├── .gitignore ├── Cards ├── .gitignore ├── Private │ └── .gitignore ├── Calculus.md ├── systemd.md ├── Git.md ├── Distances.md ├── Geologic Timescale.md ├── Nix.md ├── Rust.md ├── Complex Numbers.md ├── Magit.md ├── make.md ├── MIME.md ├── Astronomy.md ├── Units.md ├── macros.tex ├── Emacs.md ├── Python.md ├── Metric Time.md ├── Linguistics.md ├── AWS Regions.md ├── Leibniz.md ├── Alexander.md ├── fd.md ├── CSS.md ├── zathura.md ├── Radiation.md ├── Regular Expressions.md ├── FDI Dental Notation.md ├── Cryptography.md ├── Dante.md ├── Pharmacology.md ├── Poets.md ├── History.md ├── Powers of Two.md ├── Sowa Knowledge Representation.md ├── Neuroscience.md ├── Werewolf The Apocalypse.md ├── Electricity.md ├── NATO Phonetic Alphabet.md ├── typst.md ├── Geology.md ├── Molecular Neuropharmacology.md ├── Logic.md ├── Indonesian.md ├── Greek Mythology.md ├── Lean.md ├── Nautical Terminology.md ├── TeX.md ├── Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.md ├── Mathematics.md ├── Docker.md ├── Unix.md ├── Guile Scheme.md ├── Bible Quotes.md ├── Indonesian Phrases.md ├── Indonesian Vocabulary.md ├── Cell Biology by the Numbers.md ├── Trivia.md ├── Medicine.md ├── English Vocabulary.md ├── Quotes.md ├── Term Rewriting and All That.md └── Persian Alphabet.md ├── Sources ├── aws.csv ├── nato.csv ├── expr.tex ├── indo_vocab.csv ├── french_vocab.csv └── english_vocab.csv ├── Scripts ├── pow2.py ├── def.py ├── tex.py ├── vocab.py ├── fdi.py └── persian.py ├── Inbox ├── emacs.txt ├── Calculus.md ├── French.md ├── Poetry │ ├── cassilda.txt │ ├── po.txt │ ├── archaic.txt │ └── ecclesiastes12.txt ├── Molecular Biology of the Cell.md ├── Electricity.md └── Molecular Neuropharmacology.md ├── README.md ├── .github └── workflows │ └── check.yaml ├── Makefile ├── CLAUDE.md └── LICENSE /.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | stats.json 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | hashcards.db 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Private/.gitignore: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | *.md 2 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Calculus.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Evaluate: $$(fg)'$$ 2 | A: $$f'g + fg'$$ 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/systemd.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Write a command to list systemd user services. 2 | A: `systemctl --user list-units --type=service` 3 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/aws.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Region, Location 2 | `us-east-2`, Ohio 3 | `us-east-1`, Northern Virginia 4 | `us-west-1`, Northern California 5 | `us-west-2`, Oregon 6 | `eu-west-1`, Ireland 7 | `eu-west-2`, London 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Git.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Git: command to add a remote with a given `$name` and `$url`. 2 | A: `git remote add $name $url` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: `git commit` flag to skip running pre-commit hooks. 7 | A: `--no-verify` 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Distances.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: 1 lightsecond in kilometers. 2 | A: ~300,000 km. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: 1 lightday in kilometers. 7 | A: ~26 billion km. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: 1 lightday in AU. 12 | A: ~173 AU. 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/pow2.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | for n in range(2, 17): 2 | print(f"Q: $2^{{{n}}}$") 3 | print(f"A: ${2**n}$") 4 | print() 5 | print(f"Q: $\\log_2 {2**n}$") 6 | print(f"A: ${n}$") 7 | if n < 16: 8 | print() 9 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Geologic Timescale.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What are the units of the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest? 2 | A: Eon, era, period, epoch. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What is the time span of an eon? 7 | A: Hundreds of millions of years. 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Nix.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Command to create a `flake.lock`, from a `flake.nix` in the current directory. 2 | A: `nix flake lock` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Command to enter a shell for the Nix flake in the current directory. 7 | A: `nix develop`. 8 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Rust.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Consider this destructure expression: 2 | 3 | ``` 4 | let Foo { a, b } = foo; 5 | ``` 6 | 7 | How do you ignore field `a` specifically? 8 | 9 | A: 10 | 11 | ``` 12 | let Foo { a: _, b } = foo; 13 | ``` 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Complex Numbers.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is $i$ in Cartesian notation? 2 | A: $$(0, 1)$$ 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Geometrically, what is $\overline z$? 7 | A: Reflecting $z$ around the $x$ axis. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: $$i$$ 12 | A: $$\sqrt{-1}$$ 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Magit.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Keybinding: [`s`] 3 | 4 | Action: [stage a file] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Keybinding: [`S`] 10 | 11 | Action: [stage all unstaged files] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | Keybinding: [`c`] 17 | 18 | Action: [open the commit menu] 19 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/make.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Automatic variable: [`$@`] 2 | 3 | Expands to: [the target of the rule.] 4 | 5 | --- 6 | 7 | C: Automatic variable: [`$<`] 8 | 9 | Expands to: [the first prerequisite.] 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: Command to invoke `make` with a custom Makefile `m`. 14 | A: `make -f m` 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/MIME.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What does MIME stand for? 2 | A: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: MIME type: HTML. 7 | A: `text/html`. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: MIME type: SVG. 12 | A: `image/svg+xml`. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: MIME type: JPG. 17 | A: `image/jpeg`. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: MIME type: PNG. 22 | A: `image/png`. 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Astronomy.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: $1 ~\text{AU}$ in km. 2 | A: $\approx 150,000,000 ~\text{km}$ 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Earth, radius. 7 | A: $\approx 6380 ~\text{km}$ 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Earth, orbital velocity. 12 | A: $\approx 30 ~\text{km}/\text{s}$ 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Sun, escape velocity at $1 ~\text{AU}$. 17 | A: $\approx 42 ~\text{km}/\text{s}$ 18 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/emacs.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | M-f, forward word 2 | M-b, back word 3 | M-a, go to start of sentence 4 | M-e, go to end of sentence 5 | M-, kill previous word 6 | M-d, kill next word 7 | C-w, cut 8 | M-w, copy 9 | C-y, paste 10 | M-y, paste from kill ring 11 | C-x C-b, list buffers 12 | C-x C-c, quit emacs 13 | C-h x, get help on a command 14 | C-h k, get help on a key 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/nato.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | A, Alpha 2 | B, Bravo 3 | C, Charlie 4 | D, Delta 5 | E, Echo 6 | F, Foxtrot 7 | G, Golf 8 | H, Hotel 9 | I, India 10 | J, Juliett 11 | K, Kilo 12 | L, Lima 13 | M, Mike 14 | N, November 15 | O, Oscar 16 | P, Papa 17 | Q, Quebec 18 | R, Romeo 19 | S, Sierra 20 | T, Tango 21 | U, Uniform 22 | V, Victor 23 | W, Whiskey 24 | X, X-ray 25 | Y, Yankee 26 | Z, Zulu 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Units.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: A mile is [1.6] kilometers. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: A kilometer is [0.6] miles. 6 | 7 | --- 8 | 9 | C: A meter is [3.2] feet. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: A foot is [30.4] centimeters. 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | C: An inch is [2.54] centimeters. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | C: A pound is [0.45] kilograms. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: A kilogram is [2.2] pounds. 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/macros.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | \Q \mathbb{Q} 2 | \C \mathbb{C} 3 | \fact \text{Fact}(#1) 4 | 5 | % units 6 | \micron \text{μm} 7 | \millisievert ~\text{mSv} 8 | 9 | % term rewriting 10 | \starpath \stackrel{*}{\rightarrow} 11 | \lstarpath \stackrel{*}{\leftarrow} 12 | \pluspath \stackrel{+}{\rightarrow} 13 | \conv \stackrel{*}{\leftrightarrow} 14 | \join \downarrow 15 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Emacs.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Keybinding: [`C-x g`] 3 | 4 | Command: [`magit-status`] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Q: Command to launch Emacs in TUI mode. 9 | A: `emacs -nw` 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: What does `emacs -nw` do? 14 | A: Launches Emacs in TUI mode. 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | Q: Prefix for user keybindings. 19 | A: `C-c`. 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | Q: What is `C-c` used for? 24 | A: Custom user keybindings. 25 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Python.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Let `n` be an integer. Write an f-string to render it with leading zeroes, to a minimum width of two characters. 2 | A: `f"{n:02d}"` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Let `n` be an integer. What does the f-string `f"{n:02d}"` do? 7 | A: Writes the number with leading zeroes, to a minimum width of two characters. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: `uv` command to create a `uv.lock` file in the current directory. 12 | A: `uv lock` 13 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Metric Time.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: 1 kilosecond in normal time. 2 | A: ~17 minutes. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: 1 megasecond in normal time. 7 | A: ~11 days. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: 1 gigasecond in normal time. 12 | A: ~31 years. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: 1 terasecond in normal time. 17 | A: ~31,000 years. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: 1 petasecond in normal time. 22 | A: ~31,000,000 years. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: 1 day in kiloseconds. 27 | A: ~86 ksec 28 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Calculus.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Evaluate: $$(\frac{f}{g})'$$ 2 | A: 3 | $$ 4 | \frac{fg' - fg'}{g^2} 5 | $$ 6 | 7 | Q: Evaluate: $$f(g(x))'$$ 8 | A: 9 | $$ 10 | f'(g(x))g'(x) 11 | $$ 12 | 13 | Q: Evaluate: $$\frac{d}{dx}~ c$$ 14 | A: $$0$$ 15 | 16 | Q: Evaluate: $$\frac{d}{dx}~ cf(x)$$ 17 | A: $$c \frac{d}{dx}~ f(x)$$ 18 | 19 | Q: Evaluate: $$\frac{d}{dx}~ \sin(x)$$ 20 | A: $$\cos(x)$$ 21 | 22 | Q: Evaluate: $$\frac{d}{dx}~ \cos(x)$$ 23 | A: $$-\sin(x)$$ 24 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Linguistics.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Term: [idiolect] 3 | 4 | Definition: [The language habits of a particular person.] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Term: [sociolect] 10 | 11 | Definition: [The dialect of a particular group.] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | Term: [acrolect] 17 | 18 | Definition: [The most prestigious dialect of a language.] 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: 23 | Term: [basolect] 24 | 25 | Definition: [The least prestigious dialect of a language.] 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/def.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import csv 2 | import sys 3 | 4 | with open(sys.argv[1]) as stream: 5 | reader = csv.reader(stream, delimiter=",", quotechar='"', skipinitialspace=True) 6 | first = True 7 | for word, definition in reader: 8 | if first: 9 | first = False 10 | else: 11 | print() 12 | print("---") 13 | print() 14 | print(f"Q: {word.strip()}") 15 | print(f"A: {definition.strip()}") 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/expr.tex: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | % Greek alphabet 2 | \Gamma 3 | \gamma 4 | \Delta 5 | \delta 6 | \epsilon 7 | \zeta 8 | \eta 9 | \theta 10 | \iota 11 | \kappa 12 | \Lambda 13 | \mu 14 | \nu 15 | \Xi 16 | \xi 17 | \Pi 18 | \pi 19 | \rho 20 | \Sigma 21 | \sigma 22 | \varsigma 23 | \tau 24 | \phi 25 | \varphi 26 | \chi 27 | \psi 28 | \Omega 29 | \omega 30 | 31 | % logic 32 | \neg 33 | \vdash 34 | \models 35 | 36 | % misc 37 | \approx 38 | \equiv 39 | \pm 40 | \oplus 41 | \N 42 | \Z 43 | \Q 44 | \R 45 | \C 46 | \partial 47 | \emptyset 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/AWS Regions.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Region: [`us-east-2`] 3 | 4 | Location: [Ohio] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Region: [`us-east-1`] 10 | 11 | Location: [Northern Virginia] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | Region: [`us-west-1`] 17 | 18 | Location: [Northern California] 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: 23 | Region: [`us-west-2`] 24 | 25 | Location: [Oregon] 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: 30 | Region: [`eu-west-1`] 31 | 32 | Location: [Ireland] 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | C: 37 | Region: [`eu-west-2`] 38 | 39 | Location: [London] 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/French.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: definite article (masc, singular) 2 | A: le 3 | 4 | Q: definite article (masc, plural) 5 | A: les 6 | 7 | Q: definite article (fem, singular) 8 | A: la 9 | 10 | Q: definite article (fem, plural) 11 | A: les 12 | 13 | Q: definite article before a vowel sound (singular) 14 | A: l' 15 | 16 | Q: indefinite article (masc, singular) 17 | A: un 18 | 19 | Q: indefinite article (fem, singular) 20 | A: une 21 | 22 | Q: indefinite article (masc, plural) 23 | A: des 24 | 25 | Q: indefinite article (plural) 26 | A: des 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Poetry/cassilda.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Cassilda's Song 2 | Robert W. Chambers 3 | 4 | Along the shore the cloud waves break, 5 | The twin suns sink behind the lake, 6 | The shadows lengthen 7 | In Carcosa. 8 | 9 | Strange is the night where black stars rise, 10 | And strange moons circle through the skies 11 | But stranger still is 12 | Lost Carcosa. 13 | 14 | Songs that the Hyades shall sing, 15 | Where flap the tatters of the King, 16 | Must die unheard in 17 | Dim Carcosa. 18 | 19 | Song of my soul, my voice is dead; 20 | Die thou, unsung, as tears unshed 21 | Shall dry and die in 22 | Lost Carcosa. 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Leibniz.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Leibniz, year of birth. 2 | A: 1646 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Leibniz, year of death. 7 | A: 1716 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Leibniz, city of birth. 12 | A: Leipzig. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | C: Leibniz was born in the city of [Leipzig]. 17 | 18 | --- 19 | 20 | Q: Leibniz, city of death. 21 | A: Hanover. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: Leibniz died in the city of [Hanover]. 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | Q: Who said of Leibniz: "When one compares the talents one has with those of a 30 | Leibniz, one is tempted to throw away one's books and go die quietly in the dark 31 | of some forgotten corner". 32 | A: Diderot. 33 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/tex.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import sys 2 | 3 | with open(sys.argv[1], "r") as istream: 4 | with open(sys.argv[2], "w") as ostream: 5 | first: bool = True 6 | for line in istream: 7 | line: str = line.strip() 8 | 9 | if line == "" or line.startswith("%"): 10 | continue 11 | 12 | if first: 13 | first = False 14 | else: 15 | print("", file=ostream) 16 | 17 | print("C:", file=ostream) 18 | print(f"TeX: [`{line}`]", file=ostream) 19 | print("", file=ostream) 20 | print(f"Result: [${line}$]", file=ostream) 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/vocab.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | import csv 2 | import sys 3 | 4 | with open(sys.argv[1]) as stream: 5 | a_key, b_key = stream.readline().split(",") 6 | a_key = a_key.strip() 7 | b_key = b_key.strip() 8 | reader = csv.reader(stream, delimiter=",", quotechar='"', skipinitialspace=True) 9 | first = True 10 | for a, b in reader: 11 | a = a.strip() 12 | b = b.strip() 13 | if first: 14 | first = False 15 | else: 16 | print() 17 | print("---") 18 | print() 19 | print("C:") 20 | print(f"{a_key}: [{a}]") 21 | print() 22 | print(f"{b_key}: [{b}]") 23 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Alexander.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Alexander was born in the year [356] BCE. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | Q: What year was Alexander born? 6 | A: 356 BCE 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | C: Alexander was born in the city of [Pella]. 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | C: Alexander died in the year [323] BCE. 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | Q: What year did Alexander die? 19 | A: 323 BCE 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: Alexander died at the age of [32]. 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | C: Alexander died in the city of [Babylon]. 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | C: Alexander's father was [Philip II]. 32 | 33 | --- 34 | 35 | C: Alexander's mother was [Olympias of Epirus]. 36 | 37 | --- 38 | 39 | C: Alexander was tutored by [Aristotle]. 40 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/fd.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Command: [`fd p`] 2 | 3 | Action: [Search for pattern `p` in the current directory.] 4 | 5 | --- 6 | 7 | C: Command: [`fd p d`] 8 | 9 | Action: [search for pattern `p` in directory `d`.] 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: Command: [`fd -e e`] 14 | 15 | Action: [search for files with extension `e` in the current directory.] 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: Command: [`fd -e e d`] 20 | 21 | Action: [search for files with extension `e` in directory `d`.] 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | Q: Flag for case-insensitive search. 26 | A: `-i` 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | Q: Flag to search only files. 31 | A: `-t f` 32 | 33 | --- 34 | 35 | Q: Flag to search only directories. 36 | A: `-t d` 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/CSS.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Write a CSS rule to disable resizing the `textarea` element. 2 | A: 3 | ``` 4 | textarea { 5 | resize: none; 6 | } 7 | ``` 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Write a CSS rule to only allow vertical resizing of the `textarea` element. 12 | A: 13 | ``` 14 | textarea { 15 | resize: vertical; 16 | } 17 | ``` 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Write a CSS rule to only allow horizontal resizing of the `textarea` element. 22 | A: 23 | ``` 24 | textarea { 25 | resize: horizontal; 26 | } 27 | ``` 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: Write a CSS rule to allow both vertical and horizontal resizing of the `textarea` element. 32 | A: 33 | ``` 34 | textarea { 35 | resize: both; 36 | } 37 | ``` 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/zathura.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title = "Zathura Keybindings" 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: Key: [gg] 6 | 7 | Action: [go to the first page] 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | C: Key: [G] 12 | 13 | Action: [go to the last page] 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | C: Key: [nG] 18 | 19 | Action: [go to the $n$-th page] 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: Key: [a] 24 | 25 | Action: [fit page] 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: Key: [s] 30 | 31 | Action: [fit width] 32 | 33 | --- 34 | 35 | C: Key: [/] 36 | 37 | Action: [search] 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | C: Key: [n] 42 | 43 | Action: [next search result] 44 | 45 | --- 46 | 47 | C: Key: [N] 48 | 49 | Action: [previous search result] 50 | 51 | --- 52 | 53 | C: Key: [q] 54 | 55 | Action: [quit] 56 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Radiation.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Radiation dose: annual background radiation. 2 | A: $3 \millisievert$ 3 | 4 | ([StatPearls](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565909/)) 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Q: Radiation dose: chest x-ray. 9 | A: $0.1 \millisievert$ 10 | 11 | ([StatPearls](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565909/)) 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | Q: Radiation dose: whole-body CT. 16 | A: $10 \millisievert$ 17 | 18 | ([StatPearls](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK565909/)) 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | Q: Radiation dose: CBCT. 23 | A: $0.1 \millisievert$ 24 | 25 | ([IAEA](https://www.iaea.org/resources/rpop/health-professionals/dentistry/radiation-doses), [Clin Adv Periodontics](https://aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cap.10261)) 26 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Regular Expressions.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is the regex for matching digits? 2 | A: `\d` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What character class does the regex `\d` match? 7 | A: Digits 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: What regex matches alphanumeric characters and underscores? 12 | A: `\w` 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: What does the regex `\w` match? 17 | A: Alphanumeric characters plus underscores. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: What does the regex `$` match? 22 | A: The end of a line. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: What is the regex for matching the end of a line? 27 | A: `$` 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: What does the regex `^` match? 32 | A: The start of a line. 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: What is the regex for matching the start of a line? 37 | A: `^` 38 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /README.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # flashcards 2 | 3 | [![check](https://github.com/eudoxia0/flashcards/actions/workflows/check.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/eudoxia0/flashcards/actions/workflows/check.yaml) 4 | 5 | My collection of flashcards, using [hashcards]. 6 | 7 | ## Structure 8 | 9 | - `Cards`: the actual flashcards. 10 | - `Inbox`: decks that are not ready to be learned yet, WIP. 11 | - `Scripts`: scripts to generate flashcards from data sources. 12 | - `Sources`: data sources to generate flashcards. 13 | 14 | ## License 15 | 16 | © 2025 by [Fernando Borretti][fb]. Licensed under [CC BY 4.0][cc]. 17 | 18 | [hashcards]: https://github.com/eudoxia0/hashcards 19 | [fb]: https://borretti.me/ 20 | [cc]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Poetry/po.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Before the land was tamed by industry, 2 | the oceanside resorts and pineapple plantations, 3 | before the cane knife's rust, the dark time of sickness, 4 | the coming of cannons, the bitter waters drunk, 5 | before the metallic salt of blood, the rain emptied 6 | into rivers, the winds carved valleys and mountains, 7 | before the earth spurted fire, birthed islands, 8 | her churning magma and her inner core of iron, 9 | before the stars dwarved, their coronas ignited, 10 | before the centripetal spin of galaxies, 11 | the unwinding gestures of time and space, 12 | before the light and heat- 13 | 14 | There was darkness without breath and Pō, 15 | pressing the entirety of a universe into a shell 16 | the size of an atomic nucleus, waiting. 17 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Poetry/archaic.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Archaic Torso of Apollo 2 | Rilke 3 | 4 | We cannot know his legendary head 5 | with eyes like ripening fruit. And yet his torso 6 | is still suffused with brilliance from inside, 7 | like a lamp, in which his gaze, now turned to low, 8 | 9 | gleams in all its power. Otherwise 10 | the curved breast could not dazzle you so, nor could 11 | a smile run through the placid hips and thighs 12 | to that dark center where procreation flared. 13 | 14 | Otherwise this stone would seem defaced 15 | beneath the translucent cascade of the shoulders 16 | and would not glisten like a wild beast’s fur: 17 | 18 | would not, from all the borders of itself, 19 | burst like a star: for here there is no place 20 | that does not see you. You must change your life. 21 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/indo_vocab.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Indonesian, English 2 | nama, name 3 | saya, I am 4 | dari, from 5 | baik, good 6 | keluarga, family 7 | dokter, doctor 8 | bendera, flag 9 | dia, he/she/it 10 | kita, we (including interlocutor) 11 | kami, we (excluding interlocutor) 12 | buku, book 13 | ya, yes 14 | tidak, no 15 | pagi, morning 16 | hari, day 17 | hotel, hotel 18 | besar, big 19 | air, water 20 | satu, one 21 | dua, two 22 | tiga, three 23 | empat, four 24 | lima, five 25 | enam, six 26 | tujuh, seven 27 | delapan, eight 28 | sembilan, nine 29 | sepuluh, ten 30 | saya, I 31 | anda, "you (singular, formal)" 32 | kamu, "you (singular, informal)" 33 | kamus, dictionary 34 | kopi, coffee 35 | toko, shop 36 | guru, teacher 37 | nasi, rice 38 | mobil, car 39 | selamat datang, welcome 40 | apa, what 41 | kabar, news 42 | mereka, they 43 | pensil, pencil 44 | pena, pen 45 | kertas, paper 46 | mana, where 47 | punya, to have 48 | di luar, outside 49 | teman, friend 50 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Molecular Biology of the Cell.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Term for a molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts 2 | A: Amphiphilic 3 | 4 | Q: Define amphiphilic 5 | A: A molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. 6 | 7 | Q: Term for the boundary the encloses the cell 8 | A: Plasma membrane 9 | 10 | Q: Define plasma membrane 11 | A: The boundary the encloses the cell. 12 | 13 | Q: Define genome 14 | A: The set of all genes in an organism. 15 | 16 | Q: Term for the set of all genes in an organism. 17 | A: Genome 18 | 19 | Q: How many possible codons are there? 20 | A: $$4^3$$ 21 | 22 | Q: Term for a triple of nucleotides. 23 | A: Codon 24 | 25 | Q: Define codon 26 | A: A a triple of nucleotides. 27 | 28 | Q: What is the generic term for either DNA or RNA? 29 | A: Polynucleotide 30 | 31 | Q: Define polynucleotide 32 | A: A molecule of DNA or RNA 33 | 34 | C: 35 | Term: [enzyme] 36 | Definition: [A molecule that catalyzes chemical reactions] 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/FDI Dental Notation.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Quadrant Code: [1] 2 | 3 | Quadrant: [upper right] 4 | 5 | --- 6 | 7 | C: Quadrant Code: [2] 8 | 9 | Quadrant: [upper left] 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: Quadrant Code: [3] 14 | 15 | Quadrant: [lower left] 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: Quadrant Code: [4] 20 | 21 | Quadrant: [lower right] 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: Tooth Code: [1] 26 | 27 | Tooth: [central incisors] 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | C: Tooth Code: [2] 32 | 33 | Tooth: [lateral incisors] 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: Tooth Code: [3] 38 | 39 | Tooth: [canines] 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | C: Tooth Code: [4] 44 | 45 | Tooth: [first premolars] 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | C: Tooth Code: [5] 50 | 51 | Tooth: [second premolars] 52 | 53 | --- 54 | 55 | C: Tooth Code: [6] 56 | 57 | Tooth: [first molars] 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | C: Tooth Code: [7] 62 | 63 | Tooth: [second molars] 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | C: Tooth Code: [8] 68 | 69 | Tooth: [third molars] 70 | 71 | --- 72 | 73 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Cryptography.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What does HMAC stand for? 2 | A: Hash-based Message Authentication Code. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What does MAC stand for? 7 | A: Message authentication code. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: What is a MAC used for? 12 | A: To verify the authorship and integrity of a message contents. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Explain length-extension attacks. 17 | A: Given a susceptible hash function $\mathrm{H}$, and the length of a string $a$, an attacker can calculate $\mathrm{H}(a ~||~ b)$ for arbitrary $b$, without needing to know $a$. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: How can a length-extension attack be used to break a MAC? 22 | A: Given a MAC like $\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{key} ~||~ \mathrm{text})$, if the length of $\mathrm{key}$ is known, an attacker can compute the hash of any message (i.e., sign messages) without knowing $\mathrm{key}$. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | C: Hash functions based on the [Merkle–Damgård] construction are susceptible to length-extension attacks. 27 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Dante.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Dante was born in the year [1265]. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | Q: Dante, year of birth. 6 | A: 1265 7 | 8 | --- 9 | 10 | C: Dante died in the year [1321]. 11 | 12 | --- 13 | 14 | Q: Dante, year of death. 15 | A: 1321 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: Dante was born in the city of [Florence]. 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: Dante died in the city of [Ravenna]. 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | Q: Was Dante a Guelph or a Ghibelline? 28 | A: Guelph 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | Q: What faction did Dante belong to in the Guelph-Ghibelline controversy? 33 | A: He was a Guelph. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | Q: Dante was what kind of Guelph? 38 | A: White Guelph. 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | C: In the Guelph-Ghibelline controversy, the [Guelphs] supported the [Pope]. 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | C: In the Guelph-Ghibelline controversy, the [Ghibellines] supported the [Holy Roman Emperor]. 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | Q: What are the three books of the Divine Comedy? 51 | A: Inferno, Purgatorio, Paradiso. 52 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Pharmacology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Term: [ligand] 3 | 4 | Definition: [A substance that binds to a biomolecule to produce some biological change] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Term: [enteral administration] 10 | 11 | Definition: [Administration of a drug through the intestines, either orally or rectally] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: Oral administration is a subtype of [enteral] administration. 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: Rectal administration is a subtype of [enteral] administration. 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: 24 | Term: [parenteral administration] 25 | 26 | Definition: [Administration of a drug through any route other than the intestines] 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | C: 31 | Term: [intraperitoneal administration] 32 | 33 | Definition: [Administration of a drug into the abdominal cavity] 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: 38 | Term: [bioavailability] 39 | 40 | Definition: [The fraction of a drug administered that reaches circulation] 41 | 42 | --- 43 | 44 | C: 45 | Term: [prodrug] 46 | 47 | Definition: [A drug that is converted into an active metabolite in the body.] 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /.github/workflows/check.yaml: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | name: check 2 | on: push 3 | 4 | jobs: 5 | check: 6 | runs-on: ubuntu-latest 7 | steps: 8 | - name: checkout 9 | uses: actions/checkout@v5 10 | 11 | - name: clone hashcards repo locally 12 | run: git clone https://github.com/eudoxia0/hashcards.git /opt/hashcards 13 | 14 | - name: install hashcards 15 | run: | 16 | make 17 | sudo make install 18 | working-directory: /opt/hashcards 19 | 20 | - run: make 21 | 22 | - name: check for uncommitted changes 23 | run: | 24 | if [[ -n $(git status --porcelain) ]]; then 25 | echo "Error: Generated files are out of date!" 26 | echo "The following files have changes:" 27 | git status --porcelain 28 | echo "" 29 | echo "Please run 'make' locally and commit the updated files." 30 | exit 1 31 | else 32 | echo "Success: All generated files are up to date." 33 | fi 34 | 35 | - name: check card integrity 36 | run: make check 37 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Poets.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: The most famous work of Ferdowsi. 2 | A: The _Shahname_. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Who wrote the _Shahname_? 7 | A: Ferdowsi. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: What does "shahname" mean? 12 | A: "Book of Kings". 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Ferdowsi, year of birth. 17 | A: 940 AD. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Ferdowsi, year of death. 22 | A: Sometime between 1019 AD and 1025 AD. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | C: Ferdowsi died sometime between [1019 AD] and [1025] AD. 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | C: Ferdowsi was born in [940] AD and died sometime between [1019] AD and [1025] AD. 31 | 32 | --- 33 | 34 | Q: The most famous work of Attar. 35 | A: _The Conference of the Birds_. 36 | 37 | --- 38 | 39 | Q: Who wrote _The Conference of the Birds_? 40 | A: Attar. 41 | 42 | --- 43 | 44 | Q: Attar, year of birth. 45 | A: c. 1145 AD. 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | Q: Attar, city of birth. 50 | A: Nishapur. 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | Q: Attar, year of death. 55 | A: 1221 AD. 56 | 57 | --- 58 | 59 | Q: Attar, city of death. 60 | A: Nishapur. 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | Q: How did Attar die? 65 | A: During the Mongol sack of Nishapur. 66 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/History.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Who was Cleomenes I? 2 | A: King of Sparta at the start of the Greco-Persian Wars. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Who was king of Sparta at the start of the Greco-Persian Wars? 7 | A: Cleomenes I 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Who was Aristagoras? 12 | A: The tyrant of Miletus, who incited the Ionian revolt. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Whom did Aristagoras first appeal to for support? 17 | A: Cleomenes, king of Sparta. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Why does Herodotus say that it is easier to fool the many than the few? 22 | A: Aristagoras, the Tyrant of Miletus, first appealed to Cleomenes of Sparta for support. When the king sent him away, he went to Athens, and the Athenians voted for intervention. 23 | 24 | > It seems, then, that it is easier to deceive many than one, for he could not deceive Cleomenes of Lacedaemon, one single man, but thirty thousand Athenians he could. 25 | 26 | --- 27 | 28 | Q: Who was Simon of Cyrene? 29 | A: The man who was compelled by the Roman soldiers to carry the cross of Jesus. 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | Q: How do you pronounce “Simon of Cyrene” in Greek. 34 | A: Simon Kyrenaios. 35 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Powers of Two.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: $2^{2}$ 2 | A: $4$ 3 | 4 | Q: $\log_2 4$ 5 | A: $2$ 6 | 7 | Q: $2^{3}$ 8 | A: $8$ 9 | 10 | Q: $\log_2 8$ 11 | A: $3$ 12 | 13 | Q: $2^{4}$ 14 | A: $16$ 15 | 16 | Q: $\log_2 16$ 17 | A: $4$ 18 | 19 | Q: $2^{5}$ 20 | A: $32$ 21 | 22 | Q: $\log_2 32$ 23 | A: $5$ 24 | 25 | Q: $2^{6}$ 26 | A: $64$ 27 | 28 | Q: $\log_2 64$ 29 | A: $6$ 30 | 31 | Q: $2^{7}$ 32 | A: $128$ 33 | 34 | Q: $\log_2 128$ 35 | A: $7$ 36 | 37 | Q: $2^{8}$ 38 | A: $256$ 39 | 40 | Q: $\log_2 256$ 41 | A: $8$ 42 | 43 | Q: $2^{9}$ 44 | A: $512$ 45 | 46 | Q: $\log_2 512$ 47 | A: $9$ 48 | 49 | Q: $2^{10}$ 50 | A: $1024$ 51 | 52 | Q: $\log_2 1024$ 53 | A: $10$ 54 | 55 | Q: $2^{11}$ 56 | A: $2048$ 57 | 58 | Q: $\log_2 2048$ 59 | A: $11$ 60 | 61 | Q: $2^{12}$ 62 | A: $4096$ 63 | 64 | Q: $\log_2 4096$ 65 | A: $12$ 66 | 67 | Q: $2^{13}$ 68 | A: $8192$ 69 | 70 | Q: $\log_2 8192$ 71 | A: $13$ 72 | 73 | Q: $2^{14}$ 74 | A: $16384$ 75 | 76 | Q: $\log_2 16384$ 77 | A: $14$ 78 | 79 | Q: $2^{15}$ 80 | A: $32768$ 81 | 82 | Q: $\log_2 32768$ 83 | A: $15$ 84 | 85 | Q: $2^{16}$ 86 | A: $65536$ 87 | 88 | Q: $\log_2 65536$ 89 | A: $16$ 90 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Sowa Knowledge Representation.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | title = "Sowa's Knowledge Representation" 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: In the Aristotelian syllogism: 6 | 7 | 1. All men are mortal. 8 | 2. All Greeks are men. 9 | 3. All Greeks are mortal. 10 | 11 | The first line is called the [major premise]. 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: In the Aristotelian syllogism: 16 | 17 | 1. All men are mortal. 18 | 2. All Greeks are men. 19 | 3. All Greeks are mortal. 20 | 21 | The second line is called the [minor premise]. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: In the Aristotelian syllogism: 26 | 27 | 1. All men are mortal. 28 | 2. All Greeks are men. 29 | 3. All Greeks are mortal. 30 | 31 | The third line is called the [conclusion]. 32 | 33 | --- 34 | 35 | C: In the Aristotelian syllogism: 36 | 37 | 1. All men are mortal. 38 | 2. All Greeks are men. 39 | 3. All Greeks are mortal. 40 | 41 | The first two lines are called the [premises]. 42 | 43 | --- 44 | 45 | Q: Who invented the _Characteristica Universalis_? 46 | A: Leibniz. 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | C: Term: [existential-conjunctive logic] 51 | 52 | Definition: [the subset of logical expressions with only $\exists$ and $\land$.] 53 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Neuroscience.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: How many Brodmann areas are there? 2 | A: 52 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Name the four lobes of the cerebral cortex. 7 | A: Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | C: The [peaks] of the brain's folds are called [gyri]. 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: The [valleys] of the brain's folds are called [sulci]. 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: Speech is [understood] in [Wernicke's] area. 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: Speech is [produced] in [Broca's] area. 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | Q: Where is speech understood? 28 | A: Wernicke's area. 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | Q: Where is speech produced? 33 | A: Broca's area. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | Q: How does conduction aphasia present? 38 | A: Inability to repeat words. 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | C: The hallmark symptom of [conduction] aphasia is an inability to [repeat] words. 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: What are the two types of cell in the nervous system? 47 | A: Neurons and glia. 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: What are the two types of glial cells? 52 | A: Macroglia and microglia. 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: What are microglia? 57 | A: Macrophages that provide immune defense in the CNS. 58 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Werewolf The Apocalypse.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | --- 2 | name = "Werewolf: The Apocalypse" 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: 6 | Term: [garou] 7 | 8 | Definition: [in-universe term for werewolves.] 9 | 10 | --- 11 | 12 | C: 13 | Term: [auspice] 14 | 15 | Definition: [the phase of the moon under which a particular garou was born.] 16 | 17 | --- 18 | 19 | C: 20 | Term: [bawn] 21 | 22 | Definition: [the boundary area around a caern.] 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | C: 27 | Term: [cub] 28 | 29 | Definition: [a newly-changed garou who has not passed his Rite of Passage.] 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | C: 34 | Term: [Helios] 35 | 36 | Definition: [the garou name for the Sun.] 37 | 38 | --- 39 | 40 | C: 41 | Term: [The Umbra] 42 | 43 | Definition: [the spirit world.] 44 | 45 | --- 46 | 47 | C: 48 | Term: [crinos] 49 | 50 | Definition: [the war-form of the garou.] 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | C: 55 | Term: [reaching] 56 | 57 | Definition: [traveling into the spirit world.] 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | C: 62 | Term: [stepping sideways] 63 | 64 | Definition: [slang for entering the spirit world.] 65 | 66 | --- 67 | 68 | C: 69 | Term: [throat (v.)] 70 | 71 | Definition: [to best another in ritual combat.] 72 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/fdi.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | """ 2 | Generate flashcards for FDI notatation. 3 | """ 4 | 5 | QUADRANTS: list[tuple[int, str]] = [ 6 | (1, "upper right"), 7 | (2, "upper left"), 8 | (3, "lower left"), 9 | (4, "lower right"), 10 | ] 11 | 12 | TEETH: list[tuple[int, str]] = [ 13 | (1, "central incisors"), 14 | (2, "lateral incisors"), 15 | (3, "canines"), 16 | (4, "first premolars"), 17 | (5, "second premolars"), 18 | (6, "first molars"), 19 | (7, "second molars"), 20 | (8, "third molars"), 21 | ] 22 | 23 | for c, n in QUADRANTS: 24 | print(f"C: Quadrant Code: [{c}]") 25 | print() 26 | print(f"Quadrant: [{n}]") 27 | print() 28 | print("---") 29 | print() 30 | 31 | for c, n in TEETH: 32 | print(f"C: Tooth Code: [{c}]") 33 | print() 34 | print(f"Tooth: [{n}]") 35 | print() 36 | print("---") 37 | print() 38 | 39 | # for qc, qn in QUADRANTS: 40 | # for tc, tn in TEETH: 41 | # print(f"C: FDI Notation: [{qc}{tc}]") 42 | # print() 43 | # print(f"Tooth: [{qn} {tn}]") 44 | # if not (qc == 4 and tc == 8): 45 | # print() 46 | # print("---") 47 | # print() 48 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Electricity.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is electric charge? 2 | A: A property of an object that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electric field. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What are the possible values of electric charge? 7 | A: Any integer multiple of the fundamental charge $e$. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: What is an object with zero net charge called? 12 | A: Neutral. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: What is the electric force? 17 | A: The force that charged particles exert on one another. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: How do we calculate the force between two charged particles? 22 | A: Using Coulomb's Law. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: What is Coulomb's constant? 27 | A: The proportionality constant of the electric force. 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: What is the electric field? 32 | A: A vector field of the force vector that a $1C$ particle would experience at a given coordinate. 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: What does the electric field around a positive charge look like? 37 | A: The vectors all point away, with magnitude decreasing with distance. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: What does the electric field around a negative charge look like? 42 | A: The vectors all point inward, with magnitude decreasing with distance. 43 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/NATO Phonetic Alphabet.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: A 2 | A: Alpha 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: B 7 | A: Bravo 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: C 12 | A: Charlie 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: D 17 | A: Delta 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: E 22 | A: Echo 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: F 27 | A: Foxtrot 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: G 32 | A: Golf 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: H 37 | A: Hotel 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: I 42 | A: India 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: J 47 | A: Juliett 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: K 52 | A: Kilo 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: L 57 | A: Lima 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: M 62 | A: Mike 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: N 67 | A: November 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: O 72 | A: Oscar 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: P 77 | A: Papa 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: Q 82 | A: Quebec 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | Q: R 87 | A: Romeo 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | Q: S 92 | A: Sierra 93 | 94 | --- 95 | 96 | Q: T 97 | A: Tango 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | Q: U 102 | A: Uniform 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | Q: V 107 | A: Victor 108 | 109 | --- 110 | 111 | Q: W 112 | A: Whiskey 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | Q: X 117 | A: X-ray 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | Q: Y 122 | A: Yankee 123 | 124 | --- 125 | 126 | Q: Z 127 | A: Zulu 128 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/typst.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: How do you pronounce typst? 2 | A: /taipst/ 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: File extension. 7 | A: `.typ` 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Executable name. 12 | A: `typst` 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Command to compile `doc.typ` into `doc.pdf`. 17 | A: `typst compile doc.typ doc.pdf` 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Syntax: h1 heading. 22 | A: `= I'm a heading` 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: Syntax: italics. 27 | A: `_italics_` 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: Syntax: bold. 32 | A: `*bold*` 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: Marker for unordered lists. 37 | A: `-` 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: Marker for ordered lists. 42 | A: `+` 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: Syntax: image. 47 | A: `#image("foo.jpg")` 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: Syntax: generate `n` words of lorem ipsum text. 52 | A: `#lorem(n)` 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: Syntax: document title. 57 | A: `#title[I'm a document!]` 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: Syntax: define a variable `v` with a value `e`. 62 | A: `#let v = e` 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: Syntax: embed a variable `v`. 67 | A: `#v` 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: Syntax: link to a URL `u` with text `t`. 72 | A: `#link(u)[t]` 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: Syntax: single-line comment. 77 | A: `//` 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: Syntax: multi-line comment. 82 | A: `/* ... */` 83 | 84 | --- 85 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Poetry/ecclesiastes12.txt: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | 1. Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when thou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them; 2 | 3 | 2. While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain: 4 | 5 | 3. In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened, 6 | 7 | 4. And the doors shall be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, and he shall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the daughters of musick shall be brought low; 8 | 9 | 5. Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: 10 | 11 | 6. Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern. 12 | 13 | 7. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it. 14 | 15 | 8. Vanity of vanities, saith the preacher; all is vanity. 16 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Geology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Term: [lithosphere] 3 | 4 | Definition: [The rigid outermost layer of the Earth.] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Term: [asthenosphere] 10 | 11 | Definition: [The ductile layer of the Earth's upper mantle.] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | Q: What is a tectonic plate? 16 | A: A segment of the lithosphere that floats on the asthenosphere. 17 | 18 | --- 19 | 20 | Q: Where does most geological activity happen? 21 | A: At plate boundaries. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: 26 | Term: [plate boundary] 27 | 28 | Definition: [The zones where tectonic plates meet.] 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | Q: What are the three types of plate boundary? 33 | A: Convergent, divergent, transform. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: At a [convergent] boundary, the two plates [move closer together]. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | C: At a [divergent] boundary, the two plates [move apart]. 42 | 43 | --- 44 | 45 | C: At a [transform] boundary, the two plates [slide past each other]. 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | Q: What is oceanic crust made out of? 50 | A: Basalt. 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | Q: What is continental crust made out of? 55 | A: Granite. 56 | 57 | --- 58 | 59 | C: [Oceanic] crust is made of [basalt]. 60 | 61 | --- 62 | 63 | C: [Continental] crust is made of [granite]. 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | Q: What is the Earth's core made out of? 68 | A: Iron and nickel. 69 | 70 | --- 71 | 72 | Q: What is the temperature of the Earth's core? 73 | A: 6000 C. 74 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Molecular Neuropharmacology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Term: [psychotropic drug] 3 | 4 | Definition: [A drug that influences behaviour] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Q: How many neurons are there in the human brain? 9 | A: ~80 billion. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: Why do antidepressants take time to work? 14 | A: Because the therapeutic benefit is caused by long-term brain adaptation to the change in neurotransmitter activity. 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | Q: How many serotonergic neurons are there in the human brain? 19 | A: ~200,000 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | Q: How do SSRIs work? 24 | A: SSRIs inhibit SERT and increase serotonin activity. 25 | 26 | --- 27 | 28 | C: 29 | Term: [Allosteric regulation] 30 | 31 | Definition: [The changing of a protein's activity by a ligand binding somewhere other than the protein's active site.] 32 | 33 | --- 34 | 35 | C: 36 | Term: [Agonist] 37 | 38 | Definition: [A ligand that binds to a receptor and activates it.] 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | C: 43 | Term: [Partial Agonist] 44 | 45 | Definition: [A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it slightly.] 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | C: 50 | Term: [Antagonist] 51 | 52 | Definition: [A ligand that binds to a receptor and remains inert, blocking the action of agonist ligands.] 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | C: 57 | Term: [Inverse agonist] 58 | 59 | Definition: [A drug that binds to a receptor and produces an effect opposite to that of an agonist.] 60 | 61 | --- 62 | 63 | C: In the nervous system, [electrical] communication happens [within] neurons. 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | C: In the nervous system, [chemical] communication happens [between] neurons. 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: What's the width of a synaptic cleft? 72 | A: 20 to 40 nanometers. 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: How many synapses are there in a human brain? 77 | A: ~100 trillion 78 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Makefile: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | AWS := Cards/AWS\ Regions.md 2 | AWS_SRC := Sources/aws.csv 3 | DEF_PY := Scripts/def.py 4 | ENG := Cards/English\ Vocabulary.md 5 | ENG_SRC := Sources/english_vocab.csv 6 | FDI := Cards/FDI\ Dental\ Notation.md 7 | FDI_PY := Scripts/fdi.py 8 | INDO_VOCAB := Cards/Indonesian\ Vocabulary.md 9 | INDO_VOCAB_SRC := Sources/indo_vocab.csv 10 | NATO := Cards/NATO\ Phonetic\ Alphabet.md 11 | NATO_SRC := Sources/nato.csv 12 | PERSIAN := Cards/Persian\ Alphabet.md 13 | PERSIAN_PY := Scripts/persian.py 14 | POW := Cards/Powers\ of\ Two.md 15 | POW_PY := Scripts/pow2.py 16 | PY := python3 17 | STATS := stats.json 18 | TEX_OUT := Cards/TeX.md 19 | TEX_PY := Scripts/tex.py 20 | TEX_SRC := Sources/expr.tex 21 | VOCAB_PY := Scripts/vocab.py 22 | 23 | TARGETS := $(AWS) $(ENG) $(INDO_VOCAB) $(NATO) $(PERSIAN) $(POW) $(STATS) $(TEX_OUT) $(FDI) 24 | 25 | .PHONY: all check drill stats clean 26 | 27 | all: $(TARGETS) 28 | 29 | $(AWS): $(AWS_SRC) $(VOCAB_PY) 30 | $(PY) $(VOCAB_PY) $(AWS_SRC) > $(AWS) 31 | 32 | $(ENG): $(ENG_SRC) $(DEF_PY) 33 | $(PY) $(DEF_PY) $(ENG_SRC) > $(ENG) 34 | 35 | $(FDI): $(FDI_PY) 36 | $(PY) $(FDI_PY) > $(FDI) 37 | 38 | $(INDO_VOCAB): $(INDO_VOCAB_SRC) $(VOCAB_PY) 39 | $(PY) $(VOCAB_PY) $(INDO_VOCAB_SRC) > $(INDO_VOCAB) 40 | 41 | $(NATO): $(NATO_SRC) $(DEF_PY) 42 | $(PY) $(DEF_PY) $(NATO_SRC) > $(NATO) 43 | 44 | $(PERSIAN): $(PERSIAN_PY) 45 | $(PY) $(PERSIAN_PY) > $(PERSIAN) 46 | 47 | $(POW): $(POW_PY) 48 | $(PY) $(POW_PY) > $(POW) 49 | 50 | $(STATS): Cards/**.md 51 | hashcards stats Cards --format=json > $(STATS) 52 | 53 | $(TEX_OUT): $(TEX_PY) $(TEX_SRC) 54 | $(PY) $(TEX_PY) $(TEX_SRC) $(TEX_OUT) 55 | 56 | check: 57 | hashcards check Cards 58 | 59 | drill: 60 | hashcards drill Cards --card-limit=50 61 | 62 | stats: 63 | hashcards stats Cards --format=json 64 | 65 | clean: 66 | rm -f $(TARGETS) 67 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Logic.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What's the difference between a sentence that is a tautology, and a sentence that is satisfiable? 2 | 3 | A: Tautology: true for all assignments. 4 | 5 | Satisfiable: true for some assignment. 6 | 7 | --- 8 | 9 | C: Term: [equiconsistent] 10 | 11 | Definition: [two mathematical theories are called this if the consistency of one implies that of the other.] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | Q: What does it mean that two mathematical theories are equiconsistent? 16 | A: The consistency of one implies the consistency of the other. 17 | 18 | --- 19 | 20 | Q: _Modus ponens_ is the elimination rule for which logical connective? 21 | A: Implication. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: Introduction elimination is also called [_modus ponens_]. 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: _Modus ponens_ is also called [implication elimination]. 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | Q: Write _modus ponens_ in sequent notation. 34 | A: $P \implies Q, P \vdash Q$ 35 | 36 | --- 37 | 38 | Q: Write _modus tollens_ in sequent notation. 39 | A: $P \implies Q, \neg Q \vdash \neg P$ 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | Q: What is the name of this inference rule? 44 | 45 | $$P \implies Q, P \vdash Q$$ 46 | 47 | A: _Modus ponens_. 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: What is the name of this inference rule? 52 | 53 | $$P \implies Q, \neg Q \vdash \neg P$$ 54 | 55 | A: _Modus tollens_. 56 | 57 | --- 58 | 59 | Q: What is the contrapositive of $P \implies Q$? 60 | A: $\neg Q \implies \neg P$ 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | Q: State Gödel's first incompleteness theorem. 65 | A: Any consistent formal system that contains arithmetic has semantically true statements which cannot be proven within the system. 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | Q: State Gödel's second incompleteness theorem. 70 | A: The consistency of a consistent formal system that contains arithmetic cannot be proven by arguments formalizable within the system. 71 | 72 | --- 73 | 74 | Q: What kind of systems do Gödel's incompleteness theorems apply to? 75 | A: Consistent, recursively enumerable formal systems that contain arithmetic. 76 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Indonesian.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: The `e` is generally pronounced like [the schwa sound]. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: The `c` is pronounced like English [`ch`]. 6 | 7 | --- 8 | 9 | C: Word-final `k` is pronounced [silent]. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: `sy` is pronounced like English [`sh`]. 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | C: Stress goes on the [penultimate] syllable. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: first-person pronoun 22 | A: saya 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: Literal translation of _bapak_ 27 | A: father 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: Literal translation of _ibu_ 32 | A: mother 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: Term of address for an adult male 37 | A: bapak 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: Term of address for an adult woman 42 | A: ibu 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | C: The [informal] version of [anda] is [kamu]. 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | C: The [formal] version of [kamu] is [anda]. 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | C: [kita] means "we" and [includes] the interlocutor. 55 | 56 | --- 57 | 58 | C: [kami] means "we" and [excludes] the interlocutor. 59 | 60 | --- 61 | 62 | Q: What's the difference between _sudah_ and _sedang_? 63 | A: _sudah_: already 64 | 65 | _sedang_: currently 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | Q: Count to ten in Indonesian. 70 | A: Satu, dua, tiga, empat, lima, enam, tujuh, delapan, sembilan, sepuluh. 71 | 72 | --- 73 | 74 | C: Number: [1] 75 | 76 | Indonesian: [satu] 77 | 78 | --- 79 | 80 | C: Number: [2] 81 | 82 | Indonesian: [dua] 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | C: Number: [3] 87 | 88 | Indonesian: [tiga] 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | C: Number: [4] 93 | 94 | Indonesian: [empat] 95 | 96 | --- 97 | 98 | C: Number: [5] 99 | 100 | Indonesian: [lima] 101 | 102 | --- 103 | 104 | C: Number: [6] 105 | 106 | Indonesian: [enam] 107 | 108 | --- 109 | 110 | C: Number: [7] 111 | 112 | Indonesian: [tujuh] 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | C: Number: [8] 117 | 118 | Indonesian: [delapan] 119 | 120 | --- 121 | 122 | C: Number: [9] 123 | 124 | Indonesian: [sembilan] 125 | 126 | --- 127 | 128 | C: Number: [10] 129 | 130 | Indonesian: [sepuluh] 131 | 132 | --- 133 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Electricity.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is the equation for Coulomb's Law? 2 | A: Given two charges $q_1$ and $q_2$, separated by $d$, the magnitude of the electric force between them is: 3 | 4 | $$ 5 | F = \frac{k_e q_1 q_2}{d^2} 6 | $$ 7 | 8 | where $k_e$ is Coulomb's constant. 9 | 10 | Q: What is electric potential? 11 | A: Electric potential at a point $P$ is the amount of work done bringing a $1C$ charge from infinity (where potential is zero) to $P$ in an electric field. 12 | 13 | Q: What is electric potential measured in? 14 | A: Volts. 15 | 16 | Q: What is voltage in terms of potential? 17 | A: The difference in electric potential between two points. 18 | 19 | Q: What is the term for the difference in electric potential between two points? 20 | A: Voltage. 21 | 22 | Q: What is the unit of voltage? 23 | A: The volt. 24 | 25 | C: A voltage exists whenever [positive and negative charges are separated]. 26 | 27 | Q: What is resistance? 28 | A: A measure of how much an object impedes the flow of electric current. 29 | 30 | Q: What is the symbol of resistance? 31 | A: $$\Omega$$ 32 | 33 | Q: What is the unit of resistance? 34 | A: The ohm. 35 | 36 | Q: What is resistance a function of? 37 | A: The material, shape, and size of an object. 38 | 39 | Q: What is resistivity? 40 | A: An intrinsic property of a material that determines how much it resists electric current. 41 | 42 | Q: What is the symbol for resistivity? 43 | A: $$\rho$$ 44 | 45 | Q: What is the unit of resistivity? 46 | A: $$\Omega \times m$$ 47 | 48 | Q: What is the unit of conductance? 49 | A: The siemens (S). 50 | 51 | Q: What is conductivity? 52 | A: The reciprocal of resistivity. 53 | 54 | Q: What is the equation form of Ohm's Law? 55 | A: 56 | $$ 57 | I = \frac{V}{R} 58 | $$ 59 | 60 | Current is voltage divided by resistance. 61 | 62 | Q: What is the Coulomb constant analogous to? 63 | A: The gravitational constant. 64 | 65 | Q: What is voltage in terms of work? 66 | A: The amount of work done when a $1C$ particle moves from $A$ to $B$. 67 | 68 | Q: What is the term for the amount of work done when a $1C$ particle moves from $A$ to $B$? 69 | A: Voltage. 70 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Greek Mythology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Oedipus, wife. 2 | A: Jocasta 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Children of Oedipus and Jocasta. 7 | A: Antigone, Ismene, Eteocles, Polynices. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Sister of Antigone 12 | A: Ismene 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: Sister of Ismene 17 | A: Antigone 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Wife of Creon 22 | A: Eurydice 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: Son of Creon 27 | A: Haemon 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: Father of Haemon 32 | A: Creon 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: Whom did Antigone want to bury? 37 | A: Polynices. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: Who wrote the three Theban plays? 42 | A: Sophocles. 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: What are the three Theban plays? 47 | A: _Antigone_, _Oedipus Rex_, _Oedipus at Colonus_. 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: Sort the three Theban plays into narrative order. 52 | A: _Oedipus Rex_, _Oedipus at Colonus_, _Antigone_. 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: Sort the three Theban plays into publication order. 57 | A: _Antigone_, _Oedipus Rex_, _Oedipus at Colonus_. 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: In _Antigone_, Tiresias speaks of the "gods below the earth". What does this refer to? 62 | A: The cthonic deities. 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: What is the "suspect passage" in _Antigone_? 67 | A: The passage where Antigone says she would not have defied the laws for a child or a husband. 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: What is the evidence that the suspect passage in _Antigone_ is real, and not a later interpolation? 72 | A: Aristotle, in his _Rhetoric_, quotes the passage. 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: Why does Antigone, in the suspect passage, say she would not have defied Creon for a husband or child? 77 | A: Because with both parents dead, a brother is irreplaceable, but a husband and child can be replaced. 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: Antigone's suspect passage resembles a story from Herodotus. Which is it? 82 | A: The story of the wife of Intaphrenes. 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | Q: Tell the story of the wife of Intaphrenes. 87 | A: When Darius executed Intaphrenes and his entire family, his wife was given the choice of sparing either her brother or her son. She chose her brother, because a husband and child can be replaced. Darius, impressed by her reasoning, spared the lives of both brother and son. 88 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Lean.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: File extension. 2 | A: `.lean` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Type specifier, booleans. 7 | A: `Bool` 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: True constant. 12 | A: `true` 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: False constant. 17 | A: `false` 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: Type specifier, natural numbers. 22 | A: `Nat` 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: Type specifier, integers. 27 | A: `Int` 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: Type specifier, strings. 32 | A: `String` 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: Syntax: assert that expression `e` has type `t`. 37 | A: `(e : t)` 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: Syntax: evaluate an expression `e` and print its value. 42 | A: `#eval e` 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: Syntax: check that an expression `e` has type `t`, without evaluating it. 47 | A: `#check (e : t)` 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: Syntax: define a variable `v` of type `t`, with a value `e`. 52 | A: `def v: t := e` 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: Define a function `sq` that returns the square of a natural number. 57 | A: `def sq (n: Nat): Nat := n * n` 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: Keyword for structure declarations. 62 | A: `structure` 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: Define a structure `Coord` with fields `x`, `y` of type `Float`. 67 | A: 68 | ``` 69 | structure Coord where 70 | x : Float 71 | y : Float 72 | ``` 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: Syntax: structure literal assigning a singleton field `x` a value of `e`. 77 | A: `{ x := e }` 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: Syntax: update a struct `s` so that field `x` has a new value `e`. 82 | A: `{ s with x := e }` 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | Q: Why are recursive sum types called inductive data types? 87 | A: Because mathematical induction can be used to prove theorems about them. 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | Q: Keyword for inductive datatype declarations. 92 | A: `inductive` 93 | 94 | --- 95 | 96 | Q: Define the `Bool` type. 97 | A: 98 | ``` 99 | inductive Bool where 100 | | false : Bool 101 | | true : Bool 102 | ``` 103 | 104 | 105 | --- 106 | 107 | Q: Define the `Nat` type. 108 | A: 109 | ``` 110 | inductive Nat where 111 | | zero : Nat 112 | | succ (n : Nat) : Nat 113 | ``` 114 | 115 | --- 116 | 117 | Q: Name of the logical not function. 118 | A: `Bool.not` 119 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Nautical Terminology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: Term: [spar] 2 | 3 | Definition: [a pole that supports a sail.] 4 | 5 | --- 6 | 7 | C: Term: [mast] 8 | 9 | Definition: [a tall, vertical spar.] 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: A mast is a type of [spar]. 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | C: Term: [yard] 18 | 19 | Definition: [a horizontal spar attached to a mast, running perpendicular to the ship's length.] 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: A yard is a type of [spar]. 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | C: Term: [boom] 28 | 29 | Definition: [a horizontal spar attached to the base of a mast that runs aft.] 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | C: A boom is a type of [spar]. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: Term: [rigging] 38 | 39 | Definition: [the structures that support and control the sails on a ship.] 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | C: Term: [guy wire] 44 | 45 | Definition: [a tensioned cable that stabilizes a spar.] 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | C: Term: [stay] 50 | 51 | Definition: [a guy wire that runs fore-and-aft and which stabilizes the mast.] 52 | 53 | --- 54 | 55 | C: Term: [shroud] 56 | 57 | Definition: [a guy wire that runs perpendicular to the ship and which stabilizes the mast.] 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | C: Term: [fore-and-aft] 62 | 63 | Definition: [the axis parallel to the keel, that is, from bow to stern.] 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | C: Term: [athwartships] 68 | 69 | Definition: [the axis from port to starboard.] 70 | 71 | --- 72 | 73 | C: Term: [port] 74 | 75 | Definition: [the left side of a vessel when facing the bow.] 76 | 77 | --- 78 | 79 | C: Term: [starboard] 80 | 81 | Definition: [the right side of a vessel when facing the bow]. 82 | 83 | --- 84 | 85 | Q: How do you say "port" in Spanish? 86 | A: babor 87 | 88 | --- 89 | 90 | Q: How do you say "starboard" in Spanish? 91 | A: estribor 92 | 93 | --- 94 | 95 | C: Term: [bow] 96 | 97 | Definition: [the front part of a ship.] 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | C: Term: [stern] 102 | 103 | Definition: [the rear part of a ship.] 104 | 105 | --- 106 | 107 | C: Term: [fore] 108 | 109 | Definition: [the direction towards the front of a ship.] 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | C: Term: [aft] 114 | 115 | Definition: [the direction towards the back of a ship.] 116 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/french_vocab.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | # Preface 2 | bonjour; good morning 3 | bonsoir; good evening 4 | bonne nuit; good night 5 | comment allez-vous?; how are you? 6 | très bien, merci; I'm fine, thanks. 7 | pas mal, merci; not bad, thanks. 8 | comme ci, comme ça; so-so 9 | 10 | # Part 1, Chapter 1 11 | le chat; the cat 12 | le chien; the dog 13 | le cinéma; the cinema 14 | le cours; the course 15 | le football; soccer 16 | le frère; the brother 17 | le garçon; the boy 18 | le livre; the book 19 | le téléphone; the telephone 20 | le vin; the wine 21 | la banque; the bank 22 | la boutique; the store 23 | la chemise; the shirt 24 | la femme; the woman/wife 25 | la fille; the girl 26 | la lampe; the lamp 27 | la langue; the language 28 | la sœur; the sister 29 | la table; the table 30 | la voiture; the car 31 | la chaleur; heat 32 | la croix; the cross 33 | la distraction; the amusement 34 | la fleur; the flower 35 | la fois; the occasion 36 | la forêt; the forest 37 | la fourmi; the ant 38 | la main; the hand 39 | la nuit; the night 40 | la radio; the radio 41 | l'ami (m.); the friend (m.) 42 | l’amie (f.); the friend (f.) 43 | l’anglais (m.); English (language) 44 | l’emploi (m.); the job 45 | l’énergie (f.); energy 46 | l’enfant; the child 47 | l’histoire (f.); the story/history 48 | l’homme (m.); the man 49 | l’hôtel (m.); the hotel 50 | l’île (f.); the island 51 | l’orange (f.); the orange (fruit) 52 | l’université (f.); the university 53 | l’usine (f.); the factory 54 | la fenêtre (f.); the window 55 | l’âge (m.); age 56 | l’horloge (f.); the clock 57 | la peau; skin 58 | le silence; silence 59 | l'eau (f.); water 60 | le tennis; tennis 61 | le jazz; jazz 62 | le basket-ball; basketball 63 | la pizza; the pizza 64 | l’Allemand; the German (m.) 65 | l’Allemande; the German (f.) 66 | l’Américain; the American (m.) 67 | l’Américaine; the American (f.) 68 | l’ami; the friend (m.) 69 | l’amie; the friend (f.) 70 | l’étudiant; the student (m.) 71 | l’étudiante; the student (f.) 72 | le Français; the Frenchman 73 | la Française; the Frenchwoman 74 | l’auteur (m.); the author 75 | la personne; the person 76 | l’écrivain (m.) the writer 77 | le professeur; the teacher 78 | l’ingénieur (m.); the engineer 79 | la sentinelle; the guard 80 | le médecin; the physician 81 | la victime; the victim 82 | le journaliste; the journalist (m.) 83 | la journaliste; the journalist (f.) 84 | le secrétaire; the secretary (m.) 85 | la secrétaire; the secretary (f.) 86 | le touriste; the tourist (m.) 87 | la touriste; the tourist (f.) 88 | 89 | % Heliopolis 90 | la pièce était obscure; the room was dark 91 | la pièce était bercée d’un roulis léger; the room was rocked by a light rolling 92 | plafond; ceiling 93 | a spark; une étincelle 94 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/TeX.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | TeX: [`\Gamma`] 3 | 4 | Result: [$\Gamma$] 5 | 6 | C: 7 | TeX: [`\gamma`] 8 | 9 | Result: [$\gamma$] 10 | 11 | C: 12 | TeX: [`\Delta`] 13 | 14 | Result: [$\Delta$] 15 | 16 | C: 17 | TeX: [`\delta`] 18 | 19 | Result: [$\delta$] 20 | 21 | C: 22 | TeX: [`\epsilon`] 23 | 24 | Result: [$\epsilon$] 25 | 26 | C: 27 | TeX: [`\zeta`] 28 | 29 | Result: [$\zeta$] 30 | 31 | C: 32 | TeX: [`\eta`] 33 | 34 | Result: [$\eta$] 35 | 36 | C: 37 | TeX: [`\theta`] 38 | 39 | Result: [$\theta$] 40 | 41 | C: 42 | TeX: [`\iota`] 43 | 44 | Result: [$\iota$] 45 | 46 | C: 47 | TeX: [`\kappa`] 48 | 49 | Result: [$\kappa$] 50 | 51 | C: 52 | TeX: [`\Lambda`] 53 | 54 | Result: [$\Lambda$] 55 | 56 | C: 57 | TeX: [`\mu`] 58 | 59 | Result: [$\mu$] 60 | 61 | C: 62 | TeX: [`\nu`] 63 | 64 | Result: [$\nu$] 65 | 66 | C: 67 | TeX: [`\Xi`] 68 | 69 | Result: [$\Xi$] 70 | 71 | C: 72 | TeX: [`\xi`] 73 | 74 | Result: [$\xi$] 75 | 76 | C: 77 | TeX: [`\Pi`] 78 | 79 | Result: [$\Pi$] 80 | 81 | C: 82 | TeX: [`\pi`] 83 | 84 | Result: [$\pi$] 85 | 86 | C: 87 | TeX: [`\rho`] 88 | 89 | Result: [$\rho$] 90 | 91 | C: 92 | TeX: [`\Sigma`] 93 | 94 | Result: [$\Sigma$] 95 | 96 | C: 97 | TeX: [`\sigma`] 98 | 99 | Result: [$\sigma$] 100 | 101 | C: 102 | TeX: [`\varsigma`] 103 | 104 | Result: [$\varsigma$] 105 | 106 | C: 107 | TeX: [`\tau`] 108 | 109 | Result: [$\tau$] 110 | 111 | C: 112 | TeX: [`\phi`] 113 | 114 | Result: [$\phi$] 115 | 116 | C: 117 | TeX: [`\varphi`] 118 | 119 | Result: [$\varphi$] 120 | 121 | C: 122 | TeX: [`\chi`] 123 | 124 | Result: [$\chi$] 125 | 126 | C: 127 | TeX: [`\psi`] 128 | 129 | Result: [$\psi$] 130 | 131 | C: 132 | TeX: [`\Omega`] 133 | 134 | Result: [$\Omega$] 135 | 136 | C: 137 | TeX: [`\omega`] 138 | 139 | Result: [$\omega$] 140 | 141 | C: 142 | TeX: [`\neg`] 143 | 144 | Result: [$\neg$] 145 | 146 | C: 147 | TeX: [`\vdash`] 148 | 149 | Result: [$\vdash$] 150 | 151 | C: 152 | TeX: [`\models`] 153 | 154 | Result: [$\models$] 155 | 156 | C: 157 | TeX: [`\approx`] 158 | 159 | Result: [$\approx$] 160 | 161 | C: 162 | TeX: [`\equiv`] 163 | 164 | Result: [$\equiv$] 165 | 166 | C: 167 | TeX: [`\pm`] 168 | 169 | Result: [$\pm$] 170 | 171 | C: 172 | TeX: [`\oplus`] 173 | 174 | Result: [$\oplus$] 175 | 176 | C: 177 | TeX: [`\N`] 178 | 179 | Result: [$\N$] 180 | 181 | C: 182 | TeX: [`\Z`] 183 | 184 | Result: [$\Z$] 185 | 186 | C: 187 | TeX: [`\Q`] 188 | 189 | Result: [$\Q$] 190 | 191 | C: 192 | TeX: [`\R`] 193 | 194 | Result: [$\R$] 195 | 196 | C: 197 | TeX: [`\C`] 198 | 199 | Result: [$\C$] 200 | 201 | C: 202 | TeX: [`\partial`] 203 | 204 | Result: [$\partial$] 205 | 206 | C: 207 | TeX: [`\emptyset`] 208 | 209 | Result: [$\emptyset$] 210 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Quantum Computation and Quantum Information.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Unitarity means a quantum logic gate is always reversible. Why? 2 | A: The inverse of a unitary matrix is another unitary matrix; therefore, every quantum logic gate has an inverse gate that reverses its action. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Notation for a generic unitary matrix. 7 | A: $U$ 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Notation for the Hadamard gate. 12 | A: $H$ 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | C: The qubit state $\ket{0}$ is identified with the vector [$(1, 0)$]. 17 | 18 | --- 19 | 20 | C: The qubit state $\ket{1}$ is identified with the vector [$(0, 1)$]. 21 | 22 | --- 23 | 24 | C: The state of a qubit is a vector in a [two]-dimensional vector space whose field is [$\Complex$]. 25 | 26 | --- 27 | 28 | Q: Write the state of a qubit, $\ket{\psi}$, as a linear combination of its basis states. 29 | A: $$\ket{\psi} = \alpha \ket{0} + \beta \ket{1}$$ 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | C: Measuring the state of a qubit gives us the state [0] with probability $|\alpha|^2$. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: Measuring the state of a qubit gives us the state [1] with probability $|\beta|^2$. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: Consider the state of a qubit: 42 | 43 | $$\ket{\psi} = \alpha \ket{0} + \beta \ket{1}$$ 44 | 45 | What condition must $\alpha$ and $\beta$ satisfy, and why? 46 | 47 | A: $|\alpha|^2 + |\beta|^2 = 1$, since the probability of observing 0 or 1 must sum to one. 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | C: The set $\set{\ket{0}, \ket{1}}$ forms an [orthonormal] basis for the state of a qubit. 52 | 53 | --- 54 | 55 | Q: Consider the state of a qubit: 56 | 57 | $$\ket{\psi} = \alpha \ket{0} + \beta \ket{1}$$ 58 | 59 | Geometrically, what is the interpretation of the constraint $|\alpha|^2 + |\beta|^2 = 1$? 60 | 61 | A: $\ket{\psi}$ has unit length. 62 | 63 | --- 64 | 65 | C: The [north] pole of the Bloch sphere is given to the vector [$\ket{0}$]. 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | C: The [south] pole of the Bloch sphere is given to the vector [$\ket{1}$]. 70 | 71 | --- 72 | 73 | Q: What does it mean for a matrix $U$ to be unitary? 74 | A: $U^\dagger U = I$ 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | C: Let $A$ be a matrix. If $A^\dagger A = I$, then $A$ is said to be a [unitary] matrix. 79 | 80 | --- 81 | 82 | Q: Let $A$ be a matrix. What does the notation $A^\dagger$ mean? 83 | A: The adjoint of $A$. 84 | 85 | --- 86 | 87 | Q: Notation for the adjoint of a matrix $A$. 88 | A: $A^\dagger$ 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | C: Term: [adjoint of a matrix] 93 | 94 | Definition: [the operation that takes a matrix, tranposes it, and applies the complex conjugate to each element.] 95 | 96 | --- 97 | 98 | Q: What does CNOT stand for? 99 | A: Controlled NOT. 100 | 101 | --- 102 | 103 | Q: The CNOT gate has how many inputs. 104 | A: Two. 105 | 106 | --- 107 | 108 | Q: The CNOT gate has two inputs: what are they? 109 | A: Control, target. 110 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Mathematics.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: The set of the [natural numbers] is denoted by [$\N$]. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: The set of the [integers] is denoted by [$\Z$]. 6 | 7 | --- 8 | 9 | C: The set of the [rational numbers] is denoted by [$\Q$]. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: Why does $\Q$ denote the rational numbers? 14 | A: The Q stands for quotient. 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | Q: Why does $\Z$ denote the integers? 19 | A: German for "Zahl" (number). 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | Q: Define $\Q$ using set builder notation 24 | A: 25 | $$ 26 | \Q = \set{ \frac{p}{q} : p,q \in \Z, q \neq 0 } 27 | $$ 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: When is a collection of sets said to be "pairwise disjoint"? 32 | A: Where every pair of sets in the collection is disjoint. 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: Define the factorial function symbolically. 37 | 38 | $$\fact{n} = \ldots$$ 39 | 40 | A: $$\fact{n} = n \times \fact{n-1}$$ 41 | 42 | --- 43 | 44 | Q: Express $n!$ using product notation. 45 | A: $$n! = \prod\limits_{i=1}^n i$$ 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | Q: Evaluate: $0!$ 50 | A: $1$ 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | Q: Evaluate: $1!$ 55 | A: $1$ 56 | 57 | --- 58 | 59 | Q: Evaluate: $2!$ 60 | A: $2$ 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | Q: Evaluate: $3!$ 65 | A: $6$ 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | Q: Evaluate: $4!$ 70 | A: $24$ 71 | 72 | --- 73 | 74 | Q: Evaluate: $5!$ 75 | A: $120$ 76 | 77 | --- 78 | 79 | C: The $n$th triangular number is [the number of dots in an equilateral triangle with $n$ dots per side]. 80 | 81 | --- 82 | 83 | Q: How do you read this notation? 84 | 85 | $$\binom{n}{k}$$ 86 | 87 | A: "$n$ choose $k$" 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | Q: Define $\binom{n}{k}$ symbolically. 92 | 93 | $$ 94 | \binom{n}{k} = \ldots 95 | $$ 96 | 97 | A: 98 | $$ 99 | \binom{n}{k} = \frac{\fact{n}}{\fact{k}\fact{n-k}} 100 | $$ 101 | 102 | --- 103 | 104 | Q: What is the combinatorial meaning of $\binom{n}{k}$? 105 | A: From a set of size $n$, we can choose $\binom{n}{k}$ subsets of size $k$. 106 | 107 | --- 108 | 109 | C: The dual of the prime numbers are the [composite] numbers. 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | C: The dual of the composite numbers are the [prime] numbers. 114 | 115 | --- 116 | 117 | C: Every positive integer is either [prime], [composite], or [one]. 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | C: Term: [composite number] 122 | 123 | Definition: [A positive integer that is the product of two smaller positive integers.] 124 | 125 | --- 126 | 127 | Q: Define the predicate $\text{Composite} : \N \to \text{Bool}$ symbolically. 128 | 129 | $$\text{Composite}(n) = \ldots$$ 130 | 131 | A: $$\text{Composite}(n) = \exists a,b \in \Z^+ . 1 \lt a \lt n, 1 \lt b \lt n, ab = n$$ 132 | 133 | --- 134 | 135 | C: Term: [highly composite number] 136 | 137 | Definition: [A positive integer that has more factors than any smaller positive integer.] 138 | 139 | --- 140 | 141 | Q: How do you read $m \mid n$? 142 | A: "$m$ divides $n$" 143 | 144 | --- 145 | 146 | Q: Express $m \mid n$ symbolically. 147 | 148 | $$m \mid n = \ldots$$ 149 | 150 | A: 151 | $$ 152 | m \mid n = \exists k \in \Z . mk = n 153 | $$ 154 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Docker.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is a Docker image? 2 | A: A filesystem snapshot used to create a container. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What is a Docker container? 7 | A: A running instance of an image. 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: What's the difference between Docker images and containers? 12 | A: Images are blueprints, containers are instances of those blueprints. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: How are Docker images created? 17 | A: By a set of instructions called a Dockerfile. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: What is a Docker registry? 22 | A: A place where images are stored. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: What are Docker volumes for? 27 | A: Persisting data outside of the container. 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: What is the command to build a Dockerfile in the current directory? 32 | A: `docker build .` 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: What does `docker build .` do? 37 | A: Builds the Dockerfile in the current directory. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: What is a Docker image tag? 42 | A: A human-readable name for the image. 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: How do you run a tagged Docker image with its default command? 47 | A: `docker run ` 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: How do you run a tagged Docker image with a custom command? 52 | A: `docker run ` 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: How do you give a name to a Docker image when building it? 57 | A: `docker build . -t name` 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: How do you start a Docker container, given its ID? 62 | A: `docker start ` 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: What does the `-a` flag in `docker start` stand for? 67 | A: attach 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: How do you execute a command in a running Docker container? 72 | A: `docker exec -it ` 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: What does Docker's `-it` flag mean? 77 | A: `-i` means attach to the terminal, `-t` means use the tty 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: Command to create a Docker container from an image ID. 82 | A: `docker create ` 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | Q: `docker run` is the composition of which commands? 87 | A: `create` and `start` 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | Q: What's the command to get the logs for a Docker container? 92 | A: `docker logs ` 93 | 94 | --- 95 | 96 | Q: What's Docker's port mapping format? 97 | A: `HOST:CONTAINER` 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | C: In a Docker port mapping (e.g. `123:456`), the [container] port is on the [right]. 102 | 103 | --- 104 | 105 | C: In a Docker port mapping (e.g. `123:456`), the [host] port is on the [left]. 106 | 107 | --- 108 | 109 | Q: How do you stop a Docker container? 110 | A: Using either `docker stop` or `docker kill`. 111 | 112 | --- 113 | 114 | Q: What's the difference between `docker stop` and `docker kill`? 115 | A: `stop` can do cleanup, `kill` is more fatal. 116 | 117 | --- 118 | 119 | Q: What signal does `docker kill` send? 120 | A: `SIGKILL` 121 | 122 | --- 123 | 124 | Q: What signal does `docker stop` send? 125 | A: `SIGTERM` 126 | 127 | --- 128 | 129 | Q: What's the command to blow away your local Docker data? 130 | A: `docker system prune` 131 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Unix.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Bash syntax to run `command` and redirect both `stdout` and `stderr` to `/dev/null`. 2 | A: `command &> /dev/null` 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: `tzdata` code for the UTC timezone. 7 | A: `Etc/UTC` 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Given a file `package.deb`, how do you install it? 12 | A: `dpkg -i package.deb` 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: What does `dpkg -i package.deb` do? 17 | A: Installs `package.deb`. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | C: Command: [`ln`] 22 | 23 | Purpose: [create symbolic links.] 24 | 25 | --- 26 | 27 | Q: Name of the command to create a symbolic link. 28 | A: `ln` 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | Q: In the `ln` command, what is `-s` short for? 33 | A: `--symbolic` 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | Q: In the `ln` command, what does the `-s` flag do? 38 | A: Create a symbolic link instead of a hard link. 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | Q: What is the `ln` command used for? 43 | A: Create symbolic links. 44 | 45 | --- 46 | 47 | Q: Write a command to create a symbolic link from `$link` to `$target`. 48 | A: `ln -s $target $link` 49 | 50 | --- 51 | 52 | Q: Name of the command to test a `fontconfig` font expression. 53 | A: `fc-match` 54 | 55 | --- 56 | 57 | Q: Consider this `fontconfig` expression: `Terminus:size=10`. What unit is the `size` parameter expressed in? 58 | A: Points. 59 | 60 | --- 61 | 62 | Q: Command to lock the screen with xscreensaver. 63 | A: `xscreensaver-command --lock` 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | Q: Shortcut to wipe the password prompt. 68 | A: `C-u` 69 | 70 | --- 71 | 72 | C: Command: [`groups`] 73 | 74 | Action: [print the groups the current user is part of.] 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | C: Command: [`groups u`] 79 | 80 | Action: [print the groups that user `u` is part of.] 81 | 82 | --- 83 | 84 | Q: Command to print the MIME type of a file `f`. 85 | A: `file --mime-type --brief f` 86 | 87 | --- 88 | 89 | Q: Command to reset Redshift colour temperature. 90 | A: `redshift -x` 91 | 92 | --- 93 | 94 | Q: Command to set Redshift to a temperature `t`. 95 | A: `redshift -O t` 96 | 97 | --- 98 | 99 | C: Signal: [`SIGTERM`] 100 | 101 | Effect: [terminate gracefully.] 102 | 103 | --- 104 | 105 | C: Signal: [`SIGKILL`] 106 | 107 | Effect: [terminate immediately.] 108 | 109 | --- 110 | 111 | C: Signal: [`SIGINT`] 112 | 113 | Effect: [keyboard interrupt.] 114 | 115 | --- 116 | 117 | C: Signal: [`SIGABRT`] 118 | 119 | Effect: [process terminated abnormally.] 120 | 121 | --- 122 | 123 | Q: What signal does `Ctrl+C` send? 124 | A: `SIGINT` 125 | 126 | --- 127 | 128 | Q: What key combination sends `SIGINT` in the terminal? 129 | A: `Ctrl+C` 130 | 131 | --- 132 | 133 | Q: What command prints the target of a symbolic link? 134 | A: `readlink` 135 | 136 | --- 137 | 138 | Q: What does the `readlink` command do? 139 | A: Prints the target of a symbolic link. 140 | 141 | --- 142 | 143 | Q: Let _p_ be the path to a symlink. What is the command to find the direct target of _p_? 144 | A: `readlink p` 145 | 146 | --- 147 | 148 | Q: Let _p_ be the path to a symlink. What is the command to find the transitive target of _p_? 149 | A: `readlink -f p` 150 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Guile Scheme.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Function: [`display`] 3 | 4 | Synopsis: [print a string to stdout.] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Q: True constant. 9 | A: `#t` 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: False constant. 14 | A: `#f` 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | Q: Define a variable `v` with an initial value `e`. 19 | A: `(define v e)` 20 | 21 | --- 22 | 23 | C: 24 | Function: [`string-append`] 25 | 26 | Synopsis: [concatenate strings.] 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | Q: Define a function `square` that returns the square of its input. 31 | A: 32 | ``` 33 | (define (square x) 34 | (* x x)) 35 | ``` 36 | 37 | --- 38 | 39 | C: 40 | Function: [`string?`] 41 | 42 | Synopsis: [predicate to test if a value is a string.] 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | C: 47 | Function: [`eq?`] 48 | 49 | Synopsis: [pointer equality.] 50 | 51 | --- 52 | 53 | C: 54 | Function: [`equal?`] 55 | 56 | Synopsis: [value equality.] 57 | 58 | --- 59 | 60 | C: 61 | Function: [`member`] 62 | 63 | Synopsis: [test if an element is part of a list.] 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | Q: Evaluate: `(member 'a '(a b c))` 68 | A: `(a b c)` 69 | 70 | --- 71 | 72 | Q: Evaluate: `(member 'b '(a b c))` 73 | A: `(b c)` 74 | 75 | --- 76 | 77 | Q: Evaluate: `(member 'z '(a b c))` 78 | A: `#f` 79 | 80 | --- 81 | 82 | Q: Nil constant. 83 | A: `'()` 84 | 85 | --- 86 | 87 | C: 88 | Function: [`string-length`] 89 | 90 | Synopsis: [return the length of a string.] 91 | 92 | --- 93 | 94 | C: 95 | Function: [`symbol->string`] 96 | 97 | Synopsis: [convert a symbol to a string.] 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | Q: Evaluate: `(symbol->string 'foo)` 102 | A: `"foo"` 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | C: 107 | Function: [`string-upcase`] 108 | 109 | Synopsis: [convert a string to uppercase.] 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | Q: Evaluate: `(string-upcase "foo")` 114 | A: `"FOO"` 115 | 116 | --- 117 | 118 | C: 119 | Syntax: [`(map f l)`] 120 | 121 | Description: [apply `f` to each element of a list `l`, and return the list of results.] 122 | 123 | --- 124 | 125 | C: 126 | Function: [`=`] 127 | 128 | Synopsis: [numerical equality.] 129 | 130 | --- 131 | 132 | C: 133 | Syntax: [`(set! v e)`] 134 | 135 | Description: [assign the value `e` to the variable `v`.] 136 | 137 | --- 138 | 139 | C: 140 | Syntax: [`(begin e0 e1 ... en)`] 141 | 142 | Description: [evaluate expressions `e0`, `e1`, ..., `en` in order, returning the value of `en`.] 143 | 144 | --- 145 | 146 | Q: Scheme equivalent of Common Lisp's `progn`. 147 | A: `begin` 148 | 149 | --- 150 | 151 | C: 152 | Syntax: [`(vector e0 e1 ... en)`] 153 | 154 | Description: [construct a vector given initial elements `e0`, `e1`, ..., `en`.] 155 | 156 | --- 157 | 158 | C: 159 | Function: [`vector`] 160 | 161 | Synopsis: [vector constructor.] 162 | 163 | --- 164 | 165 | C: 166 | Syntax: [`(vector-ref v i)`] 167 | 168 | Description: [return the `i`-th element of a vector `v`.] 169 | 170 | --- 171 | 172 | C: 173 | Syntax: [`(vector-set! v i e)`] 174 | 175 | Description: [store `e` as the value of the `i`-th element of a vector `v`.] 176 | 177 | --- 178 | 179 | C: 180 | Function: [`string=?`] 181 | 182 | Synopsis: [string equality.] 183 | 184 | --- 185 | 186 | C: 187 | Function: [`newline`] 188 | 189 | Synopsis: [print a newline to stdout.] 190 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Sources/english_vocab.csv: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Barangay, The smallest administrative division of the Philippines. 2 | _ad patres_, "gone to his fathers, died" 3 | _obiter dicta_, Things said in passing. 4 | _pro forma_, "Perfunctorily, for the sake of procedure or politeness." 5 | _sotto voce_, quietly 6 | abstemious, indulging in moderation 7 | anastylosis, "The reconstruction of archaeological ruins from the remaining fragments." 8 | antinomian, Rejecting laws and moral codes. 9 | antiparallel, going in opposite directions 10 | badelaire, "A short sword with a heavy, curved blade; and S-shaped quillons." 11 | badinage, banter 12 | barbican, "A tower at the entrance to a castle or fortress." 13 | burgeon, "a bud, sprout, or shoot" 14 | bête noire, "Literally “black beast”; figuratively, an object of aversion." 15 | chancel, "The part of a church near the altar, separated from the nave by a barrier." 16 | corbel, A projection jutting out from a wall. 17 | cupidity, greed 18 | cynosure, A focal point of attention and admiration. 19 | desultory, disappointing 20 | dispositive, Relating to a final judgement or determination. 21 | dowdy, Unfashionably dressed. 22 | epigram, "A short, witty saying." 23 | epigraph, A quotation at the beginning of a book. 24 | facile, superficial 25 | feckless, purposeless/unskilled 26 | fen, "A swamp or mire." 27 | flense, "To strip the blubber or skin from an animal." 28 | gallipot, "A small pot used by apothecaries to hold medicines." 29 | glyptic art, The art of carving small gemstones. 30 | grandam, grandmother 31 | hauberk, "A coat of mail." 32 | hereunder, Under this 33 | hieratic, of or pertaining to priests 34 | hypostatize, to treat something abstract as concrete 35 | imbricate, to overlap 36 | impecunious, Lacking money 37 | insouciance, indifference/nonchalance 38 | inveigle, To convince through lies and flattery. 39 | loquacious, Talkative. 40 | machicolation, "A hole on the floor of a corbel, through which stones can be thrown at attackers." 41 | manacle, shackles 42 | mantic, prophetic 43 | meretricious, Apparently attractive but lacking real value 44 | mojibake, "Corrupted text resulting from using the wrong character decoding." 45 | nicodemite, Someone suspected of misrepresenting their religious beliefs. 46 | outré, extravagant 47 | panentheism, "The idea that God is everywhere, but also transcends the material universe." 48 | particoloured, many-coloured 49 | pluperfect, more than perfect/ideal 50 | prosaic, "like prose, matter of fact, lacking poetry" 51 | protean, frequently changing 52 | quillon, "Another word for the crossguard of a sword." 53 | redolent, "Having the smell of something, suggestive" 54 | sangfroid, composure/coolness 55 | sanguine, optimistic 56 | sere, dried up 57 | serried, standing close together 58 | sexton, "A church official who looks after a church and its graveyard." 59 | slovenly, "An untidy, unkempt person." 60 | spavined, "Lame, old, worn-out." 61 | stolid, "Calm, dependable." 62 | sully, To soil something. 63 | threadbare, (of clothing) worn out 64 | trabant, satellite/follower 65 | upbraid, To criticize severely. 66 | valetudinarian, Hypochondriacal. 67 | vehmic, "Of or relating to the Vehm, a medieval German secret court." 68 | vitiate, "To reduce the effectiveness of something." 69 | voir dire,A preliminary examination of a juror or witness. 70 | wane, To diminish. 71 | wax (verb), to grow 72 | wherefore, why / therefore 73 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Scripts/persian.py: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | from dataclasses import dataclass 2 | 3 | 4 | @dataclass(frozen=True) 5 | class Letter: 6 | name: str 7 | isolated: str 8 | initial: str 9 | medial: str 10 | final: str 11 | 12 | 13 | LETTERS = [ 14 | Letter(name="alef", isolated="ا", initial="ا", medial="ـا", final="ـا"), 15 | Letter(name="be", isolated="ب", initial="بـ", medial="ـبـ", final="ـب"), 16 | Letter(name="pe", isolated="پ", initial="پـ", medial="ـپـ", final="ـپ"), 17 | Letter(name="te", isolated="ت", initial="تـ", medial="ـتـ", final="ـت"), 18 | Letter(name="se", isolated="ث", initial="ثـ", medial="ـثـ", final="ـث"), 19 | Letter(name="jim", isolated="ج", initial="جـ", medial="ـجـ", final="ـج"), 20 | Letter(name="che", isolated="چ", initial="چـ", medial="ـچـ", final="ـچ"), 21 | Letter(name="he", isolated="ح", initial="حـ", medial="ـحـ", final="ـح"), 22 | Letter(name="khe", isolated="خ", initial="خـ", medial="ـخـ", final="ـخ"), 23 | Letter(name="dal", isolated="د", initial="د", medial="ـد", final="ـد"), 24 | Letter(name="zal", isolated="ذ", initial="ذ", medial="ـذ", final="ـذ"), 25 | Letter(name="re", isolated="ر", initial="ر", medial="ـر", final="ـر"), 26 | Letter(name="ze", isolated="ز", initial="ز", medial="ـز", final="ـز"), 27 | Letter(name="zhe", isolated="ژ", initial="ژ", medial="ـژ", final="ـژ"), 28 | Letter(name="sin", isolated="س", initial="سـ", medial="ـسـ", final="ـس"), 29 | Letter(name="shin", isolated="ش", initial="شـ", medial="ـشـ", final="ـش"), 30 | Letter(name="sad", isolated="ص", initial="صـ", medial="ـصـ", final="ـص"), 31 | Letter(name="zad", isolated="ض", initial="ضـ", medial="ـضـ", final="ـض"), 32 | Letter(name="ta", isolated="ط", initial="طـ", medial="ـطـ", final="ـط"), 33 | Letter(name="za", isolated="ظ", initial="ظـ", medial="ـظـ", final="ـظ"), 34 | Letter(name="ain", isolated="ع", initial="عـ", medial="ـعـ", final="ـع"), 35 | Letter(name="ghain", isolated="غ", initial="غـ", medial="ـغـ", final="ـغ"), 36 | Letter(name="fe", isolated="ف", initial="فـ", medial="ـفـ", final="ـف"), 37 | Letter(name="qaf", isolated="ق", initial="قـ", medial="ـقـ", final="ـق"), 38 | Letter(name="kaf", isolated="ک", initial="کـ", medial="ـکـ", final="ـک"), 39 | Letter(name="gaf", isolated="گ", initial="گـ", medial="ـگـ", final="ـگ"), 40 | Letter(name="lam", isolated="ل", initial="لـ", medial="ـلـ", final="ـل"), 41 | Letter(name="mim", isolated="م", initial="مـ", medial="ـمـ", final="ـم"), 42 | Letter(name="nun", isolated="ن", initial="نـ", medial="ـنـ", final="ـن"), 43 | Letter(name="vav", isolated="و", initial="و", medial="ـو", final="ـو"), 44 | Letter(name="he do cheshm", isolated="ه", initial="هـ", medial="ـهـ", final="ـه"), 45 | Letter(name="ye", isolated="ی", initial="یـ", medial="ـیـ", final="ـی"), 46 | ] 47 | 48 | for letter in LETTERS: 49 | print(f"Q: isolated form of **{letter.name}**") 50 | print(f"A: # {letter.isolated}\n") 51 | print(f"Q: initial form of **{letter.name}**") 52 | print(f"A: # {letter.initial}\n") 53 | print(f"Q: medial form of **{letter.name}**") 54 | print(f"A: # {letter.medial}\n") 55 | print(f"Q: final form of **{letter.name}**") 56 | print(f"A: # {letter.final}\n") 57 | 58 | print("Q: name of this letter:") 59 | print(f"# {letter.isolated}") 60 | print(f"A: {letter.name}\n") 61 | print("Q: name of this letter:") 62 | print(f"# {letter.initial}") 63 | print(f"A: {letter.name}\n") 64 | print("Q: name of this letter:") 65 | print(f"# {letter.medial}") 66 | print(f"A: {letter.name}\n") 67 | print("Q: name of this letter:") 68 | print(f"# {letter.final}") 69 | print(f"A: {letter.name}\n") 70 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Bible Quotes.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | [Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire]: [this is also vanity and vexation of spirit]. 3 | 4 | — [Ecclesiastes] [6]:[9] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | Q: Ecclesiastes 6:9 9 | A: Better is the sight of the eyes than the wandering of the desire: this is also vanity and vexation of spirit. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: 14 | [Surely God will not hear vanity], [neither will the Almighty regard it]. 15 | 16 | — [Job] [35]:[13] 17 | 18 | --- 19 | 20 | Q: Job 35:13 21 | A: Surely God will not hear vanity, neither will the Almighty regard it. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: 26 | [For he remembered that they were but flesh]; [a wind that passeth away], [and cometh not again]. 27 | 28 | — [Psalm] [79]:[39] 29 | 30 | --- 31 | 32 | Q: Psalm 79:39 33 | A: For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again. 34 | 35 | --- 36 | 37 | C: 38 | I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. 39 | 40 | — [Isaiah] [43]:[19] 41 | 42 | --- 43 | 44 | Q: Isaiah 43:19 45 | A: I will even make a way in the wilderness, and rivers in the desert. 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | C: 50 | Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. 51 | 52 | — [James] [4]:[14] 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: James 4:14 57 | A: Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | C: 62 | I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. 63 | 64 | — [Ezekiel] [36]:[26] 65 | 66 | --- 67 | 68 | Q: Ezekiel 36:26 69 | A: I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit in you; I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. 70 | 71 | --- 72 | 73 | C: 74 | He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. 75 | 76 | — [John] [7]:[38] 77 | 78 | --- 79 | 80 | Q: John 7:38 81 | A: He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. 82 | 83 | --- 84 | 85 | C: 86 | [For God shall bring every work into judgment], [with every secret thing], [whether it be good], [or whether it be evil]. 87 | 88 | — [Ecclesiastes] [12]:[14] 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | Q: Ecclesiastes 12:14 93 | A: For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. 94 | 95 | --- 96 | 97 | C: 98 | [O remember that my life is wind.] 99 | 100 | — [Job] [7]:[7] 101 | 102 | --- 103 | 104 | Q: Job 7:7 105 | A: O remember that my life is wind. 106 | 107 | --- 108 | 109 | C: 110 | [The Lord knoweth the thoughts of man, that they are vanity.] 111 | 112 | — [Psalm] [94]:[11] 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | Q: Psalm 94:11 117 | A: The Lord knoweth the thoughts of man, that they are vanity. 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | C: 122 | [I was the eyes to the blind, and I was the feet to the lame.] 123 | 124 | — [Job] [29]:[15] 125 | 126 | --- 127 | 128 | Q: Job 29:15 129 | A: I was the eyes to the blind, and I was the feet to the lame. 130 | 131 | --- 132 | 133 | C: 134 | [Thy walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen], [and of the wheels], [and of the chariots]. 135 | 136 | — [Ezekiel] [26]:[10] 137 | 138 | --- 139 | 140 | Q: Ezekiel 26:10 141 | A: Thy walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and of the wheels, and of the chariots. 142 | 143 | --- 144 | 145 | C: [Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven?] 146 | 147 | — [Job] [38]:[33] 148 | 149 | --- 150 | 151 | Q: Job 38:33 152 | A: Knowest thou the ordinances of heaven? 153 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /CLAUDE.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Dear Claude: this repository contains my flashcard collection. I'm using a 2 | spaced repetition app I built called `hashcards` which stores the flashcard 3 | collection as plain text files in a directory tree. 4 | 5 | # Format 6 | 7 | Flashcards are stored in Markdown files with an extended notation. A file is 8 | called a **deck**, and the name of the file is the **deck name**. 9 | 10 | There are two types of flashcards. **Basic flashcards** have a question and an 11 | answer, like so: 12 | 13 | ```markdown 14 | Q: Who was the father of Antigone? 15 | A: Oedipus 16 | ``` 17 | 18 | Both the question and the answer may span multiple lines: 19 | 20 | ```markdown 21 | Q: Give a proof sketch of the following theorem: if a relation $R$ is 22 | normalizing and confluent, then every element has a unique normal form. 23 | 24 | A: If $R$ is normalizing then every element must have at least one normal form. 25 | If an element has two or more normal forms, confluence implies they would be 26 | joinable, which is a contradiction. Therefore, every element must have exactly 27 | one normal form. 28 | ``` 29 | 30 | The other type of flashcairds are **cloze flashcards**, which are written like 31 | so: 32 | 33 | ```markdown 34 | C: [Proteolysis] is catalyzed by enzymes called [proteases]. 35 | ``` 36 | 37 | Analogously, the text can be written over multiple lines, like so: 38 | 39 | ```markdown 40 | C: The [amount of substance] of a sample, denoted $n$, is defined as: 41 | 42 | $$ 43 | n = \frac{N}{N_A} 44 | $$ 45 | 46 | where $N$ is [the number of elementary entities] and $N_A$ is [Avogadro's 47 | constant]. 48 | ``` 49 | 50 | Cards may be separated by a horizontal rule, e.g.: 51 | 52 | ```markdown 53 | Q: What is an object with zero net charge called? 54 | A: Neutral. 55 | 56 | --- 57 | 58 | Q: What is the electric force? 59 | A: The force that charged particles exert on one another. 60 | ``` 61 | 62 | Math can be written in TeX, using `$...$` for inline math and `$$...$$` for 63 | block math. To factor out commonalities, TeX macros can be added to 64 | `Cards/macros.tex`. 65 | 66 | # Rules 67 | 68 | This section describes the rules for writing good flashcards. 69 | 70 | ## Cards Must Be Atomic 71 | 72 | Good flashcards are short. They are like a chemical bond, linking atoms of 73 | knowledge. The question should be narrow, and the answer brief, to minimize 74 | interference. 75 | 76 | ## Answers Must Be Unambiguous 77 | 78 | Good flashcards have unambiguous answers. 79 | 80 | ## Ask Two-Way Questions 81 | 82 | When possible, encode the same information in multiple directions. For example, 83 | when encoding a term and its definition, the obvious thing to do is to ask for 84 | the definition of a term, e.g.: 85 | 86 | ```markdown 87 | Q: What is the order of a group? 88 | A: The cardinality of its underlying set. 89 | ``` 90 | 91 | You should also ask for the term, given the definition, when it is unambiguous, 92 | e.g.: 93 | 94 | ```markdown 95 | Q: What is the term for the cardinality of a group? 96 | A: Order 97 | ``` 98 | 99 | Analogously for notation: 100 | 101 | ```markdown 102 | Q: What does $\mathbb{R}$ stand for? 103 | A: The set of real numbers. 104 | 105 | --- 106 | 107 | Q: What is the notation for the set of real numbers? 108 | A: $\mathbb{R}$ 109 | ``` 110 | 111 | ## Ask Questions in Multiple Ways 112 | 113 | Ask questions in multiple ways. Ask for formal and informal definitions of 114 | terms. Ask for the formal and informal statements of a theorem. Ask questions 115 | forwards and backwards. Add contextual questions: “what is the intutition for 116 | [concept]?”. Add questions that link different concepts across the knowledge 117 | graph. 118 | 119 | The more interlinked the knowledge graph is, the better. 120 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Indonesian Phrases.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | I am from Uruguay 3 | 4 | [Saya] [dari] [Uruguay] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | I am from Uruguay 10 | 11 | [Saya dari Uruguay] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | My name is Fernando 17 | 18 | [Nama] [saya] [Fernando] 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: 23 | My name is Fernando 24 | 25 | [Nama saya Fernando] 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: 30 | [selamat pagi] 31 | 32 | [good morning] 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | C: 37 | [selamat malam] 38 | 39 | [good evening] 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | C: 44 | I am a [tourist] 45 | 46 | [Saya] [turis] 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | C: 51 | I [live] in Australia 52 | 53 | [Saya] [tinggal] [di] [Australia] 54 | 55 | --- 56 | 57 | C: 58 | I [live] in Sydney 59 | 60 | [Saya] [tinggal] [di] [Sydney] 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | C: 65 | [Thank you] 66 | 67 | [Terima kasih] 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | C: 72 | [You're welcome] 73 | 74 | [Sama-sama] 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | C: 79 | [What is] [this]? 80 | 81 | [Apa] [ini]? 82 | 83 | --- 84 | 85 | C: 86 | [How are you?] 87 | 88 | [Apa kabar?] 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | C: 93 | [Mr.] Jones 94 | 95 | [Bapak] Jones 96 | 97 | --- 98 | 99 | C: 100 | [What is your name?] 101 | 102 | [Siapa nama anda?] 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | C: 107 | What is your name? 108 | 109 | [Siapa] [nama] [anda]? 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | C: 114 | [Where are you from?] 115 | 116 | [Anda] [dari] [mana]? 117 | 118 | --- 119 | 120 | C: 121 | [Ini] [buku] 122 | 123 | [This] is a [book] 124 | 125 | --- 126 | 127 | C: 128 | [Apakah ini buku?] 129 | 130 | [Is this a book?] 131 | 132 | --- 133 | 134 | C: 135 | Welcome to Jakarta. 136 | 137 | [Selamat] [datang] [di] [Jakarta]. 138 | 139 | --- 140 | 141 | C: 142 | Welcome to Jakarta. 143 | 144 | [Selamat datang di Jakarta]. 145 | 146 | --- 147 | 148 | C: 149 | [I'm fine]. 150 | 151 | [Kabar baik]. 152 | 153 | --- 154 | 155 | C: 156 | I have a pencil. 157 | 158 | [Saya] [punya] [pensil]. 159 | 160 | --- 161 | 162 | C: 163 | You have a car. 164 | 165 | [Anda] [punya] [mobil]. 166 | 167 | --- 168 | 169 | C: 170 | They have a book. 171 | 172 | [Mereka] [punya] [buku]. 173 | 174 | --- 175 | 176 | C: 177 | [I have a pencil]. 178 | 179 | [Saya punya pensil]. 180 | 181 | --- 182 | 183 | C: 184 | [You have a car]. 185 | 186 | [Anda punya mobil]. 187 | 188 | --- 189 | 190 | C: 191 | [They have a book]. 192 | 193 | [Mereka punya buku]. 194 | 195 | --- 196 | 197 | C: 198 | [Apa?] 199 | 200 | [What?] 201 | 202 | --- 203 | 204 | C: 205 | [Apa ini?] 206 | 207 | [What is this?] 208 | 209 | --- 210 | 211 | C: 212 | [Siapa?] 213 | 214 | [Who?] 215 | 216 | --- 217 | 218 | C: 219 | [Kapan?] 220 | 221 | [When?] 222 | 223 | --- 224 | 225 | C: 226 | [Di mana?] 227 | 228 | [Where?] 229 | 230 | --- 231 | 232 | C: 233 | [Kemana?] 234 | 235 | [To where?] 236 | 237 | --- 238 | 239 | C: 240 | [Dari mana?] 241 | 242 | [From where?] 243 | 244 | --- 245 | 246 | C: 247 | Mobil kami sudah menunggu di luar. 248 | 249 | [Our car is already waiting outside.] 250 | 251 | --- 252 | 253 | C: 254 | [Mobil] kami [sudah] [menunggu] [di luar]. 255 | 256 | Our car is already waiting outside. 257 | 258 | --- 259 | 260 | C: 261 | He is waiting. 262 | 263 | [Dia sedang menunggu.] 264 | 265 | --- 266 | 267 | C: 268 | He is [waiting]. 269 | 270 | [Dia] [sedang] [menunggu]. 271 | 272 | --- 273 | 274 | C: 275 | She is waiting outside. 276 | 277 | [Dia sedang menunggu di luar.] 278 | 279 | --- 280 | 281 | C: 282 | [Is this your luggage?] 283 | 284 | [Apakah ini kopor-kopor anda?] 285 | 286 | --- 287 | 288 | C: 289 | [Is this] [your] [luggage]? 290 | 291 | [Apakah] [ini] [kopor-kopor] [anda]? 292 | 293 | --- 294 | 295 | C: English: [I am eating] 296 | 297 | Indonesian: [Saya sedang makan] 298 | 299 | --- 300 | 301 | C: English: I am [eating] 302 | 303 | Indonesian: [Saya] [sedang] [makan] 304 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Indonesian Vocabulary.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Indonesian: [nama] 3 | 4 | English: [name] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | Indonesian: [saya] 10 | 11 | English: [I am] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | Indonesian: [dari] 17 | 18 | English: [from] 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: 23 | Indonesian: [baik] 24 | 25 | English: [good] 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: 30 | Indonesian: [keluarga] 31 | 32 | English: [family] 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | C: 37 | Indonesian: [dokter] 38 | 39 | English: [doctor] 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | C: 44 | Indonesian: [bendera] 45 | 46 | English: [flag] 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | C: 51 | Indonesian: [dia] 52 | 53 | English: [he/she/it] 54 | 55 | --- 56 | 57 | C: 58 | Indonesian: [kita] 59 | 60 | English: [we (including interlocutor)] 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | C: 65 | Indonesian: [kami] 66 | 67 | English: [we (excluding interlocutor)] 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | C: 72 | Indonesian: [buku] 73 | 74 | English: [book] 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | C: 79 | Indonesian: [ya] 80 | 81 | English: [yes] 82 | 83 | --- 84 | 85 | C: 86 | Indonesian: [tidak] 87 | 88 | English: [no] 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | C: 93 | Indonesian: [pagi] 94 | 95 | English: [morning] 96 | 97 | --- 98 | 99 | C: 100 | Indonesian: [hari] 101 | 102 | English: [day] 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | C: 107 | Indonesian: [hotel] 108 | 109 | English: [hotel] 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | C: 114 | Indonesian: [besar] 115 | 116 | English: [big] 117 | 118 | --- 119 | 120 | C: 121 | Indonesian: [air] 122 | 123 | English: [water] 124 | 125 | --- 126 | 127 | C: 128 | Indonesian: [satu] 129 | 130 | English: [one] 131 | 132 | --- 133 | 134 | C: 135 | Indonesian: [dua] 136 | 137 | English: [two] 138 | 139 | --- 140 | 141 | C: 142 | Indonesian: [tiga] 143 | 144 | English: [three] 145 | 146 | --- 147 | 148 | C: 149 | Indonesian: [empat] 150 | 151 | English: [four] 152 | 153 | --- 154 | 155 | C: 156 | Indonesian: [lima] 157 | 158 | English: [five] 159 | 160 | --- 161 | 162 | C: 163 | Indonesian: [enam] 164 | 165 | English: [six] 166 | 167 | --- 168 | 169 | C: 170 | Indonesian: [tujuh] 171 | 172 | English: [seven] 173 | 174 | --- 175 | 176 | C: 177 | Indonesian: [delapan] 178 | 179 | English: [eight] 180 | 181 | --- 182 | 183 | C: 184 | Indonesian: [sembilan] 185 | 186 | English: [nine] 187 | 188 | --- 189 | 190 | C: 191 | Indonesian: [sepuluh] 192 | 193 | English: [ten] 194 | 195 | --- 196 | 197 | C: 198 | Indonesian: [saya] 199 | 200 | English: [I] 201 | 202 | --- 203 | 204 | C: 205 | Indonesian: [anda] 206 | 207 | English: [you (singular, formal)] 208 | 209 | --- 210 | 211 | C: 212 | Indonesian: [kamu] 213 | 214 | English: [you (singular, informal)] 215 | 216 | --- 217 | 218 | C: 219 | Indonesian: [kamus] 220 | 221 | English: [dictionary] 222 | 223 | --- 224 | 225 | C: 226 | Indonesian: [kopi] 227 | 228 | English: [coffee] 229 | 230 | --- 231 | 232 | C: 233 | Indonesian: [toko] 234 | 235 | English: [shop] 236 | 237 | --- 238 | 239 | C: 240 | Indonesian: [guru] 241 | 242 | English: [teacher] 243 | 244 | --- 245 | 246 | C: 247 | Indonesian: [nasi] 248 | 249 | English: [rice] 250 | 251 | --- 252 | 253 | C: 254 | Indonesian: [mobil] 255 | 256 | English: [car] 257 | 258 | --- 259 | 260 | C: 261 | Indonesian: [selamat datang] 262 | 263 | English: [welcome] 264 | 265 | --- 266 | 267 | C: 268 | Indonesian: [apa] 269 | 270 | English: [what] 271 | 272 | --- 273 | 274 | C: 275 | Indonesian: [kabar] 276 | 277 | English: [news] 278 | 279 | --- 280 | 281 | C: 282 | Indonesian: [mereka] 283 | 284 | English: [they] 285 | 286 | --- 287 | 288 | C: 289 | Indonesian: [pensil] 290 | 291 | English: [pencil] 292 | 293 | --- 294 | 295 | C: 296 | Indonesian: [pena] 297 | 298 | English: [pen] 299 | 300 | --- 301 | 302 | C: 303 | Indonesian: [kertas] 304 | 305 | English: [paper] 306 | 307 | --- 308 | 309 | C: 310 | Indonesian: [mana] 311 | 312 | English: [where] 313 | 314 | --- 315 | 316 | C: 317 | Indonesian: [punya] 318 | 319 | English: [to have] 320 | 321 | --- 322 | 323 | C: 324 | Indonesian: [di luar] 325 | 326 | English: [outside] 327 | 328 | --- 329 | 330 | C: 331 | Indonesian: [teman] 332 | 333 | English: [friend] 334 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Cell Biology by the Numbers.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What is the value of Avogadro's constant? 2 | A: $$ 6.022 \times 10^{23} ~\text{mol}^{-1} $$ 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: What is the unit of Avogadro's constant? 7 | A: $$ \text{mol}^{-1} $$ 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | C: The amount of substance of a sample is the ratio of [the number of elementary entities] to [Avogadro's constant]. 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: The [amount of substance] of a sample, denoted $n$, is defined as: 16 | 17 | $$ 18 | n = \frac{N}{N_A} 19 | $$ 20 | 21 | where $N$ is [the number of elementary entities] and $N_A$ is [Avogadro's constant]. 22 | 23 | --- 24 | 25 | C: The SI unit for an amount of substance is the [mole]. 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | Q: What is the name for this unit? $$\text{mol}^{-1}$$ 30 | A: Reciprocal moles. 31 | 32 | --- 33 | 34 | Q: What does ssDNA stand for? 35 | A: Single-stranded DNA. 36 | 37 | --- 38 | 39 | Q: What does dsDNA stand for? 40 | A: Double-stranded DNA. 41 | 42 | --- 43 | 44 | Q: _E. coli_, approximate diameter. 45 | A: $$ \approx 1 ~\micron $$ 46 | 47 | --- 48 | 49 | Q: _E. coli_, approximate length. 50 | A: $$ \approx 2 ~\micron $$ 51 | 52 | --- 53 | 54 | Q: _E. coli_, approximate volume. 55 | A: $$ \approx 1 ~\micron^3 $$ 56 | 57 | --- 58 | 59 | C: An _E. coli_ bacterium is shaped like a [spherocylinder]. 60 | 61 | --- 62 | 63 | C: Term: [spherocylinder] 64 | 65 | Definition: [A cylinder capped with a hemisphere at both ends.] 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | C: 70 | Term: [haploid cell] 71 | 72 | Definition: [A cell that has one copy of each chromosome.] 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | C: 77 | Term: [diploid cell] 78 | 79 | Definition: [A cell that has two copies of each chromosome.] 80 | 81 | --- 82 | 83 | C: 84 | Term: [ploidy] 85 | 86 | Definition: [The number of copies of each chromosome in a cell.] 87 | 88 | --- 89 | 90 | C: 91 | Term: [endocytosis] 92 | 93 | Definition: [A process by which a cell acquires extracellular material, by wrapping its membrane around it, which buds off into an intracellular vesicle.] 94 | 95 | --- 96 | 97 | Q: Synapse clearance time. 98 | A: $\approx 1 ~\text{ms}$ 99 | 100 | --- 101 | 102 | C: Humans are made of about [60]% water. 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | C: 107 | Term: [anabolism] 108 | 109 | Definition: [The metabolic processes that construct large biomolecules from smaller units.] 110 | 111 | --- 112 | 113 | C: 114 | Term: [catabolism] 115 | 116 | Definition: [The metabolic processes that break down large molecules, either to provide energy or feedstock.] 117 | 118 | --- 119 | 120 | Q: What does mRNA stand for? 121 | A: Messenger RNA. 122 | 123 | --- 124 | 125 | Q: What does tRNA stand for? 126 | A: Transfer RNA. 127 | 128 | --- 129 | 130 | Q: Where does translation happen? 131 | A: In the ribosome. 132 | 133 | --- 134 | 135 | C: 136 | Term: [cell cycle time] 137 | 138 | Definition: [The time it takes for a cell to complete a full cycle of division.] 139 | 140 | --- 141 | 142 | C: 143 | Term: [transcription] 144 | 145 | Definition: [The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template.] 146 | 147 | --- 148 | 149 | Q: Term for the process of making mRNA from a DNA template. 150 | A: Transcription. 151 | 152 | --- 153 | 154 | C: 155 | Term: [transcription factor] 156 | 157 | Definition: [A protein that binds to a DNA sequence, turning transcription on/off in response to signals.] 158 | 159 | --- 160 | 161 | C: 162 | 163 | Process: [replication] 164 | 165 | Diagram: [$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{DNA}$] 166 | 167 | --- 168 | 169 | C: 170 | 171 | Process: [transcription] 172 | 173 | Diagram: [$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA}$] 174 | 175 | --- 176 | 177 | C: 178 | 179 | Process: [translation] 180 | 181 | Diagram: [$\text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$] 182 | 183 | --- 184 | 185 | C: 186 | Term: [proteolysis] 187 | 188 | Definition: [the breakdown of proteins.] 189 | 190 | --- 191 | 192 | [Proteolysis] is catalyzed by enzymes called [proteases]. 193 | 194 | --- 195 | 196 | Q: What process do proteases catalyze? 197 | A: Proteolysis. 198 | 199 | --- 200 | 201 | Q: What class of enzymes catalyze proteolysis? 202 | A: Proteases. 203 | 204 | --- 205 | 206 | Q: What is a proteasome? 207 | A: A large protein complex that acts as a protease. 208 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Trivia.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: What does SMS stand for? 2 | A: Short Message Service 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: Who was the first documented case of paranoid schizophrenia? 7 | A: James Tilly Matthews 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: Who was James Tilly Matthews? 12 | A: The first documented case of paranoid schizophreina. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: What was the "air loom"? 17 | A: A delusional belief of James Tilly Matthews. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: How many minerals are in the PGM group? 22 | A: Six 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: What are the PGM elements? 27 | A: Ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum. 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | C: The PGM elements are: 32 | 33 | - [ruthenium] 34 | - [rhodium] 35 | - [palladium] 36 | - [osmium] 37 | - [iridium] 38 | - [platinum] 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | Q: ISS, year when the first module was launched. 43 | A: 1998 44 | 45 | --- 46 | 47 | Q: ISS, mass. 48 | A: 450t 49 | 50 | --- 51 | 52 | Q: Space Shuttle, year of first launch. 53 | A: 1981 54 | 55 | --- 56 | 57 | Q: Space Shuttle, year of final launch. 58 | A: 2011 59 | 60 | --- 61 | 62 | Q: Space Shuttle, name of first vehicle to reach space. 63 | A: _Columbia_ 64 | 65 | --- 66 | 67 | Q: What is a nitrogen vacancy center? 68 | A: A defect in a diamond lattice where a C-C pair is replaced with N and a lattice vacancy. 69 | 70 | --- 71 | 72 | Q: Soyuz spacecraft, year of first crewed launch. 73 | A: 1967 74 | 75 | --- 76 | 77 | Q: What does OKB-1 stand for? 78 | A: "Experimental Design Bureau-1" 79 | 80 | --- 81 | 82 | Q: Solar irradiance at 1AU. 83 | A: $1361 ~\text{W}/\text{m}^2$ 84 | 85 | --- 86 | 87 | Q: Solar irradiance at the Earth's surface. 88 | A: $1000 ~\text{W}/\text{m}^2$ 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | Q: Definition of one electronvolt. 93 | A: The amount of energy gained or lost by an electron moving through a $1 ~\text{V}$ voltage in vacuum. 94 | 95 | --- 96 | 97 | C: A proton is around [1800] times more massive than an electron. 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | Q: LHC, year construction started. 102 | A: 1998 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | Q: LHC, year construction ended. 107 | A: 2008 108 | 109 | --- 110 | 111 | Q: LHC, year of first beam. 112 | A: 2008 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | Q: LHC, circumference. 117 | A: $27 ~\text{km}$ 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | Q: What was the world's first ICBM? 122 | A: The SS-6. 123 | 124 | --- 125 | 126 | Q: SS-6, designer. 127 | A: Sergei Korolev. 128 | 129 | --- 130 | 131 | Q: Points are a unit of what? 132 | A: Length. 133 | 134 | --- 135 | 136 | Q: What field uses points as a unit of measure? 137 | A: Typography. 138 | 139 | --- 140 | 141 | Q: What is the standard definition of $1 \text{pt}$? 142 | A: $\frac{1}{72}$ of an inch. 143 | 144 | --- 145 | 146 | Q: What's the visual difference between phi and psi? 147 | A: Phi is a circle, psi a U shape. 148 | 149 | --- 150 | 151 | Q: Who was Clarence Madison Dally? 152 | A: The first recorded victim of radiation poisoning. 153 | 154 | --- 155 | 156 | Q: Who was the first recorded victim of radiation poisoning? 157 | A: Clarence Madison Dally. 158 | 159 | --- 160 | 161 | Q: Name of the longest river in Russia. 162 | A: The Lena. 163 | 164 | --- 165 | 166 | Q: What country is Yakutsk in? 167 | A: Russia 168 | 169 | --- 170 | 171 | Q: Name of the river that runs through Yakutsk. 172 | A: The Lena. 173 | 174 | --- 175 | 176 | Q: When did the Khmelnytsky pogrom happen? 177 | A: 1648–1649. 178 | 179 | --- 180 | 181 | C: The Torah is also known as the [Pentateuch]. 182 | 183 | --- 184 | 185 | C: The Pentateuch is another name for the [Torah]. 186 | 187 | --- 188 | 189 | C: The Torah is the compilation of the first [five] books of the Hebrew Bible. 190 | 191 | --- 192 | 193 | C: The first five books of the Hebrew Bible are collectively known as the [Torah]. 194 | 195 | --- 196 | 197 | Q: Define: dybbuk 198 | A: In Jewish mythology, the soul of a deceased person that is said to possess a living host. 199 | 200 | --- 201 | 202 | Q: TeX Gyre equivalent of Times New Roman? 203 | A: TeX Gyre Termes. 204 | 205 | --- 206 | 207 | Q: TeX Gyre sans-serif font? 208 | A: TeX Gyre Heros. 209 | 210 | --- 211 | 212 | C: Hyperthreading is Intel's implementation of [simultaneous multithreading]. 213 | 214 | --- 215 | 216 | C: Intel's implementation of simultaneous multithreading is called [hyperthreading]. 217 | 218 | --- 219 | 220 | C: Term: [simultaneous multithreading] 221 | 222 | Definition: [a technique whereby a single CPU can execute multiple threads in parallel.] 223 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Inbox/Molecular Neuropharmacology.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | Term: [Pharmacokinetics] 3 | Definition: [The processes that determine what happens to a drug from administration to elimination] 4 | 5 | C: 6 | Term: [Pharmacodynamics] 7 | Definition: [The processes by which drugs exert a biological effect.] 8 | 9 | C: 10 | Term: [Drug Potency] 11 | Definition: [How much of a drug it takes to produce a given effect.] 12 | 13 | C: 14 | Term: [Drug Efficacy] 15 | Definition: [The maximum response caused by a drug's activity.] 16 | 17 | C: 18 | Term: [Agonist, antagonist etc. is a measure of what?] 19 | Definition: [Drug efficacy.] 20 | 21 | Q: What is the X axis in a dose-response curve? 22 | A: The drug concentration. 23 | 24 | Q: What is the Y axis in a dose-response curve? 25 | A: The biological effect of the drug. 26 | 27 | C: A [leftward] shift of a dose-response curve means the receptors have become [more] responsive. 28 | 29 | C: A [rightward] shift of a dose-response curve means the receptors have become [less] responsive. 30 | 31 | C: 32 | Term: [Dissociation constant] 33 | Definition: [The drug concentration at which half of the available binding sites are occupied.] 34 | 35 | Q: What's the notation for the dissociation constant? 36 | A: $$K_d$$ 37 | 38 | Q: What does $K_d$ stand for? 39 | A: The dissociation constant. 40 | 41 | C: A [high] value of $K_d$ means the drug has a [low] affinity for the receptors. 42 | 43 | C: A [low] value of $K_d$ means the drug has a [high] affinity for the receptors. 44 | 45 | Q: High $K_d$ means low binding affinity. Why? 46 | A: Because you need a higher concentration of the drug to reach the same amount of binding. 47 | 48 | Q: Low $K_d$ means high binding affinity. Why? 49 | A: Because you need a lower concentration of the drug to reach the same amount of binding. 50 | 51 | C: $K_d$ is [inversely] proportional to binding affinity. 52 | 53 | # Chapter 2 54 | 55 | C: 56 | Term: [Gray matter] 57 | Definition: [Tissue made up of aggregates of neuron bodies.] 58 | 59 | C: 60 | Term: [White matter] 61 | Definition: [Tissue made up of aggregates of axons.] 62 | 63 | Q: Why is white matter white? 64 | A: myelin 65 | 66 | C: 67 | Term: [Membrane potential] 68 | Definition: [The voltage between the interior and exterior of the neuron.] 69 | 70 | Q: What is membrane potential measured in? 71 | A: Millivolts (mV) 72 | 73 | Q: What is the membrane potential of a resting neuron? 74 | A: $$-70mV$$ 75 | 76 | Q: In its resting state, what is the sign of a neuron's membrane potential? 77 | A: Negative. 78 | 79 | Q: Relative to the extracellular environment, is the interior of a neuron positively or negatively charged? 80 | A: Negatively. 81 | 82 | C: In its resting state, [positive] charges in the extracellular environment are drawn [in to] the neuron. 83 | 84 | C: In its resting state, [negative] charges in the extracellular environment are drawn [away from] the neuron. 85 | 86 | C: 87 | Term: [Neuron depolarization] 88 | Definition: [An event where a neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative.] 89 | 90 | Q: What happens when a neuron undergoes a significant depolarization? 91 | A: It triggers an action potential. 92 | 93 | Q: Cell membranes are naturally impermeable to ions. Why is this? 94 | A: Ions prefer interacting with polar water molecules than the hydrophobic lipid groups in the cell membrane. 95 | 96 | Q: Cell membranes are impermeable to ions. Why do ions get thorough? 97 | A: Because of ion channel proteins. 98 | 99 | Q: Evolutionarily: why do neurons maintain an ionic gradient? 100 | A: To maintain an extracellular environment similar to seawater. 101 | 102 | C: 103 | Term: [Ionic Gradient] 104 | Definition: [The difference in the concentration of a particular ion between the interior and exterior of a cell.] 105 | 106 | Q: What are the mechanisms by which neurons maintain the membrane potential? 107 | A: Ion channels and ion pumps. 108 | 109 | Q: When a neuron is at its resting membrane potential, what happens to the net flow of ions across the cell membrane? 110 | A: The cell is at equilibrium and the net flow is zero. 111 | 112 | Q: What would happen to the membrane potential if the cell membrane was infinitely permeable? 113 | A: The potential would reach equilibrium at zero volts. 114 | 115 | Q: Why is the equilibrium potential of a neuron non-zero? 116 | A: Because the cell is selectively permeable. 117 | 118 | C: 119 | Term: [Action Potential] 120 | Definition: [A rapid, all-or-nothing depolarization that travels down a neuron's axon.] 121 | 122 | Q: Why is there a blood brain barrier? 123 | A: If the brain were not isolated from general circulation, changes in ion gradients from diet or hydration would regularly impact neural function. 124 | 125 | C: 126 | Term: [Threshold potential] 127 | Definition: [The value of the membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered.] 128 | 129 | Q: What is a typical value of a neuron's threshold potential? 130 | A: $-55mV$ 131 | } 132 | C: In neurons, [depolarization] is the opposite of [:hyperpolarization]. 133 | 134 | Q: What are the four main ions in neurons? 135 | A: Sodium, potassium, chlorine, calcium. 136 | 137 | C: The [potassium] ion in neurons is [$K^+$]. 138 | 139 | C: The [sodium] ion in neurons is [$Na^+$]. 140 | 141 | C: The [chlorine] ion in neurons is [$Cl^-$]. 142 | 143 | C: The [calcium] ion in neurons is [$Ca^{2+}$]. 144 | 145 | C: 146 | Term: [Voltage-Gated Ion Channel] 147 | Definition: [An ion channels whose permeability is determined by its surrounding membrane potential.] 148 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Medicine.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: The [maxillary] teeth are those of the [upper] jaw. 2 | 3 | --- 4 | 5 | C: The [mandibular] teeth are those of the [lower] jaw. 6 | 7 | --- 8 | 9 | C: The [trigeminal] nerve is cranial nerve [five]. 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | Q: What are the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve? 14 | A: Ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular. 15 | 16 | --- 17 | 18 | C: The ophthalmic nerve is a branch of the [trigeminal] nerve. 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: The maxillary nerve is a branch of the [trigeminal] nerve. 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | C: The mandibular nerve is a branch of the [trigeminal] nerve. 27 | 28 | --- 29 | 30 | C: The [ophthalmic] nerve is denoted [V1]. 31 | 32 | --- 33 | 34 | C: The [maxillary] nerve is denoted [V2]. 35 | 36 | --- 37 | 38 | C: The [mandibular] nerve is denoted [V3]. 39 | 40 | --- 41 | 42 | Q: Smallest branch of the trigeminal nerve. 43 | A: Ophthalmic nerve. 44 | 45 | --- 46 | 47 | Q: Largest branch of the trigeminal nerve. 48 | A: Mandibular nerve. 49 | 50 | --- 51 | 52 | C: Fluvoxamine is primarily metabolized by cytochromes [1A2] and [2D6]. 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | C: Caffeine is metabolized by cytochrome [1A2]. 57 | 58 | --- 59 | 60 | C: Melatonin is metabolized by cytochrome [1A2]. 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | Q: What does INN stand for? 65 | A: International nonproprietary name. 66 | 67 | --- 68 | 69 | Q: What is an international nonproprietary name? 70 | A: The official generic name of a drug. 71 | 72 | --- 73 | 74 | C: [Oxervate] is the trade name of [Cenegermin]. 75 | 76 | --- 77 | 78 | C: [Cenegermin] is the therapeutic form of [human nerve growth factor]. 79 | 80 | --- 81 | 82 | Q: What is the INN for the therapeutic form of human NGF? 83 | A: Cenegermin 84 | 85 | --- 86 | 87 | Q: What is Cenegermin indicated for? 88 | A: Neurotrophic keratitis. 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | C: Oxycodone is primarily metabolized by cytochrome [3A4]. 93 | 94 | --- 95 | 96 | C: [Endone] is the Australian trade name of [oxycodone]. 97 | 98 | --- 99 | 100 | C: 101 | Term: [prodromal] 102 | 103 | Definition: [The phase of disease before the onset of symptoms.] 104 | 105 | --- 106 | 107 | C: 108 | Term: [coloboma of the iris] 109 | 110 | Definition: [A defect of the eye where the iris is shaped like a keyhole.] 111 | 112 | --- 113 | 114 | C: 115 | Term: [infarction] 116 | 117 | Definition: [Tissue death caused by loss of blood supply.] 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | C: 122 | Term: [infarct] 123 | 124 | Definition: [A lesion resulting from an infarction.] 125 | 126 | --- 127 | 128 | C: 129 | Term: [embolus] 130 | 131 | Definition: [A clot that travels through circulation, becomes lodged in a blood vessel, and impedes blood flow.] 132 | 133 | --- 134 | 135 | C: 136 | Term: [thrombus] 137 | 138 | Definition: [A blood clot that forms _in situ_ and impedes blood flow.] 139 | 140 | --- 141 | 142 | C: 143 | Term: [orthopantomogram] 144 | 145 | Definition: [A panoramic dental x-ray.] 146 | 147 | --- 148 | 149 | C: 150 | Term: [pericoronitis] 151 | 152 | Definition: [infection of the gum around a partially-erupted wisdom tooth.] 153 | 154 | --- 155 | 156 | Q: fen-phen is a combination of which two drugs? 157 | A: fenfluramine and phentermine. 158 | 159 | --- 160 | 161 | Q: What's the "fen" in fen-phen? 162 | A: fenfluramine 163 | 164 | --- 165 | 166 | Q: What's the "phen" in fen-phen? 167 | A: phentermine 168 | 169 | --- 170 | 171 | Q: fen-phen, drug class. 172 | A: anorectic 173 | 174 | --- 175 | 176 | C: 177 | Abbreviation: [qd] 178 | 179 | Definition: [once daily.] 180 | 181 | --- 182 | 183 | C: 184 | Abbreviation: [qAM] 185 | 186 | Definition: [Every morning.] 187 | 188 | --- 189 | 190 | C: 191 | Abbreviation: [qHS] 192 | 193 | Definition: [At bedtime.] 194 | 195 | --- 196 | 197 | C: 198 | Abbreviation: [bid] 199 | 200 | Definition: [Twice daily.] 201 | 202 | --- 203 | 204 | C: 205 | Abbreviation: [tid] 206 | 207 | Definition: [Three times daily.] 208 | 209 | --- 210 | 211 | C: 212 | Abbreviation: [qid] 213 | 214 | Definition: [Four times daily.] 215 | 216 | --- 217 | 218 | C: 219 | Abbreviation: [qPM] 220 | 221 | Definition: [Every evening.] 222 | 223 | --- 224 | 225 | C: 226 | Abbreviation: [prn] 227 | 228 | Definition: [As needed.] 229 | 230 | --- 231 | 232 | C: Methylphenidate is primarily metabolized by [CES1]. 233 | 234 | --- 235 | 236 | C: The trade name of [lisdexamfetamine] is [Vyvanse]. 237 | 238 | --- 239 | 240 | C: The trade name of [dextroamphetamine] is [Dexedrine]. 241 | 242 | --- 243 | 244 | C: [Adderall] is the trade name for a combination of [amphetamine] and [dextroamphetamine] salts. 245 | 246 | --- 247 | 248 | C: The American trade name of [bupropion] is [Wellbutrin]. 249 | 250 | --- 251 | 252 | C: The Australian trade name of [bupropion] is [Zyban]. 253 | 254 | --- 255 | 256 | Q: Bupropion, drug class. 257 | A: NDRI. 258 | 259 | --- 260 | 261 | Q: Bupropion, main risk. 262 | A: Seizures. 263 | 264 | --- 265 | 266 | Q: Bupropion, formulations. 267 | A: IR, SR, XL. 268 | 269 | --- 270 | 271 | C: Bupropion is primarily metabolized by cytochrome [2B6]. 272 | 273 | --- 274 | 275 | Q: What does NSAID stand for? 276 | A: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. 277 | 278 | --- 279 | 280 | C: The wisdom teeth are also called the [third molars]. 281 | 282 | --- 283 | 284 | C: The third molars are also called the [wisdom teeth]. 285 | 286 | --- 287 | 288 | Q: How many premolars are there in one quadrant of the mouth? 289 | A: Two. 290 | 291 | --- 292 | 293 | Q: How many molars are there in one quadrant of the mouth? 294 | A: Three. 295 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/English Vocabulary.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Barangay 2 | A: The smallest administrative division of the Philippines. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | Q: _ad patres_ 7 | A: gone to his fathers, died 8 | 9 | --- 10 | 11 | Q: _obiter dicta_ 12 | A: Things said in passing. 13 | 14 | --- 15 | 16 | Q: _pro forma_ 17 | A: Perfunctorily, for the sake of procedure or politeness. 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | Q: _sotto voce_ 22 | A: quietly 23 | 24 | --- 25 | 26 | Q: abstemious 27 | A: indulging in moderation 28 | 29 | --- 30 | 31 | Q: anastylosis 32 | A: The reconstruction of archaeological ruins from the remaining fragments. 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | Q: antinomian 37 | A: Rejecting laws and moral codes. 38 | 39 | --- 40 | 41 | Q: antiparallel 42 | A: going in opposite directions 43 | 44 | --- 45 | 46 | Q: badelaire 47 | A: A short sword with a heavy, curved blade; and S-shaped quillons. 48 | 49 | --- 50 | 51 | Q: badinage 52 | A: banter 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: barbican 57 | A: A tower at the entrance to a castle or fortress. 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | Q: burgeon 62 | A: a bud, sprout, or shoot 63 | 64 | --- 65 | 66 | Q: bête noire 67 | A: Literally “black beast”; figuratively, an object of aversion. 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | Q: chancel 72 | A: The part of a church near the altar, separated from the nave by a barrier. 73 | 74 | --- 75 | 76 | Q: corbel 77 | A: A projection jutting out from a wall. 78 | 79 | --- 80 | 81 | Q: cupidity 82 | A: greed 83 | 84 | --- 85 | 86 | Q: cynosure 87 | A: A focal point of attention and admiration. 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | Q: desultory 92 | A: disappointing 93 | 94 | --- 95 | 96 | Q: dispositive 97 | A: Relating to a final judgement or determination. 98 | 99 | --- 100 | 101 | Q: dowdy 102 | A: Unfashionably dressed. 103 | 104 | --- 105 | 106 | Q: epigram 107 | A: A short, witty saying. 108 | 109 | --- 110 | 111 | Q: epigraph 112 | A: A quotation at the beginning of a book. 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | Q: facile 117 | A: superficial 118 | 119 | --- 120 | 121 | Q: feckless 122 | A: purposeless/unskilled 123 | 124 | --- 125 | 126 | Q: fen 127 | A: A swamp or mire. 128 | 129 | --- 130 | 131 | Q: flense 132 | A: To strip the blubber or skin from an animal. 133 | 134 | --- 135 | 136 | Q: gallipot 137 | A: A small pot used by apothecaries to hold medicines. 138 | 139 | --- 140 | 141 | Q: glyptic art 142 | A: The art of carving small gemstones. 143 | 144 | --- 145 | 146 | Q: grandam 147 | A: grandmother 148 | 149 | --- 150 | 151 | Q: hauberk 152 | A: A coat of mail. 153 | 154 | --- 155 | 156 | Q: hereunder 157 | A: Under this 158 | 159 | --- 160 | 161 | Q: hieratic 162 | A: of or pertaining to priests 163 | 164 | --- 165 | 166 | Q: hypostatize 167 | A: to treat something abstract as concrete 168 | 169 | --- 170 | 171 | Q: imbricate 172 | A: to overlap 173 | 174 | --- 175 | 176 | Q: impecunious 177 | A: Lacking money 178 | 179 | --- 180 | 181 | Q: insouciance 182 | A: indifference/nonchalance 183 | 184 | --- 185 | 186 | Q: inveigle 187 | A: To convince through lies and flattery. 188 | 189 | --- 190 | 191 | Q: loquacious 192 | A: Talkative. 193 | 194 | --- 195 | 196 | Q: machicolation 197 | A: A hole on the floor of a corbel, through which stones can be thrown at attackers. 198 | 199 | --- 200 | 201 | Q: manacle 202 | A: shackles 203 | 204 | --- 205 | 206 | Q: mantic 207 | A: prophetic 208 | 209 | --- 210 | 211 | Q: meretricious 212 | A: Apparently attractive but lacking real value 213 | 214 | --- 215 | 216 | Q: mojibake 217 | A: Corrupted text resulting from using the wrong character decoding. 218 | 219 | --- 220 | 221 | Q: nicodemite 222 | A: Someone suspected of misrepresenting their religious beliefs. 223 | 224 | --- 225 | 226 | Q: outré 227 | A: extravagant 228 | 229 | --- 230 | 231 | Q: panentheism 232 | A: The idea that God is everywhere, but also transcends the material universe. 233 | 234 | --- 235 | 236 | Q: particoloured 237 | A: many-coloured 238 | 239 | --- 240 | 241 | Q: pluperfect 242 | A: more than perfect/ideal 243 | 244 | --- 245 | 246 | Q: prosaic 247 | A: like prose, matter of fact, lacking poetry 248 | 249 | --- 250 | 251 | Q: protean 252 | A: frequently changing 253 | 254 | --- 255 | 256 | Q: quillon 257 | A: Another word for the crossguard of a sword. 258 | 259 | --- 260 | 261 | Q: redolent 262 | A: Having the smell of something, suggestive 263 | 264 | --- 265 | 266 | Q: sangfroid 267 | A: composure/coolness 268 | 269 | --- 270 | 271 | Q: sanguine 272 | A: optimistic 273 | 274 | --- 275 | 276 | Q: sere 277 | A: dried up 278 | 279 | --- 280 | 281 | Q: serried 282 | A: standing close together 283 | 284 | --- 285 | 286 | Q: sexton 287 | A: A church official who looks after a church and its graveyard. 288 | 289 | --- 290 | 291 | Q: slovenly 292 | A: An untidy, unkempt person. 293 | 294 | --- 295 | 296 | Q: spavined 297 | A: Lame, old, worn-out. 298 | 299 | --- 300 | 301 | Q: stolid 302 | A: Calm, dependable. 303 | 304 | --- 305 | 306 | Q: sully 307 | A: To soil something. 308 | 309 | --- 310 | 311 | Q: threadbare 312 | A: (of clothing) worn out 313 | 314 | --- 315 | 316 | Q: trabant 317 | A: satellite/follower 318 | 319 | --- 320 | 321 | Q: upbraid 322 | A: To criticize severely. 323 | 324 | --- 325 | 326 | Q: valetudinarian 327 | A: Hypochondriacal. 328 | 329 | --- 330 | 331 | Q: vehmic 332 | A: Of or relating to the Vehm, a medieval German secret court. 333 | 334 | --- 335 | 336 | Q: vitiate 337 | A: To reduce the effectiveness of something. 338 | 339 | --- 340 | 341 | Q: voir dire 342 | A: A preliminary examination of a juror or witness. 343 | 344 | --- 345 | 346 | Q: wane 347 | A: To diminish. 348 | 349 | --- 350 | 351 | Q: wax (verb) 352 | A: to grow 353 | 354 | --- 355 | 356 | Q: wherefore 357 | A: why / therefore 358 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Quotes.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | C: 2 | For a great deal is said about the forms of the gods, and about their locality, dwelling-places, and mode of life, and these points are disputed with the utmost difference of opinion among philosophers. 3 | 4 | — [Cicero], [_On the Nature of the Gods_] 5 | 6 | --- 7 | 8 | C: 9 | For you live like sea birds, with your homes dispersed, like the Cyclades, across the surface of the water. 10 | 11 | — [Cassiodorus] 12 | 13 | --- 14 | 15 | C: 16 | He had already adorned the supercelestial region with Intelligences, infused the heavenly globes with the life of immortal souls. 17 | 18 | — [Giovanni Pico], [_Oration on the Dignity of Man_] 19 | 20 | --- 21 | 22 | C: 23 | We have made thee neither of heaven or of earth, neither mortal nor immortal, so that with freedom of choice and with honor, as though the maker and moulder of thyself, thou mayest fashion thyself in whatever shape thou shalt prefer. 24 | 25 | — [Giovanni Pico], [_Oration on the Dignity of Man_] 26 | 27 | --- 28 | 29 | C: 30 | Thus he acquired not alone the Torah and the seventy tongues, but also the language of beasts and birds. 31 | 32 | — [_The Legends of the Jews_], [Louis Ginzberg] 33 | 34 | --- 35 | 36 | C: 37 | How could I deny that I have these hands and body, without being classed among those persons in a state of insanity, who assert that they are princes when in the greatest poverty, that they are clothed in purple when destitute of any covering, that their heads are made of clay, and their bodies made of glass? 38 | 39 | — [René Descartes], [_Meditations_] 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | C: 44 | Practical men who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influence, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist. Madmen in authority, who hear voices in the air, are distilling their frenzy from some academic scribbler of a few years back. 45 | 46 | — [John Maynard Keynes] 47 | 48 | --- 49 | 50 | C: 51 | Though philosophy is carried on as a coercive activity, the penalty philosophers wield is, after all, rather weak. If the other person is willing to bear the label of “irrational” or “having the worse arguments,” he can skip away happily maintaining his previous belief. He will be trailed, of course, by the philosopher furiously hurling philosophical imprecations: “What do you mean, you’re willing to be irrational? You shouldn’t be irrational because…” And although the philosopher is embarrassed by his inability to complete this sentence in a noncircular fashion—he can only produce reasons for accepting reasons—still, he is unwilling to let his adversary go. 52 | 53 | — [Robert Nozick] 54 | 55 | --- 56 | 57 | C: 58 | Perhaps the first pyramids were the piles of stones that entombed people who were stoned to death. 59 | 60 | — [Peter Thiel] 61 | 62 | --- 63 | 64 | C: 65 | And the words slide into the slots ordained by syntax, and glitter as with atmospheric dust with those impurities which we call meaning. 66 | 67 | — [Anthony Burgess] 68 | 69 | --- 70 | 71 | C: 72 | Let's withdraw; 73 | 74 | And meet the time as it seeks us. 75 | 76 | — [Shakespeare], [_Cymbeline_] 77 | 78 | --- 79 | 80 | C: 81 | [And thus I clothe my naked villany] 82 | 83 | [With old odd ends stolen out of holy writ;] 84 | 85 | [And seem a saint, when most I play the devil.] 86 | 87 | — [Shakespeare], [_Richard III_] 88 | 89 | --- 90 | 91 | C: 92 | Now all are fled, 93 | 94 | Save only the gods 95 | 96 | — [Shakespeare], [_Timon of Athens_] 97 | 98 | --- 99 | 100 | C: 101 | Seek not my name. 102 | 103 | — [Shakespeare], [_Timon of Athens_] 104 | 105 | --- 106 | 107 | C: 108 | If the brain were so simple we could understand it, we would be so simple we couldn't. 109 | 110 | — [Emerson Pugh] 111 | 112 | --- 113 | 114 | C: 115 | The spider weaves the curtains in Caesar's palace; 116 | 117 | The owl calls the watches upon the dome of Afrasiab. 118 | 119 | — [Anvari] 120 | 121 | --- 122 | 123 | C: 124 | L'hydre Univers tordant son corps écaillé d'astres 125 | 126 | — [Victor Hugo], [_Les Contemplations_] 127 | 128 | --- 129 | 130 | C: 131 | For us humanity was a distant goal toward which all men were moving, whose image no one knew, whose laws were nowhere written down. 132 | 133 | — [Hermann Hesse], [_Demian_] 134 | 135 | --- 136 | 137 | C: 138 | The whole of the developments and operations of analysis are now capable of being executed by machinery. 139 | 140 | — [Charles Babbage], [_Passages from the Life of a Philosopher_] 141 | 142 | --- 143 | 144 | C: 145 | I am apt to think, if we knew what it was to be an angel for one hour, we should return to this world, though it were to sit on the brightest throne in it, with vastly more loathing and reluctance than we would now descend into a loathsome dungeon or sepulchre. 146 | 147 | — [George Berkeley] 148 | 149 | --- 150 | 151 | C: 152 | I was given to understand that She manipulated whole sciences and thought systems as I might string words into a sentence. But Her 'sentences' were as huge and profound as the utterances of the universe itself. 153 | 154 | — [David Zindell], [_Neverness_] 155 | 156 | --- 157 | 158 | C: 159 | Mortal man does not know how the universe and all that it contains may appear to a superhuman intelligence. Perhaps such an exalted mind is in a position to elaborate a coherent and comprehensive monistic interpretation of all phenomena. 160 | 161 | — [Ludwig von Mises], [_Theory and History_] 162 | 163 | --- 164 | 165 | C: 166 | There are wavelengths that people cannot see, there are sounds that people cannot hear, and maybe computers have thoughts that people cannot think. 167 | 168 | — [Richard Hamming] 169 | 170 | --- 171 | 172 | C: 173 | Some thinkers suppose that the motion of bodies of that size must produce a noise, since on our earth the motion of bodies far inferior in size and in speed of movement has that effect. 174 | 175 | Also, when the sun and the moon, they say, and all the stars, so great in number and in size, are moving with so rapid a motion, how should they not produce a sound immensely great? 176 | 177 | Starting from this argument and from the observation that their speeds, as measured by their distances, are in the same ratios as musical concordances, they assert that the sound given forth by the circular movement of the stars is a harmony. 178 | 179 | Since, however, it appears unaccountable that we should not hear this music, they explain this by saying that the sound is in our ears from the very moment of birth and is thus indistinguishable from its contrary silence, since sound and silence are discriminated by mutual contrast. 180 | 181 | What happens to men, then, is just what happens to coppersmiths, who are so accustomed to the noise of the smithy that it makes no difference to them. 182 | 183 | — [Aristotle], [_On the Heavens_] 184 | 185 | --- 186 | 187 | C: 188 | Neither dreamt sand can kill me, nor are there dreams within dreams. 189 | 190 | — [Jorge Luis Borges], [_La Escritura del Dios_] 191 | 192 | --- 193 | 194 | C: 195 | Forsake thy cage, 196 | 197 | Thy rope of sands 198 | 199 | — [George Herbert], [_The Collar_] 200 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Term Rewriting and All That.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: Define termination of a rewrite system. 2 | A: A rewrite system terminates when any expression can be rewritten into an expression for which no more rules apply. 3 | 4 | --- 5 | 6 | C: 7 | Term: [normal form] 8 | 9 | Definition: [An expression for which no more rules apply.] 10 | 11 | --- 12 | 13 | C: A term $x$ is [reducible] iff [there exists a $y$ such that $x \to y$]. 14 | 15 | --- 16 | 17 | C: Saying "$x$ is [irreducible]" is equivalent to saying "$x$ is a [normal form]". 18 | 19 | --- 20 | 21 | C: 22 | Notation: [$x!$] 23 | 24 | Definition: [$x$ has a unique normal form.] 25 | 26 | --- 27 | 28 | Q: Express "$x$ is an ancestor of $y$" symbolically. 29 | A: $x \starpath y$ 30 | 31 | --- 32 | 33 | Q: Express "$x$ is a direct ancestor of $y$" symbolically. 34 | A: $x \to y$ 35 | 36 | --- 37 | 38 | Q: Express "$y$ is a successor of $x$" symbolically. 39 | A: $x \starpath y$ 40 | 41 | --- 42 | 43 | Q: Express "$y$ is a direct successor of $x$" symbolically. 44 | A: $x \to y$ 45 | 46 | --- 47 | 48 | C: $x$ and $y$ are called [joinable] iff [there exists a $z$ such that $x \stackrel{+}{\rightarrow} z$ and $y \stackrel{+}{\rightarrow} z$]. 49 | 50 | --- 51 | 52 | C: Let $x$ and $y$ be terms. The notation [$x \join y$] means that $x$ and $y$ are [joinable]. 53 | 54 | --- 55 | 56 | Q: Define confluence in plain language. 57 | A: If two terms have a common (possibly indirect) ancestor, they are joinable. 58 | 59 | --- 60 | 61 | C: 62 | [$\text{Confluent}(R)$] 63 | $\iff$ 64 | [$\left( y_1 \lstarpath x \starpath y_2 \implies y_1 \join y_2 \right)$] 65 | 66 | --- 67 | 68 | C: 69 | Term: [convergent rewrite system] 70 | 71 | Definition: [A rewrite system that is both terminating and confluent.] 72 | 73 | --- 74 | 75 | C: 76 | [$\text{ChurchRosser}(R)$] 77 | $\iff$ 78 | [$\left( x \conv y \implies x \join y \right)$] 79 | 80 | --- 81 | 82 | Q: Define the identity relation $R^0$ on a set $A$. 83 | A: $$ R^0 = \set{(x,x) \mid x \in A} $$ 84 | 85 | --- 86 | 87 | Q: Rewrite $x \starpath y$ in Prolog notation. 88 | A: $$ R^{\*}(x,y) $$ 89 | 90 | --- 91 | 92 | Q: How do you read $x \conv y$? 93 | A: "$x$ and $y$ are convertible" 94 | 95 | --- 96 | 97 | C: 98 | Term: [normalizing rewrite system] 99 | 100 | Definition: [A rewrite system where every element has at least one normal form.] 101 | 102 | --- 103 | 104 | C: 105 | [$\text{SemiConfluent}(R)$] 106 | $\iff$ 107 | [$\left( y_1 \leftarrow x \starpath y_2 \implies y_1 \join y_2 \right)$] 108 | 109 | --- 110 | 111 | Q: Give a proof sketch of the following theorem: if a relation $R$ is confluent, then every element has at most one normal form. 112 | A: An element $x$ can have zero, one, or many normal forms. The first two cases satisfy the statement. The third case leads to a contradiction: because $x$ is a common ancestor of any two normal forms, by confluence, those normal forms are joinable, and if they are joinable, they can't be normal. 113 | 114 | --- 115 | 116 | Q: Prove the following theorem: if a relation $R$ is confluent, then every element has at most one normal form. 117 | A: Let $\text{Confluent}(R)$ and pick a term $x$. There are two possibilities. 118 | 119 | One, $x$ has zero or one normal form, which satisfies the theorem. 120 | 121 | Two, $x$ has more than one normal form. Pick at least two normal forms $y$ and $z$. We know $x \starpath y$ and $x \starpath z$, thus $y \conv z$ and by confluence, $y \join z$, which means they can't be normal forms. Contradiction. 122 | 123 | --- 124 | 125 | Q: Give a proof sketch of the following theorem: if a relation $R$ is normalizing and confluent, then every element has a unique normal form. 126 | 127 | A: If $R$ is normalizing then every element must have at least one normal form, and we know that under confluence, multiple normal forms lead to a contradiction. Therefore, $x \join$ is unique. 128 | 129 | --- 130 | 131 | Q: Explain the intuition behind the following theorem: if a relation $R$ is normalizing and confluent, then every element has a unique normal form. 132 | A: Normalizing means every element has at least one normal form. Confluence means multiple normal forms must be joinable, i.e., not normal forms at all. Therefore this implies uniqueness of the normal form. 133 | 134 | --- 135 | 136 | C: 137 | Term: [finitely branching relation] 138 | 139 | Definition: [A relation where every element has only finitely many direct successors.] 140 | 141 | --- 142 | 143 | C: 144 | Term: [globally finite relation] 145 | 146 | Definition: [A relation where every element has only finitely many distinct successors.] 147 | 148 | --- 149 | 150 | Q: Difference between termination and global finitude of a relation. 151 | A: Termination: the chains from every element have finite length. 152 | 153 | Global finitude: the set of distinct successors from every element is finite. 154 | 155 | --- 156 | 157 | Q: Give an example of a relation that is globally finite but non-terminating. 158 | A: 159 | $$\set{a \to b, b \to a}$$ 160 | 161 | The set of successors is $\set{a,b}$ for every element. 162 | 163 | --- 164 | 165 | C: 166 | Term: [acyclic relation] 167 | 168 | Definition: [A relation where there is no element $a$ such that $a \pluspath a$.] 169 | 170 | --- 171 | 172 | Q: Give an example of a relation that is terminating but not finitely branching. 173 | A: The relation: 174 | 175 | $$ 176 | \begin{align*} 177 | a \to n, & \forall n \in \N \\\\ 178 | n \to b, & \forall n \in N 179 | \end{align*} 180 | $$ 181 | 182 | That is: $a$ rewrites to any natural number, and every natural number rewrites to $b$. 183 | 184 | --- 185 | 186 | C: Let $R$ be a relation. Then: 187 | 188 | [$\text{Diamond}(R)$] 189 | $\iff$ 190 | [$\left( y_1 \leftarrow x \rightarrow y_2 \implies \exists z . y_1 \rightarrow z \leftarrow y_2 \right)$] 191 | 192 | --- 193 | 194 | C: 195 | Term: [signature] 196 | 197 | Definition: [a set of function symbols, each of which is associated with a natural number called its arity.] 198 | 199 | --- 200 | 201 | C: 202 | Notation: [$\Sigma^{(n)}$] 203 | 204 | Definition: [the set of $n$-ary symbols in a signature $\Sigma$.] 205 | 206 | --- 207 | 208 | C: Let $\Sigma$ be a signature. The elements of [$\Sigma^{(0)}$] are called [constant symbols]. 209 | 210 | --- 211 | 212 | Q: Let $\Sigma$ be a signature, and $X$ a set of variables such that $\Sigma \cap X = \emptyset$. How do we construct the set of **$\Sigma$-terms over $X$**? 213 | A: By induction: every variable is a term, and every application of function symbols in $\Sigma$ to a list of terms is also a term. 214 | 215 | --- 216 | 217 | C: 218 | Notation: [$T(\Sigma, X)$] 219 | 220 | Definition: [the set of $\Sigma$-terms over $X$.] 221 | 222 | --- 223 | 224 | C: 225 | Notation: [$\mathcal{Pos}(t)$] 226 | 227 | Definition: [the set of positions in a term $t$.] 228 | 229 | --- 230 | 231 | C: 232 | Notation: [$\mathcal{Var}(t)$] 233 | 234 | Definition: [the set of variables in a term $t$.] 235 | 236 | --- 237 | 238 | C: 239 | Notation: [$t |_p$] 240 | 241 | Definition: [the subterm of $t$ at position $p$.] 242 | 243 | --- 244 | 245 | C: 246 | Term: [ground term] 247 | 248 | Definition: [a term with no free variables.] 249 | 250 | --- 251 | 252 | C: Let $t$ be a term. Then: 253 | 254 | [$\text{Ground}(t)$] 255 | $\iff$ 256 | [$\left( \mathcal{Var}(t) = \emptyset \right)$] 257 | 258 | --- 259 | 260 | C: 261 | Notation: [$T(\Sigma)$] 262 | 263 | Definition: [the set of ground terms over a signature $\Sigma$.] 264 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /Cards/Persian Alphabet.md: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Q: isolated form of **alef** 2 | A: # ا 3 | 4 | Q: initial form of **alef** 5 | A: # ا 6 | 7 | Q: medial form of **alef** 8 | A: # ـا 9 | 10 | Q: final form of **alef** 11 | A: # ـا 12 | 13 | Q: name of this letter: 14 | # ا 15 | A: alef 16 | 17 | Q: name of this letter: 18 | # ا 19 | A: alef 20 | 21 | Q: name of this letter: 22 | # ـا 23 | A: alef 24 | 25 | Q: name of this letter: 26 | # ـا 27 | A: alef 28 | 29 | Q: isolated form of **be** 30 | A: # ب 31 | 32 | Q: initial form of **be** 33 | A: # بـ 34 | 35 | Q: medial form of **be** 36 | A: # ـبـ 37 | 38 | Q: final form of **be** 39 | A: # ـب 40 | 41 | Q: name of this letter: 42 | # ب 43 | A: be 44 | 45 | Q: name of this letter: 46 | # بـ 47 | A: be 48 | 49 | Q: name of this letter: 50 | # ـبـ 51 | A: be 52 | 53 | Q: name of this letter: 54 | # ـب 55 | A: be 56 | 57 | Q: isolated form of **pe** 58 | A: # پ 59 | 60 | Q: initial form of **pe** 61 | A: # پـ 62 | 63 | Q: medial form of **pe** 64 | A: # ـپـ 65 | 66 | Q: final form of **pe** 67 | A: # ـپ 68 | 69 | Q: name of this letter: 70 | # پ 71 | A: pe 72 | 73 | Q: name of this letter: 74 | # پـ 75 | A: pe 76 | 77 | Q: name of this letter: 78 | # ـپـ 79 | A: pe 80 | 81 | Q: name of this letter: 82 | # ـپ 83 | A: pe 84 | 85 | Q: isolated form of **te** 86 | A: # ت 87 | 88 | Q: initial form of **te** 89 | A: # تـ 90 | 91 | Q: medial form of **te** 92 | A: # ـتـ 93 | 94 | Q: final form of **te** 95 | A: # ـت 96 | 97 | Q: name of this letter: 98 | # ت 99 | A: te 100 | 101 | Q: name of this letter: 102 | # تـ 103 | A: te 104 | 105 | Q: name of this letter: 106 | # ـتـ 107 | A: te 108 | 109 | Q: name of this letter: 110 | # ـت 111 | A: te 112 | 113 | Q: isolated form of **se** 114 | A: # ث 115 | 116 | Q: initial form of **se** 117 | A: # ثـ 118 | 119 | Q: medial form of **se** 120 | A: # ـثـ 121 | 122 | Q: final form of **se** 123 | A: # ـث 124 | 125 | Q: name of this letter: 126 | # ث 127 | A: se 128 | 129 | Q: name of this letter: 130 | # ثـ 131 | A: se 132 | 133 | Q: name of this letter: 134 | # ـثـ 135 | A: se 136 | 137 | Q: name of this letter: 138 | # ـث 139 | A: se 140 | 141 | Q: isolated form of **jim** 142 | A: # ج 143 | 144 | Q: initial form of **jim** 145 | A: # جـ 146 | 147 | Q: medial form of **jim** 148 | A: # ـجـ 149 | 150 | Q: final form of **jim** 151 | A: # ـج 152 | 153 | Q: name of this letter: 154 | # ج 155 | A: jim 156 | 157 | Q: name of this letter: 158 | # جـ 159 | A: jim 160 | 161 | Q: name of this letter: 162 | # ـجـ 163 | A: jim 164 | 165 | Q: name of this letter: 166 | # ـج 167 | A: jim 168 | 169 | Q: isolated form of **che** 170 | A: # چ 171 | 172 | Q: initial form of **che** 173 | A: # چـ 174 | 175 | Q: medial form of **che** 176 | A: # ـچـ 177 | 178 | Q: final form of **che** 179 | A: # ـچ 180 | 181 | Q: name of this letter: 182 | # چ 183 | A: che 184 | 185 | Q: name of this letter: 186 | # چـ 187 | A: che 188 | 189 | Q: name of this letter: 190 | # ـچـ 191 | A: che 192 | 193 | Q: name of this letter: 194 | # ـچ 195 | A: che 196 | 197 | Q: isolated form of **he** 198 | A: # ح 199 | 200 | Q: initial form of **he** 201 | A: # حـ 202 | 203 | Q: medial form of **he** 204 | A: # ـحـ 205 | 206 | Q: final form of **he** 207 | A: # ـح 208 | 209 | Q: name of this letter: 210 | # ح 211 | A: he 212 | 213 | Q: name of this letter: 214 | # حـ 215 | A: he 216 | 217 | Q: name of this letter: 218 | # ـحـ 219 | A: he 220 | 221 | Q: name of this letter: 222 | # ـح 223 | A: he 224 | 225 | Q: isolated form of **khe** 226 | A: # خ 227 | 228 | Q: initial form of **khe** 229 | A: # خـ 230 | 231 | Q: medial form of **khe** 232 | A: # ـخـ 233 | 234 | Q: final form of **khe** 235 | A: # ـخ 236 | 237 | Q: name of this letter: 238 | # خ 239 | A: khe 240 | 241 | Q: name of this letter: 242 | # خـ 243 | A: khe 244 | 245 | Q: name of this letter: 246 | # ـخـ 247 | A: khe 248 | 249 | Q: name of this letter: 250 | # ـخ 251 | A: khe 252 | 253 | Q: isolated form of **dal** 254 | A: # د 255 | 256 | Q: initial form of **dal** 257 | A: # د 258 | 259 | Q: medial form of **dal** 260 | A: # ـد 261 | 262 | Q: final form of **dal** 263 | A: # ـد 264 | 265 | Q: name of this letter: 266 | # د 267 | A: dal 268 | 269 | Q: name of this letter: 270 | # د 271 | A: dal 272 | 273 | Q: name of this letter: 274 | # ـد 275 | A: dal 276 | 277 | Q: name of this letter: 278 | # ـد 279 | A: dal 280 | 281 | Q: isolated form of **zal** 282 | A: # ذ 283 | 284 | Q: initial form of **zal** 285 | A: # ذ 286 | 287 | Q: medial form of **zal** 288 | A: # ـذ 289 | 290 | Q: final form of **zal** 291 | A: # ـذ 292 | 293 | Q: name of this letter: 294 | # ذ 295 | A: zal 296 | 297 | Q: name of this letter: 298 | # ذ 299 | A: zal 300 | 301 | Q: name of this letter: 302 | # ـذ 303 | A: zal 304 | 305 | Q: name of this letter: 306 | # ـذ 307 | A: zal 308 | 309 | Q: isolated form of **re** 310 | A: # ر 311 | 312 | Q: initial form of **re** 313 | A: # ر 314 | 315 | Q: medial form of **re** 316 | A: # ـر 317 | 318 | Q: final form of **re** 319 | A: # ـر 320 | 321 | Q: name of this letter: 322 | # ر 323 | A: re 324 | 325 | Q: name of this letter: 326 | # ر 327 | A: re 328 | 329 | Q: name of this letter: 330 | # ـر 331 | A: re 332 | 333 | Q: name of this letter: 334 | # ـر 335 | A: re 336 | 337 | Q: isolated form of **ze** 338 | A: # ز 339 | 340 | Q: initial form of **ze** 341 | A: # ز 342 | 343 | Q: medial form of **ze** 344 | A: # ـز 345 | 346 | Q: final form of **ze** 347 | A: # ـز 348 | 349 | Q: name of this letter: 350 | # ز 351 | A: ze 352 | 353 | Q: name of this letter: 354 | # ز 355 | A: ze 356 | 357 | Q: name of this letter: 358 | # ـز 359 | A: ze 360 | 361 | Q: name of this letter: 362 | # ـز 363 | A: ze 364 | 365 | Q: isolated form of **zhe** 366 | A: # ژ 367 | 368 | Q: initial form of **zhe** 369 | A: # ژ 370 | 371 | Q: medial form of **zhe** 372 | A: # ـژ 373 | 374 | Q: final form of **zhe** 375 | A: # ـژ 376 | 377 | Q: name of this letter: 378 | # ژ 379 | A: zhe 380 | 381 | Q: name of this letter: 382 | # ژ 383 | A: zhe 384 | 385 | Q: name of this letter: 386 | # ـژ 387 | A: zhe 388 | 389 | Q: name of this letter: 390 | # ـژ 391 | A: zhe 392 | 393 | Q: isolated form of **sin** 394 | A: # س 395 | 396 | Q: initial form of **sin** 397 | A: # سـ 398 | 399 | Q: medial form of **sin** 400 | A: # ـسـ 401 | 402 | Q: final form of **sin** 403 | A: # ـس 404 | 405 | Q: name of this letter: 406 | # س 407 | A: sin 408 | 409 | Q: name of this letter: 410 | # سـ 411 | A: sin 412 | 413 | Q: name of this letter: 414 | # ـسـ 415 | A: sin 416 | 417 | Q: name of this letter: 418 | # ـس 419 | A: sin 420 | 421 | Q: isolated form of **shin** 422 | A: # ش 423 | 424 | Q: initial form of **shin** 425 | A: # شـ 426 | 427 | Q: medial form of **shin** 428 | A: # ـشـ 429 | 430 | Q: final form of **shin** 431 | A: # ـش 432 | 433 | Q: name of this letter: 434 | # ش 435 | A: shin 436 | 437 | Q: name of this letter: 438 | # شـ 439 | A: shin 440 | 441 | Q: name of this letter: 442 | # ـشـ 443 | A: shin 444 | 445 | Q: name of this letter: 446 | # ـش 447 | A: shin 448 | 449 | Q: isolated form of **sad** 450 | A: # ص 451 | 452 | Q: initial form of **sad** 453 | A: # صـ 454 | 455 | Q: medial form of **sad** 456 | A: # ـصـ 457 | 458 | Q: final form of **sad** 459 | A: # ـص 460 | 461 | Q: name of this letter: 462 | # ص 463 | A: sad 464 | 465 | Q: name of this letter: 466 | # صـ 467 | A: sad 468 | 469 | Q: name of this letter: 470 | # ـصـ 471 | A: sad 472 | 473 | Q: name of this letter: 474 | # ـص 475 | A: sad 476 | 477 | Q: isolated form of **zad** 478 | A: # ض 479 | 480 | Q: initial form of **zad** 481 | A: # ضـ 482 | 483 | Q: medial form of **zad** 484 | A: # ـضـ 485 | 486 | Q: final form of **zad** 487 | A: # ـض 488 | 489 | Q: name of this letter: 490 | # ض 491 | A: zad 492 | 493 | Q: name of this letter: 494 | # ضـ 495 | A: zad 496 | 497 | Q: name of this letter: 498 | # ـضـ 499 | A: zad 500 | 501 | Q: name of this letter: 502 | # ـض 503 | A: zad 504 | 505 | Q: isolated form of **ta** 506 | A: # ط 507 | 508 | Q: initial form of **ta** 509 | A: # طـ 510 | 511 | Q: medial form of **ta** 512 | A: # ـطـ 513 | 514 | Q: final form of **ta** 515 | A: # ـط 516 | 517 | Q: name of this letter: 518 | # ط 519 | A: ta 520 | 521 | Q: name of this letter: 522 | # طـ 523 | A: ta 524 | 525 | Q: name of this letter: 526 | # ـطـ 527 | A: ta 528 | 529 | Q: name of this letter: 530 | # ـط 531 | A: ta 532 | 533 | Q: isolated form of **za** 534 | A: # ظ 535 | 536 | Q: initial form of **za** 537 | A: # ظـ 538 | 539 | Q: medial form of **za** 540 | A: # ـظـ 541 | 542 | Q: final form of **za** 543 | A: # ـظ 544 | 545 | Q: name of this letter: 546 | # ظ 547 | A: za 548 | 549 | Q: name of this letter: 550 | # ظـ 551 | A: za 552 | 553 | Q: name of this letter: 554 | # ـظـ 555 | A: za 556 | 557 | Q: name of this letter: 558 | # ـظ 559 | A: za 560 | 561 | Q: isolated form of **ain** 562 | A: # ع 563 | 564 | Q: initial form of **ain** 565 | A: # عـ 566 | 567 | Q: medial form of **ain** 568 | A: # ـعـ 569 | 570 | Q: final form of **ain** 571 | A: # ـع 572 | 573 | Q: name of this letter: 574 | # ع 575 | A: ain 576 | 577 | Q: name of this letter: 578 | # عـ 579 | A: ain 580 | 581 | Q: name of this letter: 582 | # ـعـ 583 | A: ain 584 | 585 | Q: name of this letter: 586 | # ـع 587 | A: ain 588 | 589 | Q: isolated form of **ghain** 590 | A: # غ 591 | 592 | Q: initial form of **ghain** 593 | A: # غـ 594 | 595 | Q: medial form of **ghain** 596 | A: # ـغـ 597 | 598 | Q: final form of **ghain** 599 | A: # ـغ 600 | 601 | Q: name of this letter: 602 | # غ 603 | A: ghain 604 | 605 | Q: name of this letter: 606 | # غـ 607 | A: ghain 608 | 609 | Q: name of this letter: 610 | # ـغـ 611 | A: ghain 612 | 613 | Q: name of this letter: 614 | # ـغ 615 | A: ghain 616 | 617 | Q: isolated form of **fe** 618 | A: # ف 619 | 620 | Q: initial form of **fe** 621 | A: # فـ 622 | 623 | Q: medial form of **fe** 624 | A: # ـفـ 625 | 626 | Q: final form of **fe** 627 | A: # ـف 628 | 629 | Q: name of this letter: 630 | # ف 631 | A: fe 632 | 633 | Q: name of this letter: 634 | # فـ 635 | A: fe 636 | 637 | Q: name of this letter: 638 | # ـفـ 639 | A: fe 640 | 641 | Q: name of this letter: 642 | # ـف 643 | A: fe 644 | 645 | Q: isolated form of **qaf** 646 | A: # ق 647 | 648 | Q: initial form of **qaf** 649 | A: # قـ 650 | 651 | Q: medial form of **qaf** 652 | A: # ـقـ 653 | 654 | Q: final form of **qaf** 655 | A: # ـق 656 | 657 | Q: name of this letter: 658 | # ق 659 | A: qaf 660 | 661 | Q: name of this letter: 662 | # قـ 663 | A: qaf 664 | 665 | Q: name of this letter: 666 | # ـقـ 667 | A: qaf 668 | 669 | Q: name of this letter: 670 | # ـق 671 | A: qaf 672 | 673 | Q: isolated form of **kaf** 674 | A: # ک 675 | 676 | Q: initial form of **kaf** 677 | A: # کـ 678 | 679 | Q: medial form of **kaf** 680 | A: # ـکـ 681 | 682 | Q: final form of **kaf** 683 | A: # ـک 684 | 685 | Q: name of this letter: 686 | # ک 687 | A: kaf 688 | 689 | Q: name of this letter: 690 | # کـ 691 | A: kaf 692 | 693 | Q: name of this letter: 694 | # ـکـ 695 | A: kaf 696 | 697 | Q: name of this letter: 698 | # ـک 699 | A: kaf 700 | 701 | Q: isolated form of **gaf** 702 | A: # گ 703 | 704 | Q: initial form of **gaf** 705 | A: # گـ 706 | 707 | Q: medial form of **gaf** 708 | A: # ـگـ 709 | 710 | Q: final form of **gaf** 711 | A: # ـگ 712 | 713 | Q: name of this letter: 714 | # گ 715 | A: gaf 716 | 717 | Q: name of this letter: 718 | # گـ 719 | A: gaf 720 | 721 | Q: name of this letter: 722 | # ـگـ 723 | A: gaf 724 | 725 | Q: name of this letter: 726 | # ـگ 727 | A: gaf 728 | 729 | Q: isolated form of **lam** 730 | A: # ل 731 | 732 | Q: initial form of **lam** 733 | A: # لـ 734 | 735 | Q: medial form of **lam** 736 | A: # ـلـ 737 | 738 | Q: final form of **lam** 739 | A: # ـل 740 | 741 | Q: name of this letter: 742 | # ل 743 | A: lam 744 | 745 | Q: name of this letter: 746 | # لـ 747 | A: lam 748 | 749 | Q: name of this letter: 750 | # ـلـ 751 | A: lam 752 | 753 | Q: name of this letter: 754 | # ـل 755 | A: lam 756 | 757 | Q: isolated form of **mim** 758 | A: # م 759 | 760 | Q: initial form of **mim** 761 | A: # مـ 762 | 763 | Q: medial form of **mim** 764 | A: # ـمـ 765 | 766 | Q: final form of **mim** 767 | A: # ـم 768 | 769 | Q: name of this letter: 770 | # م 771 | A: mim 772 | 773 | Q: name of this letter: 774 | # مـ 775 | A: mim 776 | 777 | Q: name of this letter: 778 | # ـمـ 779 | A: mim 780 | 781 | Q: name of this letter: 782 | # ـم 783 | A: mim 784 | 785 | Q: isolated form of **nun** 786 | A: # ن 787 | 788 | Q: initial form of **nun** 789 | A: # نـ 790 | 791 | Q: medial form of **nun** 792 | A: # ـنـ 793 | 794 | Q: final form of **nun** 795 | A: # ـن 796 | 797 | Q: name of this letter: 798 | # ن 799 | A: nun 800 | 801 | Q: name of this letter: 802 | # نـ 803 | A: nun 804 | 805 | Q: name of this letter: 806 | # ـنـ 807 | A: nun 808 | 809 | Q: name of this letter: 810 | # ـن 811 | A: nun 812 | 813 | Q: isolated form of **vav** 814 | A: # و 815 | 816 | Q: initial form of **vav** 817 | A: # و 818 | 819 | Q: medial form of **vav** 820 | A: # ـو 821 | 822 | Q: final form of **vav** 823 | A: # ـو 824 | 825 | Q: name of this letter: 826 | # و 827 | A: vav 828 | 829 | Q: name of this letter: 830 | # و 831 | A: vav 832 | 833 | Q: name of this letter: 834 | # ـو 835 | A: vav 836 | 837 | Q: name of this letter: 838 | # ـو 839 | A: vav 840 | 841 | Q: isolated form of **he do cheshm** 842 | A: # ه 843 | 844 | Q: initial form of **he do cheshm** 845 | A: # هـ 846 | 847 | Q: medial form of **he do cheshm** 848 | A: # ـهـ 849 | 850 | Q: final form of **he do cheshm** 851 | A: # ـه 852 | 853 | Q: name of this letter: 854 | # ه 855 | A: he do cheshm 856 | 857 | Q: name of this letter: 858 | # هـ 859 | A: he do cheshm 860 | 861 | Q: name of this letter: 862 | # ـهـ 863 | A: he do cheshm 864 | 865 | Q: name of this letter: 866 | # ـه 867 | A: he do cheshm 868 | 869 | Q: isolated form of **ye** 870 | A: # ی 871 | 872 | Q: initial form of **ye** 873 | A: # یـ 874 | 875 | Q: medial form of **ye** 876 | A: # ـیـ 877 | 878 | Q: final form of **ye** 879 | A: # ـی 880 | 881 | Q: name of this letter: 882 | # ی 883 | A: ye 884 | 885 | Q: name of this letter: 886 | # یـ 887 | A: ye 888 | 889 | Q: name of this letter: 890 | # ـیـ 891 | A: ye 892 | 893 | Q: name of this letter: 894 | # ـی 895 | A: ye 896 | 897 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /LICENSE: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 | Attribution 4.0 International 2 | 3 | ======================================================================= 4 | 5 | Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and 6 | does not provide legal services or legal advice. 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