprint
8 |
9 | data = [{'a': 'A', 'b': 2, 'c': 3.0}]
10 | print('DATA:', end=' ')
11 | pprint.pprint(data)
12 |
13 | data_string = pickle.dumps(data)
14 | print('PICKLE: {!r}'.format(data_string))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/pkgutil/__init__.py
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/source/pkgutil/demopkg1/shared.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/demopkg2/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import pkgutil
11 |
12 | __path__ = pkgutil.extend_path(__path__, __name__)
13 | __path__.reverse()
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/demopkg2/overloaded.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 |
11 | def func():
12 | print('This is the installed version of func().')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/demopkg2/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/demopkg2/overloaded.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 |
11 | def func():
12 | print('This is the development version of func().')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/nested/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/nested/second/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/nested/second/deep.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | def func():
11 | print('This func() comes from the development '
12 | 'version of nested.second.deep')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/develop/nested/shallow.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | def func():
11 | print('This func() comes from the development '
12 | 'version of nested.shallow')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/extension/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/pkgutil/extension/__init__.py
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/extension/demopkg1/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/extension/demopkg1/not_shared.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/nested/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import pkgutil
11 |
12 | __path__ = pkgutil.extend_path(__path__, __name__)
13 | __path__.reverse()
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/nested/second/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/nested/second/deep.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | def func():
11 | print('This func() comes from the installed '
12 | 'version of nested.second.deep')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/nested/shallow.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | def func():
11 | print('This func() comes from the installed '
12 | 'version of nested.shallow')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_one/demopkg1.pkg:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | demopkg
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_one/demopkg1/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_one/demopkg1/not_shared.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_two/demopkg1.pkg:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | demopkg
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_two/demopkg1/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/os_two/demopkg1/not_shared.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/pkgutil_devel.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import demopkg2
11 | print('demopkg2 :', demopkg2.__file__)
12 |
13 | import demopkg2.overloaded
14 | print('demopkg2.overloaded:', demopkg2.overloaded.__file__)
15 |
16 | print()
17 | demopkg2.overloaded.func()
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/pkgutil_extend_path.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/sh
2 | #end_pymotw_header
3 |
4 | export PYTHONPATH=extension
5 | python3 pkgutil_extend_path.py
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/pkgutil_get_data.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Load package data
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import pkgutil
11 |
12 | template = pkgutil.get_data('pkgwithdata', 'templates/base.html')
13 | print(template.decode('utf-8'))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/pkgwithdata/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/pkgutil/pkgwithdata/__init__.py
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/pkgwithdata/templates/base.html:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
3 | PyMOTW Template
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 | Example Template
8 |
9 | This is a sample data file.
10 |
11 |
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/run_dev.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/sh
2 | #end_pymotw_header
3 |
4 | export PYTHONPATH=develop
5 | python3 pkgutil_devel.py
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pkgutil/with_os.sh:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/bin/sh
2 |
3 | export PYTHONPATH=os_${1}
4 | echo "PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH"
5 | echo
6 |
7 | python3 pkgutil_os_specific.py
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/platform/platform_architecture.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import platform
12 |
13 | print('interpreter:', platform.architecture())
14 | print('/bin/ls :', platform.architecture('/bin/ls'))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/platform/platform_platform.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import platform
12 |
13 | print('Normal :', platform.platform())
14 | print('Aliased:', platform.platform(aliased=True))
15 | print('Terse :', platform.platform(terse=True))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pprint/pprint_compact.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Pretty print with pprint
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | from pprint import pprint
10 |
11 | from pprint_data import data
12 |
13 | print('DEFAULT:')
14 | pprint(data, compact=False)
15 | print('\nCOMPACT:')
16 | pprint(data, compact=True)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pprint/pprint_depth.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Pretty print with pprint
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | from pprint import pprint
10 |
11 | from pprint_data import data
12 |
13 | pprint(data, depth=1)
14 | pprint(data, depth=2)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pprint/pprint_pprint.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Pretty print with pprint
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | from pprint import pprint
10 |
11 | from pprint_data import data
12 |
13 | print('PRINT:')
14 | print(data)
15 | print()
16 | print('PPRINT:')
17 | pprint(data)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pprint/pprint_recursion.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Handling recursive data structures.
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | from pprint import pprint
10 |
11 | local_data = ['a', 'b', 1, 2]
12 | local_data.append(local_data)
13 |
14 | print('id(local_data) =>', id(local_data))
15 | pprint(local_data)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/pprint/pprint_width.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Pretty print with pprint
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | from pprint import pprint
10 |
11 | from pprint_data import data
12 |
13 | for width in [80, 5]:
14 | print('WIDTH =', width)
15 | pprint(data, width=width)
16 | print()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/profile/profile_runctx.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import profile
11 | from profile_fibonacci_memoized import fib, fib_seq
12 |
13 | if __name__ == '__main__':
14 | profile.runctx(
15 | 'print(fib_seq(n)); print()',
16 | globals(),
17 | {'n': 20},
18 | )
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/profile/profile_stats_0.stats:
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/source/profile/profile_stats_1.stats:
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/source/profile/profile_stats_2.stats:
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/source/profile/profile_stats_3.stats:
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/source/profile/profile_stats_4.stats:
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/source/pwd/pwd_getpwuid_process.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import pwd
11 | import os
12 |
13 | uid = os.getuid()
14 | user_info = pwd.getpwuid(uid)
15 | print('Currently running with UID={} username={}'.format(
16 | uid, user_info.pw_name))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/queue/queue_fifo.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """FIFO Queue
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import queue
11 |
12 | q = queue.Queue()
13 |
14 | for i in range(5):
15 | q.put(i)
16 |
17 | while not q.empty():
18 | print(q.get(), end=' ')
19 | print()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/queue/queue_lifo.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """LIFO Queue
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import queue
11 |
12 | q = queue.LifoQueue()
13 |
14 | for i in range(5):
15 | q.put(i)
16 |
17 | while not q.empty():
18 | print(q.get(), end=' ')
19 | print()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/random/random_random.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Generate random numbers
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import random
11 |
12 | for i in range(5):
13 | print('%04.3f' % random.random(), end=' ')
14 | print()
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/random/random_randrange.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Random values from a range
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import random
11 |
12 | for i in range(3):
13 | print(random.randrange(0, 101, 5), end=' ')
14 | print()
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/random/random_sample.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Sampling from sequences
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import random
11 |
12 | with open('/usr/share/dict/words', 'rt') as f:
13 | words = f.readlines()
14 | words = [w.rstrip() for w in words]
15 |
16 | for w in random.sample(words, 5):
17 | print(w)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/random/random_seed.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Generate random numbers
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import random
11 |
12 | random.seed(1)
13 |
14 | for i in range(5):
15 | print('{:04.3f}'.format(random.random()), end=' ')
16 | print()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/random/random_uniform.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Generate random numbers
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import random
11 |
12 | for i in range(5):
13 | print('{:04.3f}'.format(random.uniform(1, 100)), end=' ')
14 | print()
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_charset_exclude.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Repetition of patterns
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from re_test_patterns import test_patterns
11 |
12 | test_patterns(
13 | 'This is some text -- with punctuation.',
14 | [('[^-. ]+', 'sequences without -, ., or space')],
15 | )
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_escape_escapes.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Escaping escape codes
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from re_test_patterns import test_patterns
11 |
12 | test_patterns(
13 | r'\d+ \D+ \s+',
14 | [(r'\\.\+', 'escape code')],
15 | )
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_findall.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Repetition of patterns
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import re
11 |
12 | text = 'abbaaabbbbaaaaa'
13 |
14 | pattern = 'ab'
15 |
16 | for match in re.findall(pattern, text):
17 | print('Found {!r}'.format(match))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_groups_alternative.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Matching alternative groups
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from re_test_patterns_groups import test_patterns
11 |
12 | test_patterns(
13 | 'abbaabbba',
14 | [(r'a((a+)|(b+))', 'a then seq. of a or seq. of b'),
15 | (r'a((a|b)+)', 'a then seq. of [ab]')],
16 | )
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_groups_nested.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Nested groups
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from re_test_patterns_groups import test_patterns
11 |
12 | test_patterns(
13 | 'abbaabbba',
14 | [(r'a((a*)(b*))', 'a followed by 0-n a and 0-n b')],
15 | )
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_groups_noncapturing.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Noncapturing groups
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from re_test_patterns_groups import test_patterns
11 |
12 | test_patterns(
13 | 'abbaabbba',
14 | [(r'a((a+)|(b+))', 'capturing form'),
15 | (r'a((?:a+)|(?:b+))', 'noncapturing')],
16 | )
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_sub.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Substitute based on patterns.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import re
11 |
12 | bold = re.compile(r'\*{2}(.*?)\*{2}')
13 |
14 | text = 'Make this **bold**. This **too**.'
15 |
16 | print('Text:', text)
17 | print('Bold:', bold.sub(r'\1', text))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_sub_count.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Substitute based on patterns.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import re
11 |
12 | bold = re.compile(r'\*{2}(.*?)\*{2}')
13 |
14 | text = 'Make this **bold**. This **too**.'
15 |
16 | print('Text:', text)
17 | print('Bold:', bold.sub(r'\1', text, count=1))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_sub_named_groups.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Substitute based on patterns.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import re
11 |
12 | bold = re.compile(r'\*{2}(?P.*?)\*{2}')
13 |
14 | text = 'Make this **bold**. This **too**.'
15 |
16 | print('Text:', text)
17 | print('Bold:', bold.sub(r'\g', text))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/re/re_subn.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Substitute based on patterns.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import re
11 |
12 | bold = re.compile(r'\*{2}(.*?)\*{2}')
13 |
14 | text = 'Make this **bold**. This **too**.'
15 |
16 | print('Text:', text)
17 | print('Bold:', bold.subn(r'\1', text))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/readline/myreadline.rc:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Turn on tab completion
2 | tab: complete
3 |
4 | # Use vi editing mode instead of emacs
5 | set editing-mode vi
6 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shelve/shelve_create.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Creating a new shelf.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import shelve
7 |
8 | with shelve.open('test_shelf.db') as s:
9 | s['key1'] = {
10 | 'int': 10,
11 | 'float': 9.5,
12 | 'string': 'Sample data',
13 | }
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shelve/shelve_existing.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Opening an existing shelf.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import shelve
7 |
8 | with shelve.open('test_shelf.db') as s:
9 | existing = s['key1']
10 |
11 | print(existing)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shelve/shelve_readonly.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Opening an existing shelf read-only.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import dbm
7 | import shelve
8 |
9 | with shelve.open('test_shelf.db', flag='r') as s:
10 | print('Existing:', s['key1'])
11 | try:
12 | s['key1'] = 'new value'
13 | except dbm.error as err:
14 | print('ERROR: {}'.format(err))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shelve/shelve_withoutwriteback.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Modifying an existing shelf opened with write-back enabled.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import shelve
7 |
8 | with shelve.open('test_shelf.db') as s:
9 | print(s['key1'])
10 | s['key1']['new_value'] = 'this was not here before'
11 |
12 | with shelve.open('test_shelf.db', writeback=True) as s:
13 | print(s['key1'])
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shlex/apostrophe.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This string has an embedded apostrophe, doesn't it?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shlex/comments.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This line is recognized.
2 | # But this line is ignored.
3 | And this line is processed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shlex/quotes.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This string has embedded "double quotes" and
2 | 'single quotes' in it, and even "a 'nested example'".
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shlex/shlex_split.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | """Splitting strings with shlex.
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | import shlex
9 |
10 | text = """This text has "quoted parts" inside it."""
11 | print('ORIGINAL: {!r}'.format(text))
12 | print()
13 |
14 | print('TOKENS:')
15 | print(shlex.split(text))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shlex/shlex_table.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | """Other uses for the parser.
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | import shlex
9 |
10 | text = """|Col 1||Col 2||Col 3|"""
11 | print('ORIGINAL: {!r}'.format(text))
12 | print()
13 |
14 | lexer = shlex.shlex(text)
15 | lexer.quotes = '|'
16 |
17 | print('TOKENS:')
18 | for token in lexer:
19 | print('{!r}'.format(token))
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_copy.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Copying a file
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import glob
7 | import os
8 | import shutil
9 |
10 | os.mkdir('example')
11 | print('BEFORE:', glob.glob('example/*'))
12 |
13 | shutil.copy('shutil_copy.py', 'example')
14 |
15 | print('AFTER :', glob.glob('example/*'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_copyfile.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Copying a file
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import glob
7 | import shutil
8 |
9 | print('BEFORE:', glob.glob('shutil_copyfile.*'))
10 |
11 | shutil.copyfile('shutil_copyfile.py', 'shutil_copyfile.py.copy')
12 |
13 | print('AFTER:', glob.glob('shutil_copyfile.*'))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_copytree.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Copying an entire tree of files.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import glob
7 | import pprint
8 | import shutil
9 |
10 | print('BEFORE:')
11 | pprint.pprint(glob.glob('/tmp/example/*'))
12 |
13 | shutil.copytree('../shutil', '/tmp/example')
14 |
15 | print('\nAFTER:')
16 | pprint.pprint(glob.glob('/tmp/example/*'))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_get_archive_formats.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Which archive formats are supported?
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import shutil
12 |
13 | for format, description in shutil.get_archive_formats():
14 | print('{:<5}: {}'.format(format, description))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_move.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Copying a file
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import glob
7 | import shutil
8 |
9 | with open('example.txt', 'wt') as f:
10 | f.write('contents')
11 |
12 | print('BEFORE: ', glob.glob('example*'))
13 |
14 | shutil.move('example.txt', 'example.out')
15 |
16 | print('AFTER : ', glob.glob('example*'))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_rmtree.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Remove an entire tree of files.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import glob
7 | import pprint
8 | import shutil
9 |
10 | print('BEFORE:')
11 | pprint.pprint(glob.glob('/tmp/example/*'))
12 |
13 | shutil.rmtree('/tmp/example')
14 |
15 | print('\nAFTER:')
16 | pprint.pprint(glob.glob('/tmp/example/*'))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/shutil/shutil_which.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2016 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | # Written for https://pymotw.com
6 | #
7 | """Find a program on $PATH
8 | """
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import shutil
12 |
13 | print(shutil.which('virtualenv'))
14 | print(shutil.which('tox'))
15 | print(shutil.which('no-such-program'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/multiple_pth/a.pth:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ./from_a
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/multiple_pth/b.pth:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | ./from_b
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/multiple_pth/from_a/mymodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Empty module for example.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import os
11 | print('Loaded {} from {}'.format(
12 | __name__, __file__[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:])
13 | )
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/multiple_pth/from_b/mymodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Empty module for example.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import os
11 | print('Loaded {} from {}'.format(
12 | __name__, __file__[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:])
13 | )
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/site_user_base.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Show the user base directory.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import site
11 |
12 | print('Base:', site.USER_BASE)
13 | print('Site:', site.USER_SITE)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/with_modules/mymodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Empty module for example.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import os
11 | print('Loaded {} from {}'.format(
12 | __name__, __file__[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:])
13 | )
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/with_pth/pymotw.pth:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | # Add a single subdirectory to the path.
2 | ./subdir
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/with_pth/subdir/mymodule.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Empty module for example.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import os
11 | print('Loaded {} from {}'.format(
12 | __name__, __file__[len(os.getcwd()) + 1:])
13 | )
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/with_sitecustomize/site_sitecustomize.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Run in with_sitecustomize directory.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sys
11 |
12 | print('Running main program from\n{}'.format(sys.argv[0]))
13 |
14 | print('End of path:', sys.path[-1])
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/site/with_usercustomize/site_usercustomize.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Run in with_usercustomize directory.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sys
11 |
12 | print('Running main program from\n{}'.format(sys.argv[0]))
13 |
14 | print('End of path:', sys.path[-1])
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/smtpd/smtpd_debug.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import smtpd
12 | import asyncore
13 |
14 | server = smtpd.DebuggingServer(('127.0.0.1', 1025), None)
15 |
16 | asyncore.loop()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/smtpd/smtpd_proxy.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import smtpd
12 | import asyncore
13 |
14 | server = smtpd.PureProxy(('127.0.0.1', 1025), ('mail', 25))
15 |
16 | asyncore.loop()
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/socket/socket_getfqdn.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Look up the fully qualified domain name for a host.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import socket
11 |
12 | for host in ['apu', 'pymotw.com']:
13 | print('{:>10} : {}'.format(host, socket.getfqdn(host)))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/socket/socket_gethostbyaddr.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Look up a hostname from its address.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import socket
11 |
12 | hostname, aliases, addresses = socket.gethostbyaddr('10.9.0.10')
13 |
14 | print('Hostname :', hostname)
15 | print('Aliases :', aliases)
16 | print('Addresses:', addresses)
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/socket/socket_gethostname.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Look up the name of the current host
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import socket
11 |
12 | print(socket.gethostname())
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sqlite3/tasks.csv:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | deadline,project,priority,details
2 | 2016-11-30,pymotw,2,"finish reviewing markup"
3 | 2016-08-20,pymotw,2,"revise chapter intros"
4 | 2016-11-01,pymotw,1,"subtitle"
5 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/statistics/statistics_mean.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | """Arithmetic mean
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from statistics import *
9 |
10 | data = [1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 12]
11 |
12 | print('{:0.2f}'.format(mean(data)))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/statistics/statistics_median.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | """
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from statistics import *
9 |
10 | data = [1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 12]
11 |
12 | print('median : {:0.2f}'.format(median(data)))
13 | print('low : {:0.2f}'.format(median_low(data)))
14 | print('high : {:0.2f}'.format(median_high(data)))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/statistics/statistics_median_grouped.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | """
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from statistics import *
9 |
10 | data = [10, 20, 30, 40]
11 |
12 | print('1: {:0.2f}'.format(median_grouped(data, interval=1)))
13 | print('2: {:0.2f}'.format(median_grouped(data, interval=2)))
14 | print('3: {:0.2f}'.format(median_grouped(data, interval=3)))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/statistics/statistics_mode.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | """
5 | """
6 |
7 | #end_pymotw_header
8 | from statistics import *
9 |
10 | data = [1, 2, 2, 5, 10, 12]
11 |
12 | print(mode(data))
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/string/string_capwords.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import string
11 |
12 | s = 'The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.'
13 |
14 | print(s)
15 | print(string.capwords(s))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/string/string_template_defaultpattern.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import string
11 |
12 | t = string.Template('$var')
13 | print(t.pattern.pattern)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/struct/struct_unpack.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import struct
12 | import binascii
13 |
14 | packed_data = binascii.unhexlify(b'0100000061620000cdcc2c40')
15 |
16 | s = struct.Struct('I 2s f')
17 | unpacked_data = s.unpack(packed_data)
18 | print('Unpacked Values:', unpacked_data)
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/subprocess/subprocess_os_system.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Replacing os.system with subprocess.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import subprocess
7 |
8 | completed = subprocess.run(['ls', '-1'])
9 | print('returncode:', completed.returncode)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/subprocess/subprocess_popen_write.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import subprocess
12 |
13 | print('write:')
14 | proc = subprocess.Popen(
15 | ['cat', '-'],
16 | stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
17 | )
18 | proc.communicate('stdin: to stdin\n'.encode('utf-8'))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/subprocess/subprocess_run_check.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2010 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Checking exit codes from external processes
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import subprocess
10 |
11 | try:
12 | subprocess.run(['false'], check=True)
13 | except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
14 | print('ERROR:', err)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/subprocess/subprocess_shell_variables.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import subprocess
11 |
12 | completed = subprocess.run('echo $HOME', shell=True)
13 | print('returncode:', completed.returncode)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_argv.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('Arguments:', sys.argv)
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_builtins.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 | import textwrap
6 |
7 | name_text = ', '.join(sorted(sys.builtin_module_names))
8 |
9 | print(textwrap.fill(name_text, width=64))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_byteorder.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print(sys.byteorder)
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_excepthook.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 |
7 | def my_excepthook(type, value, traceback):
8 | print('Unhandled error:', type, value)
9 |
10 |
11 | sys.excepthook = my_excepthook
12 |
13 | print('Before exception')
14 |
15 | raise RuntimeError('This is the error message')
16 |
17 | print('After exception')
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_exit.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | exit_code = int(sys.argv[1])
7 | sys.exit(exit_code)
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_getrefcount.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | one = []
7 | print('At start :', sys.getrefcount(one))
8 |
9 | two = one
10 |
11 | print('Second reference :', sys.getrefcount(one))
12 |
13 | del two
14 |
15 | print('After del :', sys.getrefcount(one))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_getsizeof.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 |
7 | class MyClass:
8 | pass
9 |
10 |
11 | objects = [
12 | [], (), {}, 'c', 'string', b'bytes', 1, 2.3,
13 | MyClass, MyClass(),
14 | ]
15 |
16 | for obj in objects:
17 | print('{:>10} : {}'.format(type(obj).__name__,
18 | sys.getsizeof(obj)))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_implementation.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 |
7 | print('Name:', sys.implementation.name)
8 | print('Version:', sys.implementation.version)
9 | print('Cache tag:', sys.implementation.cache_tag)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_int_info.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('Number of bits used to hold each digit:',
7 | sys.int_info.bits_per_digit)
8 | print('Size in bytes of C type used to hold each digit:',
9 | sys.int_info.sizeof_digit)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_locations.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('Interpreter executable:')
7 | print(sys.executable)
8 | print('\nInstallation prefix:')
9 | print(sys.prefix)
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_maximums.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('maxsize :', sys.maxsize)
7 | print('maxunicode:', sys.maxunicode)
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_modules.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 | import textwrap
6 |
7 | names = sorted(sys.modules.keys())
8 | name_text = ', '.join(names)
9 |
10 | print(textwrap.fill(name_text, width=64))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_path_show.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | for d in sys.path:
7 | print(d)
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_platform.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('This interpreter was built for:', sys.platform)
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_ps1.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 |
7 | class LineCounter:
8 |
9 | def __init__(self):
10 | self.count = 0
11 |
12 | def __str__(self):
13 | self.count += 1
14 | return '({:3d})> '.format(self.count)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_shelve_importer_missing.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 | import sys_shelve_importer
6 |
7 | filename = '/tmp/pymotw_import_example.shelve'
8 | sys.path_hooks.append(sys_shelve_importer.ShelveFinder)
9 | sys.path.insert(0, filename)
10 |
11 | try:
12 | import package.module3
13 | except ImportError as e:
14 | print('Failed to import:', e)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_stdio.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 |
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('STATUS: Reading from stdin', file=sys.stderr)
7 |
8 | data = sys.stdin.read()
9 |
10 | print('STATUS: Writing data to stdout', file=sys.stderr)
11 |
12 | sys.stdout.write(data)
13 | sys.stdout.flush()
14 |
15 | print('STATUS: Done', file=sys.stderr)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_unicode.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('Default encoding :', sys.getdefaultencoding())
7 | print('File system encoding :', sys.getfilesystemencoding())
8 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sys/sys_version_values.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #end_pymotw_header
4 | import sys
5 |
6 | print('Version info:')
7 | print()
8 | print('sys.version =', repr(sys.version))
9 | print('sys.version_info =', sys.version_info)
10 | print('sys.hexversion =', hex(sys.hexversion))
11 | print('sys.api_version =', sys.api_version)
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sysconfig/sysconfig_get_config_var.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """All configuration variables.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sysconfig
11 |
12 | print('User base directory:',
13 | sysconfig.get_config_var('userbase'))
14 | print('Unknown variable :',
15 | sysconfig.get_config_var('NoSuchVariable'))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sysconfig/sysconfig_get_config_vars_by_name.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """All configuration variables.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sysconfig
11 |
12 | bases = sysconfig.get_config_vars('base', 'platbase', 'userbase')
13 | print('Base directories:')
14 | for b in bases:
15 | print(' ', b)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sysconfig/sysconfig_get_path_names.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """The names of the paths in a scheme.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sysconfig
11 |
12 | for name in sysconfig.get_path_names():
13 | print(name)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sysconfig/sysconfig_get_platform.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Platform specifier for binary modules
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sysconfig
11 |
12 | print(sysconfig.get_platform())
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/sysconfig/sysconfig_get_scheme_names.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Installation schemes.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sysconfig
11 |
12 | for name in sysconfig.get_scheme_names():
13 | print(name)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tabnanny/tabnanny_check.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Using tabnanny from your own code
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import sys
11 | import tabnanny
12 |
13 | # Turn on verbose mode
14 | tabnanny.verbose = 1
15 |
16 | for dirname in sys.argv[1:]:
17 | tabnanny.check(dirname)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tarfile/README.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | The examples for the tarfile module use this file and
2 | example.tar as data.
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tarfile/bad_example.tar:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This is not really a zip file.
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tarfile/tarfile_extract.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tarfile
12 | import os
13 |
14 | os.mkdir('outdir')
15 | with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
16 | t.extract('README.txt', 'outdir')
17 | print(os.listdir('outdir'))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tarfile/tarfile_extractall.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tarfile
12 | import os
13 |
14 | os.mkdir('outdir')
15 | with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
16 | t.extractall('outdir')
17 | print(os.listdir('outdir'))
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tarfile/tarfile_getnames.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2009 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tarfile
12 |
13 | with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as t:
14 | print(t.getnames())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tempfile/tempfile_TemporaryFile_binary.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import os
12 | import tempfile
13 |
14 | with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as temp:
15 | temp.write(b'Some data')
16 |
17 | temp.seek(0)
18 | print(temp.read())
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tempfile/tempfile_TemporaryFile_text.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tempfile
12 |
13 | with tempfile.TemporaryFile(mode='w+t') as f:
14 | f.writelines(['first\n', 'second\n'])
15 |
16 | f.seek(0)
17 | for line in f:
18 | print(line.rstrip())
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tempfile/tempfile_settings.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tempfile
12 |
13 | print('gettempdir():', tempfile.gettempdir())
14 | print('gettempprefix():', tempfile.gettempprefix())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/tempfile/tempfile_tempdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import tempfile
12 |
13 | tempfile.tempdir = '/I/changed/this/path'
14 | print('gettempdir():', tempfile.gettempdir())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/textwrap/textwrap_dedent.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import textwrap
11 | from textwrap_example import sample_text
12 |
13 | dedented_text = textwrap.dedent(sample_text)
14 | print('Dedented:')
15 | print(dedented_text)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/textwrap/textwrap_fill.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import textwrap
11 | from textwrap_example import sample_text
12 |
13 | print(textwrap.fill(sample_text, width=50))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/threading/threading_lock_reacquire.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Normal locks cannot be acquired more than once
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import threading
11 |
12 | lock = threading.Lock()
13 |
14 | print('First try :', lock.acquire())
15 | print('Second try:', lock.acquire(0))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/threading/threading_rlock.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Re-entrant locks
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import threading
11 |
12 | lock = threading.RLock()
13 |
14 | print('First try :', lock.acquire())
15 | print('Second try:', lock.acquire(0))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/time/time_ctime.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import time
11 |
12 | print('The time is :', time.ctime())
13 | later = time.time() + 15
14 | print('15 secs from now :', time.ctime(later))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/time/time_time.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import time
11 |
12 | print('The time is:', time.time())
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/timeit/timeit_setitem.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 |
7 | def test_setitem(range_size=1000):
8 | l = [(str(x), x) for x in range(range_size)]
9 | d = {}
10 | for s, i in l:
11 | d[s] = i
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_CoverageResults.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import trace
12 | from trace_example.recurse import recurse
13 |
14 | tracer = trace.Trace(count=True, trace=False)
15 | tracer.runfunc(recurse, 2)
16 |
17 | results = tracer.results()
18 | results.write_results(coverdir='coverdir2')
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_example/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/trace/trace_example/__init__.py
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_example/main.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from recurse import recurse
11 |
12 |
13 | def main():
14 | print('This is the main program.')
15 | recurse(2)
16 |
17 |
18 | if __name__ == '__main__':
19 | main()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_example/recurse.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 |
11 | def recurse(level):
12 | print('recurse({})'.format(level))
13 | if level:
14 | recurse(level - 1)
15 |
16 |
17 | def not_called():
18 | print('This function is never called.')
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_run.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import trace
12 | from trace_example.recurse import recurse
13 |
14 | tracer = trace.Trace(count=False, trace=True)
15 | tracer.run('recurse(2)')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/trace/trace_runfunc.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import trace
12 | from trace_example.recurse import recurse
13 |
14 | tracer = trace.Trace(count=False, trace=True)
15 | tracer.runfunc(recurse, 2)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/traceback/traceback_format_exc.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import traceback
11 | import sys
12 |
13 | from traceback_example import produce_exception
14 |
15 | try:
16 | produce_exception()
17 | except Exception as err:
18 | print('format_exc():')
19 | print(traceback.format_exc())
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_expectedfailure.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class Test(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | @unittest.expectedFailure
12 | def test_never_passes(self):
13 | self.assertTrue(False)
14 |
15 | @unittest.expectedFailure
16 | def test_always_passes(self):
17 | self.assertTrue(True)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_failwithmessage.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """A test that fails with a custom message.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class FailureMessageTest(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | def testFail(self):
12 | self.assertFalse(True, 'failure message goes here')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_in.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Test for equality
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class ContainerMembershipTest(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | def testDict(self):
12 | self.assertIn(4, {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'})
13 |
14 | def testList(self):
15 | self.assertIn(4, [1, 2, 3])
16 |
17 | def testSet(self):
18 | self.assertIn(4, set([1, 2, 3]))
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_outcomes.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Demonstrate possible test outcomes
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class OutcomesTest(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | def testPass(self):
12 | return
13 |
14 | def testFail(self):
15 | self.assertFalse(True)
16 |
17 | def testError(self):
18 | raise RuntimeError('Test error!')
19 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_simple.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Simplistic examples of unit tests.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class SimplisticTest(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | def test(self):
12 | a = 'a'
13 | b = 'a'
14 | self.assertEqual(a, b)
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/unittest/unittest_truth.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Test for truth
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import unittest
7 |
8 |
9 | class TruthTest(unittest.TestCase):
10 |
11 | def testAssertTrue(self):
12 | self.assertTrue(True)
13 |
14 | def testAssertFalse(self):
15 | self.assertFalse(False)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_geturl.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Parsing URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urlparse
7 |
8 | original = 'http://netloc/path;param?query=arg#frag'
9 | print('ORIG :', original)
10 | parsed = urlparse(original)
11 | print('PARSED:', parsed.geturl())
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_parse_qs.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from urllib.parse import parse_qs, parse_qsl
11 |
12 | encoded = 'foo=foo1&foo=foo2'
13 |
14 | print('parse_qs :', parse_qs(encoded))
15 | print('parse_qsl:', parse_qsl(encoded))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_unquote.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from urllib.parse import unquote, unquote_plus
11 |
12 | print(unquote('http%3A//localhost%3A8080/%7Ehellmann/'))
13 | print(unquote_plus(
14 | 'http%3A%2F%2Flocalhost%3A8080%2F%7Ehellmann%2F'
15 | ))
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urldefrag.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Remove fragment portion of URL
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urldefrag
7 |
8 | original = 'http://netloc/path;param?query=arg#frag'
9 | print('original:', original)
10 | d = urldefrag(original)
11 | print('url :', d.url)
12 | print('fragment:', d.fragment)
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urlencode.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from urllib.parse import urlencode
11 |
12 | query_args = {
13 | 'q': 'query string',
14 | 'foo': 'bar',
15 | }
16 | encoded_args = urlencode(query_args)
17 | print('Encoded:', encoded_args)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urlencode_doseq.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from urllib.parse import urlencode
11 |
12 | query_args = {
13 | 'foo': ['foo1', 'foo2'],
14 | }
15 | print('Single :', urlencode(query_args))
16 | print('Sequence:', urlencode(query_args, doseq=True))
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urljoin.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Joining relative fragments into absolute URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urljoin
7 |
8 | print(urljoin('http://www.example.com/path/file.html',
9 | 'anotherfile.html'))
10 | print(urljoin('http://www.example.com/path/file.html',
11 | '../anotherfile.html'))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urljoin_with_path.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Joining fragments into absolute URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urljoin
7 |
8 | print(urljoin('http://www.example.com/path/',
9 | '/subpath/file.html'))
10 | print(urljoin('http://www.example.com/path/',
11 | 'subpath/file.html'))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urlparse.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Parsing URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urlparse
7 |
8 | url = 'http://netloc/path;param?query=arg#frag'
9 | parsed = urlparse(url)
10 | print(parsed)
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urlunparse.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Parsing URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
7 |
8 | original = 'http://netloc/path;param?query=arg#frag'
9 | print('ORIG :', original)
10 | parsed = urlparse(original)
11 | print('PARSED:', type(parsed), parsed)
12 | t = parsed[:]
13 | print('TUPLE :', type(t), t)
14 | print('NEW :', urlunparse(t))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.parse/urllib_parse_urlunparseextra.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Parsing URLs
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from urllib.parse import urlparse, urlunparse
7 |
8 | original = 'http://netloc/path;?#'
9 | print('ORIG :', original)
10 | parsed = urlparse(original)
11 | print('PARSED:', type(parsed), parsed)
12 | t = parsed[:]
13 | print('TUPLE :', type(t), t)
14 | print('NEW :', urlunparse(t))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.request/urllib_request_urlopen_iterator.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Simple example with urllib.urlopen().
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from urllib import request
11 |
12 | response = request.urlopen('http://localhost:8080/')
13 | for line in response:
14 | print(line.decode('utf-8').rstrip())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/urllib.robotparser/robots.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 | Sitemap: https://pymotw.com/sitemap.xml
3 | User-agent: *
4 | Disallow: /admin/
5 | Disallow: /downloads/
6 | Disallow: /media/
7 | Disallow: /static/
8 | Disallow: /codehosting/
9 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/uuid/uuid_getnode.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import uuid
8 |
9 | print(hex(uuid.getnode()))
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/uuid/uuid_uuid1_othermac.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import uuid
8 |
9 | for node in [0x1ec200d9e0, 0x1e5274040e]:
10 | print(uuid.uuid1(node), hex(node))
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/uuid/uuid_uuid1_repeat.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import uuid
8 |
9 | for i in range(3):
10 | print(uuid.uuid1())
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/uuid/uuid_uuid3_uuid5.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import uuid
8 |
9 | hostnames = ['www.doughellmann.com', 'blog.doughellmann.com']
10 |
11 | for name in hostnames:
12 | print(name)
13 | print(' MD5 :', uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, name))
14 | print(' SHA-1 :', uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, name))
15 | print()
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/uuid/uuid_uuid4.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | """
4 | """
5 |
6 | #end_pymotw_header
7 | import uuid
8 |
9 | for i in range(3):
10 | print(uuid.uuid4())
11 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_filter.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 | warnings.warn('Show this message')
13 | warnings.warn('Do not show this message')
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_filterwarnings_lineno.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 | # flake8: noqa
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import warnings
12 |
13 | warnings.filterwarnings(
14 | 'ignore',
15 | '.*',
16 | UserWarning,
17 | 'warnings_filter',
18 | 13,
19 | )
20 |
21 | import warnings_filter
22 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_filterwarnings_message.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 | warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', '.*do not.*',)
13 |
14 | warnings.warn('Show this message')
15 | warnings.warn('Do not show this message')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_filterwarnings_module.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 | # flake8: noqa
9 |
10 | #end_pymotw_header
11 | import warnings
12 |
13 | warnings.filterwarnings(
14 | 'ignore',
15 | '.*',
16 | UserWarning,
17 | 'warnings_filter',
18 | )
19 |
20 | import warnings_filter
21 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_once.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 | warnings.simplefilter('once', UserWarning)
13 |
14 | warnings.warn('This is a warning!')
15 | warnings.warn('This is a warning!')
16 | warnings.warn('This is a warning!')
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_repeated.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 |
13 | def function_with_warning():
14 | warnings.warn('This is a warning!')
15 |
16 |
17 | function_with_warning()
18 | function_with_warning()
19 | function_with_warning()
20 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_warn.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 | print('Before the warning')
13 | warnings.warn('This is a warning message')
14 | print('After the warning')
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_warn_raise.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import warnings
11 |
12 | warnings.simplefilter('error', UserWarning)
13 |
14 | print('Before the warning')
15 | warnings.warn('This is a warning message')
16 | print('After the warning')
17 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/warnings/warnings_warn_stacklevel.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 |
4 | import warnings
5 |
6 |
7 | def old_function():
8 | warnings.warn(
9 | 'old_function() is deprecated, use new_function()',
10 | stacklevel=2)
11 |
12 |
13 | def caller_of_old_function():
14 | old_function()
15 |
16 |
17 | caller_of_old_function()
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/webbrowser/webbrowser_get.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import webbrowser
11 |
12 | b = webbrowser.get('lynx')
13 | b.open('https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html')
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/webbrowser/webbrowser_open.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import webbrowser
11 |
12 | webbrowser.open(
13 | 'https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html'
14 | )
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/webbrowser/webbrowser_open_new.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import webbrowser
11 |
12 | webbrowser.open_new(
13 | 'https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html'
14 | )
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/webbrowser/webbrowser_open_new_tab.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import webbrowser
11 |
12 | webbrowser.open_new_tab(
13 | 'https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html'
14 | )
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xml.etree.ElementTree/ElementTree_dump_opml.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Dump the OPML in plain text
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from xml.etree import ElementTree
11 | import pprint
12 |
13 | with open('podcasts.opml', 'rt') as f:
14 | tree = ElementTree.parse(f)
15 |
16 | for node in tree.iter():
17 | print(node.tag)
18 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xml.etree.ElementTree/ElementTree_parse_opml.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2010 Doug Hellmann. All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """Parse an OPML file and show something about the results.
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | from xml.etree import ElementTree
11 |
12 | with open('podcasts.opml', 'rt') as f:
13 | tree = ElementTree.parse(f)
14 |
15 | print(tree)
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xml.etree.ElementTree/data.xml:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 |
2 |
3 | Regular text.
4 | Regular text."Tail" text.
5 |
6 |
7 | That & This
8 |
9 |
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xml.etree.ElementTree/podcasts.csv:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | "Non-tech","99% Invisible","http://feeds.99percentinvisible.org/99percentinvisible","http://99percentinvisible.org"
2 | "Python","Talk Python to Me","https://talkpython.fm/episodes/rss","https://talkpython.fm"
3 | "Python","Podcast.__init__","http://podcastinit.podbean.com/feed/","http://podcastinit.com"
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.client/xmlrpc_ServerProxy.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | server = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000')
13 | print('Ping:', server.ping())
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.client/xmlrpc_ServerProxy_encoding.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | server = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000',
13 | encoding='ISO-8859-1')
14 | print('Ping:', server.ping())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.client/xmlrpc_ServerProxy_verbose.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | server = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000',
13 | verbose=True)
14 | print('Ping:', server.ping())
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.server/xmlrpc_arbitrary_name_client.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000')
13 | print(getattr(proxy, 'multiply args')(5, 5))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.server/xmlrpc_function_client.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000')
13 | print(proxy.list_contents('/tmp'))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.server/xmlrpc_instance_client.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000')
13 | print(proxy.list('/tmp'))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/xmlrpc.server/xmlrpc_instance_dotted_names_client.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | # encoding: utf-8
3 | #
4 | # Copyright (c) 2008 Doug Hellmann All rights reserved.
5 | #
6 | """
7 | """
8 |
9 | #end_pymotw_header
10 | import xmlrpc.client
11 |
12 | proxy = xmlrpc.client.ServerProxy('http://localhost:9000')
13 | print(proxy.dir.list('/tmp'))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/README.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | The examples for the zipfile module use
2 | this file and example.zip as data.
3 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/bad_example.zip:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This is not really a zip file.
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/example.zip:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dhellmann/pymotw-3/8c3750a62580da538b1056a5287fb806f0f51d0a/source/zipfile/example.zip
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/zipfile_is_zipfile.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Test if a file is a zipfile.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import zipfile
7 |
8 | for filename in ['README.txt', 'example.zip',
9 | 'bad_example.zip', 'notthere.zip']:
10 | print('{:>15} {}'.format(
11 | filename, zipfile.is_zipfile(filename)))
12 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/zipfile_namelist.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Reading the names out of a ZIP archive.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import zipfile
7 |
8 | with zipfile.ZipFile('example.zip', 'r') as zf:
9 | print(zf.namelist())
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/zipfile_printdir.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Print the table of contents of a ZIP archive
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | import zipfile
7 |
8 | with zipfile.ZipFile('example.zip', 'r') as zf:
9 | print(zf.printdir())
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/zipfile_write.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Writing data to a new archive.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from zipfile_infolist import print_info
7 | import zipfile
8 |
9 | print('creating archive')
10 | with zipfile.ZipFile('write.zip', mode='w') as zf:
11 | print('adding README.txt')
12 | zf.write('README.txt')
13 |
14 | print()
15 | print_info('write.zip')
16 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipfile/zipfile_write_arcname.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | """Writing data to a new archive using an alternate name.
3 | """
4 |
5 | #end_pymotw_header
6 | from zipfile_infolist import print_info
7 | import zipfile
8 |
9 | with zipfile.ZipFile('write_arcname.zip', mode='w') as zf:
10 | zf.write('README.txt', arcname='NOT_README.txt')
11 |
12 | print_info('write_arcname.zip')
13 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #
2 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
3 | #
4 | """Package marker.
5 |
6 | This file is included to cause this directory to be treated as a
7 | python package, instead of a simple directory.
8 |
9 | """
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/example_package/README.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | This file represents sample data which could be embedded in the
2 | ZIP archive. You could include a configuration file, images, or
3 | any other sort of noncode data.
4 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/example_package/__init__.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #
2 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
3 | #
4 | """Example package
5 |
6 | This file represents source code which could be embedded in the
7 | ZIP archive.
8 |
9 | """
10 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/zipimport_find_module.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Finding a module within a zip archive.
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import zipimport
10 |
11 | importer = zipimport.zipimporter('zipimport_example.zip')
12 |
13 | for module_name in ['zipimport_find_module', 'not_there']:
14 | print(module_name, ':', importer.find_module(module_name))
15 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/zipimport_get_code.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Retrieving the code for a module within a zip archive.
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import zipimport
10 |
11 | importer = zipimport.zipimporter('zipimport_example.zip')
12 | code = importer.get_code('zipimport_get_code')
13 | print(code)
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zipimport/zipimport_is_package.py:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 | #
3 | # Copyright 2007 Doug Hellmann.
4 | #
5 | """Determine whether the type of a module within a ZIP archive
6 | """
7 |
8 | #end_pymotw_header
9 | import zipimport
10 |
11 | importer = zipimport.zipimporter('zipimport_example.zip')
12 | for name in ['zipimport_is_package', 'example_package']:
13 | print(name, importer.is_package(name))
14 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zlib/MANIFEST.in:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | include PyMOTW/zlib/lorem.txt
2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/source/zlib/lorem.txt:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 | Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Donec
2 | egestas, enim et consectetuer ullamcorper, lectus ligula rutrum leo, a
3 | elementum elit tortor eu quam. Duis tincidunt nisi ut ante. Nulla
4 | facilisi. Sed tristique eros eu libero. Pellentesque vel arcu. Vivamus
5 | purus orci, iaculis ac, suscipit sit amet, pulvinar eu,
6 | lacus.
7 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }})